{"id":39869,"date":"2025-05-26T10:33:18","date_gmt":"2025-05-26T02:33:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/39869.html"},"modified":"2025-05-26T10:33:18","modified_gmt":"2025-05-26T02:33:18","slug":"k8s-statefulset-mysql-ha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/39869.html","title":{"rendered":"K8S-statefulset-mysql-ha"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u9700\u6c42<\/h2>\n

\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2aHA mysql，\u5305\u62ec1\u4e2amaster，2\u4e2aslave\u3002\u5728K8S\u4e0a\u5df2statefulset\u90e8\u7f72\u3002<\/p>\n

mysql HA\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n

\u7565<\/p>\n

K8S\u73af\u5883\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n

1\u3001\u7531\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2astatefulset\u914d\u7f6e，\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651master\u548cslave\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684cnf\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u4e0d\u540cpod\u4e4b\u95f4\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u5bb9\u5668\u91cd\u542f\u4e4b\u540e，\u6709\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

K8S\u90e8\u7f72<\/h2>\n

configmap<\/h3>\n

apiVersion<\/span>:<\/span> v1
\nkind<\/span>:<\/span> ConfigMap
\nmetadata<\/span>:<\/span>
\n name<\/span>:<\/span> mysql
\n labels<\/span>:<\/span>
\n app<\/span>:<\/span> mysql
\ndata<\/span>:<\/span>
\n master.cnf<\/span>:<\/span> |<\/span>
\n # Apply this config only on the master.
\n [mysqld]
\n log-bin<\/span>
\n slave.cnf<\/span>:<\/span> |<\/span>
\n # Apply this config only on slaves.
\n [mysqld]
\n super-read-only<\/span><\/p>\n

master.cnf\u7528\u4e8emaster\u8282\u70b9，slave.cnf\u7528\u4e8eslave\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

service<\/h3>\n

#\u5199\u8981\u901a\u8fc7mysql-0\u6765\u5199<\/span>
\napiVersion<\/span>:<\/span> v1
\nkind<\/span>:<\/span> Service
\nmetadata<\/span>:<\/span>
\n name<\/span>:<\/span> mysql
\n labels<\/span>:<\/span>
\n app<\/span>:<\/span> mysql
\nspec<\/span>:<\/span>
\n ports<\/span>:<\/span>
\n –<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> mysql
\n port<\/span>:<\/span> 3306<\/span>
\n clusterIP<\/span>:<\/span> None #\u4e0eservice\u4e0d\u540c<\/span>
\n selector<\/span>:<\/span>
\n app<\/span>:<\/span> mysql
\n—<\/span>
\n#\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb<\/span>
\napiVersion<\/span>:<\/span> v1
\nkind<\/span>:<\/span> Service
\nmetadata<\/span>:<\/span>
\n name<\/span>:<\/span> mysql–<\/span>read
\n labels<\/span>:<\/span>
\n app<\/span>:<\/span> mysql
\nspec<\/span>:<\/span>
\n ports<\/span>:<\/span>
\n –<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> mysql
\n port<\/span>:<\/span> 3306<\/span>
\n selector<\/span>:<\/span>
\n app<\/span>:<\/span> mysql<\/p>\n

statefulset<\/h3>\n

apiVersion<\/span>:<\/span> apps\/v1
\nkind<\/span>:<\/span> StatefulSet
\nmetadata<\/span>:<\/span>
\n name<\/span>:<\/span> mysql
\nspec<\/span>:<\/span>
\n selector<\/span>:<\/span>
\n matchLabels<\/span>:<\/span>
\n app<\/span>:<\/span> mysql
\n serviceName<\/span>:<\/span> mysql
\n replicas<\/span>:<\/span> 3<\/span>
\n template<\/span>:<\/span>
\n metadata<\/span>:<\/span>
\n labels<\/span>:<\/span>
\n app<\/span>:<\/span> mysql
\n spec<\/span>:<\/span>
\n#—————-\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bb9\u5668\u90e8\u5206—————– <\/span>
\n initContainers<\/span>:<\/span> \/\/pod\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9636\u6bb5，\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bb9\u5668
\n #=============== \u521d\u59cb\u5316mysql<\/span>
\n –<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> init–<\/span>mysql
\n image<\/span>:<\/span> reg.westos.org\/k8s\/mysql:<\/span>5.7<\/span>
\n command<\/span>:<\/span>
\n –<\/span> bash
\n –<\/span> "-c"<\/span>
\n –<\/span> |<\/span>
\n set -ex
\n # \u901a\u8fc7hostname\u521b\u5efa mysql server-id \u3002
\n [[ `hostname` =~ -([0-9]+)$ ]] || exit 1
\n ordinal=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
\n echo [mysqld] > \/mnt\/conf.d\/server-id.cnf
\n # Add an offset to avoid reserved server-id=0 value.
\n echo server-id=$((100 + $ordinal)) >> \/mnt\/conf.d\/server-id.cnf
\n # \u6839\u636epod\u5e8f\u53f7\u4ececonfigmap\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e0d\u540ccnf
\n if [[ $ordinal -eq 0 ]]; then
\n cp \/mnt\/config-map\/master.cnf \/mnt\/conf.d\/
\n else
\n cp \/mnt\/config-map\/slave.cnf \/mnt\/conf.d\/
\n fi<\/span>
\n volumeMounts<\/span>:<\/span>
\n –<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> conf #emptyDir\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6bcf\u6b21\u542f\u52a8pod\u90fd\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u751f\u6210，\u8fd9\u6837\u6bcf\u6b21configmap\u90fd\u4f1a\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/span>
\n mountPath<\/span>:<\/span> \/mnt\/conf.d
\n –<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> config–<\/span>map
\n mountPath<\/span>:<\/span> \/mnt\/config–<\/span>map
\n #==========\u62f7\u8d1d\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6 <\/span>
\n –<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> clone–<\/span>mysql \/\/\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bb9\u5668，\u4e3b\u4ece\u590d\u5236
\n image<\/span>:<\/span> reg.westos.org\/k8s\/xtrabackup:<\/span>1.0<\/span>
\n command<\/span>:<\/span>
\n –<\/span> bash
\n –<\/span> "-c"<\/span>
\n –<\/span> |<\/span>
\n set -ex
\n # \u6570\u636e\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u9000\u51fa.
\n [[ -d \/var\/lib\/mysql\/mysql ]] && exit 0
\n # master\u8282\u70b9 \u76f4\u63a5\u9000\u51fa (ordinal index 0).
\n [[ `hostname` =~ -([0-9]+)$ ]] || exit 1
\n ordinal=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
\n [[ $ordinal -eq 0 ]] && exit 0
\n # \u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9（\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9）\u62f7\u8d1d\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6. \u4ec5\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e，\u63a5\u6536\u5b8c\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u9000\u51fa\u3002
\n ncat –recv-only mysql-$(($ordinal-1)).mysql 3307 | xbstream -x -C \/var\/lib\/mysql
\n # \u51c6\u5907\u5907\u4efd\u4e3a\u540e\u9762\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u670d\u52a1.
\n xtrabackup –prepare –target-dir=\/var\/lib\/mysql<\/span>
\n volumeMounts<\/span>:<\/span>
\n –<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> data
\n mountPath<\/span>:<\/span> \/var\/lib\/mysql
\n subPath<\/span>:<\/span> mysql
\n –<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> conf
\n mountPath<\/span>:<\/span> \/etc\/mysql\/conf.d
\n#————–\u5bb9\u5668\u5b9a\u4e49\u90e8\u5206——————– <\/span>
\n containers<\/span>:<\/span>
\n #===========mysql\u5bb9\u5668<\/span>
\n –<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> mysql
\n image<\/span>:<\/span> reg.westos.org\/k8s\/mysql:<\/span>5.7<\/span>
\n env<\/span>:<\/span>
\n –<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD
\n value<\/span>:<\/span> "1"<\/span>
\n ports<\/span>:<\/span>
\n –<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> mysql
\n containerPort<\/span>:<\/span> 3306<\/span>
\n volumeMounts<\/span>:<\/span>
\n –<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> data
\n mountPath<\/span>:<\/span> \/var\/lib\/mysql
\n subPath<\/span>:<\/span> mysql
\n –<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> conf
\n mountPath<\/span>:<\/span> \/etc\/mysql\/conf.d
\n resources<\/span>:<\/span>
\n requests<\/span>:<\/span>
\n cpu<\/span>:<\/span> 500m
\n memory<\/span>:<\/span> 1Gi
\n livenessProbe<\/span>:<\/span>
\n exec<\/span>:<\/span>
\n command<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>"mysqladmin"<\/span>,<\/span> "ping"<\/span>]<\/span>
\n initialDelaySeconds<\/span>:<\/span> 30<\/span>
\n periodSeconds<\/span>:<\/span> 10<\/span>
\n timeoutSeconds<\/span>:<\/span> 5<\/span>
\n readinessProbe<\/span>:<\/span>
\n exec<\/span>:<\/span>
\n # Check we can execute queries over TCP (skip-networking is off).<\/span>
\n command<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>"mysql"<\/span>,<\/span> "-h"<\/span>,<\/span> "127.0.0.1"<\/span>,<\/span> "-e"<\/span>,<\/span> "SELECT 1"<\/span>]<\/span>
\n initialDelaySeconds<\/span>:<\/span> 5<\/span>
\n periodSeconds<\/span>:<\/span> 2<\/span>
\n timeoutSeconds<\/span>:<\/span> 1<\/span>
\n #========= \u5907\u4efd\u5bb9\u5668 <\/span>
\n –<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> xtrabackup
\n image<\/span>:<\/span> reg.westos.org\/k8s\/xtrabackup:<\/span>1.0<\/span>
\n ports<\/span>:<\/span>
\n –<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> xtrabackup
\n containerPort<\/span>:<\/span> 3307<\/span>
\n command<\/span>:<\/span>
\n –<\/span> bash
\n –<\/span> "-c"<\/span>
\n –<\/span> |<\/span>
\n set -ex
\n cd \/var\/lib\/mysql<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u4ece\u5907\u4efd\u4fe1\u606f\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u8bfb\u53d6MASTER_LOG_FILEM\u548cMASTER_LOG_POS\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c，\u7528\u6765\u62fc\u88c5\u96c6\u7fa4\u521d\u59cb\u5316SQL<\/span>
\n if [<\/span>[<\/span> –<\/span>f xtrabackup_slave_info &&<\/span> "x$(<xtrabackup_slave_info)" !=<\/span> "x" ]<\/span>]<\/span>; then
\n # \u5982\u679cxtrabackup_slave_info\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728，\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5907\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2aSlave\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/span>
\n #\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，XtraBackup\u5de5\u5177\u5728\u5907\u4efd\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u4e86"CHANGE MASTER TO" SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002<\/span>
\n #\u6240\u4ee5，\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e3achange_master_to.sql.in，\u540e\u9762\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u5373\u53ef<\/span>
\n # \u7531\u4e8e\u4eceslave\u8282\u70b9\u62f7\u8d1d，\u56e0\u6b64\u628a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u53bb\u6389\u3002<\/span>
\n cat xtrabackup_slave_info |<\/span> sed –<\/span>E 's\/;$\/\/g' ><\/span> change_master_to.sql.in
\n # \u5c31\u7528\u4e0d\u7740xtrabackup_binlog_info\u4e86，\u5220\u9664<\/span>
\n rm –<\/span>f xtrabackup_slave_info xtrabackup_binlog_info
\n elif [<\/span>[<\/span> –<\/span>f xtrabackup_binlog_info ]<\/span>]<\/span>; then
\n #\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u5b58\u5728xtrabackup_binlog_inf\u6587\u4ef6，\u90a3\u8bf4\u660e\u5907\u4efd\u6765\u81ea\u4e8eMaster\u8282\u70b9，<\/span>
\n #\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u6790\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5907\u4efd\u4fe1\u606f\u6587\u4ef6，\u8bfb\u53d6MASTER_LOG_FILEM\u548cMASTER_LOG_POS\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c<\/span>
\n [<\/span>[<\/span> `cat xtrabackup_binlog_info` =~ ^(.*?)<\/span>[<\/span>[<\/span>:<\/span>space:<\/span>]<\/span>]<\/span>+(.*?)$<\/span> ]<\/span>]<\/span> |<\/span>|<\/span> exit 1
\n #\u5220\u9664\u4e0d\u7528\u4e86<\/span>
\n rm –<\/span>f xtrabackup_binlog_info xtrabackup_slave_info
\n echo "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='${<\/span>BASH_REMATCH[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span>}<\/span>',<\/span>\\\\
\n MASTER_LOG_POS=${<\/span>BASH_REMATCH[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span>}<\/span>" ><\/span> change_master_to.sql.in
\n fi<\/p>\n

# \u5982\u679cchange_master_to.sql.in\u5b58\u5728，\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9700\u8981\u505a\u96c6\u7fa4\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span>
\n if [<\/span>[<\/span> –<\/span>f change_master_to.sql.in ]<\/span>]<\/span>; then
\n #\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5148\u7b49MySQL\u5bb9\u5668\u542f\u52a8\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u8fde\u63a5MySQL\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span>
\n echo "Waiting for mysqld to be ready (accepting connections)"
\n until mysql –<\/span>h 127.0.0.1 –<\/span>e "SELECT 1"; do sleep 1; done<\/p>\n

echo "Initializing replication from clone position"
\n # \u4f7f\u7528change_master_to.sql.in\u7684\u5185\u5bb9，\u62fc\u88c5SQL，\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u548c\u542f\u52a8Slave\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5<\/span>
\n mysql –<\/span>h 127.0.0.1 \\\\
\n –<\/span>e "$(<change_master_to.sql.in),<\/span> \\\\
\n MASTER_HOST='mysql–<\/span>0.mysql',<\/span> \\\\
\n MASTER_USER='root',<\/span> \\\\
\n MASTER_PASSWORD='',<\/span> \\\\
\n MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY=10; \\\\
\n START SLAVE;" |<\/span>|<\/span> exit 1
\n # \u5c06\u6587\u4ef6change_master_to.sql.in\u6539\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57，\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u4e2aContainer\u91cd\u542f\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u56e0\u4e3a\u53c8\u627e\u5230\u4e86change_master_to.sql.in，\u4ece\u800c\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u904d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6d41\u7a0b<\/span>
\n mv change_master_to.sql.in change_master_to.sql.orig
\n fi<\/p>\n

#\u4f7f\u7528ncat\u76d1\u542c3307\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f，\u5728\u6536\u5230\u4f20\u8f93\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c"xtrabackup –backup"\u547d\u4ee4，\u5907\u4efdMySQL\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u8bf7\u6c42\u8005<\/span>
\n exec ncat –<\/span>–<\/span>listen –<\/span>–<\/span>keep–<\/span>open –<\/span>–<\/span>send–<\/span>only –<\/span>–<\/span>max–<\/span>conns=1 3307 –<\/span>c \\\\
\n "xtrabackup –<\/span>–<\/span>backup –<\/span>–<\/span>slave–<\/span>info –<\/span>–<\/span>stream=xbstream –<\/span>–<\/span>host=127.0.0.1 –<\/span>–<\/span>user=root"
\n volumeMounts<\/span>:<\/span>
\n –<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> data
\n mountPath<\/span>:<\/span> \/var\/lib\/mysql
\n subPath<\/span>:<\/span> mysql
\n –<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> conf
\n mountPath<\/span>:<\/span> \/etc\/mysql\/conf.d
\n resources<\/span>:<\/span>
\n requests<\/span>:<\/span>
\n cpu<\/span>:<\/span> 100m
\n memory<\/span>:<\/span> 100Mi
\n volumes<\/span>:<\/span>
\n –<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> conf
\n emptyDir<\/span>:<\/span> {<\/span>}<\/span>
\n –<\/span> name<\/span>:<\/span> config–<\/span>map
\n configMap<\/span>:<\/span>
\n name<\/span>:<\/span> mysql
\n#—————\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u90e8\u5206—————– <\/span>
\n volumeClaimTemplates<\/span>:<\/span>
\n –<\/span> metadata<\/span>:<\/span>
\n name<\/span>:<\/span> data
\n spec<\/span>:<\/span>
\n accessModes<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>"ReadWriteOnce"<\/span>]<\/span>
\n resources<\/span>:<\/span>
\n requests<\/span>:<\/span>
\n storage<\/span>:<\/span> 10Gi<\/p>\n

\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n

\u90e8\u7f72\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n

\"image-20210407171052689\" <\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528statefulset\u90e8\u7f72pod，headless service \u8bbf\u95ee\u670d\u52a1\u3002service \u8bbf\u95eeread\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

init-mysql\u5bb9\u5668<\/h4>\n

init-mysql\u5bb9\u5668\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u6210server-id\u548c\u62f7\u8d1dcnf\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bb9\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u5bb9\u5668\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u76ee\u5f55，\u56e0\u6b64\u6bcf\u6b21\u542f\u52a8pod，\u5bb9\u5668\u90fd\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u3002server-id\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

clone-mysql\u5bb9\u5668<\/h4>\n

\u5bb9\u5668\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u62f7\u8d1d\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u5230 slave\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

mysql\u5bb9\u5668<\/h4>\n

mysql\u8fd0\u884c\u5bb9\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

xtrabackup\u5bb9\u5668<\/h4>\n

\u5907\u4efd\u8fd8\u539f\u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n

\u5171\u4eab\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n

conf \u76ee\u5f55 \u6302\u8f7d\u5728init-mysql\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\/mnt\/conf.d\u76ee\u5f55，clone-mysql\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\/etc\/mysql\/conf.d\u76ee\u5f55，，mysql\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\/etc\/mysql\/conf.d\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6b64\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u5171\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

ncat<\/h4>\n

\u8bf4\u8d77ncat\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e0bNetcat\u3002Netcat\u7528\u4e8e\u4eceTCP\/UDP\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u53d1\u9001\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u3002cat\u662fLinux\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u6216\u8fde\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u547d\u4ee4，\u6240\u4ee5netcat\u672c\u610f\u4e3a\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u955c\u50cf\u8bf4\u660e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n