{"id":39789,"date":"2025-05-25T22:08:53","date_gmt":"2025-05-25T14:08:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/39789.html"},"modified":"2025-05-25T22:08:53","modified_gmt":"2025-05-25T14:08:53","slug":"python-%e7%88%ac%e8%99%ab%e4%b9%8brequests-%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97%e7%9a%84%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/39789.html","title":{"rendered":"Python \u722c\u866b\u4e4brequests \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5e94\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"

requests \u662f\u7528 python \u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684HTTP\u5e93，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 requests \u5e93\u7f16\u5199 python \u4ee3\u7801\u53d1\u9001\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528，\u662f\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u5fc5\u77e5\u5fc5\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

requests \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u53d1\u9001\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42，\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u6863：\u00a0https:\/\/docs.python-requests.org\/zh_CN\/latest\/index.html<\/span><\/p>\n

requests \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5b89\u88c5<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u5b89\u88c5\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u4e0b：<\/span><\/p>\n

pip install<\/span> requests<\/p>\n

\u6216\u8005<\/p>\n

pip install<\/span> requests -i https:\/\/pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\/simple
\n<\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u5b89\u88c5\u8fd0\u884c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a：<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5b89\u88c5\u597d\u7684 requests \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/p>\n

pip show requests
\n<\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u8fd0\u884c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a：<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

requests \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9：<\/span><\/h5>\n
    \n
  • \u638c\u63e1 requests \u53d1\u9001 GET \u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n
  • \u638c\u63e1 response \u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5c5e\u6027<\/li>\n
  • \u638c\u63e1 response.text \u548c response.content \u7684\u533a\u522b<\/li>\n
  • \u638c\u63e1 requests \u53d1\u9001\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/li>\n
  • \u638c\u63e1 requests \u53d1\u9001\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u7684get\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \n

    1. requests \u53d1\u9001 GET \u8bf7\u6c42<\/span><\/h4>\n

    \u4f7f\u7528 requests \u6a21\u5757\u53d1\u9001 GET \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f:\u00a0requests.get(url)<\/span>, \u8c03\u7528\u5b8c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u540e\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0response<\/span>\u00a0\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u9700\u6c42：\u901a\u8fc7 requests \u5411\u767e\u5ea6\u9996\u9875\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42，\u83b7\u53d6\u767e\u5ea6\u9996\u9875\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    # 1. \u5bfc\u5165request\u6a21\u5757
    \nimport requests<\/p>\n

    # 2. \u51c6\u5907\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740
    \nurl = 'https:\/\/www.baidu.com'<\/p>\n

    # 3. \u5411\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u9001get\u8bf7\u6c42
    \nresponse = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n

    # 4. \u6253\u5370\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9
    \nprint(response.text) <\/p>\n

    \u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b：<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    2. response \u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61<\/span><\/h4>\n

    \u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0a\u8fb9\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0，\u6709\u597d\u591a\u4e71\u7801；\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f16\u89e3\u7801\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e0d\u540c\u65e9\u9020\u6210\u7684；\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u8fb9\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u4e2d\u6587\u4e71\u7801\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:<\/span><\/p>\n

    # 1. \u5bfc\u5165request\u6a21\u5757
    \nimport requests<\/p>\n

    # 2. \u51c6\u5907\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740
    \nurl = 'https:\/\/www.baidu.com'<\/p>\n

    # 3. \u5411\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u9001get\u8bf7\u6c42
    \nresponse = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n

    # 4. \u6253\u5370\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9
    \n# print(response.text)
    \nprint(response.content.decode()) # \u539f\u59cb\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9，\u7c7b\u578bbytes:\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u7801\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

    # \u6ce8\u610f：\u722c\u866b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u5b58cookie,\u722c\u866b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u643a\u5e26cookie <\/p>\n

    \u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    2.1 response.content \u548c response.text \u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h5>\n

    response.content<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b： bytes<\/li>\n
    • \u89e3\u7801\u7c7b\u578b： \u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a，\u539f\u59cb\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9，\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u7801<\/li>\n
    • \u6307\u5b9a\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f：\u00a0response.content.decode('\u6307\u5b9a\u7f16\u7801\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6')<\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u6ce8\u610f：\u00a0response.content.decode()<\/span>\u00a0\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528 utf-8 \u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      response.text<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b： str<\/li>\n
      • \u89e3\u7801\u7c7b\u578b： requests \u6a21\u5757\u81ea\u52a8\u6839\u636e HTTP \u5934\u90e8\u5bf9\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u4f5c\u51fa\u6709\u6839\u636e\u7684\u63a8\u6d4b，\u63a8\u6d4b\u7684\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u7801<\/li>\n
      • response.text = response.content.decode('\u63a8\u6d4b\u51fa\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6')<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6e90\u7801\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

          \n
        • response.content.decode()<\/li>\n
        • response.content.decode('gbk')<\/li>\n
        • response.text<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ece\u524d\u5f80\u540e\u5c1d\u8bd5，\u80fd\u591f100%\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u6240\u6709\u7f51\u9875\u89e3\u7801\u7684\u95ee\u9898, \u63a8\u8350\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528:\u00a0response.content.decode()<\/span><\/p>\n

          2.2 response \u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h5>\n
            \n
          • response.url\u00a0: \u54cd\u5e94\u7684url\u5730\u5740，\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u54cd\u5e94\u7684 url \u5730\u5740\u548c\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684 url \u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/li>\n
          • response.status_code\u00a0: \u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n
          • response.request.headers\u00a0: \u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
          • response.headers\u00a0: \u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
          • response.request._cookies\u00a0: \u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u5e94\u8bf7\u6c42\u643a\u5e26\u7684cookie，\u8fd4\u56decookieJar\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n
          • response.cookies\u00a0: \u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684 cookie，\u8fd4\u56decookieJar\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n
          • response.json()\u00a0: \u81ea\u52a8\u5c06 json \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a python \u5bf9\u8c61(dict or list)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n

            # 1. \u5bfc\u5165request\u6a21\u5757
            \nimport requests<\/p>\n

            # 2. \u51c6\u5907\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740
            \nurl = 'https:\/\/www.baidu.com'<\/p>\n

            # 3. \u5411\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u9001get\u8bf7\u6c42
            \nresponse = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n

            # 4. \u6253\u5370\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9
            \nprint(response.url) # \u6253\u5370\u54cd\u5e94\u7684url
            \nprint(response.status_code) # \u6253\u5370\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801
            \nprint(response.request.headers) # \u6253\u5370\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934
            \nprint(response.headers) # \u6253\u5370\u54cd\u5e94\u5934
            \nprint(response.request._cookies) # \u6253\u5370\u8bf7\u6c42\u643a\u5e26\u7684cookies
            \nprint(response.cookies) # \u6253\u5370\u54cd\u5e94\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684cookies<\/p>\n

            \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n

            \"\"<\/p>\n

            2.3 \u7ec3\u4e60-\u4fdd\u5b58\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u7247<\/h5>\n

            \u9700\u6c42： \u5c06\u56fe\u7247https:\/\/i-blog.csdnimg.cn\/direct\/d145c8acdfac46f0bf9ab2c9316c22e0.png\u00a0\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u672c\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u601d\u8003：<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u4fdd\u5b58\u4ec0\u4e48\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u5206\u6790：<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \u56fe\u7247\u7684url\u5730\u5740：\u00a0https:\/\/i-blog.csdnimg.cn\/direct\/d145c8acdfac46f0bf9ab2c9316c22e0.png<\/li>\n
              • \u5229\u7528 requests \u6a21\u5757\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42，\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/li>\n
              • \u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6，\u5e76\u5c06 response \u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5185\u5bb9\u5199\u5165\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n

                # 1. \u5bfc\u5165request\u6a21\u5757
                \nimport requests<\/p>\n

                # 2. \u51c6\u5907\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740
                \nurl = 'https:\/\/i-blog.csdnimg.cn\/direct\/d145c8acdfac46f0bf9ab2c9316c22e0.png'<\/p>\n

                # 3. \u5411\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u9001get\u8bf7\u6c42
                \nresponse = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n

                # 4. \u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6，\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d
                \nwith open('itcast.png', 'wb') as f:
                \n # \u5199\u5165\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e
                \n f.write(response.content)<\/p>\n

                \u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

                \"\"<\/p>\n

                \u56fe\u7247\u5df2\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n

                2.4\u00a0\u7ec3\u4e60-\u4fdd\u5b58\u591a\u5f20\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u7247<\/h5>\n

                \u00a0\u9700\u6c42： \u5c06\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u672c\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u5730\u5740：https:\/\/www.tupianzj.com\/meinv\/20210219\/224797.html<\/p>\n

                \u601d\u8003：<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n
                • \u4fdd\u5b58\u4ec0\u4e48\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u5206\u6790：<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \u00a0\u2460 \u5148\u8bf7\u6c42 https:\/\/www.tupianzj.com\/meinv\/20210219\/224797.html，\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n
                  • \u00a0\u2461 \u4ece\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n
                  • \u00a0\u2462 \u904d\u5386\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u7247\u5730\u5740，\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fe\u7247\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4fdd\u5b58\u6210\u56fe\u7247\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n

                    import re
                    \nimport requests<\/p>\n

                    # \u601d\u8def
                    \n# \u2460 \u5148\u8bf7\u6c42 https:\/\/www.tupianzj.com\/meinv\/20210219\/224797.html，\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9
                    \n# \u2461 \u4ece\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u5730\u5740
                    \n# \u2462 \u904d\u5386\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u7247\u5730\u5740，\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fe\u7247\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4fdd\u5b58\u6210\u56fe\u7247\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

                    # \u2460 \u5148\u8bf7\u6c42 https:\/\/www.tupianzj.com\/meinv\/20210219\/224797.html，\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9
                    \nurl = 'https:\/\/www.tupianzj.com\/meinv\/20210219\/224797.html'
                    \n# \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42
                    \nresponse = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n

                    # \u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5bb9
                    \nhtml_str = response.content.decode('')
                    \nHTML1 = response.text
                    \nprint(html_str)
                    \nprint(HTML1)
                    \n# \u2461 \u4ece\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u5730\u5740
                    \nimage_url_list = re.findall('<img src="(.*?)"', html_str)
                    \n# \u53bb\u9664\u6700\u540e\u65e0\u6548\u5730\u5740
                    \nimage_url_list = image_url_list[:-1]
                    \nprint(image_url_list)<\/p>\n

                    # \u2462 \u904d\u5386\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u7247\u5730\u5740，\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fe\u7247\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4fdd\u5b58\u6210\u56fe\u7247\u6587\u4ef6
                    \nfor image_url in image_url_list:
                    \n # \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42
                    \n image_response = requests.get(image_url)<\/p>\n

                    # \u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u4fdd\u5b58\u6210\u672c\u5730\u56fe\u7247
                    \n filename = image_url[-10:]
                    \n with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
                    \n f.write(image_response.content)<\/p>\n

                    print('\u4fdd\u5b58\u56fe\u7247\u5b8c\u6bd5!!!') <\/p>\n

                    \"\"<\/h4>\n

                    3. requests \u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934<\/h4>\n

                    \u5728\u6700\u5f00\u59cb，\u6211\u4eec\u4e66\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801，\u83b7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u767e\u5ea6\u9996\u9875\u7684\u5185\u5bb9:<\/p>\n

                    # 1. \u5bfc\u5165request\u6a21\u5757
                    \nimport requests<\/p>\n

                    # 2. \u51c6\u5907\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740
                    \nurl = 'https:\/\/www.baidu.com'<\/p>\n

                    # 3. \u5411\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u9001get\u8bf7\u6c42
                    \nresponse = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n

                    # 4. \u6253\u5370\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9
                    \nprint(response.content.decode())<\/p>\n

                    \u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

                    \"\"<\/p>\n

                    \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765，\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e00\u4e0b，\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u67e5\u770b\u7684\u767e\u5ea6\u7684\u6e90\u7801\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u6e90\u7801\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n

                    \u6253\u5f00\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668，\u8bbf\u95ee\u767e\u5ea6\u9996\u9875，\u7136\u540e \u9f20\u6807\u53f3\u952e –> \u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u9875\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n

                    \"\"<\/p>\n

                    \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230，\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u767e\u5ea6\u9996\u9875\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8981\u6bd4\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8981\u591a\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462？<\/p>\n

                    \u56de\u987e\u722c\u866b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5：\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668，\u6b3a\u9a97\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5185\u5bb9， \u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5e26\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

                    \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4fe1\u606f：\u9f20\u6807\u53f3\u952e –> \u68c0\u67e5 –> \u6253\u5f00Network –> \u5730\u5740\u680f\u8bbf\u95ee\u767e\u5ea6，\u6293\u5305，\u67e5\u770b\u8bf7\u6c42\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n

                    \"\"<\/p>\n

                    \u518d\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0response.requests.headers\u00a0\u67e5\u770b\u4f7f\u7528 requests \u6a21\u5757\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4fe1\u606f:<\/p>\n

                    # 1.\u5bfc\u5165request\u6a21\u5757
                    \nimport requests<\/p>\n

                    # 2.\u51c6\u5907\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740
                    \nurl = 'http:\/\/www.baidu.com'<\/p>\n

                    # 3.\u5411\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740
                    \n# \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42
                    \nresponse = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n

                    # \u67e5\u770b\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934
                    \nprint(response.request.headers) <\/p>\n

                    \"\"<\/p>\n

                    \u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e00\u4e0b，\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684，\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684 User-Agent \u548c \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837，\u524d\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8bf4\u8fc7，User-Agent \u662f\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u6807\u8bc6，\u800c\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u662f\u00a0python-requets\/2.25.1\u00a0\u8fd9\u6837\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n

                    3.1 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h5>\n

                    response = requests.get(url, headers={})<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • headers \u53c2\u6570\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934<\/li>\n
                    • \u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u7684 key，\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u7684 value\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \u4f8b\u5982：<\/p>\n

                      User-Agent: Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/90.0.4430.85 Safari\/537.36<\/p>\n

                      \u4f5c\u4e3a headers \u7684\u53c2\u6570，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

                      {"User-Agent": "Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/90.0.4430.85 Safari\/537.36"}<\/p>\n

                      3.2 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h5>\n

                      # 1. \u5bfc\u5165request\u6a21\u5757
                      \nimport requests<\/p>\n

                      # 2. \u51c6\u5907\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740
                      \nurl = 'https:\/\/www.baidu.com'
                      \n# \u51c6\u5907\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u5b57\u5178
                      \nheaders = {
                      \n "User-Agent": "Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/90.0.4430.85 Safari\/537.36"
                      \n}<\/p>\n

                      # 3. \u5411\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u9001get\u8bf7\u6c42
                      \nresponse = requests.get(url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n

                      # 4. \u67e5\u770b\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4fe1\u606f
                      \nprint(response.request.headers)<\/p>\n

                      # 5. \u6253\u5370\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9
                      \nprint(response.content.decode())<\/p>\n

                      \u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a：<\/p>\n

                      \"\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

                      \u5f88\u660e\u663e，\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u6e90\u7801\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

                      4. \u53d1\u9001\u5e26\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n

                      \u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u767e\u5ea6\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0 URL \u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0?\u00a0，\u8be5\u95ee\u53f7\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570，\u53c8\u53eb\u505a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \"\"<\/p>\n

                      \u6ce8\u610f：\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3akey=value\u7684\u683c\u5f0f，\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528 & \u7b26\u53f7\u8fde\u63a5，\u4f8b\u5982：https:\/\/tieba.baidu.com\/f?ie=utf-8&kw=python&fr=search\u3002<\/p>\n

                      4.1 requests\u8bf7\u6c42\u643a\u5e26\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h5>\n

                      \u8bed\u6cd5\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n

                      response = requests.get(url, params={})<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • params\u53c2\u6570\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/li>\n
                      • \u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d，\u7b49\u53f7\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u7684 key，\u7b49\u53f7\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u7684 value\u3002<\/li>\n
                      • \u6ce8\u610f\u70b9：\u5728url\u5730\u5740\u4e2d， \u5f88\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u7684，\u6bd4\u5982\u767e\u5ea6\u641c\u7d22\u7684url\u5730\u5740，\u5176\u4e2d\u53c2\u6570\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u6709\u7528，\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\u6709\u7528\u6216\u8005\u6ca1\u7528：\u6328\u4e2a\u5c1d\u8bd5！\u00a0\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684，\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u722c\u866b\u4e2d，\u9047\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u53c2\u6570\u7684url\u5730\u5740，\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5220\u9664\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                        4.2 \u53d1\u9001\u5e26\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h5>\n

                        \u9700\u6c42：\u5b9e\u73b0\u5728\u767e\u5ea6\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22 csdn<\/p>\n

                        \u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f1：\u5bf9\u00a0\u767e\u5ea6\u5b89\u5168\u9a8c\u8bc1\u00a0\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 requests.get(url, params=kw) \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n

                        \u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a:<\/p>\n

                        # 1. \u5bfc\u5165request\u6a21\u5757
                        \nimport requests<\/p>\n

                        # 2. \u51c6\u5907\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740
                        \nurl = 'https:\/\/www.baidu.com\/s?'
                        \n# \u51c6\u5907\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u5b57\u5178
                        \nheaders = {
                        \n "User-Agent": "Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/90.0.4430.85 Safari\/537.36"
                        \n}
                        \n# \u51c6\u5907\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5b57\u5178
                        \nparams = {
                        \n "wd": "\u5357\u4eac"
                        \n}<\/p>\n

                        # 3. \u5411\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u9001get\u8bf7\u6c42
                        \nresponse = requests.get(url, headers=headers, params=params)<\/p>\n

                        # 4. \u6253\u5370\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5bb9
                        \nprint(response.content.decode())<\/p>\n

                        \u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a：<\/p>\n

                        \"\"<\/p>\n

                        \u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f2：\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u00a0\u767e\u5ea6\u5b89\u5168\u9a8c\u8bc1\u00a0\u5b8c\u6574\u7684url\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u8bf7\u6c42，\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528 params \u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n

                        \u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n

                        # 1. \u5bfc\u5165request\u6a21\u5757
                        \nimport requests<\/p>\n

                        # 2. \u51c6\u5907\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740
                        \nurl = 'https:\/\/www.baidu.com\/s?wd=\u5357\u4eac'
                        \n# \u51c6\u5907\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u5b57\u5178
                        \nheaders = {
                        \n "User-Agent": "Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/90.0.4430.85 Safari\/537.36"
                        \n}<\/p>\n

                        # 3. \u5411\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u9001get\u8bf7\u6c42
                        \nresponse = requests.get(url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n

                        # 4. \u6253\u5370\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5bb9
                        \nprint(response.content.decode())<\/p>\n

                        \u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a：<\/p>\n

                        \"\"<\/p>\n

                        \n

                        \u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n
                          \n
                        • requests \u53d1\u9001 GET \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5：\u00a0requests.get(url)<\/span><\/li>\n
                        • response \u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\n
                            \n
                          • response.text:<\/span>\u00a0\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7c7b\u578b，\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e71\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n
                          • response.content:\u00a0<\/span>\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0response.content.decode()\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n
                          • response.url\u00a0: \u54cd\u5e94\u7684url\u5730\u5740，\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u54cd\u5e94\u7684 url \u5730\u5740\u548c\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684 url \u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/li>\n
                          • response.status_code\u00a0: \u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n
                          • response.request.headers\u00a0: \u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
                          • response.headers\u00a0: \u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
                          • response.request._cookies\u00a0: \u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u5e94\u8bf7\u6c42\u643a\u5e26\u7684cookie，\u8fd4\u56decookieJar\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n
                          • response.cookies\u00a0: \u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684 cookie，\u8fd4\u56decookieJar\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n
                          • response.json()\u00a0: \u81ea\u52a8\u5c06 json \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a python \u5bf9\u8c61(dict or list)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                          • \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u7684\u76ee\u7684： \u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668，\u62ff\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n
                          • \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5：\u00a0requests.get(url, headers={})\u3002<\/span><\/li>\n
                          • \u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u683c\u5f0f:\u00a0\u4ee5 ? \u5f00\u59cb，key=value \u7684\u683c\u5f0f，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528 & \u7b26\u53f7\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n
                          • \u53d1\u9001\u5e26\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u8bed\u6cd5：\u00a0requests.get(url, params={})<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            requests \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n

                            \u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9：<\/h5>\n
                              \n
                            • \u4e86\u89e3 GET \u548c POST \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/li>\n
                            • \u638c\u63e1 \u4f7f\u7528 requests \u53d1\u9001 POST \u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n
                            • \u4e86\u89e3 \u4ee3\u7406IP\u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/li>\n
                            • \u638c\u63e1 requests \u6a21\u5757\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406IP\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                              \n

                              1. requests \u6a21\u5757\u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n

                              \u601d\u8003: \u90a3\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5230 POST \u8bf7\u6c42？<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • \u767b\u5f55\u6ce8\u518c：POST \u6bd4 GET \u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/li>\n
                              • \u9700\u8981\u4f20\u8f93\u5927\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u65f6\u5019，POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u957f\u5ea6\u6ca1\u6709\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                \u6240\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684，\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u722c\u866b\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u4f1a\u53bb\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u53d1\u9001post\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

                                \u8865\u5145：GET \u8bf7\u6c42\u548c POST \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/p>\n\nGETPOST<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                \u540e\u9000\u6309\u94ae\/\u5237\u65b0<\/td>\n\u65e0\u5bb3<\/td>\n\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u63d0\u4ea4（\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5e94\u8be5\u544a\u77e5\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u63d0\u4ea4）\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u4e66\u7b7e<\/td>\n\u53ef\u6536\u85cf\u4e3a\u4e66\u7b7e<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u53ef\u6536\u85cf\u4e3a\u4e66\u7b7e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u5386\u53f2<\/td>\n\u53c2\u6570\u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u3002<\/td>\n\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u9650\u5236<\/td>\n\u5f53\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u65f6，GET \u65b9\u6cd5\u5411 URL \u6dfb\u52a0\u6570\u636e；URL \u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u7684（URL \u7684\u6700\u5927\u957f\u5ea6\u662f 2048 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26）\u3002<\/td>\n\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9650\u5236<\/td>\n\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8 ASCII \u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/td>\n\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4e5f\u5141\u8bb8\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/td>\n\u4e0e POST \u76f8\u6bd4，GET \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8f83\u5dee，\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f URL \u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u5bc6\u7801\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u51b3\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528GET\u3002<\/td>\nPOST \u6bd4 GET \u66f4\u5b89\u5168，\u56e0\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5386\u53f2\u6216 web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                \u53ef\u89c1\u6027<\/td>\n\u6570\u636e\u5728 URL \u4e2d\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002<\/td>\n\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5728 URL \u4e2d\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
                                1.1 requests \u53d1\u9001 POST \u8bf7\u6c42\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h5>\n

                                \u8bed\u6cd5\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n

                                response = requests.post(url, data={}, headers={}, params={})<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • data\u53c2\u6570\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/li>\n
                                • POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53(form data)\u4e2d，\u5192\u53f7\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u7684 key，\u5192\u53f7\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u7684 value\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  \u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a：<\/p>\n

                                  \"\"<\/p>\n

                                  \u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53(form data)\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178：<\/p>\n

                                  data = {
                                  \n "username": "admin",
                                  \n "password": "admin"
                                  \n}<\/p>\n

                                  1.2 \u6848\u4f8b-\u4f20\u667a\u5065\u5eb7\u767b\u5f55<\/h4>\n

                                  \u767b\u5f55\u9875\u9762 URL \u5730\u5740：http:\/\/manager-health-java.itheima.net\/login.do<\/p>\n

                                  \u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790<\/h5>\n

                                  \u6293\u5305\u5206\u6790，\u627e\u5230\u767b\u5f55\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684url\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  • \n

                                    \u53f3\u952e\u68c0\u67e5 –> Network<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    \"\"<\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    • \n

                                      \u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u8f93\u5165\u6846\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801： \u7528\u6237\u540d admin，\u5bc6\u7801 admin，\u7136\u540e\u70b9\u51fb\u767b\u5f55，\u6293\u53d6\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      \"\"<\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                      • \n

                                        \u6839\u636e\u6293\u5305\u53d1\u73b0，\u767b\u5f55\u7684 URL \u5730\u5740\u4e3a：(\u767b\u5f55\u6210\u529f\u4e4b\u540e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u9996\u9875，\u6240\u4ee5\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u662f302)<\/p>\n

                                        http:\/\/manager-health-java.itheima.net\/login.do\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                        \"\"<\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                        • \n

                                          \u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u6570\u636e\u4e3a：<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                          \"\"<\/p>\n

                                            \n
                                          • \n

                                            \u6700\u7ec8\u5206\u6790\u51fa：<\/p>\n

                                              \n
                                            • \n

                                              POST \u8bf7\u6c42 URL \u5730\u5740\u4e3a：\u00a0http:\/\/manager-health-java.itheima.net\/login.do<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                            • \n

                                              \u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a：\u00a0POST<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                            • \n

                                              \u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u53c2\u6570\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

                                              data = {
                                              \n "username": "admin",
                                              \n "password": "admin"
                                              \n}\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                              \u6848\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h5>\n

                                              \u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n

                                              import requests<\/p>\n

                                              # 1. \u51c6\u5907\u767b\u5f55\u7684url\u5730\u5740，\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934，\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u6570\u636e
                                              \nlogin_url = "http:\/\/manager-health-java.itheima.net\/login.do"
                                              \nheaders = {
                                              \n "User-Agent": "Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/90.0.4430.85 Safari\/537.36"
                                              \n}
                                              \ndata = {
                                              \n "username": "admin",
                                              \n "password": "admin"
                                              \n}<\/p>\n

                                              # 2. \u53d1\u8d77\u767b\u5f55\u8bf7\u6c42
                                              \nresponse = requests.post(login_url, data=data, headers=headers)<\/p>\n

                                              # \u6253\u5370\u767b\u5f55\u6210\u529f\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5bb9
                                              \nprint(response.status_code)
                                              \nprint(response.content.decode())<\/p>\n

                                              \u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

                                              \u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801:<\/p>\n

                                              200<\/p>\n

                                              \u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u90e8\u5206\u622a\u56fe<\/p>\n

                                              \"\"<\/p>\n

                                              2. requests \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406<\/h4>\n

                                              \u6bcf\u6b21\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u7684，\u4f7f\u7528\u722c\u866b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53bb\u8bf7\u6c42\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u9891\u7387\u662f\u7279\u522b\u5feb\u7684，\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd，\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u7535\u8111\u4e0a\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u53bb\u8bf7\u6c42\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u4f1a\u88ab\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bc6\u522b\u5230，\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u5c01\u6389\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0d\u8ba9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u5c01\u6389，\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406 IP\u3002<\/p>\n

                                              2.1 \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406 IP \u7684\u76ee\u7684<\/h5>\n
                                                \n
                                              • \u8ba9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n
                                              • \u9632\u6b62\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5730\u5740\u88ab\u6cc4\u9732，\u9632\u6b62\u88ab\u8ffd\u7a76<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                2.2 \u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/h5>\n
                                                  \n
                                                • \n

                                                  \u4ee3\u7406IP \u662f\u4e00\u4e2aIP，\u6307\u5411\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                • \n

                                                  \u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8f6c\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                  \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                  2.3 \u4ee3\u7406 IP \u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/h5>\n

                                                  \u6839\u636e\u4ee3\u7406 IP \u7684\u533f\u540d\u7a0b\u5ea6，\u4ee3\u7406 IP \u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u7c7b：<\/p>\n\n\u5206\u7c7b\u540d\u79f0\u7279\u70b9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4fe1\u606f<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
                                                  \u900f\u660e\u4ee3\u7406<\/td>\n\u900f\u660e\u4ee3\u7406\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u201c\u9690\u85cf\u201d\u4f60\u7684IP\u5730\u5740，\u4f46\u662f\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u5230\u4f60\u662f\u8c01\u3002<\/td>\nREMOTE_ADDR = Proxy IP HTTP_VIA = Proxy IP HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR = Your IP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                  \u533f\u540d\u4ee3\u7406<\/td>\n\u4f7f\u7528\u533f\u540d\u4ee3\u7406，\u522b\u4eba\u53ea\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u7528\u4e86\u4ee3\u7406，\u65e0\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u662f\u8c01\u3002<\/td>\nREMOTE_ADDR = Proxy IP HTTP_VIA = Proxy IP HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR = Proxy IP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                                  \u9ad8\u533f\u4ee3\u7406<\/td>\n\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d1\u73b0\u4f60\u662f\u5728\u7528\u4ee3\u7406，\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u533f\u4ee3\u7406\u6548\u679c\u6700\u597d\u3002<\/td>\nREMOTE_ADDR = Proxy IP HTTP_VIA = not determined HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR = not determined<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                                  \u6839\u636e\u7f51\u7ad9\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u4e0d\u540c，\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4ece\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

                                                    \n
                                                  • http\u4ee3\u7406：\u76ee\u6807url\u4e3ahttp\u534f\u8bae<\/li>\n
                                                  • https\u4ee3\u7406：\u76ee\u6807url\u4e3ahttps\u534f\u8bae<\/li>\n
                                                  • socks\u96a7\u9053\u4ee3\u7406（\u4f8b\u5982socks5\u4ee3\u7406）\u7b49：\n
                                                      \n
                                                    • socks \u4ee3\u7406\u53ea\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e\u5305，\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u662f\u4f55\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u534f\u8bae（FTP\u3001HTTP\u548cHTTPS\u7b49）\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                    • socks \u4ee3\u7406\u6bd4http\u3001https\u4ee3\u7406\u8017\u65f6\u5c11\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                    • socks \u4ee3\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u53d1http\u548chttps\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                      2.4 requests \u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406<\/h5>\n

                                                      \u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42；\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u9891\u7e41\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u88ab\u5c01 IP，\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406 IP；\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8981\u5b66\u4e60requests \u6a21\u5757\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406 IP \u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                      \u8bed\u6cd5\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n

                                                      response = requests.get(url, proxies={})<\/p>\n

                                                      proxies \u53c2\u6570\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                      \u5b57\u5178\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

                                                      proxies = {
                                                      \n "\u534f\u8bae\u7c7b\u578b": "\u534f\u8bae\u7c7b\u578b:\/\/\u4ee3\u7406IP\u5730\u5740:\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7"
                                                      \n}<\/p>\n

                                                      \u4f8b\u5982：
                                                      \nproxies = {
                                                      \n # \u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u4e3a http \u534f\u8bae，\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 http \u8fd9\u4e2a key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1
                                                      \n "http": "http:\/\/113.121.255.26:9999",
                                                      \n # \u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u4e3a https \u534f\u8bae，\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528 https \u8fd9\u4e2a key \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1
                                                      \n "https": "https:\/\/219.151.157.130:3128"
                                                      \n}<\/p>\n

                                                      \u514d\u8d39\u4ee3\u7406 IP \u7f51\u7ad9<\/p>\n

                                                        \n
                                                      • \u5feb\u4ee3\u7406：\u00a0\u514d\u8d39\u79c1\u5bc6\u4ee3\u7406IP_IP\u4ee3\u7406_HTTP\u4ee3\u7406 – \u5feb\u4ee3\u7406<\/li>\n
                                                      • 89\u514d\u8d39\u4ee3\u7406：89\u514d\u8d39\u4ee3\u7406IP_\u4f18\u8d28HTTP\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668_\u514d\u8d39IP\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5e73\u53f0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                        \u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u9636\u6bb5，\u6211\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u627e\u4e00\u4e9b\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u53bb\u4f7f\u7528\u5373\u53ef，\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u597d，\u771f\u6b63\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u4f1a\u53bb\u8d2d\u4e70\u4ed8\u8d39\u7684\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u4ee3\u7406，\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u642d\u5efa\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                        2.5 \u6848\u4f8b – \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406 IP \u8bf7\u6c42\u5531\u5427<\/h5>\n

                                                        \u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n

                                                        # 1. \u5bfc\u5165request\u6a21\u5757
                                                        \nimport requests<\/p>\n

                                                        # 2. \u51c6\u5907\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740
                                                        \nurl = 'http:\/\/changba.com\/now\/stars\/index.html'
                                                        \n# \u51c6\u5907\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u5b57\u5178
                                                        \nheaders = {
                                                        \n "User-Agent": "Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/90.0.4430.85 Safari\/537.36"
                                                        \n}
                                                        \n# \u51c6\u5907\u4ee3\u7406IP\u7684\u5b57\u5178
                                                        \nproxies = {
                                                        \n 'http': 'http:\/\/113.108.190.50:8080'
                                                        \n}<\/p>\n

                                                        # 3. \u5411\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u9001get\u8bf7\u6c42
                                                        \nresponse = requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxies=proxies)<\/p>\n

                                                        # 4. \u6253\u5370\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5bb9
                                                        \nprint(response.content.decode())<\/p>\n

                                                        \u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n

                                                        \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                        \n

                                                        \u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n
                                                          \n
                                                        • GET \u548c POST \u7684\u533a\u522b\n
                                                            \n
                                                          • GET \u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u6709\u9650\u5236\u7684，POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236<\/li>\n
                                                          • POST \u8bf7\u6c42\u8981\u6bd4 GET \u8bf7\u6c42\u5b89\u5168<\/li>\n
                                                          • GET \u8bf7\u6c42\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5230 URL \u5730\u5740\u4e2d，POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0d\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5728 URL \u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                          • \n

                                                            requests \u53d1\u9001 POST \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5：\u00a0requests.post(url, data={})<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                          • \n

                                                            \u5728\u722c\u866b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406IP\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0d\u8ba9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u5c01\u6389\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                          • requests \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5：\u00a0requests.get(url, proxies={})<\/span>\n
                                                              \n
                                                            • proxies \u5b57\u5178\u7684\u683c\u5f0f： key \u4e3a \u534f\u8bae\u7684\u7c7b\u578b，value \u4e3a\u00a0\u534f\u8bae:\/\/\u4ee3\u7406IP:\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                              requests \u8bf7\u6c42\u643a\u5e26 Cookie<\/h3>\n

                                                              \u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9：<\/h5>\n
                                                                \n
                                                              • \u4e86\u89e3 \u722c\u866b\u4e2d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 Cookie<\/li>\n
                                                              • \u638c\u63e1 \u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4e2d\u643a\u5e26 Cookie<\/li>\n
                                                              • \u638c\u63e1 \u4f7f\u7528cookies\u53c2\u6570\u643a\u5e26 Cookie<\/li>\n
                                                              • \u638c\u63e1 \u4f7f\u7528requests.session \u8fdb\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u4fdd\u6301<\/li>\n
                                                              • \u638c\u63e1 RequestsCookieJar \u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5b57\u5178\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                1. \u722c\u866b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528Cookie<\/h4>\n

                                                                \u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u722c\u866b\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u7684\u9875\u9762，\u6216\u8005\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u901a\u8fc7cookie\u7684\u53cd\u6252，\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528request\u6765\u5904\u7406cookie\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n

                                                                1.1 \u722c\u866b\u4e2d\u643a\u5e26Cookie\u7684\u5229\u5f0a<\/h5>\n
                                                                  \n
                                                                • \u5e26\u4e0a Cookie \u7684\u597d\u5904\n
                                                                    \n
                                                                  • \u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u7684\u9875\u9762<\/li>\n
                                                                  • \u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u90e8\u5206\u53cd\u53cd\u722c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                  • \u5e26\u4e0a Cookie \u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\n
                                                                      \n
                                                                    • \u4e00\u5957cookie\u5f80\u5f80\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f，\u8bf7\u6c42\u592a\u9891\u7e41\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u88ab\u5bf9\u65b9\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u722c\u866b<\/li>\n
                                                                    • \u90a3\u4e48\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3 ?\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u8d26\u53f7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                      1.2 requests\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 Cookie\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h5>\n

                                                                      \u4f7f\u7528requests\u643a\u5e26cookie\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

                                                                        \n
                                                                      • cookie\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u653e\u5728headers\u4e2d，\u8bbe\u7f6e\u00a0Cookie\u00a0\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934<\/li>\n
                                                                      • \u628acookie\u5b57\u5178\u653e\u4f20\u7ed9\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684cookies\u53c2\u6570\u63a5\u6536<\/li>\n
                                                                      • \u4f7f\u7528requests\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684session\u6a21\u5757\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                        2.1 \u6293\u5305\u627e\u5230\u767b\u5f55\u4e4b\u540e\u7684Cookie<\/h5>\n
                                                                          \n
                                                                        • \n

                                                                          \u6253\u5f00\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668，\u53f3\u952e\u68c0\u67e5，\u70b9\u51fb Network，\u52fe\u9009 Preserve log<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                          \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                                            \n
                                                                          • \n

                                                                            \u8bbf\u95ee\u4f20\u667a\u5065\u5eb7\u767b\u9646\u7684url\u5730\u5740：\u00a0\u4f20\u667a\u5065\u5eb7<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                          • \n

                                                                            \u8f93\u5165\u8d26\u53f7\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u4e4b\u540e，\u70b9\u51fb\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                            \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                                            \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                                              \n
                                                                            • \n

                                                                              \u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u767b\u5f55\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9875\u9762，\u4f8b\u5982：\u00a0\u4f20\u667a\u5065\u5eb7<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                            • \n

                                                                              \u627e\u5230Network\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6293\u5230\u7684\u5305，\u67e5\u770b\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u643a\u5e26\u7684 User-Agent \u548c Cookie \u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                              \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                                              2.2 \u5b8c\u6210\u4ee3\u7801<\/h5>\n
                                                                                \n
                                                                              • \u4ece\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u590d\u5236User-Agent\u548cCookie<\/li>\n
                                                                              • \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5\u548c\u503c\u4e0eheaders\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u4e00\u81f4<\/li>\n
                                                                              • headers\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684Cookie\u952e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                \u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n

                                                                                import requests<\/p>\n

                                                                                # 1. \u51c6\u5907\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740
                                                                                \nurl = 'http:\/\/manager-health-java.itheima.net\/pages\/main.html'<\/p>\n

                                                                                # 2. \u51c6\u5907\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4fe1\u606f，cookie \u548c User-Agent，（\u4ece\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6293\u5305\u590d\u5236）
                                                                                \nheaders = {
                                                                                \n "User-Agent": "Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/90.0.4430.93 Safari\/537.36",
                                                                                \n "Cookie": "JSESSIONID=4BBDB822771C712E3570B8AD3BED780F"
                                                                                \n}<\/p>\n

                                                                                # 3. \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42，\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e
                                                                                \nresponse = requests.get(url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n

                                                                                # 4. \u67e5\u770b\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5bb9
                                                                                \nprint(response.content.decode())<\/p>\n

                                                                                \u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c：<\/p>\n

                                                                                \u767b\u5f55\u4e4b\u540e\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u9875\u9762，\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u83dc\u5355\u4fe1\u606f，\u6211\u4eec\u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d，\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u7740\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u83dc\u5355\u4fe1\u606f\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                                                \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                                                3. \u4f7f\u7528 Cookies \u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n

                                                                                \u4e0a\u4e00\u5c0f\u8282\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934 headers \u4e2d\u643a\u5e26\u7740\u767b\u5f55\u4e4b\u540e\u7684 Cookie \u4fe1\u606f，\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u95e8\u7684 cookies \u53c2\u6570\u6765\u643a\u5e26 Cookie\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                                                3.1 Cookies \u53c2\u6570\u8bed\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u683c\u5f0f<\/h5>\n
                                                                                  \n
                                                                                • \n

                                                                                  cookies\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u683c\u5f0f：\u5b57\u5178<\/p>\n

                                                                                  cookies = {"Cookie\u7684name": "Cookie\u7684Value"}<\/p>\n

                                                                                    \n
                                                                                  • \u8be5\u5b57\u5178\u5bf9\u5e94\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4e2dCookie\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32，\u4ee5\u5206\u53f7\u3001\u7a7a\u683c\u5206\u5272\u6bcf\u4e00\u5bf9\u5b57\u5178\u952e\u503c\u5bf9<\/li>\n
                                                                                  • \u7b49\u53f7\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2acookie\u7684name，\u5bf9\u5e94cookies\u5b57\u5178\u7684key<\/li>\n
                                                                                  • \u7b49\u53f7\u53f3\u8fb9\u5bf9\u5e94cookies\u5b57\u5178\u7684value<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                  • \n

                                                                                    cookies\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

                                                                                    response = requests.get(url, cookies={})\n <\/li>\n

                                                                                  • \n

                                                                                    \u6ce8\u610f：\u00a0cookie\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u6709\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684，\u4e00\u65e6\u8fc7\u671f\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u53d6<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                    3.2 \u4f7f\u7528cookies\u53c2\u6570\u5b8c\u6210\u767b\u5f55\u4f20\u667a\u5065\u5eb7<\/h5>\n
                                                                                      \n
                                                                                    • \u767b\u5f55\u4f20\u667a\u5065\u5eb7，\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u767b\u5f55\u4e4b\u540e\u7684cookie\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/li>\n
                                                                                    • \u5c06\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6293\u5305\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684cookie\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32，\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5b57\u5178，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9cookies\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                      \u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

                                                                                      import requests<\/p>\n

                                                                                      # 1. \u51c6\u5907\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740
                                                                                      \nurl = 'http:\/\/manager-health-java.itheima.net\/pages\/main.html'<\/p>\n

                                                                                      # 2. \u51c6\u5907\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4fe1\u606f，User-Agent，（\u4ece\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6293\u5305\u590d\u5236）
                                                                                      \nheaders = {
                                                                                      \n "User-Agent": "Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/90.0.4430.93 Safari\/537.36"
                                                                                      \n}
                                                                                      \n# \u51c6\u5907cookies\u5b57\u5178
                                                                                      \ncookie_dict = {
                                                                                      \n 'JSESSIONID': '14C7DFBF244EB81DC281FC1B96EF88D6'
                                                                                      \n}<\/p>\n

                                                                                      # 3. \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42，\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e
                                                                                      \nresponse = requests.get(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookie_dict)<\/p>\n

                                                                                      # 4. \u67e5\u770b\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5bb9
                                                                                      \nprint(response.content.decode())<\/p>\n

                                                                                      \u5bf9\u6bd4\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9：<\/p>\n

                                                                                      \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                                                      \u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0，\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684，\u8868\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 cookies\u53c2\u6570\u643a\u5e26cookie\u767b\u5f55\u4f20\u667a\u5065\u5eb7\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                                                      cookie\u6709\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4 ，\u6240\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u590d\u5236\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u7684cookie\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e0b\u4e00\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u66ff\u6362\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684cookie，\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e13\u95e8\u6765\u83b7\u53d6cookie\u4f9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528；\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684cookie\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u5f88\u957f，\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u76f4\u63a5\u590d\u5236cookie\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                                                      \u8865\u5145：\u5c06\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u590d\u5236\u7684\u542b\u6709\u591a\u4e2aCookie\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178<\/p>\n

                                                                                      cookies_dict = {
                                                                                      \n cookie.split('=')[0]:cookie.split('=')[1] for cookie in cookies_str.split('; ')
                                                                                      \n}<\/p>\n

                                                                                      4. \u4f7f\u7528 requests.session \u643a\u5e26Cookie<\/h4>\n

                                                                                      \u524d\u9762\u4f7f\u7528\u624b\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528cookie，\u90a3\u4e48\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728requets\u4e2d\u643a\u5e26cookie\u5462？<\/p>\n

                                                                                      requests \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505asession\u7c7b，\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301<\/p>\n

                                                                                      \u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u6301\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5185\u6db5：<\/p>\n

                                                                                        \n
                                                                                      • \u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u5b58cookie，\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u5e26\u4e0a\u524d\u4e00\u6b21\u7684cookie<\/li>\n
                                                                                      • \u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u957f\u8fde\u63a5，\u52a0\u5feb\u8bf7\u6c42\u901f\u5ea6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                                        4.1 \u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h5>\n

                                                                                        session = requests.session() # \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316session\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61
                                                                                        \nresponse = session.get(url, headers, …)
                                                                                        \nresponse = session.post(url, data, …)<\/p>\n

                                                                                          \n
                                                                                        • session\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d1\u9001get\u6216post\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u53c2\u6570，\u4e0erequests\u6a21\u5757\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                                          4.2 \u4f7f\u7528 requests.session \u767b\u5f55\u4f20\u667a\u5065\u5eb7<\/h5>\n
                                                                                            \n
                                                                                          • \n

                                                                                            \u767b\u5f55\u9875\u9762 url \u5730\u5740：\u00a0\u4f20\u667a\u5065\u5eb7<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                          • \n

                                                                                            \u5148\u6293\u5305\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u767b\u5f55\u4f20\u667a\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u767b\u5f55 url \u5730\u5740，\u4ee5\u53ca\u767b\u5f55\u9700\u8981\u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                          • \u5148\u4f7f\u7528 request.session \u5b8c\u6210\u767b\u5f55，\u83b7\u53d6\u767b\u5f55\u4e4b\u540e\u7684 cookie<\/li>\n
                                                                                          • \u5728\u4f7f\u7528 request.session \u5bf9\u8c61\u8bf7\u6c42\u767b\u5f55\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9875\u9762\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                                            \u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b：<\/h6>\n

                                                                                            import requests<\/p>\n

                                                                                            # 1. \u51c6\u5907\u767b\u5f55\u7684url\u5730\u5740（\u6293\u5305\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u7684post url\u5730\u5740）
                                                                                            \nlogin_url = "http:\/\/manager-health-java.itheima.net\/login.do"<\/p>\n

                                                                                            # \u51c6\u5907\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934User-Agent
                                                                                            \nheaders = {
                                                                                            \n "User-Agent": "Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/90.0.4430.93 Safari\/537.36"
                                                                                            \n}
                                                                                            \n# \u51c6\u5907\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u5b57\u5178
                                                                                            \ndata = {
                                                                                            \n "username": "admin",
                                                                                            \n "password": "admin"
                                                                                            \n}<\/p>\n

                                                                                            # 2. \u521b\u5efasession\u5bf9\u8c61
                                                                                            \nsession = requests.session()<\/p>\n

                                                                                            # 3. \u4f7f\u7528session\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d1\u9001post\u8bf7\u6c42 \u767b\u5f55\u4f20\u667a\u5065\u5eb7
                                                                                            \nsession.post(login_url, headers=headers, data=data)<\/p>\n

                                                                                            # \u4f7f\u7528 session\u5bf9\u8c61\u518d\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u767b\u5f55\u4e4b\u540e\u7684url\u5730\u5740
                                                                                            \nurl = "http:\/\/manager-health-java.itheima.net\/pages\/main.html"
                                                                                            \n# \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42 \u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94
                                                                                            \nresponse = session.get(url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n

                                                                                            # 4. \u6253\u5370\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9
                                                                                            \nprint(response.content.decode())<\/p>\n

                                                                                            \u67e5\u770b\u8fd0\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c：<\/p>\n

                                                                                            \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                                                            5. requests \u4e2d cookiejar \u5904\u7406<\/h4>\n

                                                                                            \u5728\u4f7f\u7528requests\u6a21\u5757\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u540e，\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684response\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u5177\u6709 cookies\u5c5e\u6027，\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a RequestsCookieJar \u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5bf9\u65b9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5728\u672c\u5730\u7684cookie\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3acookies\u5b57\u5178\u5462？<\/p>\n

                                                                                              \n
                                                                                            • \n

                                                                                              \u8f6c\u6362\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n

                                                                                              # \u5c06cookiejar\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5b57\u5178\u7c7b\u578b
                                                                                              \ncookies_dict = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(response.cookies)
                                                                                              \n# \u5c06\u5b57\u5178\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u6210cookiejar\u7c7b\u578b
                                                                                              \ncookies_jar = requests.utils.cookiejar_from_dict(cookies_dict)\n <\/li>\n

                                                                                            • \n

                                                                                              \u5176\u4e2dresponse.cookies\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5c31\u662fcookieJar\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                            • \n

                                                                                              requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56decookies\u5b57\u5178<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                              5.1 \u6848\u4f8b RequestsCookieJar \u7684\u8f6c\u6362<\/h5>\n

                                                                                              \u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

                                                                                              import requests<\/p>\n

                                                                                              # 1. \u51c6\u5907url\u5730\u5740
                                                                                              \nurl = "https:\/\/www.baidu.com"<\/p>\n

                                                                                              # \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42 \u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61
                                                                                              \nresponse = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n

                                                                                              # <RequestsCookieJar[<Cookie BDORZ=27315 for .baidu.com\/>]>
                                                                                              \nprint(f"\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684cookiejar\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e3a：{response.cookies}")<\/p>\n

                                                                                              # \u5c06cookiejar\u7c7b\u578b \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178
                                                                                              \ncookie_dict = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(response.cookies)
                                                                                              \nprint(f"\u5c06cookiejar\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178：{cookie_dict}")
                                                                                              \n# \u5c06cookie\u5b57\u5178\u518d\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3acookiejar
                                                                                              \ncookie_jar = requests.utils.cookiejar_from_dict(cookie_dict)
                                                                                              \nprint(f"\u5c06cookie_dict \u8f6c\u6362\u6210cookiejar：{cookie_jar}")<\/p>\n

                                                                                              \u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a：<\/p>\n

                                                                                              \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                                                              \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n
                                                                                                \n
                                                                                              • \n

                                                                                                \u722c\u866b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 Cookie \u7684\u76ee\u7684：<\/p>\n

                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                • \u8bbf\u95ee\u767b\u5f55\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u9875\u9762<\/li>\n
                                                                                                • \u5b9e\u73b0\u53cd\u53cd\u722c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                • \n

                                                                                                  \u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e Cookie<\/p>\n

                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                  • \u5148\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u767b\u5f55\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                                                                  • \u4f7f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6293\u5305\u5de5\u5177\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u767b\u5f55\u4e4b\u540e\u7684 Cookie\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                                                                  • \u5c06\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684 Cookie \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934headers\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                                                                  • \u5728\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u643a\u5e26\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934headers\u5b57\u5178:\u00a0response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                  • \n

                                                                                                    \u4f7f\u7528cookies\u53c2\u6570\u643a\u5e26 Cookie：<\/p>\n

                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                    • \u5148\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u767b\u5f55\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                                                                    • \u4f7f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6293\u5305\u5de5\u5177\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u767b\u5f55\u4e4b\u540e\u7684 Cookie\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                                                                    • \u5c06\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684 Cookie \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32，\u901a\u8fc7\u5b57\u5178\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a Cookie \u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                                                                    • \u5728\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u5c06\u6784\u9020\u597d\u7684 Cookie \u5b57\u5178，\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9cookies\u53c2\u6570：\u00a0response = requests.get(url, cookies = {})<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                    • \n

                                                                                                      \u4f7f\u7528requests.session\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u81ea\u52a8\u643a\u5e26\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684Cookie\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                      • \u521b\u5efa requests.session \u5bf9\u8c61<\/li>\n
                                                                                                      • session\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f（session\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d1\u9001get\u6216post\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u53c2\u6570，\u4e0erequests\u6a21\u5757\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4）： session = requests.session() # \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316session\u5bf9\u8c61
                                                                                                        \nresponse = session.get(url, headers, …)
                                                                                                        \nresponse = session.post(url, data, …)\n <\/li>\n
                                                                                                      • \u4f7f\u7528 session \u5bf9\u8c61\u53d1\u8d77POST\u8bf7\u6c42，\u767b\u5f55\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9<\/li>\n
                                                                                                      • \u540e\u7eed\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528 session\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u53d1\u8d77，\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u72b6\u6001\u4fdd\u6301\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                                                                                      • \n

                                                                                                        \u4f7f\u7528requests\u6a21\u5757\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684response\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684cookies\u5c5e\u6027\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a RequestsCookieJar \u7c7b\u578b，\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u5b57\u5178\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362，\u8f6c\u6362\u65b9\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

                                                                                                        # \u5c06cookiejar\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5b57\u5178\u7c7b\u578b
                                                                                                        \ncookies_dict = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(response.cookies)
                                                                                                        \n# \u5c06\u5b57\u5178\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u6210cookiejar\u7c7b\u578b
                                                                                                        \ncookies_jar = requests.utils.cookiejar_from_dict(cookies_dict) <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                                        requests \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n

                                                                                                        \u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9：<\/h5>\n
                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                        • \u638c\u63e1 requests\u89e3\u51b3https\u8bc1\u4e66\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/li>\n
                                                                                                        • \u638c\u63e1 requests\u4e2d\u8d85\u65f6\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n
                                                                                                        • \u638c\u63e1 retrying\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                                          1. requests \u6a21\u5757\u5904\u7406\u8bc1\u4e66\u9519\u8bef<\/h4>\n

                                                                                                          \u7ecf\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u51b2\u6d6a\u65f6，\u7ecf\u5e38\u80fd\u591f\u770b\u5230\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u63d0\u793a：<\/p>\n

                                                                                                          \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                          • \u539f\u56e0：\u8be5\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684CA\u8bc1\u4e66\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u3010\u53d7\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66\u9881\u53d1\u673a\u6784\u3011\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                                                                          • \u5173\u4e8eCA\u8bc1\u4e66\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d7\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66\u9881\u53d1\u673a\u6784\u70b9\u51fb\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a，\u8bfe\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u505a\u5c55\u5f00\u8bb2\u89e3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                                            \u4e0a\u8ff0\u60c5\u51b5，\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\u7f51\u5740\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0，\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u53bb\u8bf7\u6c42CA\u8bc1\u4e66\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u5462？<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            \u6ce8\u610f： 12306 \u5b8c\u6574\u5927\u6982\u5728 18\u5e7410\u6708\u4efd\u5de6\u53f3\u8fdb\u884c\u5347\u7ea7，\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8bc1\u4e66\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e86，\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7f51\u5740\u6765\u6f14\u793a\u8be5\u95ee\u9898：<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            https:\/\/sam.huat.edu.cn:8443\/selfservice\/<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            1.1 \u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42\u6f14\u793a<\/h5>\n

                                                                                                            \u5b9e\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            import requests
                                                                                                            \n# \u51c6\u5907\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740
                                                                                                            \nurl = "https:\/\/sam.huat.edu.cn:8443\/selfservice\/"
                                                                                                            \n# \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42 \u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61
                                                                                                            \nresponse = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            \u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            \u5f88\u660e\u663e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0，\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u7684url\u5730\u5740，\u5b58\u5728 CA \u8bc1\u4e66\u95ee\u9898\u662f，\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u00a0SSLError\u00a0\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            1.2 \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h5>\n

                                                                                                            \u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42，\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528verify=False\u53c2\u6570，\u6b64\u65f6requests\u6a21\u5757\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c06\u4e0d\u505aCA\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1：verify\u53c2\u6570\u80fd\u591f\u5ffd\u7565CA\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            \u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            import requests<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            # \u6ce8\u610f：\u53d6\u6d88\u5b89\u5168\u8bc1\u4e66\u6709InsecureRequestWarning \u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8b66\u544a
                                                                                                            \n# \u53d6\u6d88\u8b66\u544a
                                                                                                            \nrequests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            # \u51c6\u5907\u76ee\u6807url\u5730\u5740
                                                                                                            \nurl = "https:\/\/sam.huat.edu.cn:8443\/selfservice\/"<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            # \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42 \u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61
                                                                                                            \nresponse = requests.get(url, verify=False)<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            print(response.content.decode('gbk'))<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            \u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            \u6ce8\u610f：\u5982\u679c\u540e\u7eed\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u629b\u51fa\u4e86 SSLError \u7684\u5f02\u5e38，\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 verify=False \u6765\u89e3\u51b3 CA\u8bc1\u4e66\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

                                                                                                            2. \u8d85\u65f6\u53c2\u6570timeout\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/h4>\n

                                                                                                            \u5728\u5e73\u65f6\u7f51\u4e0a\u51b2\u6d6a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u6ce2\u52a8，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019，\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7b49\u4e86\u5f88\u4e45\u53ef\u80fd\u4efb\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            \u5728\u722c\u866b\u4e2d，\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5f88\u4e45\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u679c，\u5c31\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6574\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6548\u7387\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42，\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c，\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            \u8d85\u65f6\u53c2\u6570 timeout\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            response = requests.get(url, timeout=3)<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            timeout=3\u8868\u793a：\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e，3\u79d2\u949f\u5185\u8fd4\u56de\u54cd\u5e94，\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            import requests<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            url = 'https:\/\/twitter.com'
                                                                                                            \nresponse = requests.get(url, timeout=3) # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            \u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            \u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5c31\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa： ConnectTimeout \u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            3. retrying\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/h4>\n

                                                                                                            \u4f7f\u7528\u8d85\u65f6\u53c2\u6570\u80fd\u591f\u52a0\u5feb\u6211\u4eec\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u901f\u5ea6，\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u6d4f\u89c8\u8fc7\u6210\u529f，\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u901f\u5ea6\u5f88\u6162\u7684\u60c5\u51b5，\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u505a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5237\u65b0\u9875\u9762，\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5237\u65b0\u8bf7\u6c42\u5462？<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684，retrying\u6a21\u5757\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u89e3\u51b3<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            3.1 retrying\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/h5>\n

                                                                                                            retrying\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5730\u5740：retrying \u00b7 PyPI<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            \u5b89\u88c5：<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            pip install retrying<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            \u6216\u8005<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            pip install retrying -i https:\/\/pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\/simple<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            \u5b89\u88c5\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a：<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                                                                            retrying \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n

                                                                                                              \n
                                                                                                            • \u7528retrying\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684retry\u6a21\u5757<\/li>\n
                                                                                                            • \u901a\u8fc7\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528，\u8ba9\u88ab\u88c5\u9970\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53cd\u590d\u6267\u884c<\/li>\n
                                                                                                            • retry\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u5165\u53c2\u6570stop_max_attempt_number,\u8ba9\u51fd\u6570\u62a5\u9519\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u884c，\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u6267\u884c\u6b21\u6570\u7684\u4e0a\u9650，\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u62a5\u9519，\u6574\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u62a5\u9519，\u5982\u679c\u4e2d\u95f4\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u6210\u529f，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u540e\u6267\u884c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                                                                                              3.2 retrying\u548crequests\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5c01\u88c5<\/h5>\n

                                                                                                              \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u51fd\u6570，\u6bcf\u6b21\u722c\u866b\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u5373\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5728\u5176\u4e2d<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                \n
                                                                                                              • \u4f7f\u7528timeout\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d85\u65f6\u62a5\u9519<\/li>\n
                                                                                                              • \u4f7f\u7528retrying\u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u73b0\u91cd\u8bd5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                                                \u53c2\u8003\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                import requests
                                                                                                                \nfrom retrying import retry<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                headers = {
                                                                                                                \n "User-Agent": "Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/90.0.4430.93 Safari\/537.36"
                                                                                                                \n}<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                # \u6700\u5927\u91cd\u8bd53\u6b21，3\u6b21\u5168\u90e8\u62a5\u9519，\u624d\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519
                                                                                                                \n@retry(stop_max_attempt_number=3)
                                                                                                                \ndef _parse_url(url):
                                                                                                                \n print('-' * 30)
                                                                                                                \n # \u8d85\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u5e76\u91cd\u8bd5
                                                                                                                \n response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=3)
                                                                                                                \n # \u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e0d\u662f200，\u4e5f\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u5e76\u91cd\u8bd5
                                                                                                                \n assert response.status_code == 200
                                                                                                                \n return response<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                def parse_url(url):
                                                                                                                \n try:
                                                                                                                \n # \u8fdb\u884c\u5f02\u5e38\u6355\u83b7
                                                                                                                \n response = _parse_url(url)
                                                                                                                \n except Exception as e:
                                                                                                                \n print(e)
                                                                                                                \n # \u62a5\u9519\u8fd4\u56deNone
                                                                                                                \n response = None
                                                                                                                \n return response<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                parse_url('https:\/\/twitter.com')<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                \u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a：<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                \u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n
                                                                                                                  \n
                                                                                                                • \n

                                                                                                                  \u5982\u679c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528requests\u6a21\u5757\u8bf7\u6c42\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2aurl\u5730\u5740\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u629b\u51fa\u4e86\u00a0SSLError\u00a0\u7684\u9519\u8bef，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 verify=False，\u6765\u5ffd\u7565CA\u8bc1\u4e66\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                  response = requests.get(url, verify=False)\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                                                    \n
                                                                                                                  • \n

                                                                                                                    \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2aurl\u5730\u5740\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d85\u65f6\u53c2\u6570，\u8d85\u8fc7\u8d85\u65f6\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f，\u5c31\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                    response = requests.get(url, timeout=\u79d2\u6570)\n <\/li>\n

                                                                                                                  • \n

                                                                                                                    \u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2aurl\u5730\u5740，\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u8d85\u65f6\u53c2\u6570，\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u518d\u6b21\u7684\u53bb\u8bf7\u6c42，\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9 retrying \u6a21\u5757\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u53bb\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                    import requests
                                                                                                                    \nfrom retrying import retry<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                    # \u6700\u5927\u91cd\u8bd53\u6b21，3\u6b21\u5168\u90e8\u62a5\u9519，\u624d\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519
                                                                                                                    \n@retry(stop_max_attempt_number=3)
                                                                                                                    \ndef _parse_url(url):
                                                                                                                    \n print('-' * 30)
                                                                                                                    \n # \u5c06\u91cd\u590d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c \u653e\u5230\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d，\u4f7f\u7528\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e2d\u7684 stop_max_attempt_number \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6700\u5927\u7684\u91cd\u8bd5\u6b21\u6570
                                                                                                                    \n # \u8d85\u65f6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u56de\u62a5\u9519\u5e76\u91cd\u8bd5
                                                                                                                    \n response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=3)
                                                                                                                    \n # \u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e0d\u662f200，\u4e5f\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u5e76\u91cd\u8bd5
                                                                                                                    \n assert response.status_code == 200
                                                                                                                    \n return response <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                                                    \u6848\u4f8b-\u767e\u5ea6\u8d34\u5427\u722c\u866b<\/h3>\n

                                                                                                                    1. \u9700\u6c42<\/h4>\n
                                                                                                                      \n
                                                                                                                    • \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d34\u5427\u540d\u5b57，\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8981\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u9875\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                                                                                    • \u5c06\u8d34\u5427\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u9875\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230html\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                                                      2. \u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790<\/h4>\n
                                                                                                                        \n
                                                                                                                      • \n

                                                                                                                        \u6253\u5f00\u767e\u5ea6\u8d34\u5427\u9996\u9875：\u767e\u5ea6\u8d34\u5427\u2014\u2014\u5168\u7403\u9886\u5148\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u793e\u533a<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                      • \n

                                                                                                                        \u641c\u7d22\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fdb\u5165\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d34\u5427\u4e2d，\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ee5\u4f20\u667a\u64ad\u5ba2\u8d34\u5427\u4e3a\u4f8b：\u00a0https:\/\/tieba.baidu.com\/f?kw=\u4f20\u667a\u64ad\u5ba2<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                      • \n

                                                                                                                        \u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u51fa\u6765，\u5728url\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684 kw \u53c2\u6570，\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8d34\u5427\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u8d34\u5427\u540d\u5b57\u8fdb\u884c\u66ff\u6362\u8981\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u8d34\u5427\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                      • \n

                                                                                                                        \u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u4f20\u667a\u64ad\u5ba2\u8d34\u5427\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u9875\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u9700\u6c42\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u591a\u9875\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684，\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e0b，\u6bcf\u4e00\u9875\u7684url\u5730\u5740\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b，\u4ece\u800c\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u591a\u9875\u7684url\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                      • \n

                                                                                                                        \u9875\u9762url\u5730\u5740\u89c4\u5f8b\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                        \u7b2c\u4e00\u9875\u7684url\u5730\u5740： https:\/\/tieba.baidu.com\/f?kw=\u4f20\u667a\u64ad\u5ba2
                                                                                                                        \n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9875\u7684url\u5730\u5740： https:\/\/tieba.baidu.com\/f?kw=\u4f20\u667a\u64ad\u5ba2&pn=50
                                                                                                                        \n\u7b2c\u4e09\u9875\u7684url\u5730\u5740： https:\/\/tieba.baidu.com\/f?kw=\u4f20\u667a\u64ad\u5ba2&pn=100
                                                                                                                        \n\u7b2c\u56db\u9875\u7684url\u5730\u5740： https:\/\/tieba.baidu.com\/f?kw=\u4f20\u667a\u64ad\u5ba2&pn=150
                                                                                                                        \n\u7b2c\u4e94\u9875\u7684url\u5730\u5740： https:\/\/tieba.baidu.com\/f?kw=\u4f20\u667a\u64ad\u5ba2&pn=200\n <\/li>\n

                                                                                                                      • \n

                                                                                                                        \u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u53d1\u73b0，\u6bcf\u4e00\u9875\u7684url\u5730\u5740\u4e2d，\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u53c2\u6570 pn \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a \u52a0 50\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u9875\u7684url\u5730\u5740\u4e2d，\u662f\u6ca1\u6709pn\u53c2\u6570\u7684，\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e0b，\u7b2c\u4e00\u9875\u7684url\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u52a0\u4e0a pn=0，\u4f20\u667a\u64ad\u5ba2\u5427-\u767e\u5ea6\u8d34\u5427–\u4f20\u667a\u64ad\u5ba2-\u56fd\u5185\u53e3\u7891\u6700\u597d\u7684IT\u57f9\u8bad\u673a\u6784！–\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6559\u80b2\u5df2\u7ecf\u5751\u5bb3\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u82d7\u5b50，\u4f20\u667a\u64ad\u5ba2\u81ea\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u65e5\u8d77\u5c31\u7acb\u5fd7\u4e8e\u6539\u53d8\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6559\u80b2，\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u7248IT\u6559\u7a0b\u4e66\u7c4d\u5341\u591a\u672c，\u6559\u5b66\u89c6\u9891\u51e0\u5341\u5957\u00a0, \u770b\u770b\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u6210\u529f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                                                        \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                          \n
                                                                                                                        • \n

                                                                                                                          \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1，\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u7b2c\u4e00\u9875\u7684 pn \u503c\u4e3a 0<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                                                                                                                        • \n

                                                                                                                          \u90a3\u4e48\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u767e\u5ea6\u8d34\u5427\u7684url\u5730\u5740\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                          tb_name：\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8d34\u5427\u7684\u540d\u5b57
                                                                                                                          \npage_num: \u5f53\u524d\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u9875\u7801\u6570
                                                                                                                          \nhttps:\/\/tieba.baidu.com\/f?kw=tb_name&pn=50 * (page_num – 1)\n <\/li>\n

                                                                                                                        • \n

                                                                                                                          \u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6293\u53d610\u9875\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u9875\u7684url\u5730\u5740\u6784\u9020\u597d，\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                          import requests<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                          # url\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6a21\u677f
                                                                                                                          \nbase_url = "https:\/\/tieba.baidu.com\/f?kw={}&pn={}"<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                          # \u83b7\u53d6\u8981\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u8d34\u5427\u7684\u540d\u5b57
                                                                                                                          \ntb_name = input('\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u8981\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u8d34\u5427\u7684\u540d\u5b57：')
                                                                                                                          \n# \u83b7\u53d6\u8981\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u9875\u6570
                                                                                                                          \npage_num = int(input('\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u8981\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u9875\u6570：'))<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                          # \u6784\u9020url\u5730\u5740
                                                                                                                          \nurl_list = [base_url.format(tb_name, i * 50) for i in range(page_num)]<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                          print(url_list)\n <\/li>\n

                                                                                                                        • \n

                                                                                                                          \u6784\u9020\u597d\u7684url\u5730\u5740\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a：<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                                                          \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            \n
                                                                                                                          • \n

                                                                                                                            \u904d\u5386\u6784\u9020\u597d\u7684url\u5730\u5740，\u5206\u522b\u5bf9url\u5730\u5740\u53bb\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42，\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e，\u518d\u5206\u522b\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e00\u9875\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            # \u51c6\u5907headers\u4e2d\u7684User-Agent
                                                                                                                            \nheaders = {
                                                                                                                            \n "User-Agent": "Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/90.0.4430.93 Safari\/537.36"
                                                                                                                            \n}
                                                                                                                            \n# \u904d\u5386\u6bcf\u4e00\u9875\u7684url\u5730\u5740，\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42 \u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94
                                                                                                                            \nfor url in url_list:
                                                                                                                            \n response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
                                                                                                                            \n # \u5c06\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5bb9，\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d
                                                                                                                            \n # \u6784\u9020\u6587\u4ef6\u540d
                                                                                                                            \n file_name = tb_name + "\u7b2c{}\u9875.html".format(url_list.index(url) + 1)
                                                                                                                            \n # \u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6，\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d
                                                                                                                            \n with open(file_name, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                                                                                                                            \n f.write(response.content.decode())<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            print(file_name, '\u4fdd\u5b58\u6210\u529f')<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            # \u8bbe\u7f6etime.sleep() \u9632\u6b62\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u8fc7\u5feb
                                                                                                                            \n time.sleep(2)\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                                                                                                            3. \u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n

                                                                                                                            \u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            import time<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            import requests<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            # url\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6a21\u677f
                                                                                                                            \nbase_url = "https:\/\/tieba.baidu.com\/f?kw={}&pn={}"<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            # \u83b7\u53d6\u8981\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u8d34\u5427\u7684\u540d\u5b57
                                                                                                                            \ntb_name = input('\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u8981\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u8d34\u5427\u7684\u540d\u5b57：')
                                                                                                                            \n# \u83b7\u53d6\u8981\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u9875\u6570
                                                                                                                            \npage_num = int(input('\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u8981\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u9875\u6570：'))<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            # \u6784\u9020url\u5730\u5740
                                                                                                                            \nurl_list = [base_url.format(tb_name, i * 50) for i in range(page_num)]<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            # \u51c6\u5907headers\u4e2d\u7684User-Agent
                                                                                                                            \nheaders = {
                                                                                                                            \n "User-Agent": "Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/90.0.4430.93 Safari\/537.36"
                                                                                                                            \n}
                                                                                                                            \n# \u904d\u5386\u6bcf\u4e00\u9875\u7684url\u5730\u5740，\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42 \u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94
                                                                                                                            \nfor i, url in enumerate(url_list):
                                                                                                                            \n response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
                                                                                                                            \n # \u5c06\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5bb9，\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d
                                                                                                                            \n # \u6784\u9020\u6587\u4ef6\u540d
                                                                                                                            \n file_name = tb_name + "\u7b2c{}\u9875.html".format(i + 1)
                                                                                                                            \n # \u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6，\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d
                                                                                                                            \n with open(file_name, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                                                                                                                            \n f.write(response.content.decode())<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            print(file_name, '\u4fdd\u5b58\u6210\u529f')<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            # \u8bbe\u7f6etime.sleep() \u9632\u6b62\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u8fc7\u5feb
                                                                                                                            \n time.sleep(2)<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            \u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            \"\"<\/p>\n

                                                                                                                            \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                                                                                            \u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb804\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e11\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf14\u6b21\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecdrequests\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u643a\u5e26\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53d1\u9001post\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u643a\u5e26Cookie\u53ca\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":39769,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[81,190,677],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-39789","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-python","tag-190","tag-677"],"yoast_head":"\nPython \u722c\u866b\u4e4brequests \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5e94\u7528 - 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