{"id":38882,"date":"2025-05-21T17:37:57","date_gmt":"2025-05-21T09:37:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38882.html"},"modified":"2025-05-21T17:37:57","modified_gmt":"2025-05-21T09:37:57","slug":"node-js%e8%81%8a%e5%a4%a9%e5%ae%a4%e5%bc%80%e5%8f%91%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e9%9b%b6%e5%88%b0%e4%b8%8a%e7%ba%bf%e7%9a%84%e5%ae%8c%e6%95%b4%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38882.html","title":{"rendered":"Node.js\u804a\u5929\u5ba4\u5f00\u53d1\uff1a\u4ece\u96f6\u5230\u4e0a\u7ebf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e3a\u8ba9\u4f60\u5168\u9762\u4e86\u89e3Node.js\u804a\u5929\u5ba4\u5f00\u53d1，\u6211\u4f1a\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5f00\u53d1\u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u6808，\u518d\u6309\u642d\u5efa\u9879\u76ee\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u90e8\u7f72\u4e0a\u7ebf\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5c55\u5f00，\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5206\u4eab\u4f18\u5316\u601d\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n

Node.js\u804a\u5929\u5ba4\u5f00\u53d1\u5b9e\u6218：\u4ece\u5165\u95e8\u5230\u4e0a\u7ebf<\/h2>\n

\u5728\u5373\u65f6\u901a\u8baf\u65e5\u76ca\u666e\u53ca\u7684\u4eca\u5929，\u57fa\u4e8eNode.js\u642d\u5efa\u804a\u5929\u5ba4\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u9ad8\u6548\u7684I\/O\u5904\u7406\u548c\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7279\u6027\u5907\u53d7\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9752\u7750\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u5e26\u9886\u5927\u5bb6\u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb，\u5229\u7528Node.js\u548cWebSocket\u6280\u672f\u6253\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\u804a\u5929\u5ba4，\u5e76\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u8981\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6280\u672f\u6808\u9009\u62e9<\/h3>\n
  • Node.js：\u4f5c\u4e3a\u540e\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u8bed\u8a00，Node.js\u57fa\u4e8eChrome V8\u5f15\u64ce，\u80fd\u591f\u9ad8\u6548\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c，\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u5b9e\u65f6\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u3002<\/li>\n
  • Express.js：\u7b80\u6d01\u7075\u6d3b\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\u6846\u67b6，\u7528\u4e8e\u642d\u5efaNode.js\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u8def\u7531\u3002<\/li>\n
  • WebSocket：\u5728TCP\u534f\u8bae\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae，\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53cc\u5411\u7684\u3001\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u901a\u9053，\u4f7f\u5f97\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u65f6\u76f8\u4e92\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e，\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u5b9e\u73b0\u804a\u5929\u5ba4\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n
  • HTML\/CSS\/JavaScript：\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u804a\u5929\u5ba4\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u754c\u9762，\u5b9e\u73b0\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u9879\u76ee\u642d\u5efa<\/h3>\n

    2.1 \u521b\u5efa\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n

    \u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4，\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55\u5e76\u8fdb\u5165\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55：<\/p>\n

    mkdir<\/span> nodejs-chat-room
    \ncd<\/span> nodejs-chat-room<\/p>\n

    2.2 \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9879\u76ee<\/h4>\n

    \u4f7f\u7528npm init -y\u547d\u4ee4\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9879\u76ee，\u751f\u6210package.json\u6587\u4ef6，\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f：<\/p>\n

    npm<\/span> init -y<\/p>\n

    2.3 \u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56<\/h4>\n

    \u5b89\u88c5Express.js\u548cWebSocket\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56：<\/p>\n

    npm<\/span> install<\/span> express ws<\/p>\n

    \u5176\u4e2d，express\u7528\u4e8e\u642d\u5efa\u670d\u52a1\u5668，ws\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684WebSocket\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e09\u3001\u540e\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1<\/h3>\n

    3.1 \u642d\u5efaExpress\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h4>\n

    \u5728\u9879\u76ee\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efaserver.js\u6587\u4ef6，\u7f16\u5199\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u642d\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684Express\u670d\u52a1\u5668：<\/p>\n

    const<\/span> express =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>'express'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nconst<\/span> http =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>'http'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nconst<\/span> app =<\/span> express<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nconst<\/span> server =<\/span> http.<\/span>createServer<\/span>(<\/span>app)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \napp.<\/span>use<\/span>(<\/span>express.<\/span>static<\/span>(<\/span>'public'<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nconst<\/span> port =<\/span> 3000<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nserver.<\/span>listen<\/span>(<\/span>port,<\/span> (<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
    \n console.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>`<\/span>Server running on http:\/\/localhost:<\/span>${<\/span>port}<\/span><\/span>`<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5165\u4e86express\u548chttp\u6a21\u5757，\u521b\u5efa\u4e86Express\u5e94\u7528\u548cHTTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u5e76\u5c06public\u76ee\u5f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u76ee\u5f55，\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u524d\u7aef\u7684HTML\u3001CSS\u548cJavaScript\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6700\u540e，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c3000\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

    3.2 \u96c6\u6210WebSocket<\/h4>\n

    \u5728server.js\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0WebSocket\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801，\u5b9e\u73b0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1：<\/p>\n

    const<\/span> WebSocket =<\/span> require<\/span>(<\/span>'ws'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nconst<\/span> wss =<\/span> new<\/span> WebSocket.<\/span>Server<\/span>(<\/span>{<\/span>server}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nwss.<\/span>on<\/span>(<\/span>'connection'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>ws<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
    \n ws.<\/span>on<\/span>(<\/span>'message'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>message<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
    \n wss.<\/span>clients.<\/span>forEach<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>client<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
    \n if<\/span> (<\/span>client !==<\/span> ws &&<\/span> client.<\/span>readyState ===<\/span> WebSocket.<\/span>OPEN<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n client.<\/span>send<\/span>(<\/span>message)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n ws.<\/span>on<\/span>(<\/span>'close'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
    \n console.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'Client disconnected'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aWebSocket\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b9e\u4f8bwss，\u5e76\u76d1\u542c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5f53\u6709\u65b0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6，\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1connection\u4e8b\u4ef6，\u5728\u8be5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u76d1\u542c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e8b\u4ef6message，\u5c06\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9\u9664\u53d1\u9001\u8005\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5728\u7ebf\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u540c\u65f6，\u76d1\u542c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u4e8b\u4ef6close，\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u76f8\u5173\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u56db\u3001\u524d\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1<\/h3>\n

    4.1 \u521b\u5efaHTML\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n

    \u5728public\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efaindex.html\u6587\u4ef6，\u7f16\u5199\u57fa\u672c\u7684HTML\u7ed3\u6784：<\/p>\n

    <!<\/span>DOCTYPE<\/span> html<\/span>><\/span><\/span>
    \n<<\/span>html<\/span> lang<\/span>=<\/span>"<\/span>en"<\/span><\/span>><\/span><\/span>
    \n <<\/span>head<\/span>><\/span><\/span>
    \n <<\/span>meta<\/span> charset<\/span>=<\/span>"<\/span>UTF-8"<\/span><\/span> \/><\/span><\/span>
    \n <<\/span>meta<\/span> name<\/span>=<\/span>"<\/span>viewport"<\/span><\/span> content<\/span>=<\/span>"<\/span>width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"<\/span><\/span> \/><\/span><\/span>
    \n <<\/span>title<\/span>><\/span><\/span>Node.js Chat Room<\/<\/span>title<\/span>><\/span><\/span>
    \n <<\/span>style<\/span>><\/span><\/span>
    \n body<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n font-family<\/span>:<\/span> Arial,<\/span> sans-serif;<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>
    \n #chat-window<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n height<\/span>:<\/span> 300px;<\/span>
    \n overflow-y<\/span>:<\/span> scroll;<\/span>
    \n border<\/span>:<\/span> 1px solid #ccc;<\/span>
    \n padding<\/span>:<\/span> 10px;<\/span>
    \n margin-bottom<\/span>:<\/span> 10px;<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>
    \n #message-input<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n width<\/span>:<\/span> 80%;<\/span>
    \n padding<\/span>:<\/span> 5px;<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>
    \n #send-button<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n padding<\/span>:<\/span> 5px 10px;<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>
    \n <\/span><\/span><\/<\/span>style<\/span>><\/span><\/span>
    \n <\/<\/span>head<\/span>><\/span><\/span>
    \n <<\/span>body<\/span>><\/span><\/span>
    \n <<\/span>div<\/span> id<\/span>=<\/span>"<\/span>chat-window"<\/span><\/span>><\/span><\/span><\/<\/span>div<\/span>><\/span><\/span>
    \n <<\/span>input<\/span> type<\/span>=<\/span>"<\/span>text"<\/span><\/span> id<\/span>=<\/span>"<\/span>message-input"<\/span><\/span> placeholder<\/span>=<\/span>"<\/span>Type your message"<\/span><\/span> \/><\/span><\/span>
    \n <<\/span>button<\/span> id<\/span>=<\/span>"<\/span>send-button"<\/span><\/span>><\/span><\/span>Send<\/<\/span>button<\/span>><\/span><\/span>
    \n <<\/span>script<\/span> src<\/span>=<\/span>"<\/span>script.js"<\/span><\/span>><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/<\/span>script<\/span>><\/span><\/span>
    \n <\/<\/span>body<\/span>><\/span><\/span>
    \n<\/<\/span>html<\/span>><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u804a\u5929\u5ba4\u7684\u754c\u9762\u7ed3\u6784，\u5305\u62ec\u804a\u5929\u7a97\u53e3\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u8f93\u5165\u6846\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u6309\u94ae，\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684CSS\u6837\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

    4.2 \u7f16\u5199JavaScript\u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n

    \u5728public\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efascript.js\u6587\u4ef6，\u7f16\u5199\u524d\u7aefJavaScript\u4ee3\u7801，\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0eWebSocket\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u6d88\u606f\u4ea4\u4e92：<\/p>\n

    const<\/span> socket =<\/span> new<\/span> WebSocket<\/span>(<\/span>'ws:\/\/localhost:3000'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nconst<\/span> chatWindow =<\/span> document.<\/span>getElementById<\/span>(<\/span>'chat-window'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nconst<\/span> messageInput =<\/span> document.<\/span>getElementById<\/span>(<\/span>'message-input'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nconst<\/span> sendButton =<\/span> document.<\/span>getElementById<\/span>(<\/span>'send-button'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nsocket.<\/span>addEventListener<\/span>(<\/span>'open'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
    \n console.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'Connected to server'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nsocket.<\/span>addEventListener<\/span>(<\/span>'message'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>event<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
    \n const<\/span> message =<\/span> document.<\/span>createElement<\/span>(<\/span>'p'<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n message.<\/span>textContent =<\/span> event.<\/span>data;<\/span>
    \n chatWindow.<\/span>appendChild<\/span>(<\/span>message)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n chatWindow.<\/span>scrollTop =<\/span> chatWindow.<\/span>scrollHeight;<\/span>
    \n}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nsendButton.<\/span>addEventListener<\/span>(<\/span>'click'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
    \n const<\/span> message =<\/span> messageInput.<\/span>value;<\/span>
    \n if<\/span> (<\/span>message)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n socket.<\/span>send<\/span>(<\/span>message)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n messageInput.<\/span>value =<\/span> ''<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>
    \n}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nmessageInput.<\/span>addEventListener<\/span>(<\/span>'keydown'<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>event<\/span>)<\/span> =><\/span> {<\/span>
    \n if<\/span> (<\/span>event.<\/span>key ===<\/span> 'Enter'<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n sendButton.<\/span>click<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>
    \n}<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86WebSocket\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5e76\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u672c\u5730\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76843000\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u76d1\u542copen\u4e8b\u4ef6，\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u65f6\u6253\u5370\u65e5\u5fd7；\u76d1\u542cmessage\u4e8b\u4ef6，\u5c06\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u663e\u793a\u5728\u804a\u5929\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d，\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u6eda\u52a8\u5230\u6700\u65b0\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u540c\u65f6，\u4e3a\u53d1\u9001\u6309\u94ae\u548c\u6d88\u606f\u8f93\u5165\u6846\u7684\u56de\u8f66\u952e\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6，\u5b9e\u73b0\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e94\u3001\u9879\u76ee\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0e\u90e8\u7f72<\/h3>\n

    5.1 \u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n

    \u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8fdb\u5165\u9879\u76ee\u6839\u76ee\u5f55，\u6267\u884cnode server.js\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u6253\u5f00http:\/\/localhost:3000，\u5373\u53ef\u8fdb\u5165\u804a\u5929\u5ba4\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u6253\u5f00\u591a\u4e2a\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7a97\u53e3\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5，\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u67e5\u770b\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7a97\u53e3\u5b9e\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

    5.2 \u90e8\u7f72<\/h4>\n

    \u9879\u76ee\u90e8\u7f72\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5c06\u5176\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a，\u5982\u963f\u91cc\u4e91\u3001\u817e\u8baf\u4e91\u7b49\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

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