{"id":38742,"date":"2025-05-21T10:34:39","date_gmt":"2025-05-21T02:34:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38742.html"},"modified":"2025-05-21T10:34:39","modified_gmt":"2025-05-21T02:34:39","slug":"oracle%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38742.html","title":{"rendered":"Oracle\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

1.\u522b\u540d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n

2.AND\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8\u4e8eOR<\/p>\n

3.where\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u522b\u540d，order by\u540e\u9762\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5<\/p>\n

4.Oracle\u4e2dSQL\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f(\u91cd\u70b9)<\/p>\n

5.dual\u4e07\u7528\u8868<\/p>\n

6.\u662f\u5426\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199<\/p>\n

7.Oracle\u5e38\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

8.Oracle\u5e38\u7528\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n

(1)length\u5b57\u7b26\u3001lengthb\u5b57\u8282\u548ccast\u5f3a\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362<\/p>\n

(2)\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362<\/p>\n

to_date()：\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u65e5\u671f\u7c7b\u578b\u00a0<\/p>\n

to_char()：\u5c06\u65e5\u671f\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u6216\u6570\u5b57\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u683c\u5f0f<\/p>\n

to_number()：\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

9.NOT BETWEEN\u00a0 AND \u53cd\u5411\u533a\u95f4<\/p>\n

10.NOT IN<\/p>\n

11.LIKE\u6a21\u7cca\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n

12.\u7a7a\u503cNULL<\/p>\n

(1)\u7a7a\u503c\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4<\/p>\n

(2)\u7a7a\u503c\u7684\u6392\u5e8f<\/p>\n

(3)\u7a7a\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97<\/p>\n

(4)\u7a7a\u503c\u8f6c\u6362NVL\u4e0eNVL2<\/p>\n

\n

1.\u522b\u540d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n

\u00a0\u522b\u540d–\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u7ec4\u6210，\u4e0d\u80fd\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u6253\u5934<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\n

\n

\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u5b57\u6bcd\u5f00\u5934；<\/span><\/p>\n

\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7 30\u00a0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26；<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53ea\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5b57\u6bcd（A-Z\u3001a-z）\u3001\u6570\u5b57（0-9）\u3001\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf（_）\u548c\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u53f7（$）；<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528 Oracle \u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57（\u6bd4\u5982：SELECT\u3001FROM\u3001WHERE\u2026\u2026）；<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u80fd\u548c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4e0b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\u91cd\u540d；<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u522b\u540d，as\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565<\/p>\n

\u8868\u7684\u522b\u540d\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528as\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u6216\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u522b\u540d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u522b\u540d\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

select ename \u5458\u5de5\u59d3\u540d, sal as "\u5458\u5de5\u85aa\u8d44", deptno "\u90e8\u95e8\u7f16\u53f7"
\n from emp
\n where job = 'SALESMAN';<\/p>\n

2.AND\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8\u4e8eOR<\/h3>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u62ec\u53f7\u660e\u786e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7：<\/p>\n

SELECT * FROM employees
\nWHERE (dept_id = 10 OR dept_id = 20) AND salary > 5000; <\/p>\n

3.where\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u522b\u540d，order by\u540e\u9762\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5<\/h3>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6839\u636eOracle\u4e2dSQL\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u6765\u7684，\u8be6\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u00a0<\/p>\n

4.Oracle\u4e2dSQL\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f(\u91cd\u70b9)<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
  • FROM：\u9996\u5148\u786e\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90，\u5305\u62ec\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u7b49，\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u4f55\u8fde\u63a5(JOIN)\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n
  • WHERE：\u5e94\u7528\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6761\u4ef6\u6765\u7b5b\u9009\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n
  • GROUP BY：\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u6309\u6307\u5b9a\u5217\u5206\u7ec4\u3002<\/li>\n
  • HAVING：\u5bf9\u5206\u7ec4\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u6761\u4ef6\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3002<\/li>\n
  • SELECT：\u9009\u62e9\u9700\u8981\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5217\u6216\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f，\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u8ba1\u7b97\u6216\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n
  • ORDER BY：\u6839\u636e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5217\u5bf9\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n
  • OFFSET-FETCH\/ROWNUM：\u9650\u5236\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u884c\u6570（\u5982\u5206\u9875\u529f\u80fd）\u3002\u6ce8\u610f，OFFSET-FETCH\u662f\u8f83\u65b0\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5，\u800cROWNUM\u662fOracle\u7279\u6709\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n

    5.dual\u4e07\u7528\u8868<\/h3>\n

    dual\/\u4e07\u80fd\u8868\/\u4f2a\u8868 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    Oracle \u4e2ddual\u8868\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3\u8bed\u6cd5\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fbf\u5229\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    dual\u8868\u662f Oracle \u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178\u4e00\u8d77\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u884c\u5355\u5217\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8868，\u5b83\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5217<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u865a\u62df\u7684，\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    select 7+9 from dual;<\/p>\n

    select sysdate from dual; <\/p>\n

    6.\u662f\u5426\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199<\/h3>\n

    \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u91cc\u9762\u8981\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199<\/p>\n

    \u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u7684：\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u3001\u8868\u540d<\/p>\n

    select * from emp where ename='SCOTT'; <\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    select * from emp where ename='scott'; <\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    7.Oracle\u5e38\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n\n\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7c7b\u522b\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u63cf\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\/\u5907\u6ce8<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u6570\u503c\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\nNUMBER(p,s)<\/span><\/td>\n\n

    \u5b58\u50a8\u56fa\u5b9a\u6216\u6d6e\u52a8\u7684\u6570\u503c，<\/p>\n

    p\u662f\u7cbe\u5ea6（\u603b\u4f4d\u6570），s\u662f\u6807\u5ea6（\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u540e\u7684\u4f4d\u6570）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		NUMBER(5,2)\u00a0\u8868\u793a\u6700\u591a5\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57，\u5176\u4e2d2\u4f4d\u5728\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u4e4b\u540e\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\nVARCHAR2(size)<\/span><\/td>\n\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u5ea6\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b，size\u6307\u6700\u5927\u5b57\u8282\u957f\u5ea6，\u8303\u56f41\u52304000\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/td>\n\n

    VARCHAR2(100)\u00a0\u6700\u5927\u5b58\u50a8100\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    NVARCHAR2(size)<\/td>\n\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eVARCHAR2，\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/td>\nNVARCHAR2(100)\u00a0\u4f7f\u7528\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u5b58\u50a8\u6700\u591a100\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CHAR(size)<\/span><\/td>\n\u56fa\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b，\u5982\u679c\u63d2\u5165\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u77ed\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u957f\u5ea6，\u5219\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u586b\u5145\u81f3\u5b9a\u4e49\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/td>\nCHAR(100)\u00a0\u603b\u662f\u5360\u7528100\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    NCHAR(size)<\/td>\n\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eCHAR，\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u3002<\/td>\nNCHAR(100)\u00a0\u4f7f\u7528\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u5e76\u603b\u662f\u5360\u7528100\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    CLOB<\/td>\n\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5927\u578b\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u636e，\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u8fbe128TB\u3002<\/td>\n\u9002\u5408\u5b58\u50a8\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    NCLOB<\/td>\n\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u4f7f\u7528\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/td>\n\u4e0eCLOB\u7c7b\u4f3c，\u4f46\u652f\u6301\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u65e5\u671f\/\u65f6\u95f4\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\nDATE<\/span><\/td>\n\u5b58\u50a8\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f，\u7cbe\u786e\u5230\u79d2\u3002\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a：\u4e16\u7eaa\u3001\u5e74\u3001\u6708\u3001\u65e5\u3001\u65f6\u3001\u5206\u3001\u79d2\u3002<\/td>\n\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    TIMESTAMP<\/span><\/td>\n\u7c7b\u4f3cDATE，\u4f46\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7cbe\u5ea6（\u7eb3\u79d2\u7ea7），\u5e76\u53ef\u9009\u5305\u542b\u65f6\u533a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/td>\nTIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE\u00a0\u6216\u00a0TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b（LOB）<\/td>\nBLOB<\/td>\n\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61，\u5982\u56fe\u50cf\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u7b49，\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u8fbe128TB\u3002<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    BFILE<\/td>\n\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u6307\u5411\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5916\u90e8\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u539f\u59cb\u548cROWID\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\nRAW(size)<\/td>\n\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e\u6216\u5b57\u8282\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32，\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u5b9a\u6700\u5927\u957f\u5ea6，\u8303\u56f4\u4ece1\u52302000\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    LONG RAW<\/td>\n\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eRAW，\u4f46\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e，\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u8fbe2GB\u3002（\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u7528\u4e8e\u65b0\u5e94\u7528）<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    ROWID<\/td>\n\u5b58\u50a8\u884c\u7684\u5730\u5740，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684ROWID\u3002<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\nBOOLEAN<\/td>\n\u4ec5\u5728PL\/SQL\u4e2d\u53ef\u7528，\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u903b\u8f91\u5e03\u5c14\u503c（TRUE, FALSE, NULL）\u3002\u6ce8\u610f，\u5728SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u652f\u6301BOOLEAN\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    XMLType<\/td>\n\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8XML\u6570\u636e，\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9488\u5bf9XML\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    CHAR()\u548cVARCHAR2()\u533a\u522b：<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    CHAR<\/span><\/span>()\u59cb\u7ec8\u5360\u7528\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6700\u5927\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4，\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u957f\u5ea6\u5c0f\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6，\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u683c\u586b\u5145\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    VARCHAR2<\/span><\/span>()\u53ea\u5360\u7528\u5b9e\u9645\u5b57\u7b26\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4，\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u5ea6<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    8.Oracle\u5e38\u7528\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n

    (1)length\u5b57\u7b26\u3001lengthb\u5b57\u8282\u548ccast\u5f3a\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362<\/h4>\n

    LENGTH(x)：\u8fd4\u56de\u5b57\u7b26\u4e2a\u6570 11\u00a0'WH'\u00a0'\u4f60\u597d'\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>— \u6587\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d<\/span><\/p>\n

    LENGTHB(x)：\u8fd4\u56de\u5b57\u8282\u6570 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>— \u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d<\/span><\/p>\n

    CAST()：\u8f6c\u6362\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span>— cast('123' as number)<\/span><\/p>\n

    — \u4e00\u4e2a\u82f1\u6587\/\u6570\u5b57\u5360\u75281\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282 — \u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u6587\u5360\u75282\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282 — GBK：\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\u5360\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282 — utf-8：\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c49\u5b57\u5360\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282<\/span><\/p>\n

    select lengthb('\u4f60\u597d') from dual; — 4<\/p>\n

    select length('\u4f60\u597d') from dual; — 2<\/p>\n

    select length(cast(123 as char(4))) from dual; — 4<\/p>\n

    SELECT LENGTH(11), — 2
    \n LENGTH('HH'), — 2
    \n LENGTHB('HH') — 2
    \nFROM DUAL;<\/p>\n

    (2)\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362<\/h4>\n

    –\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362 \u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u7d22\u5f15\u5931\u6548<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    SELECT\u00a0ename e1,ENAME E2–\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199
    \nFROM\u00a0EMP
    \nWHERE\u00a0DEPTNO='10'; — \u9519\u8bef\u5199\u6cd5，\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7d22\u5f15\u5931\u6548 <\/p>\n

    to_date()：\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u65e5\u671f\u7c7b\u578b\u00a0<\/h5>\n

    TO_DATE(string, format_model) <\/p>\n

    \u6ce8\u610f：\u524d\u540e\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n

    TO_DATE \u62ec\u53f7\u91cc\u9762 \u5e74\u6708\u65e5\u5fc5\u987b\u5b8c\u6574 \u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    select to_date('20250520', 'YYYYMMDD') as a1,
    \n to_date('2025-05-20', 'YYYY-MM-DD') as a2
    \n from dual; <\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u4f8b\u9898：\u67e5\u8be2 \u6240\u6709 1982\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u5165\u804c\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u85aa\u8d44，\u8f93\u51fa：\u5458\u5de5\u59d3\u540d \u00a0 \u5458\u5de5\u5165\u804c\u65f6\u95f4 \u00a0\u5458\u5de5\u85aa\u8d44<\/p>\n

    select EMPNO, hiredate, SAL
    \n from emp
    \n where hiredate < to_date('1982-01-01', 'yyyy-MM-DD')<\/p>\n

    \n
    to_char()：\u5c06\u65e5\u671f\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u6216\u6570\u5b57\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u683c\u5f0f<\/h5>\n

    TO_CHAR \u62ec\u53f7\u91cc\u9762 \u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u53d6\u5e74 \u00a0\u53ea\u53d6\u6708 \u00a0\u53ea\u53d6\u65e5<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    select hiredate as a1,
    \n to_char(hiredate, 'YYYYMMDD') as a2,
    \n to_char(hiredate, 'YYYY-MM-DD') as a3,
    \n to_char(hiredate, 'MM\/DD\/YYYY') as a4,
    \n to_char(hiredate, 'YYYY') as a5,
    \n to_char(hiredate, 'MM\/DD') as a6
    \n from emp; <\/p>\n

    \u4f7f\u7528to_char()\u67e5\u8be21982\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u5165\u804c\u7684\u5458\u5de5：\u00a0<\/p>\n

    select * from emp where to_char(hiredate, 'yyyy') < 1982;<\/p>\n

    select * from emp where to_number(to_char(hiredate, 'yyyy')) < 1982;<\/p>\n

    \u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4 \u4ee5\u5e74\u6708\u65e5\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c55\u793a，\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u65e5\u671f\u7c7b\u578b：<\/p>\n

    — \u601d\u8def：
    \nSELECT SYSDATE FROM DUAL;–\u67e5\u770b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u65f6\u95f4\u6837\u5f0f<\/p>\n

    SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YYYYMMDD') FROM DUAL;–\u63d0\u53d6\u5e74\u6708\u65e5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

    SELECT TO_DATE(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YYYYMMDD'),'YYYYMMDD')–\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u65e5\u671f\u683c\u5f0f
    \nFROM DUAL; <\/p>\n

    to_number()：\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57\u7c7b\u578b<\/h5>\n

    \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u9760\u5de6，\u6570\u5b57\u7c7b\u578b\u9760\u53f3<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u603b\u7ed3：<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u65e5\u671f \u2192 \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7c7b\u578b ：TO_CHAR(\u65e5\u671f\u5b57\u6bb5,'\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f') \u00a0'YYYYMMDD'\/'YYYY'<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7c7b\u578b \u2192 \u65e5\u671f ：TO_DATE(\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32,'\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f') 'YYYYMMDD'\/'YYYY-MM-DD'<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 \u2192 \u6570\u5b57\u7c7b\u578b ：TO_NUMBER(\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32) \u00a0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528 \u505a\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362<\/span><\/p>\n

    –\u7ec3\u4e60：\u67e5\u8be2\u5165\u804c\u65f6\u95f4\u57281981\u5e74\u7684\u5458\u5de5
    \n–TO_CAHR
    \nSELECT *
    \nFROM EMP
    \nWHERE TO_CHAR(HIREDATE, 'YYYY') = '1981';
    \n–TO_DATE
    \nSELECT *
    \nFROM EMP
    \nWHERE HIREDATE >= TO_DATE('19810101', 'YYYYMMDD')
    \n AND HIREDATE <= TO_DATE('19811231', 'YYYYMMDD');
    \n–NUMBER–CAST
    \nSELECT *
    \nFROM EMP
    \nWHERE CAST(TO_CHAR(HIREDATE, 'YYYY') AS NUMBER) = 1981; <\/p>\n

    9.NOT BETWEEN\u00a0 AND \u53cd\u5411\u533a\u95f4<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

    NOT BETWEEN\u00a0 AND <\/span><\/span>\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u6700\u5927\u503c\u548c\u6700\u5c0f\u503c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    BETWEEN\u00a0 AND \u662f\u5305\u62ec\u7aef\u70b9\u503c\u7684<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    SELECT *
    \nFROM EMP
    \nWHERE SAL NOT BETWEEN 1000 AND 2000;
    \n–WHERE SAL>2000 OR SAL<1000; <\/p>\n

    10.NOT IN<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u793a\u4f8b：\u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u662f\u7ecf\u7406(MANAGER) \u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u5458(CLERK)\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0–AND\/OR<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    SELECT *
    \nFROM EMP
    \nWHERE JOB <> 'MANAGER'
    \n AND JOB <> 'CLERK';
    \n–WHERE JOB NOT IN ('MANAGER','CLERK') <\/p>\n

    \u4f8b\u9898：\u627e\u51fa \u6240\u6709 <\/span>10<\/span>\u53f7\u90e8\u95e8 \u4ee5\u53ca <\/span>20<\/span>\u00a0\u53f7\u90e8\u95e8 \u4ee5\u53ca \u85aa\u8d44 \u4e0d\u5728 <\/span>2000<\/span>\u00a0~ <\/span>3000\u00a0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8f93\u51fa：ENAME,SAL,DEPTNO\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0–IN（X,Y,Z\u2026）<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    SELECT ENAME, SAL, DEPTNO
    \nFROM EMP
    \nWHERE DEPTNO IN (10, 20)
    \n AND SAL NOT BETWEEN 2000 AND 3000; <\/p>\n

    11.LIKE\u6a21\u7cca\u67e5\u8be2<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u662f LIKE\u00a0(\u957f\u7684\u50cf…) \u4e24\u4e2a \u901a\u914d\u7b26 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0% ：\u8868\u793a 0\u4f4d\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0_ \u00a0\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u8868\u793a \u00a0\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b57\u7b26 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u793a\u4f8b：\u67e5\u8be2EMP\u8868\u4e2d\u59d3\u540d\u5305\u542bS\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    SELECT *
    \nFROM EMP
    \n–WHERE ENAME LIKE '%S%'
    \n–WHERE ENAME LIKE '%S'
    \nWHERE ENAME LIKE 'S%'; <\/p>\n

    \u793a\u4f8b：\u627e\u51fa \u59d3\u540d\u662f S\u5f00\u5934 \u4e14\u662f\u4e94\u4f4d\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u59d3\u540d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    SELECT ENAME
    \nFROM EMP
    \nWHERE ENAME LIKE 'S%'
    \n AND LENGTH(ENAME) = 5; –\u4e94\u4f4d\u957f\u5ea6<\/p>\n

    SELECT ENAME
    \nFROM EMP
    \nWHERE ENAME LIKE 'S____'; — 4\u4e2a_ <\/p>\n

    \u67e5\u8be2\u51fa\u540d\u5b57\u662f5\u4e2a\u5b57，\u5e76\u4e14\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u662fC\u7684<\/p>\n

    SELECT ENAME
    \nFROM EMP
    \n–WHERE ENAME LIKE '_C___'
    \nWHERE LENGTH(ENAME) = 5 –5\u4f4d\u957f\u5ea6
    \nAND ENAME LIKE '_C%'; <\/p>\n

    12.\u7a7a\u503cNULL<\/h3>\n

    (1)\u7a7a\u503c\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4 <\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n

    \u9700\u8981 \u7528 <\/span>IS<\/span>\u00a0NULL<\/span>\u00a0\/ IS<\/span>\u00a0NOT<\/span>\u00a0NULL\u6765\u5224\u65ad<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u793a\u4f8b：\u7b5b\u9009 \u5956\u91d1\u4e3a \u7a7a(\u6ca1\u6709\u5956\u91d1) \u7684\u5458\u5de5\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    SELECT\u00a0* FROM\u00a0EMP WHERE\u00a0COMM IS\u00a0NULL; <\/p>\n

    (2)\u7a7a\u503c\u7684\u6392\u5e8f<\/h4>\n

    \u7a7a\u503c\u6392\u5e8f\u6c38\u8fdc\u5728\u6700\u5927<\/p>\n

    SELECT * FROM EMP ORDER BY COMM; <\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    –NULLS LAST \u6700\u540e –NULLS FIRST \u6700\u524d<\/span><\/p>\n

    SELECT * FROM EMP ORDER BY COMM NULLS first; <\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u793a\u4f8b：\u627e\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5956\u91d1\u7684\u5458\u5de5，\u8f93\u51fa\u5458\u5de5\u59d3\u540d \u00a0\u85aa\u8d44 \u00a0\u90e8\u95e8\u7f16\u53f7，\u5956\u91d1，\u5e76\u4e14\u6309\u7167\u85aa\u8d44\u7684\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    SELECT ENAME, SAL, DEPTNO, comm
    \nFROM EMP
    \nWHERE COMM IS NULL
    \n or comm = 0
    \n–WHERE nvl(comm,0)=0
    \nORDER BY SAL DESC; <\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    (3)\u7a7a\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97<\/span><\/h4>\n

    — \u7a7a\u503c\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd0\u7b97<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    — \u7a7a\u503c\u8ddf\u4efb\u4f55\u503c \u8fdb\u884c \u52a0\u51cf\u4e58\u9664 \u90fd\u662f\u5f97\u5230 \u7a7a(NULL)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    (4)\u7a7a\u503c\u8f6c\u6362<\/span><\/span>NVL\u4e0eNVL2<\/h4>\n

    NVL(expr1, expr2) <\/p>\n

    \u5982\u679c\u00a0expr1\u00a0\u4e3a\u975e NULL，\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u00a0expr1；\u5982\u679c\u00a0expr1\u00a0\u4e3a NULL，\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u00a0expr2\u3002<\/p>\n

    NVL2(\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f,\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\u8bbe\u503c,\u4e3a\u7a7a\u8bbe\u503c)
    \nSELECT NVL(comm, 0) FROM EMP;
    \nSELECT NVL2(null, 1, 0) FROM dual; <\/p>\n

    \u793a\u4f8b：\u627e\u51fa\u5e74\u6536\u5165\u9ad8\u4e8e3\u4e07\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u4fe1\u606f(\u5e74\u6536\u5165 = (\u85aa\u8d44+\u5956\u91d1) * <\/span>12)，<\/span><\/span>\u5e76\u4e14\u8f93\u51fa\u5458\u5de5\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u5458\u5de5\u85aa\u8d44\u3001\u5956\u91d1\u3001\u5e74\u6536\u5165\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u6309\u7167\u5e74\u6536\u5165\u7684\u5012\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    select ename
    \n , sal
    \n , nvl(comm, 0)
    \n , 12 * (sal + nvl(comm, 0)) year_sal–\u5e74\u6536\u5165
    \nfrom emp
    \nwhere 12 * (sal + nvl(comm, 0)) > 30000–\u5e74\u6536\u5165\u9ad8\u4e8e3\u4e07
    \norder by year_sal desc; <\/p>\n

    \u603b\u7ed3：<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u7a7a\u503c：\u672a\u77e5\u7684 \u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u6570 \u4e0d\u662f0 \u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u683c<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • NULL<\/span><\/span>\u6392\u5e8f\u5728\u6700\u5927<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • \u5bf9 null\u00a0\u505a+-*\/\u8fd0\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8fd8\u662f NULL<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
    • NULL\u00a0\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u6bd4\u8f83<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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