{"id":39856,"date":"2025-05-26T10:33:07","date_gmt":"2025-05-26T02:33:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/39856.html"},"modified":"2025-05-26T10:33:07","modified_gmt":"2025-05-26T02:33:07","slug":"linux-%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e6%a0%b8%e5%bf%83%e5%ba%93-%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e6%80%81%e7%a8%8b%e5%ba%8f%e8%bf%90%e8%a1%8c%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e7%9f%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/39856.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u5e38\u7528\u6838\u5fc3\u5e93----\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u57fa\u77f3"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u662f Linux \u7cfb\u7edf（\u7279\u522b\u662f x86 \u67b6\u6784）\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93（Shared Libraries），\u7528\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca：  1. \u6838\u5fc3 C \u5e93（Glibc \u76f8\u5173） libc.so.6 \u2022 \u4f5c\u7528：GNU C \u6807\u51c6\u5e93（Glibc），\u63d0\u4f9b \u57fa\u672c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6587\u4ef6 I\/O\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u3002 \u2022 \u4f9d\u8d56：\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709 Linux \u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u5b83\u3002 \u2022 \u8def\u5f84：\/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/libc.so.6（Debian\/Ubuntu）\u6216 \/lib64\/libc.so.6（CentOS）\u3002 libpthread.so.0 \u2022 \u4f5c\u7528：POSIX \u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e93（pthread），\u63d0\u4f9b \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u652f\u6301（\u5982\u7ebf\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u540c\u6b65\u9501）\u3002 \u2022 \u73b0\u4ee3\u66ff\u4ee3：Glibc \u5df2\u5c06\u5176\u5408\u5e76\u5230 libc.so.6（\u901a\u8fc7 -lpthread \u94fe\u63a5），\u4f46\u4fdd\u7559\u7b26\u53f7\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u3002 libdl.so.2 \u2022 \u4f5c\u7528：\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u5e93（dlopen\/dlsym），\u652f\u6301 \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u52a0\u8f7d\u5171\u4eab\u5e93（\u5982\u63d2\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf）\u3002 \u2022 \u5178\u578b\u8c03\u7528：<\/p>\n

void* handle = dlopen("mylib.so", RTLD_LAZY);
\nvoid (*func)() = dlsym(handle, "my_function"); <\/p>\n

libm.so.6 \u2022 \u4f5c\u7528：\u6570\u5b66\u5e93（math），\u63d0\u4f9b \u6d6e\u70b9\u8fd0\u7b97\u3001\u4e09\u89d2\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u5bf9\u6570\u7b49\u6570\u5b66\u51fd\u6570\u3002 \u2022 \u94fe\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f：\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u9700\u663e\u5f0f\u52a0 -lm（\u5982 gcc prog.c -lm）\u3002  2. \u52a0\u5bc6\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u5e93 libcrypt.so.1 \u2022 \u4f5c\u7528：\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u51fd\u6570\u5e93（\u5982 crypt()），\u7528\u4e8e \u5bc6\u7801\u54c8\u5e0c（\u5982 \/etc\/shadow \u4e2d\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u5b58\u50a8）\u3002 \u2022 \u73b0\u4ee3\u66ff\u4ee3：\u90e8\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf\u6539\u7528 libxcrypt（\u5982 libcrypt.so.2）\u3002 libfreebl3.so \u2022 \u4f5c\u7528：NSS（Network Security Services）\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u52a0\u5bc6\u5e93，\u63d0\u4f9b AES\u3001RSA\u3001SHA \u7b49\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002 \u2022 \u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e：Firefox\u3001Chromium \u7b49\u4f9d\u8d56 NSS \u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002  3. \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5668 ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 \u2022 \u4f5c\u7528：\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\/\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668（Runtime Linker），\u8d1f\u8d23 \u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u52a0\u8f7d\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e93\u3002 \u2022 \u8def\u5f84：\/lib64\/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2（x86_64 \u7cfb\u7edf）\u3002 \u2022 \u67e5\u770b\u4f9d\u8d56：<\/p>\n

ldd \/bin\/ls # \u663e\u793a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u5e93 <\/p>\n

linux-vdso.so.1 \u2022 \u4f5c\u7528：\u865a\u62df\u52a8\u6001\u5171\u4eab\u5bf9\u8c61（Virtual Dynamic Shared Object），\u7531\u5185\u6838\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u4f9b，\u7528\u4e8e \u52a0\u901f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528（\u5982 gettimeofday）\u3002 \u2022 \u7279\u70b9：\u65e0\u5b9e\u9645\u6587\u4ef6，\u7531\u5185\u6838\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002  4. \u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u5177\u5e93 libutil.so.1 \u2022 \u4f5c\u7528：\u5b9e\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5e93，\u63d0\u4f9b \u7ec8\u7aef\u63a7\u5236（\u5982 login_tty）\u3001\u4f2a\u7ec8\u7aef（PTY）\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b49\u3002 \u2022 \u5178\u578b\u7528\u6237：login\u3001ssh \u7b49\u9700\u8981\u7ec8\u7aef\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002  \u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3 Q1：\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u63d0\u793a libxxx.so not found？ \u2022 \u539f\u56e0：\u5e93\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u6216\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u5728 LD_LIBRARY_PATH \u4e2d\u3002 \u2022 \u89e3\u51b3：<\/p>\n

# \u67e5\u627e\u5e93\u662f\u5426\u5b89\u88c5
\nfind \/ -name "libcrypt.so*"
\n# \u5b89\u88c5\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u5e93（\u4ee5 Debian \u4e3a\u4f8b）
\nsudo apt install libc6 libcrypt1 <\/p>\n

Q2：\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770b\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u51fd\u6570？ \u2022 \u4f7f\u7528 nm \u6216 objdump<\/p>\n

nm -D \/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/libc.so.6 | grep "printf"
\nobjdump -T \/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/libm.so.6 | grep "sin" <\/p>\n

Q3：\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709 libxxx.so.1 \u548c libxxx.so.1.1？ \u2022 \u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236： \u25e6 libxxx.so.1 \u662f\u4e3b\u7248\u672c\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5，\u6307\u5411 libxxx.so.1.1（\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0）\u3002 \u25e6 \u4fdd\u8bc1\u517c\u5bb9\u6027：\u7a0b\u5e8f\u94fe\u63a5 libxxx.so.1，\u5373\u4f7f\u5e93\u5347\u7ea7\u5230 1.2 \u4ecd\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u3002  \u603b\u7ed3\u8868 \u5e93\u6587\u4ef6 \u529f\u80fd \u5178\u578b\u4f9d\u8d56\u7a0b\u5e8f libc.so.6 C \u6807\u51c6\u5e93（\u57fa\u7840\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528） \u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f libpthread.so.0 \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u652f\u6301 \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e94\u7528（\u5982 Nginx） libdl.so.2 \u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u5e93 \u63d2\u4ef6\u5316\u8f6f\u4ef6（\u5982 Python） libm.so.6 \u6570\u5b66\u51fd\u6570 \u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u56fe\u5f62\u5904\u7406 libcrypt.so.1 \u5bc6\u7801\u54c8\u5e0c passwd\u3001\u767b\u5f55\u9a8c\u8bc1 libfreebl3.so \u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5（NSS） \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3001VPN \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 \u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5668 \u6240\u6709\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u7a0b\u5e8f linux-vdso.so.1 \u5185\u6838\u52a0\u901f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528 \u65e0\u6587\u4ef6，\u5185\u6838\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u4f9b \u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u662f Linux \u7528\u6237\u6001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u57fa\u77f3，\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8c03\u8bd5\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u8fdb\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u5f00\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb329\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e2\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf6\u6b21\u3002Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f x86 \u67b6\u6784\uff09\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[58],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-39856","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-linux"],"yoast_head":"\nLinux \u7cfb\u7edf\u5e38\u7528\u6838\u5fc3\u5e93-\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u57fa\u77f3 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/39856.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u5e38\u7528\u6838\u5fc3\u5e93-\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u57fa\u77f3 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb329\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e2\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf6\u6b21\u3002Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f x86 \u67b6\u6784\uff09\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/39856.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-05-26T02:33:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/39856.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/39856.html\",\"name\":\"Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u5e38\u7528\u6838\u5fc3\u5e93-\u7528\u6237\u6001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u57fa\u77f3 - 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