{"id":38704,"date":"2025-05-21T08:26:03","date_gmt":"2025-05-21T00:26:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38704.html"},"modified":"2025-05-21T08:26:03","modified_gmt":"2025-05-21T00:26:03","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bf%ae%e6%94%b9%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e5%91%98%e8%b4%a6%e5%8f%b7%e5%90%8d%e5%92%8c%e5%af%86%e7%a0%81%ef%bc%881%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38704.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u6539\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8d26\u53f7\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\uff081\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u6790sudo useradd -m -s \/bin\/bash \u65b0\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/h2>\n

1. sudo<\/h3>\n

\u4f5c\u7528：\u4ee5\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237(root)\u6743\u9650\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981：\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6(\/etc\/passwd, \/etc\/shadow\u7b49)，\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6743\u9650 \u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848：\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u662froot\u7528\u6237，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u52a0sudo<\/p>\n

2. useradd<\/h3>\n

\u4f5c\u7528：Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u547d\u4ee4 \u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4： adduser：\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d1\u884c\u7248(\u5982Debian)\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u66f4\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5de5\u5177 newusers：\u6279\u91cf\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n

3. -m \u9009\u9879<\/h3>\n

\u5168\u79f0：\u2013create-home \u4f5c\u7528：\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55(home directory) \u76ee\u5f55\u4f4d\u7f6e：\u901a\u5e38\u5728\/home\/\u7528\u6237\u540d \u5305\u542b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6：\u4f1a\u4ece\/etc\/skel\u76ee\u5f55\u590d\u5236\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6(bashrc\u3001profile\u7b49) \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0：\u7528\u6237\u5c06\u6ca1\u6709\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55，\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n

4. -s \/bin\/bash \u9009\u9879<\/h3>\n

\u5168\u79f0：\u2013shell \u4f5c\u7528：\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u767b\u5f55shell \/bin\/bash：Bourne-Again Shell，\u529f\u80fd\u6700\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5e38\u7528shell \u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c1shell： \/bin\/sh：Bourne Shell，\u66f4\u8f7b\u91cf \/bin\/zsh：Z Shell，\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927 \/sbin\/nologin：\u7981\u6b62\u767b\u5f55\u7684shell(\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d26\u6237)<\/p>\n

5. \u65b0\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/h3>\n

\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u5219： \u901a\u5e38\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u5f00\u5934 \u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u6570\u5b57\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf \u957f\u5ea6\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc732\u5b57\u7b26 \u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u7a7a\u683c \u7cfb\u7edf\u4fdd\u7559\u540d：\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528root\u3001daemon\u3001bin\u7b49\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fdd\u7559\u540d\u79f0<\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u5316 \/etc\/passwd：\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\u7528\u6237\u8bb0\u5f55 \u65b0\u7528\u6237\u540d\u274cUID:GID:\u7528\u6237\u63cf\u8ff0:\/home\/\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u540d:\/bin\/bash \/etc\/shadow：\u521b\u5efa\u5bc6\u7801\u8bb0\u5f55(\u521d\u59cb\u65e0\u5bc6\u7801) \/etc\/group：\u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u540d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u7ec4 \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf：\u521b\u5efa\/home\/\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u540d\u76ee\u5f55 \u5b8c\u6574\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u6d41\u7a0b\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n

1. \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237<\/h3>\n

sudo<\/span> useradd<\/span> -m -s \/bin\/bash john<\/p>\n

2. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801(\u4f1a\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u4e24\u6b21)<\/h3>\n

sudo<\/span> passwd<\/span> john<\/p>\n

\u8c28\u614e\u64cd\u4f5c！！！！！！<\/p>\n

3. \u53ef\u9009：\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165sudo\u7ec4(\u6388\u4e88\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650)<\/h3>\n

sudo<\/span> usermod<\/span> -aG sudo<\/span> john<\/p>\n

4. \u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237<\/h3>\n

id<\/span> john<\/p>\n

\u5e94\u663e\u793a\u7c7b\u4f3c: uid=1001(john) gid=1001(john) groups=1001(john),27(sudo)<\/p>\n

5. \u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3<\/h3>\n

（1）\u7528\u6237\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u9519\u8bef：<\/p>\n

useradd: user 'john'<\/span> already exists<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u5148\u5220\u9664\u65e7\u7528\u6237sudo userdel -r john，\u6216\u9009\u62e9\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n

（2）\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u672a\u521b\u5efa： \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u9057\u6f0f\u4e86-m\u9009\u9879，\u53ef\u4ee5\u624b\u52a8\u521b\u5efa： sudo mkdir \/home\/john sudo cp -r \/etc\/skel\/. \/home\/john sudo chown -R john:john \/home\/john （3）shell\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528： \u786e\u4fdd\u6307\u5b9a\u7684shell\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\/etc\/shells\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d<\/p>\n

6. \u5b89\u5168\u5efa\u8bae<\/h3>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f3a\u5bc6\u7801 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u8d26\u6237(\u5982\u670d\u52a1\u8d26\u6237)，\u4f7f\u7528-s \/sbin\/nologin \u5b9a\u671f\u5ba1\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868cat \/etc\/passwd \u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528-u\u9009\u9879\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237ID，\u907f\u514d\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u914d\u51b2\u7a81 \u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u4e00，\u638c\u63e1\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u89e3\u6790sudo usermod -aG sudo \u65b0\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/h2>\n

1. usermod<\/h3>\n

\u5168\u79f0：user modify（\u7528\u6237\u4fee\u6539） \u529f\u80fd：\u4fee\u6539\u73b0\u6709\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u5c5e\u6027 \u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4： useradd：\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7528\u6237 userdel：\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237 passwd：\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n

2. -aG \u9009\u9879\u7ec4\u5408<\/h3>\n

-a (append)： \u4fdd\u6301\u7528\u6237\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u4e0d\u53d8 \u53ea\u8ffd\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u7ec4\u5173\u7cfb \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0\u6b64\u9009\u9879，\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u88ab\u79fb\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u6b21\u8981\u7ec4 -G (groups)： \u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4(secondary groups) \u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u591a\u4e2a\u7ec4，\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694<\/p>\n

3. sudo<\/h3>\n

\u76ee\u6807\u7ec4\u540d：\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650\u7ec4 \u4e0d\u540c\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u5dee\u5f02： Ubuntu\/Debian：sudo\u7ec4 RHEL\/CentOS：wheel\u7ec4 \u5176\u4ed6\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528admin\u6216operators<\/p>\n

4. \u65b0\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/h3>\n

\u8981\u6c42：\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237 \u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5：id \u65b0\u7528\u6237\u540d \u6216 grep \u65b0\u7528\u6237\u540d \/etc\/passwd<\/p>\n

5. \u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u6548\u679c<\/h3>\n

（1）\/etc\/group\u6587\u4ef6\u4fee\u6539： sudo\u274c27:user1,user2,\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u540d \u5728sudo\u7ec4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868\u672b\u5c3e\u8ffd\u52a0\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u540d （2）\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u53d8\u5316： \u83b7\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528sudo\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6743\u9650 \u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u9700\u8981root\u6743\u9650\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c （3）\u7acb\u5373\u751f\u6548： \u4fee\u6539\u540e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u542f\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u767b\u5f55\u5373\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

\u5b8c\u6574\u793a\u4f8b\u6d41\u7a0b<\/p>\n

1. \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237(\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728)<\/h4>\n

sudo<\/span> useradd<\/span> -m -s \/bin\/bash testuser<\/p>\n

2. \u6388\u4e88sudo\u6743\u9650<\/h4>\n

sudo<\/span> usermod<\/span> -aG sudo<\/span> testuser<\/p>\n

3. \u9a8c\u8bc1\u6743\u9650<\/h4>\n

sudo<\/span> -l -U testuser
\n#\u5e94\u663e\u793a：User testuser may run the following commands on this host:<\/span>
\n# (ALL : ALL) ALL<\/span><\/p>\n

4. \u68c0\u67e5\u7ec4\u6210\u5458<\/h4>\n

groups<\/span> testuser
\n# \u5e94\u663e\u793a：testuser : testuser sudo<\/span><\/p>\n

5. \u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3<\/h4>\n

（1）"group \u2018sudo\u2019 does not exist"\u9519\u8bef： CentOS\/RHEL\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528wheel\u7ec4： sudo usermod -aG wheel \u65b0\u7528\u6237\u540d \u6216\u8005\u521b\u5efasudo\u7ec4：sudo groupadd sudo （2）\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u751f\u6548： \u68c0\u67e5\/etc\/sudoers\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u7ec4： sudo grep '%sudo' \/etc\/sudoers \u5e94\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c：%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL （3）\u8bef\u79fb\u9664\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4： \u786e\u4fdd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86-a\u9009\u9879，\u5426\u5219\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u88ab\u79fb\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u6b21\u8981\u7ec4<\/p>\n

6. \u5b89\u5168\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h4>\n

（1）\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\u539f\u5219：\u53ea\u7ed9\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650\u7684\u7528\u6237sudo\u6743\u9650 （2）\u5b9a\u671f\u5ba1\u8ba1：\u68c0\u67e5sudo\u6743\u9650\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868：grep '^%sudo' \/etc\/group （3）\u4f7f\u7528visudo：\u4fee\u6539sudoers\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u6c38\u8fdc\u4f7f\u7528：sudo visudo\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u8f91\/etc\/sudoers （4）\u9650\u5236sudo\u6743\u9650：\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u9650\u5236\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4： \u65b0\u7528\u6237\u540d ALL=(ALL) \/usr\/bin\/apt, \/usr\/bin\/systemctl \u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u662fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u8d4b\u4e88\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u65b9\u6cd5，\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e2\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u53c8\u63d0\u4f9b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost home]<\/span># ls<\/span>
\nuser wulu1 XAlab_F16_1
\n[<\/span>root@localhost home]<\/span># cd XAlab_F16_1\/<\/span>
\n[<\/span>root@localhost XAlab_F16_1]<\/span># ls<\/span>
\n[<\/span>root@localhost XAlab_F16_1]<\/span># cd ..\/<\/span>
\n[<\/span>root@localhost home]<\/span># ls<\/span>
\nuser wulu1 XAlab_F16_1
\n[<\/span>root@localhost home]<\/span># rm -rf XAlab_F16_1\/<\/span>
\n[<\/span>root@localhost home]<\/span># ls<\/span>
\nuser wulu1
\n[<\/span>root@localhost home]<\/span># sudo whoami<\/span>
\nroot
\n[<\/span>root@localhost home]<\/span># cd ~<\/span>
\n[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># visudo<\/span>
\nvisudo: \/etc\/sudoers.tmp \u672a\u66f4\u6539<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u6709root\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95eehome\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/h3>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo useradd -m -s \/bin\/bash yhm #\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237<\/span>
\n[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo passwd yhm<\/span>
\n\u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237 yhm \u7684\u5bc6\u7801 \u3002
\n\u65b0\u7684 \u5bc6\u7801：
\n\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u5bc6\u7801： \u5bc6\u7801\u672a\u901a\u8fc7\u5b57\u5178\u68c0\u67e5 – \u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u8db3\u591f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26
\n\u91cd\u65b0\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u7684 \u5bc6\u7801：
\n\u62b1\u6b49，\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u3002
\npasswd: \u9274\u5b9a\u4ee4\u724c\u64cd\u4f5c\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo passwd yhm<\/span>
\n\u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237 yhm \u7684\u5bc6\u7801 \u3002
\n\u65b0\u7684 \u5bc6\u7801：
\n\u91cd\u65b0\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u7684 \u5bc6\u7801：
\n\u62b1\u6b49，\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u3002
\npasswd: \u9274\u5b9a\u4ee4\u724c\u64cd\u4f5c\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo passwd yhm<\/span>
\n\u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237 yhm \u7684\u5bc6\u7801 \u3002
\n\u65b0\u7684 \u5bc6\u7801：
\n\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u5bc6\u7801： \u5bc6\u7801\u672a\u901a\u8fc7\u5b57\u5178\u68c0\u67e5 – \u5b83\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd
\n\u91cd\u65b0\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u7684 \u5bc6\u7801：<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo whoami<\/span>
\nroot<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo passwd yhm<\/span>
\n\u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237 yhm \u7684\u5bc6\u7801 \u3002
\n\u65b0\u7684 \u5bc6\u7801：
\n\u91cd\u65b0\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u7684 \u5bc6\u7801：
\npasswd：\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee4\u724c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo whoami<\/span>
\nroot<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo useradd -m -s \/bin\/bash XAlab_F16_1<\/span>
\nuseradd：\u7528\u6237\u201cXAlab_F16_1\u201d\u5df2\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo passwd XAlab_F16_1<\/span>
\n\u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237 XAlab_F16_1 \u7684\u5bc6\u7801 \u3002
\n\u65b0\u7684 \u5bc6\u7801：
\n\u91cd\u65b0\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u7684 \u5bc6\u7801：
\n\u62b1\u6b49，\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u3002
\npasswd: \u9274\u5b9a\u4ee4\u724c\u64cd\u4f5c\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo passwd XAlab_F16_1<\/span>
\n\u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237 XAlab_F16_1 \u7684\u5bc6\u7801 \u3002
\n\u65b0\u7684 \u5bc6\u7801：
\n\u91cd\u65b0\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u7684 \u5bc6\u7801：
\npasswd：\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee4\u724c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo usermod -aG sudo XAlab_F16_1<\/span>
\nusermod：\u201csudo\u201d\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo usermod -aG sudo yhm<\/span>
\nusermod：\u201csudo\u201d\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo visudo<\/span>
\nvisudo: \/etc\/sudoers.tmp \u672a\u66f4\u6539<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo usermod -aG sudo XAlab_F16_1<\/span>
\nusermod：\u201csudo\u201d\u7ec4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># lsb_release -a<\/span>
\nbash: lsb_release: \u672a\u627e\u5230\u547d\u4ee4..<\/span>.
\n\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u201credhat-lsb-core\u201d\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u547d\u4ee4\u201clsb_release\u201d？ [<\/span>N\/y]<\/span> y<\/p>\n

* \u6b63\u5728\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f85..<\/span>.
\n\u4e0b\u5217\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5fc5\u987b\u5b89\u88c5：
\n mailx-12.5-29.el8.x86_64Enhanced implementation of the mailx command<\/span>
\n ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-10.20180224.el8.x86_64Ncurses compatibility libraries
\n redhat-lsb-core-4.1-47.el8.x86_64LSB Core module support
\n redhat-lsb-submod-security-4.1-47.el8.x86_64LSB Security submodule support
\n spax-1.5.3-13.el8.x86_64Portable archive exchange
\n\u4e0b\u5217\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5fc5\u987b\u66f4\u65b0：
\n ncurses-6.1-10.20180224.el8.x86_64Ncurses support utilities
\n ncurses-base-6.1-10.20180224.el8.noarchDescriptions of common terminals
\n ncurses-libs-6.1-10.20180224.el8.x86_64Ncurses libraries
\n\u7ee7\u7eed\u66f4\u6539？ [<\/span>N\/y]<\/span> y<\/p>\n

* \u6b63\u5728\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f85..<\/span>.
\n * \u6b63\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u8ba4\u8bc1..<\/span>.
\n * \u6b63\u5728\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f85..<\/span>.
\n * \u6b63\u5728\u4e0b\u8f7d\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305..<\/span>.
\n * \u6b63\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e..<\/span>.
\n * \u6b63\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u66f4\u6539..<\/span>.
\n * \u6b63\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u66f4\u65b0..<\/span>.
\n * \u6b63\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305..<\/span>.
\n * \u6b63\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u66f4\u65b0..<\/span>.
\n * \u6b63\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305..<\/span>.
\n * \u6b63\u5728\u5b89\u88c5\u66f4\u65b0..<\/span>.
\n * \u6b63\u5728\u6e05\u7406\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305..<\/span>.
\nLSB Version::core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch
\nDistributor ID:Rocky
\nDescription:Rocky Linux release 8.7<\/span> (<\/span>Green Obsidian)<\/span>
\nRelease:8.7<\/span>
\nCodename:GreenObsidian<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># lsb_release -a<\/span>
\nLSB Version::core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch
\nDistributor ID:Rocky
\nDescription:Rocky Linux release 8.7<\/span> (<\/span>Green Obsidian)<\/span>
\nRelease:8.7<\/span>
\nCodename:GreenObsidian<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo usermod -l yhm XAlab_F16_1<\/span>
\nusermod：\u7528\u6237\u201cyhm\u201d\u5df2\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo usermod -l XAlab_F16_1 yhm<\/span>
\nusermod：\u7528\u6237\u201cXAlab_F16_1\u201d\u5df2\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo userdel -r XAlab_F16_1<\/span>
\nuserdel：\u672a\u627e\u5230 XAlab_F16_1 \u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u201c\/home\/XAlab_F16_1\u201d<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo usermod -l XAlab_F16_1 user<\/span>
\nusermod: user user is currently used by process 9912<\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># [root@localhost ~]# sudo usermod -l XAlab_F16_1 user<\/span>
\nbash: [<\/span>root@localhost: \u672a\u627e\u5230\u547d\u4ee4..<\/span>.<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># usermod: user user is currently used by process 9912<\/span>
\nbash: usermod:: \u672a\u627e\u5230\u547d\u4ee4..<\/span>.
\n\u76f8\u4f3c\u547d\u4ee4\u662f： 'usermod'<\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># [root@localhost ~]# sudo pkill -u user<\/span>
\nbash: [<\/span>root@localhost: \u672a\u627e\u5230\u547d\u4ee4..<\/span>.<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># [root@localhost ~]# sudo pkill -9 -u user<\/span>
\nbash: [<\/span>root@localhost: \u672a\u627e\u5230\u547d\u4ee4..<\/span>.<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># ps -u user<\/span>
\n PID TTY TIME CMD
\n 9912<\/span> ? 00:00:01 systemd
\n 9916<\/span> ? 00:00:00 (<\/span>sd-pam)<\/span>
\n 9932<\/span> ? 00:00:00 pulseaudio
\n 9937<\/span> ? 00:00:00 gnome-keyring-d
\n 9946<\/span> tty2 00:00:00 gdm-x-session
\n 9977<\/span> ? 00:00:32 dbus-daemon
\n 10033<\/span> tty2 00:00:02 gnome-session-b
\n 10133<\/span> ? 00:00:00 at-spi-bus-laun
\n 10138<\/span> ? 00:00:00 dbus-daemon
\n 10141<\/span> ? 00:00:00 at-spi2-registr
\n 10224<\/span> tty2 00:29:03 gnome-shell
\n 10263<\/span> ? 00:00:00 gvfsd
\n 10268<\/span> ? 00:00:00 gvfsd-fuse
\n 10285<\/span> tty2 00:00:33 ibus-daemon
\n 10289<\/span> tty2 00:00:00 ibus-dconf
\n 10290<\/span> tty2 00:00:00 ibus-extension-
\n 10292<\/span> tty2 00:00:00 ibus-x11
\n 10295<\/span> ? 00:00:00 ibus-portal
\n 10299<\/span> ? 00:00:00 xdg-permission-
\n 10312<\/span> ? 00:00:00 gnome-shell-cal
\n 10317<\/span> ? 00:00:00 evolution-sourc
\n 10324<\/span> ? 00:00:30 goa-daemon
\n 10336<\/span> ? 00:00:00 gvfs-udisks2-vo
\n 10345<\/span> ? 00:00:00 gvfs-mtp-volume
\n 10349<\/span> ? 00:00:00 gvfs-gphoto2-vo
\n 10353<\/span> ? 00:00:00 gvfs-goa-volume
\n 10361<\/span> ? 00:02:25 goa-identity-se
\n 10368<\/span> ? 00:00:00 gvfs-afc-volume
\n 10381<\/span> tty2 00:00:25 gsd-power
\n 10383<\/span> tty2 00:00:00 gsd-print-notif
\n 10384<\/span> tty2 00:00:11 gsd-rfkill
\n 10385<\/span> tty2 00:00:00 gsd-screensaver
\n 10386<\/span> tty2 00:00:40 gsd-sharing
\n 10388<\/span> tty2 00:00:00 gsd-sound
\n 10395<\/span> tty2 00:00:00 gsd-xsettings
\n 10396<\/span> tty2 00:00:00 gsd-wacom
\n 10398<\/span> tty2 00:02:00 gsd-smartcard
\n 10401<\/span> tty2 00:00:02 gsd-account
\n 10415<\/span> tty2 00:00:00 gsd-a11y-settin
\n 10416<\/span> tty2 00:00:00 gsd-clipboard
\n 10417<\/span> tty2 00:00:22 gsd-color
\n 10421<\/span> tty2 00:00:00 gsd-datetime
\n 10424<\/span> tty2 00:01:25 gsd-housekeepin
\n 10426<\/span> tty2 00:00:00 gsd-keyboard
\n 10429<\/span> tty2 00:00:00 gsd-media-keys
\n 10431<\/span> ? 00:00:00 evolution-calen
\n 10434<\/span> tty2 00:00:00 gsd-mouse
\n 10479<\/span> tty2 00:00:00 gsd-disk-utilit
\n 10484<\/span> tty2 01:57:19 gnome-software
\n 10495<\/span> ? 00:00:00 tracker-store
\n 10509<\/span> tty2 00:00:00 ibus-engine-sim
\n 10516<\/span> tty2 00:00:00 tracker-miner-a
\n 10522<\/span> tty2 00:00:00 tracker-miner-f
\n 10546<\/span> ? 00:00:32 evolution-calen
\n 10583<\/span> ? 00:00:31 dconf-service
\n 10588<\/span> ? 00:00:00 evolution-addre
\n 10607<\/span> ? 00:00:33 evolution-addre
\n 10634<\/span> tty2 00:00:00 gsd-printer
\n 10829<\/span> tty2 00:00:00 ibus-engine-lib
\n 11288<\/span> ? 00:00:00 gvfsd-metadata
\n 11432<\/span> ? 00:01:28 xdg-desktop-por
\n 11436<\/span> ? 00:00:00 xdg-document-po
\n 11445<\/span> ? 00:00:03 xdg-desktop-por
\n 11456<\/span> ? 00:00:00 pipewire
\n 11458<\/span> ? 00:00:00 pipewire-media-
\n3418164<\/span> ? 00:00:00 sshd
\n3418176<\/span> pts\/1 00:00:00 bash<\/span>
\n3418244<\/span> ? 00:00:00 dbus-daemon
\n3418247<\/span> ? 00:00:00 dbus-kill-proce
\n3418253<\/span> ? 00:00:00 gio
\n3418262<\/span> ? 00:00:00 gvfsd
\n3425019<\/span> ? 00:00:00 sshd
\n3425031<\/span> pts\/3 00:00:00 bash<\/span>
\n3425104<\/span> ? 00:00:00 dbus-daemon
\n3425107<\/span> ? 00:00:00 dbus-kill-proce
\n3425114<\/span> ? 00:00:00 gio
\n3425122<\/span> ? 00:00:00 gvfsd<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo kill -9 9912<\/span>
\n[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo usermod -l XAlab_F16_1 user<\/span>
\nusermod: user user is currently used by process 3418164<\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo kill -9 3418164<\/span>
\nConnection closing..<\/span>.Socket close.<\/p>\n

Connection closed by foreign host.<\/p>\n

Disconnected from remote host(<\/span>\u7fd4\u5b89)<\/span> at 17<\/span>:50:17.<\/p>\n

Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
\n[<\/span>C:\\\\<\/span>~]<\/span>$ <\/p>\n

Connecting to 10.26<\/span>.248.239:22..<\/span>.
\nConnection established.
\nTo escape to local<\/span> shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Activate the web console with: systemctl enable<\/span> –now cockpit.socket<\/p>\n

Last login: Thu May 15<\/span> 05:35:32 2025<\/span> from 10.26<\/span>.255.81
\n(<\/span>base)<\/span> [<\/span>user@localhost ~]<\/span>$ su<\/span> –
\n\u5bc6\u7801：<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo usermod -l XAlab_F16_1 user<\/span>
\nusermod: user user is currently used by process 3425019<\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo pkill -u user<\/span>
\nConnection closing..<\/span>.Socket close.<\/p>\n

Connection closed by foreign host.<\/p>\n

Disconnected from remote host(<\/span>\u7fd4\u5b89)<\/span> at 17<\/span>:53:38.<\/p>\n

Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
\n[<\/span>C:\\\\<\/span>~]<\/span>$ <\/p>\n

Connecting to 10.26<\/span>.248.239:22..<\/span>.
\nConnection established.
\nTo escape to local<\/span> shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Activate the web console with: systemctl enable<\/span> –now cockpit.socket<\/p>\n

Last login: Thu May 15<\/span> 05:51:17 2025<\/span> from 10.26<\/span>.255.81<\/p>\n

(<\/span>base)<\/span> [<\/span>user@localhost ~]<\/span>$ sudo<\/span> pkill<\/span> -u user
\n[<\/span>sudo]<\/span> user \u7684\u5bc6\u7801：
\nuser \u4e0d\u5728 sudoers \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u4e8b\u5c06\u88ab\u62a5\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n

(<\/span>base)<\/span> [<\/span>user@localhost ~]<\/span>$ su<\/span> –
\n\u5bc6\u7801：
\n[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo pkill -u user<\/span>
\nConnection closing..<\/span>.Socket close.<\/p>\n

Connection closed by foreign host.<\/p>\n

Disconnected from remote host(<\/span>\u7fd4\u5b89)<\/span> at 18<\/span>:41:52.<\/p>\n

Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
\n[<\/span>C:\\\\<\/span>~]<\/span>$ <\/p>\n

Connecting to 10.26<\/span>.248.239:22..<\/span>.
\nConnection established.
\nTo escape to local<\/span> shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Activate the web console with: systemctl enable<\/span> –now cockpit.socket<\/p>\n

Last login: Thu May 15<\/span> 06:40:01 2025<\/span> from 10.26<\/span>.255.81
\n(<\/span>base)<\/span> [<\/span>user@localhost ~]<\/span>$ su<\/span> –
\n\u5bc6\u7801：
\nsu: \u9274\u5b9a\u6545\u969c
\n(<\/span>base)<\/span> [<\/span>user@localhost ~]<\/span>$ su<\/span> –
\n\u5bc6\u7801：<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># nohup sudo pkill -u user &<\/span>
\n[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> 3469106<\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># nohup: \u5ffd\u7565\u8f93\u5165\u5e76\u628a\u8f93\u51fa\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230'nohup.out'<\/span>
\nConnection closing..<\/span>.Socket close.<\/p>\n

Connection closed by foreign host.<\/p>\n

Disconnected from remote host(<\/span>\u7fd4\u5b89)<\/span> at 18<\/span>:46:13.<\/p>\n

Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
\n[<\/span>C:\\\\<\/span>~]<\/span>$ <\/p>\n

Connecting to 10.26<\/span>.248.239:22..<\/span>.
\nConnection established.
\nTo escape to local<\/span> shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Activate the web console with: systemctl enable<\/span> –now cockpit.socket<\/p>\n

Last login: Thu May 15<\/span> 06:42:30 2025<\/span> from 10.26<\/span>.255.81<\/p>\n

(<\/span>base)<\/span> [<\/span>user@localhost ~]<\/span>$ who<\/span>
\nwulu1 pts\/0 2025<\/span>-05-15 03:47 (<\/span>10.26<\/span>.248.44)<\/span>
\nuser pts\/1 2025<\/span>-05-15 06:46 (<\/span>10.26<\/span>.255.81)<\/span>
\nyhm pts\/2 2025<\/span>-05-15 05:24 (<\/span>10.26<\/span>.255.81)<\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span>base)<\/span> [<\/span>user@localhost ~]<\/span>$ su<\/span> –
\n\u5bc6\u7801：
\n[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># who<\/span>
\nwulu1 pts\/0 2025<\/span>-05-15 03:47 (<\/span>10.26<\/span>.248.44)<\/span>
\nuser pts\/1 2025<\/span>-05-15 06:46 (<\/span>10.26<\/span>.255.81)<\/span>
\nyhm pts\/2 2025<\/span>-05-15 05:24 (<\/span>10.26<\/span>.255.81)<\/span>
\n[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo pkill -u user<\/span>
\nConnection closing..<\/span>.Socket close.<\/p>\n

Connection closed by foreign host.<\/p>\n

Disconnected from remote host(<\/span>\u7fd4\u5b89)<\/span> at 18<\/span>:48:56.<\/p>\n

Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
\n[<\/span>C:\\\\<\/span>~]<\/span>$ ssh<\/span> root@10.26.248.239<\/p>\n

Connecting to 10.26<\/span>.248.239:22..<\/span>.
\nConnection established.
\nTo escape to local<\/span> shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Activate the web console with: systemctl enable<\/span> –now cockpit.socket<\/p>\n

Last login: Thu May 15<\/span> 06:48:04 2025<\/span>
\n\/usr\/bin\/xauth: file<\/span> \/root\/.Xauthority does not exist<\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo pkill -u user<\/span>
\n[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo usermod -l XAlab_F16_1 user<\/span>
\nusermod: user user is currently used by process 3469143<\/span>
\n[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo pkill -u user<\/span>
\n[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo usermod -l XAlab_F16_1 user<\/span>
\nusermod: user user is currently used by process 3469143<\/span>
\n[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo kill -9 3469143<\/span>
\n[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo usermod -l XAlab_F16_1 user<\/span><\/p>\n

[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># who<\/span>
\nwulu1 pts\/0 2025<\/span>-05-15 03:47 (<\/span>10.26<\/span>.248.44)<\/span>
\nroot pts\/1 2025<\/span>-05-15 06:49 (<\/span>10.26<\/span>.255.81)<\/span>
\nyhm pts\/2 2025<\/span>-05-15 05:24 (<\/span>10.26<\/span>.255.81)<\/span>
\n[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo passwd XAlab_F16_1<\/span>
\n\u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237 XAlab_F16_1 \u7684\u5bc6\u7801 \u3002
\n\u65b0\u7684 \u5bc6\u7801：
\n\u91cd\u65b0\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u7684 \u5bc6\u7801：
\n\u62b1\u6b49，\u5bc6\u7801\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u3002
\npasswd: \u9274\u5b9a\u4ee4\u724c\u64cd\u4f5c\u9519\u8bef
\n[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo passwd XAlab_F16_1<\/span>
\n\u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237 XAlab_F16_1 \u7684\u5bc6\u7801 \u3002
\n\u65b0\u7684 \u5bc6\u7801：
\n\u91cd\u65b0\u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u7684 \u5bc6\u7801：
\npasswd：\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee4\u724c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u66f4\u65b0\u3002
\n[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># who<\/span>
\nwulu1 pts\/0 2025<\/span>-05-15 03:47 (<\/span>10.26<\/span>.248.44)<\/span>
\nroot pts\/1 2025<\/span>-05-15 06:49 (<\/span>10.26<\/span>.255.81)<\/span>
\nyhm pts\/2 2025<\/span>-05-15 05:24 (<\/span>10.26<\/span>.255.81)<\/span>
\n[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># who<\/span>
\nwulu1 pts\/0 2025<\/span>-05-15 03:47 (<\/span>10.26<\/span>.248.44)<\/span>
\nroot pts\/1 2025<\/span>-05-15 06:49 (<\/span>10.26<\/span>.255.81)<\/span>
\nyhm pts\/2 2025<\/span>-05-15 05:24 (<\/span>10.26<\/span>.255.81)<\/span>
\nXAlab_F16_1 pts\/3 2025<\/span>-05-15 07:05 (<\/span>10.26<\/span>.255.81)<\/span>
\nXAlab_F16_1 pts\/4 2025<\/span>-05-15 07:20 (<\/span>10.26<\/span>.255.81)<\/span>
\n[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># who<\/span>
\nwulu1 pts\/0 2025<\/span>-05-15 03:47 (<\/span>10.26<\/span>.248.44)<\/span>
\nroot pts\/1 2025<\/span>-05-15 06:49 (<\/span>10.26<\/span>.255.81)<\/span>
\nyhm pts\/2 2025<\/span>-05-15 05:24 (<\/span>10.26<\/span>.255.81)<\/span>
\nXAlab_F16_1 pts\/3 2025<\/span>-05-15 07:05 (<\/span>10.26<\/span>.255.81)<\/span>
\nXAlab_F16_1 pts\/4 2025<\/span>-05-15 07:20 (<\/span>10.26<\/span>.255.81)<\/span>
\n[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># sudo visudo<\/span>
\nvisudo: \/etc\/sudoers.tmp \u672a\u66f4\u6539
\n[<\/span>root@localhost ~]<\/span># <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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