{"id":40264,"date":"2025-05-28T13:43:08","date_gmt":"2025-05-28T05:43:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/40264.html"},"modified":"2025-05-28T13:43:08","modified_gmt":"2025-05-28T05:43:08","slug":"jvm-%e7%9a%84%e5%9e%83%e5%9c%be%e5%9b%9e%e6%94%b6%e6%9c%ba%e5%88%b6-gc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/40264.html","title":{"rendered":"JVM \u7684\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236 GC"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\/C++ \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d,\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u65f6\u5019,\u662f\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5b8c\u4e86,\u8fdb\u884c\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u7684<\/p>\n

C \u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n

1)\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf(\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e)<\/p>\n

2)\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf(\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e)<\/p>\n

3)\u52a8\u6001\u7533\u8bf7 malloc(\u901a\u8fc7 free \u8fdb\u884c\u91ca\u653e\u7684)<\/p>\n

C++ \u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n

1)\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n

2)\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\/\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n

3)\u52a8\u6001\u7533\u8bf7 new \u901a\u8fc7 delete \u8fdb\u884c\u91ca\u653e<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u64cd\u4f5c,\u662f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u9057\u5fd8\u7684(\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u5230),\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f<\/p>\n

\u5f88\u591a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00,\u5f15\u5165\u4e86 \u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u624b\u52a8\u91ca\u653e,\u4f1a\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u903b\u8f91,\u5e2e\u52a9\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e<\/p>\n

\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536,\u5927\u5927\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458,\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387<\/p>\n

Java, Python,Go,PHP,JS \u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e3b\u6d41\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e86GC\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u5565C\/C++ \u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u5165 GC \u5462?<\/p>\n

C++ \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u5ff5,\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a(C++\u7684\u7ea2\u7ebf)<\/p>\n

1)\u548c C \u517c\u5bb9(C\u8bed\u8a00\u5199\u7684\u4ee3\u7801,\u7528 C++ \u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fd0\u884c\u7684)<\/p>\n

2)\u628a\u6027\u80fd\u53d1\u6325\u5230\u6781\u81f4<\/p>\n

\u5f15\u5165 GC \u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd,\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5f00\u9500<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

GC \u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387<\/p>\n

\u89e6\u53d1 GC \u7684\u65f6\u5019,\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u5230 STW \u95ee\u9898,(stop the world \u4e16\u754c\u90fd\u505c\u6b62),(GC \u8fd9\u6837\u7684"\u626b\u5730"\u64cd\u4f5c,\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ebf\u7a0b"\u62ac\u811a",\u62ac\u811a\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e86)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.GC \u56de\u6536\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u5462?<\/p>\n

JVM<\/p>\n

\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ba1\u6570\u5668<\/p>\n

\u5143\u6570\u636e\u533a<\/p>\n

\u6808<\/p>\n

\u5806\u00a0 => \u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56de\u6536\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u57df<\/p>\n

2.GC \u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58,\u662f\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d"\u91ca\u653e"\u7684\u5417?<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u662f\u7684,\u4ee5"\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u6309\u7167\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e3a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u6536,\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u65b9\u4fbf<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6309\u7167"\u5b57\u8282\u7ef4\u5ea6",\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u9488\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u5f97\u63cf\u8ff0\u51fa\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u9700\u8981\u56de\u6536,\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u56de\u6536,\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ebb\u70e6\u4e86<\/p>\n

\u5806\u4e0a\u7684\u5185\u5b58 => new \u7684\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n

3.\u5982\u4f55\u56de\u6536?<\/p>\n

1)\u627e\u51fa\u5783\u573e,\u533a\u5206\u54ea\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5783\u573e(\u540e\u7eed\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u5728\u4f7f\u7528)<\/p>\n

2)\u91ca\u653e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5783\u573e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55"\u627e\u51fa\u5783\u573e"(\u540e\u7eed\u4ee3\u7801\u4e0d\u5728\u4f7f\u7528)<\/p>\n

\u5728 Java \u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61,\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7"\u5f15\u7528"\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7684<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61,\u65e0\u975e\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\/\u65b9\u6cd5,\u90fd\u8981\u901a\u8fc7 . \u6765\u8fdb\u884c . \u524d\u9762\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\u5b83\u4e86,\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u6ce8\u5b9a\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86<\/p>\n

\u5224\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5783\u573e(\u62bd\u8c61)<\/p>\n

\u5224\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61(\u5177\u4f53,JVM \u5185\u90e8\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u529e\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u7684)<\/p>\n

1.\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570(Java \u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528,Python,PHP.. \u91c7\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6848)<\/p>\n

\u7b80\u5355\u7c97\u66b4\u7684\u65b9\u6848<\/p>\n

\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a"\u8ba1\u6570\u5668"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Python \/ PHP \u7b49\u8bed\u8a00\u4f1a\u642d\u914d\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u673a\u5236,\u8bc6\u522b\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u662f\u5426\u6784\u6210\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528<\/p>\n

\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f0a\u7aef<\/p>\n

1)\u6d88\u8017\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u8f83\u5927<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5f88\u5c0f(\u5c31 4 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282)<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u5360\u4fe9\u5b57\u8282,\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u591a\u4e86 50%<\/p>\n

2)\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898(\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6b7b\u9501)<\/p>\n

class Test {
\n Test t;
\n}
\nTest a = new Test();
\nTest b = new Test();<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

class Test {
\n Test t;
\n}
\nTest a = new Test();
\nTest b = new Test();<\/p>\n

a.t = b;
\nb.t = a;<\/p>\n

a = null;
\nb = null; <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u65f6,\u8fd9\u4fe9\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u662f 1,\u4e0d\u80fd\u91ca\u653e.<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f,\u8fd9\u4fe9\u5bf9\u8c61\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5982\u4f55\u5f15\u7528\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230( A B \u76f8\u4e92\u8bc1\u660e\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e0d\u662f\u5783\u573e,\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a AB \u90fd\u662f\u5783\u573e)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2.\u53ef\u8fbe\u6027\u5206\u6790(Java \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6848)<\/p>\n

\u5728 Java \u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d,\u6bcf\u4e2a"\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61"\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u7684<\/p>\n

JVM \u5b89\u6392\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b,\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684"\u626b\u63cf"\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b,\u4f1a\u4ece\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u5f00\u59cb\u626b\u63cf(GC roots)<\/p>\n

1.\u6808\u4e0a\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf(\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b)<\/p>\n

2.\u5e38\u91cf\u6c60\u91cc\u9762\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61(final \u4fee\u9970\u7684,\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b)<\/p>\n

3.\u5143\u6570\u636e\u533a (\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458,\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b)<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e09\u7ec4\u91cc\u9762\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53d8\u91cf,\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9,\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5f80\u91cc\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u51e1\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61,\u90fd"\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u53ef\u8fbe"<\/p>\n

JVM \u53c8\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5217\u8868,\u53bb\u6389"\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u53ef\u8fbe\u7684",\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5783\u573e\u4e86<\/p>\n

Node build() {
\n Node a = new Node();
\n Node b = new Node();
\n Node c = new Node();
\n Node d = new Node();
\n Node e = new Node();
\n Node f = new Node();
\n Node g = new Node();<\/p>\n

a.left = b;
\n a.right = c;
\n b.left = d;
\n b.right = e;
\n e.left = g;
\n c.right = f;
\n return a;
\n} <\/p>\n

Node root = build();<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7 root \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528,\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6811\u4e0a\u7684\u5982\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684<\/p>\n

\u5047\u8bbe,\u5199 root.right.right = null;<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u4f7f f \u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230 (f \u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\u4e86)<\/p>\n

\u5047\u8bbe,\u5199 root.right = null<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u4f7f c \u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe,\u7531\u4e8e f \u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u8d56 c, f \u4e5f\u4e00\u8d77\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5,\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u5165\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4,\u4f46\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6d88\u8017\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4,\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u626b\u63cf\u8fc7\u7a0b,\u8fd9\u4e9b\u626b\u63cf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u89e6\u53d1 STW \u7684(\u65f6\u95f4\u6362\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4),\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u5230"\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u91ca\u653e\u5783\u573e(\u56de\u6536\u5185\u5b58)<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u56de\u6536,\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u51e0\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5<\/p>\n

1.\u6807\u8bb0 – \u6e05\u9664<\/p>\n

\u6807\u8bb0,\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u8fbe\u6027\u5206\u6790,\u627e\u5230\u5783\u573e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n

\u6e05\u9664,\u76f4\u63a5\u91ca\u653e\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5185\u5b58(\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528 free \/ delete \u91ca\u653e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u7ed9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf)<\/p>\n

\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n

\"\"\u603b\u7684\u7a7a\u95f2\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4,\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\u7684 (\u4e00\u51713MB),\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4,\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u65f6\u5019,\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u7533\u8bf7\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4,\u5f53\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7533\u8bf7 2MB \u7684\u5185\u5b58\u65f6\u5019,\u5c31\u4f1a\u7533\u8bf7\u5931\u8d25<\/p>\n

2.\u590d\u5236\u7b97\u6cd5,\u89e3\u51b3\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u88ab\u7ea2\u94a9\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u7684\u662f"\u5783\u573e"<\/p>\n

\u628a\u4e0d\u662f\u5783\u573e\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61,\u590d\u5236\u5230\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4fa7,\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u90fd\u91ca\u653e\u6389<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n

\u5f0a\u7aef<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a01.\u5185\u5b58\u6d6a\u8d39\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a02.\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u6d3b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\/\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927,\u590d\u5236\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\u7684<\/p>\n

3.\u6807\u8bb0 – \u6574\u7406<\/p>\n

\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u987a\u5e8f\u8868\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20 – \u642c\u8fd0\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848,\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247,\u4e5f\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u8d1f\u8d23\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6d6a\u8d39,\u4f46\u662f,\u642c\u8fd0\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6210\u672c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8<\/p>\n

4.\u5206\u4ee3\u56de\u6536(\u7efc\u5408\u65b9\u6848),\u628a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848,\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765,\u626c\u957f\u907f\u77ed<\/p>\n

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"\u8981\u6b7b\u65e9\u6b7b\u4e86"<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

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\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61,\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\u7684"\u671d\u751f\u5915\u6b7b"<\/p>\n

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