1.\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u662f\u5c06\u5bf9\u8c61\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b58\u50a8\u6216\u4f20\u8f93；<\/h3>\n2.\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5219\u662f\u5c06\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u6062\u590d\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/h3>\n3. \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528<\/h3>\n（1）\u5bf9\u8c61\u6301\u4e45\u5316（\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\/\u6570\u636e\u5e93）<\/h4>\n\n- \n
\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u78c1\u76d8，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u53ef\u6062\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u793a\u4f8b：\u6e38\u620f\u5b58\u6863\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
（2）\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93（\u8de8\u8fdb\u7a0b\/\u8de8\u673a\u5668\u901a\u4fe1）<\/h4>\n\n- \n
\u5bf9\u8c61 \u2192 \u5b57\u8282\u6d41 \u2192 \u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93 \u2192 \u5b57\u8282\u6d41 \u2192 \u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u793a\u4f8b：RPC\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
（3）\u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d（Deep Copy）<\/h4>\n\n- \n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\/\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u590d\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u793a\u4f8b：\u907f\u514dJava\u7684\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
（4）\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362<\/h4>\n\n- \n
\u901a\u7528\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u683c\u5f0f（\u5982JSON\u3001Protocol Buffers）\u652f\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u793a\u4f8b：Java\u670d\u52a1\u4e0ePython\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
4. \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u610f\u4e49<\/h3>\n（1）\u89e3\u51b3\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f20\u8f93\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n\n- \n
\u7f51\u7edc\u53ea\u80fd\u4f20\u8f93\u5b57\u8282\u6d41，\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
（2）\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u4fe1<\/h4>\n\n- \n
\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u3001RPC\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217（\u5982Kafka）\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u4f20\u9012\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
（3）\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/h4>\n\n- \n
\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u534f\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u89c4\u5219，\u907f\u514d\u89e3\u6790\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
（4）\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u6269\u5c55\u6027<\/h4>\n\n- \n
\u901a\u8fc7\u7248\u672c\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u534f\u8bae（\u5982Protobuf），\u652f\u6301\u5b57\u6bb5\u52a8\u6001\u589e\u51cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u56db\u3001IO\u6d41<\/h2>\n
\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d，IO\u6d41\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93，\u6838\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c7b：<\/p>\n
1. \u5b57\u8282\u6d41（Byte Streams）<\/h3>\n
FileInputStream`\/`FileOutputStream\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u5199\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6（\u5982\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u89c6\u9891）\u3002<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6 \u00a0 try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("file.bin")) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 int bytesRead; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 while ((bytesRead = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 } \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \/\/ \u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6 \u00a0 try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("output.bin")) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 fos.write(dataBytes); \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
2. \u5b57\u7b26\u6d41（Character Streams）<\/h3>\n
BufferedReader`\/`BufferedWriter\u00a0<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6 \u00a0 try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("config.txt"))) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 String line; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 System.out.println(line); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 } \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \/\/ \u5199\u5165\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6 \u00a0 try (BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("log.txt"))) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 bw.write("Log message"); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 bw.newLine(); \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
3. \u5bf9\u8c61\u6d41（Object Streams）<\/h3>\n
ObjectInputStream`\/`ObjectOutputStream \u00a0 \u7528\u4e8e\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316Java\u5bf9\u8c61（\u5982\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \/\/ \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u5230\u6587\u4ef6 \u00a0 try (ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream( \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 new FileOutputStream("user.dat"))) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 oos.writeObject(user); \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \/\/ \u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61 \u00a0 try (ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream( \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 new FileInputStream("user.dat"))) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 User user = (User) ois.readObject(); \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
4. \u7f51\u7edcIO（Socket\u6d41）<\/h3>\n
Socket.getInputStream()`\/`Socket.getOutputStream() \u00a0 \u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1，\u7ed3\u5408`BufferedReader`\u548c`PrintWriter`\u5904\u7406\u6587\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8bfb\u53d6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6570\u636e \u00a0 try (BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader( \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()))) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 String message = in.readLine(); \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \/\/ \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef \u00a0 try (PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter( \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 socket.getOutputStream(), true)) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 out.println("Hello Server!"); \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h2>\n
\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n
ExecutorService \u00a0 \u907f\u514d\u9891\u7e41\u521b\u5efa\/\u9500\u6bc1\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10); \u00a0 threadPool.execute(() -> { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42 \u00a0 });<\/p>\n
2. \u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65<\/h3>\n
synchronized`\u5173\u952e\u5b57 \u00a0 \u4fdd\u62a4\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90（\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60）\u3002 \u00a0<\/p>\n
public synchronized void updateData() { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ \u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u64cd\u4f5c \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u7247\u4e0a\u4f20\/\u4e0b\u8f7d<\/h2>\n
\u901a\u8fc7IO\u6d41\u5b9e\u73b0\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5206\u5757\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u7247\u4e0a\u4f20<\/h3>\n
\/\/ \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5206\u7247\u53d1\u9001 try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("large_file.zip"); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis)) { \u00a0 \u00a0 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024]; \/\/ 1MB\u5206\u7247 \u00a0 \u00a0 int bytesRead; \u00a0 \u00a0 while ((bytesRead = bis.read(buffer)) != -1) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 socket.getOutputStream().write(buffer, 0, bytesRead); \u00a0 \u00a0 } }<\/p>\n
2. \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5206\u7247\u63a5\u6536<\/h3>\n
try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("received_file.zip"); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos)) { \u00a0 \u00a0 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024]; \u00a0 \u00a0 int bytesRead; \u00a0 \u00a0 while ((bytesRead = socket.getInputStream().read(buffer)) != -1) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 bos.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead); \u00a0 \u00a0 } }<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h2>\n
\u4f7f\u7528JDBC\u8fdb\u884cCRUD\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
1. \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/h3>\n
String url = "jdbc:mysql:\/\/localhost:3306\/mydb"; String user = "root"; String password = "123456"; try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password)) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ \u6267\u884cSQL }<\/p>\n
2. \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
String sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?"; try (PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) { \u00a0 \u00a0 stmt.setInt(1, 1001); \u00a0 \u00a0 ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(); \u00a0 \u00a0 while (rs.next()) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 String name = rs.getString("name"); \u00a0 \u00a0 } }<\/p>\n
3. \u63d2\u5165\/\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n
String sql = "INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (?, ?)"; try (PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) { \u00a0 \u00a0 stmt.setString(1, "Alice"); \u00a0 \u00a0 stmt.setInt(2, 25); \u00a0 \u00a0 stmt.executeUpdate(); }<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n
| \u6280\u672f\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0| \u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 | |————-|——————————————————————| | IO\u6d41\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 | \u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e8f\u5217\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 | | \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u00a0 \u00a0 | \u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 | | \u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u7247 | \u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0a\u4f20\u4e0e\u4e0b\u8f7d \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 | | MySQL\u00a0 \u00a0| \u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 | | JavaFX\u00a0\u00a0 | \u6784\u5efa\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762，\u4e0e\u540e\u7aefSocket\/\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ea4\u4e92\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f，\u9879\u76ee\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86： \u00a0<\/h3>\n
1.\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u901a\u4fe1（\u957f\u77ed\u94fe\u63a5\u7ed3\u5408） \u00a0 \u00a02.\u9ad8\u6548\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93（\u5206\u7247\u5904\u7406） \u00a0 \u00a03.\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316（MySQL + \u5e8f\u5217\u5316） \u00a0 \u00a04.\u7528\u6237\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762（JavaFX）<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898<\/h2>\n1.<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250520083242-682c3e2acb0c3.png\")
<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def：\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u5e76\u67e5\u96c6，\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2amap\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0string->int\u5373\u53ef<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <vector>
\n#include <stack>
\n#include <queue>
\n#include <climits>
\n#include <algorithm>
\n#include <map>
\n#define ll long long
\nusing namespace std;<\/p>\n
int n, m, p;<\/p>\n
int find(int x, vector<int>& parent) {
\n if (parent[x] != x)
\n parent[x] = find(parent[x], parent);
\n return parent[x];
\n}<\/p>\n
void setUnion(int a, int b, vector<int>& parent, vector<int>& rank) {
\n a = find(a,parent);
\n b = find(b,parent);<\/p>\n
if (a == b)
\n return;<\/p>\n
int x1 = min(a, b);
\n int x2 = max(a, b);
\n if (rank[x1] > rank[x2])
\n parent[x2] = x1;
\n else if (rank[x1] < rank[x2])
\n parent[x2] = x1;
\n else {
\n parent[x1] = x2;
\n rank[x2]++;
\n }<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
bool isConnect(int a, int b, vector<int>& parent) {
\n a = find(a, parent);
\n b = find(b, parent);
\n return a == b;
\n}<\/p>\n
int main() {
\n cin >> n >> m;
\n vector<int>parent(n + 1, 0); \/\/ \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7
\n map<string,int> tt;
\n vector<int>rank(n + 1, 0); \/\/ \u5efa\u7acb\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u6811<\/p>\n
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { \/\/ \u5148\u6307\u5411\u81ea\u8eab
\n parent[i] = i;
\n string s; cin >> s;
\n tt[s] = i;
\n }<\/p>\n
for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) { \/\/ \u5efa\u7acb\u4eb2\u621a\u5173\u7cfb
\n string a, b; cin >> a >> b;
\n int x1 = tt[a], x2 = tt[b];
\n setUnion(x1, x2, parent, rank);
\n }
\n cin >> p;
\n for (int i = 1; i <= p; i++) {
\n string a, b; cin >> a >> b;
\n int x1 = tt[a], x2 = tt[b];
\n if (isConnect(x1, x2, parent))
\n cout << "Yes." << endl;
\n else
\n cout << "No." << endl;
\n }<\/p>\n
return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n
\u00a02.<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250520083243-682c3e2b154f2.png\")
<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def： \u5e76\u67e5\u96c6，\u9650\u5b9a\u4e86\u5408\u5e76\u6761\u4ef6，\u6839\u636e\u9898\u76ee\u7684\u5408\u5e76\u6761\u4ef6\u5408\u6210\u5373\u53ef<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <vector>
\n#include <stack>
\n#include <queue>
\n#include <climits>
\n#include <algorithm>
\n#include <map>
\n#define ll long long
\nusing namespace std;<\/p>\n
map<string, string> parent;<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u8fd4\u56dename\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u7956\u5148，\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u538b\u7f29
\nstring findAncestor(string name) {
\n if (name != parent[name]) {
\n parent[name] = findAncestor(parent[name]);
\n }
\n return parent[name];
\n}<\/p>\n
int main() {
\n char prefix;
\n string name;
\n string current_parent;<\/p>\n
cin >> prefix;
\n while (prefix != '$') {
\n cin >> name;
\n if (prefix == '#') {
\n current_parent = name;
\n if (parent.find(name) == parent.end()) {
\n parent[name] = name; \/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7236\u4eb2\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab
\n }
\n } else if (prefix == '+') {
\n parent[name] = current_parent;
\n } else if (prefix == '?') {
\n cout << name << ' ' << findAncestor(name) << endl;
\n }
\n cin >> prefix;
\n }<\/p>\n
return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n
3.<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250520083243-682c3e2b2e927.png\")
<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def：\u628a\u9898\u76ee\u770b\u6210\u56fe，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u70b9\u90fd\u662f\u9876\u70b9，\u8ddd\u79bb\u90fd\u662f\u6743\u91cd，\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528kruskal\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <algorithm>
\n#include <vector>
\n#include <cmath>
\n#include <iomanip>
\nusing namespace std;<\/p>\n
struct Edge {
\n int u, v;
\n double w;
\n bool operator<(const Edge& other) const {
\n return w < other.w;
\n }
\n};<\/p>\n
vector<Edge> edges;
\nvector<int> parent;
\nint S, P;
\nvector<pair<int, int>> d; <\/p>\n
int find(int x) {
\n if (parent[x] != x) {
\n parent[x] = find(parent[x]);
\n }
\n return parent[x];
\n}<\/p>\n
void unionset(int x, int y) {
\n int rootX = find(x);
\n int rootY = find(y);
\n if (rootX != rootY) {
\n parent[rootY] = rootX;
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
double kruskal() {<\/p>\n
parent.resize(P + 1);
\n for (int i = 1; i <= P; i++) {
\n parent[i] = i;
\n }<\/p>\n
sort(edges.begin(), edges.end());<\/p>\n
double ans = 0.0;
\n int k = P – S; <\/p>\n
for (const auto& edge : edges) {
\n if (find(edge.u) != find(edge.v)) {
\n unionset(edge.u, edge.v);
\n ans = edge.w;
\n k–;
\n if (k == 0) {
\n break;
\n }
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
return ans;
\n}<\/p>\n
int main() {
\n cin >> S >> P;
\n d.resize(P + 1);<\/p>\n
for (int i = 1; i <= P; i++) {
\n cin >> d[i].first >> d[i].second;
\n }<\/p>\n
for (int i = 1; i <= P; i++) {
\n for (int j = i + 1; j <= P; j++) {
\n double dx = d[i].first – d[j].first;
\n double dy = d[i].second – d[j].second;
\n double dis = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
\n edges.push_back({ i, j, dis });
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
double ans = kruskal();<\/p>\n
cout << fixed << setprecision(2) << ans << endl;<\/p>\n
return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n
\u00a04.<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250520083243-682c3e2b46c35.png\")
<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def:\u5f00\u59cb\u60f3\u4e86\u597d\u4e45，\u53d1\u73b0N<=6,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u597d\u50cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba，\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u70b9\u8ff7，\u5c31\u770b\u4e86\u4e0b\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002\u8ba9\u653e\u4e0b\u7684\u6cb9\u6ef4\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6269\u5927，\u76f8\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9762\u79ef，\u6bcf\u6b21\u679a\u4e3e\u90fd\u53d6\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <vector>
\n#include <cmath>
\n#include <algorithm>
\n#include <iomanip><\/p>\n
using namespace std;<\/p>\n
double area(int N, const vector<pair<int, int>>& points, int left, int right, int bottom, int top) {
\n double max_total_area = 0.0;
\n vector<int> indices(N);
\n for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
\n indices[i] = i;
\n }<\/p>\n
do {
\n vector<double> radii(N, 0.0);
\n double total_area = 0.0;
\n for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
\n int x = points[indices[i]].first;
\n int y = points[indices[i]].second;
\n double min_r = min({x – left, right – x, y – bottom, top – y});
\n for (int j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
\n int xj = points[indices[j]].first;
\n int yj = points[indices[j]].second;
\n double dx = x – xj;
\n double dy = y – yj;
\n double distance = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
\n min_r = min(min_r, distance – radii[j]);
\n if (min_r <= 0) break;
\n }
\n if (min_r > 0) {
\n radii[i] = min_r;
\n total_area += M_PI * min_r * min_r;
\n }
\n }
\n if (total_area > max_total_area) {
\n max_total_area = total_area;
\n }
\n } while (next_permutation(indices.begin(), indices.end()));<\/p>\n
double area_rect = (right – left) * (top – bottom);
\n return area_rect – max_total_area;
\n}<\/p>\n
int main() {
\n int N;
\n cin >> N;
\n int x1, y1, x2, y2;
\n cin >> x1 >> y1 >> x2 >> y2;
\n int left = min(x1, x2);
\n int right = max(x1, x2);
\n int bottom = min(y1, y2);
\n int top = max(y1, y2);<\/p>\n
vector<pair<int, int>> points(N);
\n for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
\n cin >> points[i].first >> points[i].second;
\n }<\/p>\n
sort(points.begin(), points.end());
\n double remaining_area = area(N, points, left, right, bottom, top);
\n cout << static_cast<int>(round(remaining_area)) << endl;<\/p>\n
return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n
5.<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250520083243-682c3e2b5dea4.png\")
<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def：\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u8fd9\u79cd\u9898，\u6211\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7528dfs\u6765\u641c\u7d22，\u4f46\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u8d85\u9650，\u7136\u540e\u6211\u770b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u8def，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c，\u5f53dfs\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u91cc\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\u5c31\u884c\u4e86，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u662f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <vector>
\n#include <stack>
\n#include <queue>
\n#include <climits>
\n#include <algorithm>
\n#include <map>
\n#define ll long long
\nusing namespace std;<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411
\nint dirs[4][2] = {{-1, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}, {0, 1}};<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u77e9\u9635\u548cdp\u6570\u7ec4
\nvector<vector<int>> matrix;
\nvector<vector<int>> dp;
\nint R, C;<\/p>\n
\/\/ DFS\u51fd\u6570，\u8fd4\u56de\u4ece(x, y)\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u6700\u957f\u6ed1\u5761\u957f\u5ea6
\nint dfs(int x, int y) {
\n \/\/ \u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7，\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c
\n if (dp[x][y] != -1) {
\n return dp[x][y];
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a1，\u56e0\u4e3a\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ed1\u5230\u81ea\u5df1
\n dp[x][y] = 1;<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u904d\u5386\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411
\n for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
\n int newX = x + dirs[i][0];
\n int newY = y + dirs[i][1];
\n \/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u662f\u5426\u4e0b\u964d
\n if (newX >= 0 && newX < R && newY >= 0 && newY < C && matrix[newX][newY] < matrix[x][y]) {
\n \/\/ \u9012\u5f52\u8ba1\u7b97\u76f8\u90bb\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u957f\u6ed1\u5761\u957f\u5ea6，\u5e76\u66f4\u65b0\u5f53\u524d\u70b9\u7684dp\u503c
\n dp[x][y] = max(dp[x][y], dfs(newX, newY) + 1);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
return dp[x][y];
\n}<\/p>\n
int main() {
\n \/\/ \u8bfb\u53d6\u884c\u6570\u548c\u5217\u6570
\n cin >> R >> C;
\n matrix.assign(R, vector<int>(C));
\n for (int i = 0; i < R; ++i) {
\n for (int j = 0; j < C; ++j) {
\n cin >> matrix[i][j];
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316dp\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a-1，\u8868\u793a\u672a\u8ba1\u7b97
\n dp.assign(R, vector<int>(C, -1));<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u70b9，\u8ba1\u7b97\u6700\u957f\u6ed1\u5761\u957f\u5ea6
\n int maxLength = 0;
\n for (int i = 0; i < R; ++i) {
\n for (int j = 0; j < C; ++j) {
\n if (dp[i][j] == -1) { \/\/ \u5982\u679c\u5c1a\u672a\u8ba1\u7b97
\n dfs(i, j);
\n }
\n maxLength = max(maxLength, dp[i][j]);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c
\n cout << maxLength << endl;<\/p>\n
return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb788\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e21\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf8\u6b21\u3002\u6280\u672f | \u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528 || IO\u6d41 | \u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e8f\u5217 || \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b | \u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c || \u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u7247 | \u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0a\u4f20\u4e0e\u4e0b\u8f7d |<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":38458,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[371],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-38463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-371"],"yoast_head":"\n
JAVAfx\u9879\u76ee\u603b\u7ed3 && \u7b97\u6cd5\u9898 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38463.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"JAVAfx\u9879\u76ee\u603b\u7ed3 && \u7b97\u6cd5\u9898 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb788\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e21\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf8\u6b21\u3002\u6280\u672f | \u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528 || IO\u6d41 | \u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e8f\u5217 || \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b | \u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c || \u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u7247 | \u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0a\u4f20\u4e0e\u4e0b\u8f7d |\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38463.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-05-20T08:32:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250520083242-682c3e2acb0c3.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38463.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38463.html\",\"name\":\"JAVAfx\u9879\u76ee\u603b\u7ed3 && \u7b97\u6cd5\u9898 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-05-20T08:32:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-05-20T08:32:44+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/358e386c577a3ab51c4493330a20ad41\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38463.html#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38463.html\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38463.html#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u9996\u9875\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"JAVAfx\u9879\u76ee\u603b\u7ed3 && \u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/\",\"name\":\"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\",\"description\":\"\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668_\u9999\u6e2f\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d44\u8baf_\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u6863_\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6559\u7a0b\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/358e386c577a3ab51c4493330a20ad41\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/gravatar.wp-china-yes.net\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mystery\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/gravatar.wp-china-yes.net\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mystery\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/wp.wsisp.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/author\/admin\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"JAVAfx\u9879\u76ee\u603b\u7ed3 && \u7b97\u6cd5\u9898 - 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\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-05-20T08:32:44+00:00","dateModified":"2025-05-20T08:32:44+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/358e386c577a3ab51c4493330a20ad41"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38463.html#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"zh-Hans","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38463.html"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38463.html#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u9996\u9875","item":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"JAVAfx\u9879\u76ee\u603b\u7ed3 && \u7b97\u6cd5\u9898"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/","name":"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3","description":"\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668_\u9999\u6e2f\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d44\u8baf_\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e2e\u52a9\u6587\u6863_\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6559\u7a0b","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"zh-Hans"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/358e386c577a3ab51c4493330a20ad41","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"zh-Hans","@id":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/gravatar.wp-china-yes.net\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mystery","contentUrl":"https:\/\/gravatar.wp-china-yes.net\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mystery","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/wp.wsisp.com"],"url":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/author\/admin"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38463","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38463"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38463\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38458"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38463"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38463"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38463"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=38463"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
3. \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528<\/h3>\n（1）\u5bf9\u8c61\u6301\u4e45\u5316（\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\/\u6570\u636e\u5e93）<\/h4>\n\n- \n
\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u78c1\u76d8，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u53ef\u6062\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u793a\u4f8b：\u6e38\u620f\u5b58\u6863\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
（2）\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93（\u8de8\u8fdb\u7a0b\/\u8de8\u673a\u5668\u901a\u4fe1）<\/h4>\n\n- \n
\u5bf9\u8c61 \u2192 \u5b57\u8282\u6d41 \u2192 \u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93 \u2192 \u5b57\u8282\u6d41 \u2192 \u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u793a\u4f8b：RPC\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
（3）\u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d（Deep Copy）<\/h4>\n\n- \n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\/\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u590d\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u793a\u4f8b：\u907f\u514dJava\u7684\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
（4）\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362<\/h4>\n\n- \n
\u901a\u7528\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u683c\u5f0f（\u5982JSON\u3001Protocol Buffers）\u652f\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u793a\u4f8b：Java\u670d\u52a1\u4e0ePython\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
4. \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u610f\u4e49<\/h3>\n（1）\u89e3\u51b3\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f20\u8f93\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n\n- \n
\u7f51\u7edc\u53ea\u80fd\u4f20\u8f93\u5b57\u8282\u6d41，\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
（2）\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u4fe1<\/h4>\n\n- \n
\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u3001RPC\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217（\u5982Kafka）\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u4f20\u9012\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
（3）\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/h4>\n\n- \n
\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u534f\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u89c4\u5219，\u907f\u514d\u89e3\u6790\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
（4）\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u6269\u5c55\u6027<\/h4>\n\n- \n
\u901a\u8fc7\u7248\u672c\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u534f\u8bae（\u5982Protobuf），\u652f\u6301\u5b57\u6bb5\u52a8\u6001\u589e\u51cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u56db\u3001IO\u6d41<\/h2>\n
\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d，IO\u6d41\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93，\u6838\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c7b：<\/p>\n
1. \u5b57\u8282\u6d41（Byte Streams）<\/h3>\n
FileInputStream`\/`FileOutputStream\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u5199\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6（\u5982\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u89c6\u9891）\u3002<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6 \u00a0 try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("file.bin")) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 int bytesRead; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 while ((bytesRead = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 } \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \/\/ \u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6 \u00a0 try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("output.bin")) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 fos.write(dataBytes); \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
2. \u5b57\u7b26\u6d41（Character Streams）<\/h3>\n
BufferedReader`\/`BufferedWriter\u00a0<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6 \u00a0 try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("config.txt"))) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 String line; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 System.out.println(line); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 } \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \/\/ \u5199\u5165\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6 \u00a0 try (BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("log.txt"))) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 bw.write("Log message"); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 bw.newLine(); \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
3. \u5bf9\u8c61\u6d41（Object Streams）<\/h3>\n
ObjectInputStream`\/`ObjectOutputStream \u00a0 \u7528\u4e8e\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316Java\u5bf9\u8c61（\u5982\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \/\/ \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u5230\u6587\u4ef6 \u00a0 try (ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream( \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 new FileOutputStream("user.dat"))) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 oos.writeObject(user); \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \/\/ \u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61 \u00a0 try (ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream( \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 new FileInputStream("user.dat"))) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 User user = (User) ois.readObject(); \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
4. \u7f51\u7edcIO（Socket\u6d41）<\/h3>\n
Socket.getInputStream()`\/`Socket.getOutputStream() \u00a0 \u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1，\u7ed3\u5408`BufferedReader`\u548c`PrintWriter`\u5904\u7406\u6587\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8bfb\u53d6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6570\u636e \u00a0 try (BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader( \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()))) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 String message = in.readLine(); \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \/\/ \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef \u00a0 try (PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter( \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 socket.getOutputStream(), true)) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 out.println("Hello Server!"); \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h2>\n
\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n
ExecutorService \u00a0 \u907f\u514d\u9891\u7e41\u521b\u5efa\/\u9500\u6bc1\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10); \u00a0 threadPool.execute(() -> { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42 \u00a0 });<\/p>\n
2. \u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65<\/h3>\n
synchronized`\u5173\u952e\u5b57 \u00a0 \u4fdd\u62a4\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90（\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60）\u3002 \u00a0<\/p>\n
public synchronized void updateData() { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ \u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u64cd\u4f5c \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u7247\u4e0a\u4f20\/\u4e0b\u8f7d<\/h2>\n
\u901a\u8fc7IO\u6d41\u5b9e\u73b0\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5206\u5757\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u7247\u4e0a\u4f20<\/h3>\n
\/\/ \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5206\u7247\u53d1\u9001 try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("large_file.zip"); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis)) { \u00a0 \u00a0 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024]; \/\/ 1MB\u5206\u7247 \u00a0 \u00a0 int bytesRead; \u00a0 \u00a0 while ((bytesRead = bis.read(buffer)) != -1) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 socket.getOutputStream().write(buffer, 0, bytesRead); \u00a0 \u00a0 } }<\/p>\n
2. \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5206\u7247\u63a5\u6536<\/h3>\n
try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("received_file.zip"); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos)) { \u00a0 \u00a0 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024]; \u00a0 \u00a0 int bytesRead; \u00a0 \u00a0 while ((bytesRead = socket.getInputStream().read(buffer)) != -1) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 bos.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead); \u00a0 \u00a0 } }<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h2>\n
\u4f7f\u7528JDBC\u8fdb\u884cCRUD\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
1. \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/h3>\n
String url = "jdbc:mysql:\/\/localhost:3306\/mydb"; String user = "root"; String password = "123456"; try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password)) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ \u6267\u884cSQL }<\/p>\n
2. \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
String sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?"; try (PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) { \u00a0 \u00a0 stmt.setInt(1, 1001); \u00a0 \u00a0 ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(); \u00a0 \u00a0 while (rs.next()) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 String name = rs.getString("name"); \u00a0 \u00a0 } }<\/p>\n
3. \u63d2\u5165\/\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n
String sql = "INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (?, ?)"; try (PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) { \u00a0 \u00a0 stmt.setString(1, "Alice"); \u00a0 \u00a0 stmt.setInt(2, 25); \u00a0 \u00a0 stmt.executeUpdate(); }<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n
| \u6280\u672f\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0| \u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 | |————-|——————————————————————| | IO\u6d41\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 | \u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e8f\u5217\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 | | \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u00a0 \u00a0 | \u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 | | \u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u7247 | \u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0a\u4f20\u4e0e\u4e0b\u8f7d \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 | | MySQL\u00a0 \u00a0| \u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 | | JavaFX\u00a0\u00a0 | \u6784\u5efa\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762，\u4e0e\u540e\u7aefSocket\/\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ea4\u4e92\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f，\u9879\u76ee\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86： \u00a0<\/h3>\n
1.\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u901a\u4fe1（\u957f\u77ed\u94fe\u63a5\u7ed3\u5408） \u00a0 \u00a02.\u9ad8\u6548\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93（\u5206\u7247\u5904\u7406） \u00a0 \u00a03.\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316（MySQL + \u5e8f\u5217\u5316） \u00a0 \u00a04.\u7528\u6237\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762（JavaFX）<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898<\/h2>\n1.<\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def：\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u5e76\u67e5\u96c6，\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2amap\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0string->int\u5373\u53ef<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <vector>
\n#include <stack>
\n#include <queue>
\n#include <climits>
\n#include <algorithm>
\n#include <map>
\n#define ll long long
\nusing namespace std;<\/p>\n
int n, m, p;<\/p>\n
int find(int x, vector<int>& parent) {
\n if (parent[x] != x)
\n parent[x] = find(parent[x], parent);
\n return parent[x];
\n}<\/p>\n
void setUnion(int a, int b, vector<int>& parent, vector<int>& rank) {
\n a = find(a,parent);
\n b = find(b,parent);<\/p>\n
if (a == b)
\n return;<\/p>\n
int x1 = min(a, b);
\n int x2 = max(a, b);
\n if (rank[x1] > rank[x2])
\n parent[x2] = x1;
\n else if (rank[x1] < rank[x2])
\n parent[x2] = x1;
\n else {
\n parent[x1] = x2;
\n rank[x2]++;
\n }<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
bool isConnect(int a, int b, vector<int>& parent) {
\n a = find(a, parent);
\n b = find(b, parent);
\n return a == b;
\n}<\/p>\n
int main() {
\n cin >> n >> m;
\n vector<int>parent(n + 1, 0); \/\/ \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7
\n map<string,int> tt;
\n vector<int>rank(n + 1, 0); \/\/ \u5efa\u7acb\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u6811<\/p>\n
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { \/\/ \u5148\u6307\u5411\u81ea\u8eab
\n parent[i] = i;
\n string s; cin >> s;
\n tt[s] = i;
\n }<\/p>\n
for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) { \/\/ \u5efa\u7acb\u4eb2\u621a\u5173\u7cfb
\n string a, b; cin >> a >> b;
\n int x1 = tt[a], x2 = tt[b];
\n setUnion(x1, x2, parent, rank);
\n }
\n cin >> p;
\n for (int i = 1; i <= p; i++) {
\n string a, b; cin >> a >> b;
\n int x1 = tt[a], x2 = tt[b];
\n if (isConnect(x1, x2, parent))
\n cout << "Yes." << endl;
\n else
\n cout << "No." << endl;
\n }<\/p>\n
return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n
\u00a02.<\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def： \u5e76\u67e5\u96c6，\u9650\u5b9a\u4e86\u5408\u5e76\u6761\u4ef6，\u6839\u636e\u9898\u76ee\u7684\u5408\u5e76\u6761\u4ef6\u5408\u6210\u5373\u53ef<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <vector>
\n#include <stack>
\n#include <queue>
\n#include <climits>
\n#include <algorithm>
\n#include <map>
\n#define ll long long
\nusing namespace std;<\/p>\n
map<string, string> parent;<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u8fd4\u56dename\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u7956\u5148，\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u538b\u7f29
\nstring findAncestor(string name) {
\n if (name != parent[name]) {
\n parent[name] = findAncestor(parent[name]);
\n }
\n return parent[name];
\n}<\/p>\n
int main() {
\n char prefix;
\n string name;
\n string current_parent;<\/p>\n
cin >> prefix;
\n while (prefix != '$') {
\n cin >> name;
\n if (prefix == '#') {
\n current_parent = name;
\n if (parent.find(name) == parent.end()) {
\n parent[name] = name; \/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7236\u4eb2\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab
\n }
\n } else if (prefix == '+') {
\n parent[name] = current_parent;
\n } else if (prefix == '?') {
\n cout << name << ' ' << findAncestor(name) << endl;
\n }
\n cin >> prefix;
\n }<\/p>\n
return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n
3.<\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def：\u628a\u9898\u76ee\u770b\u6210\u56fe，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u70b9\u90fd\u662f\u9876\u70b9，\u8ddd\u79bb\u90fd\u662f\u6743\u91cd，\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528kruskal\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <algorithm>
\n#include <vector>
\n#include <cmath>
\n#include <iomanip>
\nusing namespace std;<\/p>\n
struct Edge {
\n int u, v;
\n double w;
\n bool operator<(const Edge& other) const {
\n return w < other.w;
\n }
\n};<\/p>\n
vector<Edge> edges;
\nvector<int> parent;
\nint S, P;
\nvector<pair<int, int>> d; <\/p>\n
int find(int x) {
\n if (parent[x] != x) {
\n parent[x] = find(parent[x]);
\n }
\n return parent[x];
\n}<\/p>\n
void unionset(int x, int y) {
\n int rootX = find(x);
\n int rootY = find(y);
\n if (rootX != rootY) {
\n parent[rootY] = rootX;
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
double kruskal() {<\/p>\n
parent.resize(P + 1);
\n for (int i = 1; i <= P; i++) {
\n parent[i] = i;
\n }<\/p>\n
sort(edges.begin(), edges.end());<\/p>\n
double ans = 0.0;
\n int k = P – S; <\/p>\n
for (const auto& edge : edges) {
\n if (find(edge.u) != find(edge.v)) {
\n unionset(edge.u, edge.v);
\n ans = edge.w;
\n k–;
\n if (k == 0) {
\n break;
\n }
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
return ans;
\n}<\/p>\n
int main() {
\n cin >> S >> P;
\n d.resize(P + 1);<\/p>\n
for (int i = 1; i <= P; i++) {
\n cin >> d[i].first >> d[i].second;
\n }<\/p>\n
for (int i = 1; i <= P; i++) {
\n for (int j = i + 1; j <= P; j++) {
\n double dx = d[i].first – d[j].first;
\n double dy = d[i].second – d[j].second;
\n double dis = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
\n edges.push_back({ i, j, dis });
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
double ans = kruskal();<\/p>\n
cout << fixed << setprecision(2) << ans << endl;<\/p>\n
return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n
\u00a04.<\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def:\u5f00\u59cb\u60f3\u4e86\u597d\u4e45，\u53d1\u73b0N<=6,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u597d\u50cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba，\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u70b9\u8ff7，\u5c31\u770b\u4e86\u4e0b\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002\u8ba9\u653e\u4e0b\u7684\u6cb9\u6ef4\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6269\u5927，\u76f8\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9762\u79ef，\u6bcf\u6b21\u679a\u4e3e\u90fd\u53d6\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <vector>
\n#include <cmath>
\n#include <algorithm>
\n#include <iomanip><\/p>\n
using namespace std;<\/p>\n
double area(int N, const vector<pair<int, int>>& points, int left, int right, int bottom, int top) {
\n double max_total_area = 0.0;
\n vector<int> indices(N);
\n for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
\n indices[i] = i;
\n }<\/p>\n
do {
\n vector<double> radii(N, 0.0);
\n double total_area = 0.0;
\n for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
\n int x = points[indices[i]].first;
\n int y = points[indices[i]].second;
\n double min_r = min({x – left, right – x, y – bottom, top – y});
\n for (int j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
\n int xj = points[indices[j]].first;
\n int yj = points[indices[j]].second;
\n double dx = x – xj;
\n double dy = y – yj;
\n double distance = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
\n min_r = min(min_r, distance – radii[j]);
\n if (min_r <= 0) break;
\n }
\n if (min_r > 0) {
\n radii[i] = min_r;
\n total_area += M_PI * min_r * min_r;
\n }
\n }
\n if (total_area > max_total_area) {
\n max_total_area = total_area;
\n }
\n } while (next_permutation(indices.begin(), indices.end()));<\/p>\n
double area_rect = (right – left) * (top – bottom);
\n return area_rect – max_total_area;
\n}<\/p>\n
int main() {
\n int N;
\n cin >> N;
\n int x1, y1, x2, y2;
\n cin >> x1 >> y1 >> x2 >> y2;
\n int left = min(x1, x2);
\n int right = max(x1, x2);
\n int bottom = min(y1, y2);
\n int top = max(y1, y2);<\/p>\n
vector<pair<int, int>> points(N);
\n for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
\n cin >> points[i].first >> points[i].second;
\n }<\/p>\n
sort(points.begin(), points.end());
\n double remaining_area = area(N, points, left, right, bottom, top);
\n cout << static_cast<int>(round(remaining_area)) << endl;<\/p>\n
return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n
5.<\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def：\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u8fd9\u79cd\u9898，\u6211\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7528dfs\u6765\u641c\u7d22，\u4f46\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u8d85\u9650，\u7136\u540e\u6211\u770b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u8def，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c，\u5f53dfs\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u91cc\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\u5c31\u884c\u4e86，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u662f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <vector>
\n#include <stack>
\n#include <queue>
\n#include <climits>
\n#include <algorithm>
\n#include <map>
\n#define ll long long
\nusing namespace std;<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411
\nint dirs[4][2] = {{-1, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}, {0, 1}};<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u77e9\u9635\u548cdp\u6570\u7ec4
\nvector<vector<int>> matrix;
\nvector<vector<int>> dp;
\nint R, C;<\/p>\n
\/\/ DFS\u51fd\u6570，\u8fd4\u56de\u4ece(x, y)\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u6700\u957f\u6ed1\u5761\u957f\u5ea6
\nint dfs(int x, int y) {
\n \/\/ \u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7，\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c
\n if (dp[x][y] != -1) {
\n return dp[x][y];
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a1，\u56e0\u4e3a\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ed1\u5230\u81ea\u5df1
\n dp[x][y] = 1;<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u904d\u5386\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411
\n for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
\n int newX = x + dirs[i][0];
\n int newY = y + dirs[i][1];
\n \/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u662f\u5426\u4e0b\u964d
\n if (newX >= 0 && newX < R && newY >= 0 && newY < C && matrix[newX][newY] < matrix[x][y]) {
\n \/\/ \u9012\u5f52\u8ba1\u7b97\u76f8\u90bb\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u957f\u6ed1\u5761\u957f\u5ea6，\u5e76\u66f4\u65b0\u5f53\u524d\u70b9\u7684dp\u503c
\n dp[x][y] = max(dp[x][y], dfs(newX, newY) + 1);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
return dp[x][y];
\n}<\/p>\n
int main() {
\n \/\/ \u8bfb\u53d6\u884c\u6570\u548c\u5217\u6570
\n cin >> R >> C;
\n matrix.assign(R, vector<int>(C));
\n for (int i = 0; i < R; ++i) {
\n for (int j = 0; j < C; ++j) {
\n cin >> matrix[i][j];
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316dp\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a-1，\u8868\u793a\u672a\u8ba1\u7b97
\n dp.assign(R, vector<int>(C, -1));<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u70b9，\u8ba1\u7b97\u6700\u957f\u6ed1\u5761\u957f\u5ea6
\n int maxLength = 0;
\n for (int i = 0; i < R; ++i) {
\n for (int j = 0; j < C; ++j) {
\n if (dp[i][j] == -1) { \/\/ \u5982\u679c\u5c1a\u672a\u8ba1\u7b97
\n dfs(i, j);
\n }
\n maxLength = max(maxLength, dp[i][j]);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c
\n cout << maxLength << endl;<\/p>\n
return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb788\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e21\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf8\u6b21\u3002\u6280\u672f | \u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528 || IO\u6d41 | \u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e8f\u5217 || \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b | \u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c || \u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u7247 | \u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0a\u4f20\u4e0e\u4e0b\u8f7d |<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":38458,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[371],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-38463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-371"],"yoast_head":"\n
JAVAfx\u9879\u76ee\u603b\u7ed3 && \u7b97\u6cd5\u9898 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38463.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"JAVAfx\u9879\u76ee\u603b\u7ed3 && \u7b97\u6cd5\u9898 - \u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb788\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e21\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf8\u6b21\u3002\u6280\u672f | \u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528 || IO\u6d41 | \u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e8f\u5217 || \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b | \u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c || \u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u7247 | \u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0a\u4f20\u4e0e\u4e0b\u8f7d |\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38463.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u7f51\u7855\u4e92\u8054\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u5fc3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-05-20T08:32:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250520083242-682c3e2acb0c3.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38463.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38463.html\",\"name\":\"JAVAfx\u9879\u76ee\u603b\u7ed3 && \u7b97\u6cd5\u9898 - 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- \n
- \n
\u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u78c1\u76d8，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u53ef\u6062\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u793a\u4f8b：\u6e38\u620f\u5b58\u6863\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
（2）\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93（\u8de8\u8fdb\u7a0b\/\u8de8\u673a\u5668\u901a\u4fe1）<\/h4>\n
- \n
- \n
\u5bf9\u8c61 \u2192 \u5b57\u8282\u6d41 \u2192 \u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93 \u2192 \u5b57\u8282\u6d41 \u2192 \u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u793a\u4f8b：RPC\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
（3）\u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d（Deep Copy）<\/h4>\n
- \n
- \n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\/\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u590d\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u793a\u4f8b：\u907f\u514dJava\u7684\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
（4）\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362<\/h4>\n
- \n
- \n
\u901a\u7528\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u683c\u5f0f（\u5982JSON\u3001Protocol Buffers）\u652f\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
- \n
\u793a\u4f8b：Java\u670d\u52a1\u4e0ePython\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
4. \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u610f\u4e49<\/h3>\n
（1）\u89e3\u51b3\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f20\u8f93\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n
- \n
- \n
\u7f51\u7edc\u53ea\u80fd\u4f20\u8f93\u5b57\u8282\u6d41，\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
（2）\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u4fe1<\/h4>\n
- \n
- \n
\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u3001RPC\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217（\u5982Kafka）\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u4f20\u9012\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
（3）\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/h4>\n
- \n
- \n
\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u534f\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u89c4\u5219，\u907f\u514d\u89e3\u6790\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
（4）\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u6269\u5c55\u6027<\/h4>\n
- \n
- \n
\u901a\u8fc7\u7248\u672c\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u534f\u8bae（\u5982Protobuf），\u652f\u6301\u5b57\u6bb5\u52a8\u6001\u589e\u51cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u56db\u3001IO\u6d41<\/h2>\n
\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d，IO\u6d41\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93，\u6838\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c7b：<\/p>\n
1. \u5b57\u8282\u6d41（Byte Streams）<\/h3>\n
FileInputStream`\/`FileOutputStream\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u5199\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6（\u5982\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u89c6\u9891）\u3002<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6 \u00a0 try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("file.bin")) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 int bytesRead; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 while ((bytesRead = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 } \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \/\/ \u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6 \u00a0 try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("output.bin")) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 fos.write(dataBytes); \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
2. \u5b57\u7b26\u6d41（Character Streams）<\/h3>\n
BufferedReader`\/`BufferedWriter\u00a0<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6 \u00a0 try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("config.txt"))) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 String line; \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 System.out.println(line); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 } \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \/\/ \u5199\u5165\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6 \u00a0 try (BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("log.txt"))) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 bw.write("Log message"); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 bw.newLine(); \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
3. \u5bf9\u8c61\u6d41（Object Streams）<\/h3>\n
ObjectInputStream`\/`ObjectOutputStream \u00a0 \u7528\u4e8e\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316Java\u5bf9\u8c61（\u5982\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \/\/ \u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u5230\u6587\u4ef6 \u00a0 try (ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream( \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 new FileOutputStream("user.dat"))) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 oos.writeObject(user); \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \/\/ \u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61 \u00a0 try (ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream( \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 new FileInputStream("user.dat"))) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 User user = (User) ois.readObject(); \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
4. \u7f51\u7edcIO（Socket\u6d41）<\/h3>\n
Socket.getInputStream()`\/`Socket.getOutputStream() \u00a0 \u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1，\u7ed3\u5408`BufferedReader`\u548c`PrintWriter`\u5904\u7406\u6587\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8bfb\u53d6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6570\u636e \u00a0 try (BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader( \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()))) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 String message = in.readLine(); \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \/\/ \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef \u00a0 try (PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter( \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 socket.getOutputStream(), true)) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 out.println("Hello Server!"); \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h2>\n
\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n
ExecutorService \u00a0 \u907f\u514d\u9891\u7e41\u521b\u5efa\/\u9500\u6bc1\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10); \u00a0 threadPool.execute(() -> { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42 \u00a0 });<\/p>\n
2. \u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65<\/h3>\n
synchronized`\u5173\u952e\u5b57 \u00a0 \u4fdd\u62a4\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90（\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60）\u3002 \u00a0<\/p>\n
public synchronized void updateData() { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ \u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u64cd\u4f5c \u00a0 }<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u7247\u4e0a\u4f20\/\u4e0b\u8f7d<\/h2>\n
\u901a\u8fc7IO\u6d41\u5b9e\u73b0\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5206\u5757\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u7247\u4e0a\u4f20<\/h3>\n
\/\/ \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5206\u7247\u53d1\u9001 try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("large_file.zip"); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis)) { \u00a0 \u00a0 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024]; \/\/ 1MB\u5206\u7247 \u00a0 \u00a0 int bytesRead; \u00a0 \u00a0 while ((bytesRead = bis.read(buffer)) != -1) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 socket.getOutputStream().write(buffer, 0, bytesRead); \u00a0 \u00a0 } }<\/p>\n
2. \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5206\u7247\u63a5\u6536<\/h3>\n
try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("received_file.zip"); \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos)) { \u00a0 \u00a0 byte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024]; \u00a0 \u00a0 int bytesRead; \u00a0 \u00a0 while ((bytesRead = socket.getInputStream().read(buffer)) != -1) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 bos.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead); \u00a0 \u00a0 } }<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h2>\n
\u4f7f\u7528JDBC\u8fdb\u884cCRUD\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
1. \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/h3>\n
String url = "jdbc:mysql:\/\/localhost:3306\/mydb"; String user = "root"; String password = "123456"; try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password)) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \/\/ \u6267\u884cSQL }<\/p>\n
2. \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
String sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?"; try (PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) { \u00a0 \u00a0 stmt.setInt(1, 1001); \u00a0 \u00a0 ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(); \u00a0 \u00a0 while (rs.next()) { \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 String name = rs.getString("name"); \u00a0 \u00a0 } }<\/p>\n
3. \u63d2\u5165\/\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n
String sql = "INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (?, ?)"; try (PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) { \u00a0 \u00a0 stmt.setString(1, "Alice"); \u00a0 \u00a0 stmt.setInt(2, 25); \u00a0 \u00a0 stmt.executeUpdate(); }<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n
| \u6280\u672f\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0| \u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 | |————-|——————————————————————| | IO\u6d41\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 | \u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e8f\u5217\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 | | \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u00a0 \u00a0 | \u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 | | \u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u7247 | \u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0a\u4f20\u4e0e\u4e0b\u8f7d \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 | | MySQL\u00a0 \u00a0| \u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 | | JavaFX\u00a0\u00a0 | \u6784\u5efa\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762，\u4e0e\u540e\u7aefSocket\/\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ea4\u4e92\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0|<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f，\u9879\u76ee\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86： \u00a0<\/h3>\n
1.\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u901a\u4fe1（\u957f\u77ed\u94fe\u63a5\u7ed3\u5408） \u00a0 \u00a02.\u9ad8\u6548\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93（\u5206\u7247\u5904\u7406） \u00a0 \u00a03.\u6570\u636e\u6301\u4e45\u5316（MySQL + \u5e8f\u5217\u5316） \u00a0 \u00a04.\u7528\u6237\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762（JavaFX）<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898<\/h2>\n
1.<\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def：\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u5e76\u67e5\u96c6，\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2amap\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0string->int\u5373\u53ef<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <vector>
\n#include <stack>
\n#include <queue>
\n#include <climits>
\n#include <algorithm>
\n#include <map>
\n#define ll long long
\nusing namespace std;<\/p>\nint n, m, p;<\/p>\n
int find(int x, vector<int>& parent) {
\n if (parent[x] != x)
\n parent[x] = find(parent[x], parent);
\n return parent[x];
\n}<\/p>\nvoid setUnion(int a, int b, vector<int>& parent, vector<int>& rank) {
\n a = find(a,parent);
\n b = find(b,parent);<\/p>\nif (a == b)
\n return;<\/p>\nint x1 = min(a, b);
\n int x2 = max(a, b);
\n if (rank[x1] > rank[x2])
\n parent[x2] = x1;
\n else if (rank[x1] < rank[x2])
\n parent[x2] = x1;
\n else {
\n parent[x1] = x2;
\n rank[x2]++;
\n }<\/p>\n}<\/p>\n
bool isConnect(int a, int b, vector<int>& parent) {
\n a = find(a, parent);
\n b = find(b, parent);
\n return a == b;
\n}<\/p>\nint main() {
\n cin >> n >> m;
\n vector<int>parent(n + 1, 0); \/\/ \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7
\n map<string,int> tt;
\n vector<int>rank(n + 1, 0); \/\/ \u5efa\u7acb\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u6811<\/p>\nfor (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { \/\/ \u5148\u6307\u5411\u81ea\u8eab
\n parent[i] = i;
\n string s; cin >> s;
\n tt[s] = i;
\n }<\/p>\nfor (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) { \/\/ \u5efa\u7acb\u4eb2\u621a\u5173\u7cfb
\n string a, b; cin >> a >> b;
\n int x1 = tt[a], x2 = tt[b];
\n setUnion(x1, x2, parent, rank);
\n }
\n cin >> p;
\n for (int i = 1; i <= p; i++) {
\n string a, b; cin >> a >> b;
\n int x1 = tt[a], x2 = tt[b];
\n if (isConnect(x1, x2, parent))
\n cout << "Yes." << endl;
\n else
\n cout << "No." << endl;
\n }<\/p>\nreturn 0;
\n} <\/p>\n\u00a02.<\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def： \u5e76\u67e5\u96c6，\u9650\u5b9a\u4e86\u5408\u5e76\u6761\u4ef6，\u6839\u636e\u9898\u76ee\u7684\u5408\u5e76\u6761\u4ef6\u5408\u6210\u5373\u53ef<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <vector>
\n#include <stack>
\n#include <queue>
\n#include <climits>
\n#include <algorithm>
\n#include <map>
\n#define ll long long
\nusing namespace std;<\/p>\nmap<string, string> parent;<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u8fd4\u56dename\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u7956\u5148，\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u538b\u7f29
\nstring findAncestor(string name) {
\n if (name != parent[name]) {
\n parent[name] = findAncestor(parent[name]);
\n }
\n return parent[name];
\n}<\/p>\nint main() {
\n char prefix;
\n string name;
\n string current_parent;<\/p>\ncin >> prefix;
\n while (prefix != '$') {
\n cin >> name;
\n if (prefix == '#') {
\n current_parent = name;
\n if (parent.find(name) == parent.end()) {
\n parent[name] = name; \/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7236\u4eb2\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab
\n }
\n } else if (prefix == '+') {
\n parent[name] = current_parent;
\n } else if (prefix == '?') {
\n cout << name << ' ' << findAncestor(name) << endl;
\n }
\n cin >> prefix;
\n }<\/p>\nreturn 0;
\n} <\/p>\n3.<\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def：\u628a\u9898\u76ee\u770b\u6210\u56fe，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u70b9\u90fd\u662f\u9876\u70b9，\u8ddd\u79bb\u90fd\u662f\u6743\u91cd，\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528kruskal\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <algorithm>
\n#include <vector>
\n#include <cmath>
\n#include <iomanip>
\nusing namespace std;<\/p>\nstruct Edge {
\n int u, v;
\n double w;
\n bool operator<(const Edge& other) const {
\n return w < other.w;
\n }
\n};<\/p>\nvector<Edge> edges;
\nvector<int> parent;
\nint S, P;
\nvector<pair<int, int>> d; <\/p>\nint find(int x) {
\n if (parent[x] != x) {
\n parent[x] = find(parent[x]);
\n }
\n return parent[x];
\n}<\/p>\nvoid unionset(int x, int y) {
\n int rootX = find(x);
\n int rootY = find(y);
\n if (rootX != rootY) {
\n parent[rootY] = rootX;
\n }
\n}<\/p>\ndouble kruskal() {<\/p>\n
parent.resize(P + 1);
\n for (int i = 1; i <= P; i++) {
\n parent[i] = i;
\n }<\/p>\nsort(edges.begin(), edges.end());<\/p>\n
double ans = 0.0;
\n int k = P – S; <\/p>\nfor (const auto& edge : edges) {
\n if (find(edge.u) != find(edge.v)) {
\n unionset(edge.u, edge.v);
\n ans = edge.w;
\n k–;
\n if (k == 0) {
\n break;
\n }
\n }
\n }<\/p>\nreturn ans;
\n}<\/p>\nint main() {
\n cin >> S >> P;
\n d.resize(P + 1);<\/p>\nfor (int i = 1; i <= P; i++) {
\n cin >> d[i].first >> d[i].second;
\n }<\/p>\nfor (int i = 1; i <= P; i++) {
\n for (int j = i + 1; j <= P; j++) {
\n double dx = d[i].first – d[j].first;
\n double dy = d[i].second – d[j].second;
\n double dis = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
\n edges.push_back({ i, j, dis });
\n }
\n }<\/p>\ndouble ans = kruskal();<\/p>\n
cout << fixed << setprecision(2) << ans << endl;<\/p>\n
return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n\u00a04.<\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def:\u5f00\u59cb\u60f3\u4e86\u597d\u4e45，\u53d1\u73b0N<=6,\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u597d\u50cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba，\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u70b9\u8ff7，\u5c31\u770b\u4e86\u4e0b\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002\u8ba9\u653e\u4e0b\u7684\u6cb9\u6ef4\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6269\u5927，\u76f8\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9762\u79ef，\u6bcf\u6b21\u679a\u4e3e\u90fd\u53d6\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <vector>
\n#include <cmath>
\n#include <algorithm>
\n#include <iomanip><\/p>\nusing namespace std;<\/p>\n
double area(int N, const vector<pair<int, int>>& points, int left, int right, int bottom, int top) {
\n double max_total_area = 0.0;
\n vector<int> indices(N);
\n for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
\n indices[i] = i;
\n }<\/p>\ndo {
\n vector<double> radii(N, 0.0);
\n double total_area = 0.0;
\n for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
\n int x = points[indices[i]].first;
\n int y = points[indices[i]].second;
\n double min_r = min({x – left, right – x, y – bottom, top – y});
\n for (int j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
\n int xj = points[indices[j]].first;
\n int yj = points[indices[j]].second;
\n double dx = x – xj;
\n double dy = y – yj;
\n double distance = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
\n min_r = min(min_r, distance – radii[j]);
\n if (min_r <= 0) break;
\n }
\n if (min_r > 0) {
\n radii[i] = min_r;
\n total_area += M_PI * min_r * min_r;
\n }
\n }
\n if (total_area > max_total_area) {
\n max_total_area = total_area;
\n }
\n } while (next_permutation(indices.begin(), indices.end()));<\/p>\ndouble area_rect = (right – left) * (top – bottom);
\n return area_rect – max_total_area;
\n}<\/p>\nint main() {
\n int N;
\n cin >> N;
\n int x1, y1, x2, y2;
\n cin >> x1 >> y1 >> x2 >> y2;
\n int left = min(x1, x2);
\n int right = max(x1, x2);
\n int bottom = min(y1, y2);
\n int top = max(y1, y2);<\/p>\nvector<pair<int, int>> points(N);
\n for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
\n cin >> points[i].first >> points[i].second;
\n }<\/p>\nsort(points.begin(), points.end());
\n double remaining_area = area(N, points, left, right, bottom, top);
\n cout << static_cast<int>(round(remaining_area)) << endl;<\/p>\nreturn 0;
\n} <\/p>\n5.<\/h3>\n
<\/p>\n\u89e3\u9898\u601d\u8def：\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u8fd9\u79cd\u9898，\u6211\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7528dfs\u6765\u641c\u7d22，\u4f46\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u8d85\u9650，\u7136\u540e\u6211\u770b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u8def，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u5b58\u50a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c，\u5f53dfs\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e，\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u91cc\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\u5c31\u884c\u4e86，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u662f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u641c\u7d22<\/p>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <vector>
\n#include <stack>
\n#include <queue>
\n#include <climits>
\n#include <algorithm>
\n#include <map>
\n#define ll long long
\nusing namespace std;<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411
\nint dirs[4][2] = {{-1, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}, {0, 1}};<\/p>\n\/\/ \u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u77e9\u9635\u548cdp\u6570\u7ec4
\nvector<vector<int>> matrix;
\nvector<vector<int>> dp;
\nint R, C;<\/p>\n\/\/ DFS\u51fd\u6570，\u8fd4\u56de\u4ece(x, y)\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u6700\u957f\u6ed1\u5761\u957f\u5ea6
\nint dfs(int x, int y) {
\n \/\/ \u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7，\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c
\n if (dp[x][y] != -1) {
\n return dp[x][y];
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a1，\u56e0\u4e3a\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ed1\u5230\u81ea\u5df1
\n dp[x][y] = 1;<\/p>\n\/\/ \u904d\u5386\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411
\n for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
\n int newX = x + dirs[i][0];
\n int newY = y + dirs[i][1];
\n \/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u662f\u5426\u4e0b\u964d
\n if (newX >= 0 && newX < R && newY >= 0 && newY < C && matrix[newX][newY] < matrix[x][y]) {
\n \/\/ \u9012\u5f52\u8ba1\u7b97\u76f8\u90bb\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u957f\u6ed1\u5761\u957f\u5ea6，\u5e76\u66f4\u65b0\u5f53\u524d\u70b9\u7684dp\u503c
\n dp[x][y] = max(dp[x][y], dfs(newX, newY) + 1);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\nreturn dp[x][y];
\n}<\/p>\nint main() {
\n \/\/ \u8bfb\u53d6\u884c\u6570\u548c\u5217\u6570
\n cin >> R >> C;
\n matrix.assign(R, vector<int>(C));
\n for (int i = 0; i < R; ++i) {
\n for (int j = 0; j < C; ++j) {
\n cin >> matrix[i][j];
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316dp\u6570\u7ec4\u4e3a-1，\u8868\u793a\u672a\u8ba1\u7b97
\n dp.assign(R, vector<int>(C, -1));<\/p>\n\/\/ \u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u70b9，\u8ba1\u7b97\u6700\u957f\u6ed1\u5761\u957f\u5ea6
\n int maxLength = 0;
\n for (int i = 0; i < R; ++i) {
\n for (int j = 0; j < C; ++j) {
\n if (dp[i][j] == -1) { \/\/ \u5982\u679c\u5c1a\u672a\u8ba1\u7b97
\n dfs(i, j);
\n }
\n maxLength = max(maxLength, dp[i][j]);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n\/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c
\n cout << maxLength << endl;<\/p>\nreturn 0;
\n}<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb788\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e21\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf8\u6b21\u3002\u6280\u672f | \u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528 || IO\u6d41 | \u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e8f\u5217 || \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b | \u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c || \u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u7247 | \u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0a\u4f20\u4e0e\u4e0b\u8f7d |<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":38458,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[371],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-38463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-371"],"yoast_head":"\n
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