\n| \u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00<\/td>\n | SQL<\/td>\n | MongoDB\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n1.3 MongoDB\u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/h4>\n\n\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bbe\u8ba1：\u65e0\u9700\u9884\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8868\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \n\u6c34\u5e73\u6269\u5c55\u80fd\u529b：\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u7247\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0\u6a2a\u5411\u6269\u5c55<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \n\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd：\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u51cf\u5c11JOIN\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \n\u5f00\u53d1\u53cb\u597d：\u6587\u6863\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5bf9\u8c61\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5951\u5408<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \n\u5730\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u652f\u6301：\u5185\u7f6e\u5730\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n<\/li>\n \u4e8c\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba<\/h3>\n2.1 \u5173\u7cfb\u5904\u7406\u7b56\u7565<\/h4>\n2.1.1 \u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u6587\u6863(Denormalization)<\/p>\n \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f：<\/p>\n \n- \n
\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb(\u5982\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u6863\u6848)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u4e00\u5bf9\u5c11\u5173\u7cfb(\u5982\u535a\u5ba2\u6587\u7ae0\u4e0e\u8bc4\u8bba)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u9700\u8981\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n \/\/ \u7528\u6237\u6587\u6863\u5d4c\u5165\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u606f
\n{
\n "_id": ObjectId("…"),
\n "name": "\u674e\u5a1c",
\n "address": {
\n "street": "\u671d\u9633\u533a\u5efa\u56fd\u8def88\u53f7",
\n "city": "\u5317\u4eac",
\n "postal_code": "100022"
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n \u4f18\u70b9：<\/p>\n \n- \n
\u5355\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u5373\u53ef\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u64cd\u4f5c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u8bfb\u53d6\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5f02<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \u7f3a\u70b9：<\/p>\n \n- \n
\u6587\u6863\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u5f97\u8fc7\u5927<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u6570\u636e\u91cd\u590d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n 2.1.2 \u6587\u6863\u5f15\u7528(Normalization)<\/p>\n \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f：<\/p>\n \n- \n
\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u5173\u7cfb(\u5982\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0e\u4e66\u7c4d)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u5173\u7cfb(\u5982\u5b66\u751f\u4e0e\u8bfe\u7a0b)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5927\u7684\u5b50\u6587\u6863<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n \/\/ \u4f5c\u8005\u6587\u6863
\n{
\n "_id": ObjectId("author123"),
\n "name": "\u4f59\u534e",
\n "books": [
\n ObjectId("book456"),
\n ObjectId("book789")
\n ]
\n}<\/p>\n \/\/ \u4e66\u7c4d\u6587\u6863
\n{
\n "_id": ObjectId("book456"),
\n "title": "\u6d3b\u7740",
\n "publish_year": 1993,
\n "author_id": ObjectId("author123")
\n} <\/p>\n \u4f18\u70b9：<\/p>\n \n- \n
\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u91cd\u590d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u4f20\u7edf\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \u7f3a\u70b9：<\/p>\n \n- \n
\u9700\u8981\u591a\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u83b7\u53d6\u5b8c\u6574\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8de8\u6587\u6863\u4e8b\u52a1\u652f\u6301(\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7248\u672c\u4e2d)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n 2.2 \u9ad8\u7ea7\u5efa\u6a21\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h4>\n2.2.1 \u5206\u6876\u6a21\u5f0f(Bucket Pattern)<\/p>\n \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f：\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e(\u5982IoT\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u6570\u636e\u3001\u80a1\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u6570\u636e)<\/p>\n \u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n {
\n "sensor_id": "\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f20\u611f\u5668A",
\n "date": ISODate("2023-06-01"),
\n "measurements": [
\n { "time": "00:00", "value": 23.5 },
\n { "time": "01:00", "value": 23.7 },
\n \/\/ …\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6\u6570\u636e…
\n ],
\n "statistics": {
\n "max": 25.1,
\n "min": 22.8,
\n "avg": 23.9
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n \u4f18\u52bf：<\/p>\n \n- \n
\u51cf\u5c11\u6587\u6863\u6570\u91cf<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u4fbf\u4e8e\u9884\u805a\u5408\u8ba1\u7b97<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n 2.2.2 \u5c5e\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f(Attribute Pattern)<\/p>\n \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f：\u4ea7\u54c1\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u7535\u5546SKU\u7b49\u5c5e\u6027\u591a\u53d8\u7684\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n \u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n {
\n "product_id": "P10086",
\n "name": "\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673aX",
\n "attributes": [
\n { "name": "\u989c\u8272", "value": "\u9ed1\u8272" },
\n { "name": "\u5185\u5b58", "value": "128GB" },
\n { "name": "\u5c4f\u5e55\u5c3a\u5bf8", "value": "6.5\u82f1\u5bf8" }
\n ]
\n} <\/p>\n \u4f18\u52bf：<\/p>\n \n- \n
\u7075\u6d3b\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u9700\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u7b80\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u63a5\u53e3<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u4fbf\u4e8e\u6269\u5c55\u65b0\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n 2.2.3 \u591a\u6001\u6a21\u5f0f(Polymorphic Pattern)<\/p>\n \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f：\u5185\u5bb9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u5b58\u50a8<\/p>\n \u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n \/\/ \u6587\u7ae0\u7c7b\u578b
\n{
\n "_id": ObjectId("…"),
\n "type": "article",
\n "title": "MongoDB\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5",
\n "author": "\u738b\u6280\u672f",
\n "content": "…",
\n "tags": ["\u6570\u636e\u5e93", "NoSQL"]
\n}<\/p>\n \/\/ \u89c6\u9891\u7c7b\u578b
\n{
\n "_id": ObjectId("…"),
\n "type": "video",
\n "title": "MongoDB\u6559\u7a0b",
\n "duration": 1200,
\n "resolution": "1080p",
\n "url": "https:\/\/example.com\/video123"
\n} <\/p>\n \u4f18\u52bf：<\/p>\n \n- \n
\u7edf\u4e00\u63a5\u53e3\u5904\u7406\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u7b80\u5316\u5e94\u7528\u67b6\u6784<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8de8\u7c7b\u578b\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \u4e09\u3001\u5b9e\u9645\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n3.1 \u7535\u5546\u5e73\u53f0\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n\u7528\u6237\u670d\u52a1：<\/p>\n {
\n "_id": ObjectId("user123"),
\n "username": "shopper1",
\n "password_hash": "…",
\n "profile": {
\n "name": "\u5f20\u8d2d\u7269",
\n "phone": "13800138000",
\n "addresses": [
\n {
\n "type": "home",
\n "street": "\u6d66\u4e1c\u65b0\u533a\u5f20\u6c5f\u8def123\u53f7",
\n "city": "\u4e0a\u6d77"
\n }
\n ]
\n },
\n "preferences": {
\n "language": "zh-CN",
\n "currency": "CNY"
\n }
\n} <\/p>\n \u5546\u54c1\u670d\u52a1：<\/p>\n {
\n "_id": ObjectId("product456"),
\n "name": "\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u8868",
\n "description": "\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u5065\u5eb7\u76d1\u6d4b…",
\n "category": "\u7535\u5b50\u4ea7\u54c1\/\u667a\u80fd\u8bbe\u5907",
\n "attributes": [
\n { "name": "\u989c\u8272", "value": "\u9ed1\u8272" },
\n { "name": "\u7535\u6c60\u7eed\u822a", "value": "7\u5929" }
\n ],
\n "variants": [
\n {
\n "sku": "SW-BL-01",
\n "price": 899.00,
\n "stock": 100
\n }
\n ],
\n "reviews": [
\n {
\n "user_id": ObjectId("user789"),
\n "rating": 5,
\n "comment": "\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7528！"
\n }
\n ]
\n} <\/p>\n \u8ba2\u5355\u670d\u52a1：<\/p>\n {
\n "_id": ObjectId("order789"),
\n "user_id": ObjectId("user123"),
\n "items": [
\n {
\n "product_id": ObjectId("product456"),
\n "sku": "SW-BL-01",
\n "quantity": 1,
\n "price": 899.00
\n }
\n ],
\n "shipping": {
\n "address": { … },
\n "method": "express",
\n "fee": 15.00
\n },
\n "total": 914.00,
\n "status": "completed",
\n "timeline": [
\n { "status": "created", "at": ISODate("…") },
\n { "status": "paid", "at": ISODate("…") }
\n ]
\n} <\/p>\n 3.2 \u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n\u7528\u6237\u5173\u7cfb\u8bbe\u8ba1：<\/p>\n \/\/ \u65b9\u68481：\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f(\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u578b\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc)
\n{
\n "_id": ObjectId("user1"),
\n "username": "social_user",
\n "friends": [
\n { "user_id": ObjectId("user2"), "since": ISODate("…") },
\n { "user_id": ObjectId("user3"), "since": ISODate("…") }
\n ]
\n}<\/p>\n \/\/ \u65b9\u68482：\u5f15\u7528\u5f0f(\u9002\u5408\u5927\u578b\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc)
\n{
\n "_id": ObjectId("user1"),
\n "username": "social_user",
\n "friend_count": 245
\n}<\/p>\n \/\/ \u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u96c6\u5408
\n{
\n "user_id": ObjectId("user1"),
\n "friend_id": ObjectId("user2"),
\n "since": ISODate("…"),
\n "relation_type": "friend"
\n} <\/p>\n \u5e16\u5b50\u4e0e\u8bc4\u8bba\u8bbe\u8ba1：<\/p>\n \/\/ \u5e16\u5b50\u6587\u6863
\n{
\n "_id": ObjectId("post123"),
\n "author_id": ObjectId("user1"),
\n "content": "\u4eca\u5929\u5929\u6c14\u771f\u597d！",
\n "likes": [ObjectId("user2"), ObjectId("user3")],
\n "comments": [
\n {
\n "id": ObjectId("comment1"),
\n "user_id": ObjectId("user2"),
\n "text": "\u786e\u5b9e\u4e0d\u9519！",
\n "created_at": ISODate("…")
\n }
\n ],
\n "created_at": ISODate("…"),
\n "updated_at": ISODate("…")
\n} <\/p>\n \u56db\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u9677\u9631\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h3>\n4.1 \u6587\u6863\u5927\u5c0f\u9650\u5236<\/h4>\n\u95ee\u9898：MongoDB\u5355\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc716MB<\/p>\n \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：<\/p>\n \n- \n
\u5927\u5185\u5bb9\u4f7f\u7528GridFS\u5b58\u50a8<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u62c6\u5206\u6587\u6863，\u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u7528\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u6876\u6a21\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n 4.2 \u8fc7\u5ea6\u5d4c\u5957<\/h4>\n\u95ee\u9898：\u8d85\u8fc7100\u5c42\u5d4c\u5957\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d<\/p>\n \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：<\/p>\n \n- \n
\u6241\u5e73\u5316\u6587\u6863\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u5c06\u6df1\u5c42\u5d4c\u5957\u90e8\u5206\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u6587\u6863<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b，\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5d4c\u5957<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n 4.3 N+1\u67e5\u8be2\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n\u95ee\u9898：\u5f15\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\u5bfc\u81f4\u591a\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：<\/p>\n \n- \n
\u9002\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528$lookup\u805a\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u8003\u8651\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u53cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7f13\u5b58\u5e38\u7528\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528$lookup\u89e3\u51b3N+1\u95ee\u9898
\ndb.orders.aggregate([
\n { $match: { user_id: ObjectId("user123") } },
\n { $lookup: {
\n from: "products",
\n localField: "items.product_id",
\n foreignField: "_id",
\n as: "product_details"
\n }
\n }
\n]) <\/p>\n \u4e94\u3001\u672a\u6765\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e0e\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n5.1 MongoDB\u65b0\u7279\u6027<\/h4>\n - \n
\u65f6\u5e8f\u96c6\u5408：\u4e13\u95e8\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u8054\u5408\u67e5\u8be2：\u8de8\u591a\u4e2a\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u80fd\u529b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u589e\u5f3a\u4e8b\u52a1\u652f\u6301：\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u591a\u6587\u6863ACID\u4e8b\u52a1<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u5206\u6790\u8282\u70b9：\u4e13\u7528\u5206\u6790\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u53ea\u8bfb\u8282\u70b9<\/p>\n<\/li>\n 5.2 \u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\nMongoDB\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u5e73\u8861\u827a\u672f，\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u3002\u5173\u952e\u8981\u70b9\u5305\u62ec：<\/p>\n - \n
\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u67e5\u8be2\u9700\u6c42\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u5408\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u5d4c\u5165\u4e0e\u5f15\u7528\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528MongoDB\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f18\u52bf<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
\u6301\u7eed\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n - \n
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