{"id":38308,"date":"2025-05-20T08:16:07","date_gmt":"2025-05-20T00:16:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38308.html"},"modified":"2025-05-20T08:16:07","modified_gmt":"2025-05-20T00:16:07","slug":"udp%e9%80%9a%e4%bf%a1%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%ef%bc%9a%e5%ae%a2%e6%88%b7%e7%ab%af%e4%b8%8e%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%a4%e4%ba%92%e7%a4%ba%e4%be%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38308.html","title":{"rendered":"UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u5b9e\u6218\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u793a\u4f8b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 \"menu-r.4af5f7ec.gif\" <\/p>\n

\u7b80\u4ecb：UDP\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae，\u7528\u4e8e\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42，\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u573a\u666f\u3002\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7684UDP socket\u901a\u4fe1\u5c55\u793a\u4e86UDP\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u76d1\u542c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3，\u63a5\u6536\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u6587，\u800c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5219\u8d1f\u8d23\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u63a5\u6536\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ed1\u5b9asocket\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4，\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86UDP\u7684\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7279\u6027，\u4ee5\u53ca\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801，\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u638c\u63e1UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u6280\u5de7\u3002 \"udp\u901a\u4fe1\u793a\u4f8b\" <\/p>\n

1. UDP\u534f\u8bae\u6982\u8ff0 <\/h2>\n

\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u534f\u8bae（UDP）\u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u534f\u8bae\u5957\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae，\u5b83\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002UDP\u4ee5\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u3001\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u4f4e\u5f00\u9500\u800c\u8457\u79f0，\u5728\u5bf9\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u4e3a\u8bfb\u8005\u6982\u8ff0UDP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8UDP\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5c01\u88c5\u65b9\u5f0f，\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u5728IP\u5c42\u4e4b\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u670d\u52a1\u3002 <\/p>\n

UDP\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u901a\u4fe1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7b80\u4fbf\u6027，\u5373\u65e0\u9700\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u867d\u7136\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027，\u4f46\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u65f6\u5ef6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecdUDP\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7ed3\u6784，\u5305\u62ec\u5b83\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3001\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u7279\u6027\u53ca\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u6253\u4e0b\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002 <\/p>\n

| \u5b57\u6bb5 | \u5b57\u8282\u6570 | \u63cf\u8ff0 |
\n|——|——–|——|
\n| \u6e90\u7aef\u53e3 | 2 | \u53ef\u9009，\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\u7684\u7aef\u53e3 |
\n| \u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u53e3 | 2 | \u5fc5\u987b，\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u7684\u7aef\u53e3 |
\n| \u957f\u5ea6 | 2 | \u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u603b\u957f\u5ea6，\u5355\u4f4d\u5b57\u8282 |
\n| \u6821\u9a8c\u548c | 2 | \u7528\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b57\u6bb5 |<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8868\u683c，\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u770b\u5230UDP\u5934\u90e8\u5b57\u6bb5\u6784\u6210\u7684\u7ec6\u8282，\u4ece\u800c\u7406\u89e3UDP\u534f\u8bae\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u4e4b\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7279\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

2. UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7279\u6027 <\/h2>\n

2.1 \u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u89e3\u6790 <\/h3>\n

2.1.1 \u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u7279\u70b9 <\/h4>\n

\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u662fUDP（User Datagram Protocol，\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u534f\u8bae）\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u6027\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002UDP\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae，\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5efa\u7acb\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u4e0eTCP（Transmission Control Protocol，\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae）\u7684\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u540c，UDP\u65e0\u9700\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u5373\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u6301\u4efb\u4f55\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 <\/p>\n

UDP\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u70b9： – \u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u9001\u4e0e\u63a5\u6536 ：\u7531\u4e8e\u7701\u53bb\u4e86\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536，\u8fd9\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528，\u5982\u5728\u7ebf\u6e38\u620f\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u89c6\u9891\u4f20\u8f93\u7b49\u3002 – \u7b80\u5355\u6027 ：UDP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u7b80\u5355，\u53ea\u67098\u5b57\u8282，\u5305\u542b\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3001\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u7b49\u5b57\u6bb5，\u4e0d\u50cfTCP\u534f\u8bae\u90a3\u6837\u9700\u8981\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u53ca\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 – \u65e0\u72b6\u6001 ：\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001，\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0a\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01，\u4e14\u8d44\u6e90\u5f00\u9500\u5c0f\u3002 <\/p>\n

2.1.2 \u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0e\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u6790 <\/h4>\n

\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684UDP\u4e0e\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u7684TCP\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u6839\u672c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c，\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u901a\u4fe1\u7279\u6027\u4e0a\u6709\u7740\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e24\u8005\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83： <\/p>\n

\u53ef\u9760\u6027 ： – TCP ：\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u670d\u52a1，\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5747\u80fd\u6309\u5e8f\u5230\u8fbe\u63a5\u6536\u65b9，\u5e76\u5bf9\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u4f20，\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002 – UDP ：\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6216\u5b8c\u6574\u6027，\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u91cd\u4f20，\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5c3d\u6700\u5927\u52aa\u529b\u4ea4\u4ed8（best-effort delivery）\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236 ： – TCP ：\u5177\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7684\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236，\u80fd\u591f\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7f51\u7edc\u8fc7\u8f7d\u3002 – UDP ：\u6ca1\u6709\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236，\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u901f\u7387\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406 ： – TCP ：\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5efa\u7acb（\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b）\u548c\u7ec8\u6b62（\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b），\u8fde\u63a5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d88\u8017\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 – UDP ：\u65e0\u9700\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406，\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u66f4\u52a0\u8f7b\u4fbf\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236 ： – TCP ：\u901a\u8fc7\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u673a\u5236\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u5927\u5c0f，\u63a7\u5236\u53d1\u9001\u901f\u7387，\u9632\u6b62\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7f13\u5b58\u6ea2\u51fa\u3002 – UDP ：\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236，\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6765\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00，TCP\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u670d\u52a1，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u987a\u5e8f\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5e94\u7528；\u800cUDP\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u670d\u52a1，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bf9\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u5fcd\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002 <\/p>\n

2.2 \u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650 <\/h3>\n

2.2.1 \u4f18\u52bf\u5206\u6790：\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u4fe1\u4e0e\u4f4e\u5f00\u9500 <\/h4>\n

\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u9752\u7750，\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u52bf：\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u4f4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5206\u6790： <\/p>\n

\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u4fe1 ： UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u4e0b，\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u5373\u65f6\u72b6\u6001，\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u50cfTCP\u90a3\u6837\u8fdb\u884c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e2d，UDP\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d，\u73a9\u5bb6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u54cd\u5e94，\u4efb\u4f55\u5ef6\u8fdf\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6e38\u620f\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u4f7f\u7528UDP，\u6e38\u620f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u73a9\u5bb6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb，\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u7b49\u5f85\u786e\u8ba4\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4f4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u9500 ： UDP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u4ec5\u67098\u5b57\u8282，\u5305\u62ec\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3001\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f，\u800cTCP\u534f\u8bae\u5934\u90e8\u6700\u5c11\u4e3a20\u5b57\u8282，\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u8fbe60\u5b57\u8282，\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u3001\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54\u53f7\u3001\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，UDP\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u8981\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8eTCP，\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86CPU\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387，\u4e5f\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u7684\u5360\u7528\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u4f7f\u7528UDP\u53ef\u4ee5\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387，\u5982VoIP（Voice over IP）\u7535\u8bdd\u548c\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u64ad\u653e\u3002 <\/p>\n

2.2.2 \u5c40\u9650\u63a2\u8ba8：\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u6311\u6218 <\/h4>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1UDP\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5feb\u901f\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u4f4e\u5f00\u9500\u7684\u4f18\u52bf，\u4f46\u5176\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u7531\u4e8eUDP\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u91cd\u4f20，\u56e0\u6b64\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e22\u5931\u3001\u91cd\u590d\u6216\u4e71\u5e8f\u5230\u8fbe\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f，UDP\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931 ： \u7531\u4e8eUDP\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u786e\u8ba4\u548c\u91cd\u4f20，\u4e00\u65e6\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4e22\u5931，\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u5230\u8fbe\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528，\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93，\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e22\u5931\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6587\u4ef6\u635f\u574f，\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u91cd\u590d ： \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0d\u4f73\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u88ab\u590d\u5236，\u5bfc\u81f4\u540c\u4e00\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u591a\u6b21\u3002\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u6ca1\u6709\u68c0\u6d4b\u673a\u5236，\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u5904\u7406，\u5bfc\u81f4\u903b\u8f91\u9519\u8bef\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u4e71\u5e8f ： \u5728\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77，\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u5230\u8fbe\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u53d1\u9001\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6392\u5e8f，\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u51fa\u9519\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u8bbe\u8ba1\u989d\u5916\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u5728\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u524d\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u53f7，\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u6839\u636e\u7f16\u53f7\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u91cd\u590d\u548c\u4e71\u5e8f，\u5e76\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u673a\u5236\u867d\u7136\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u9500，\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f25\u8865UDP\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002 <\/p>\n

3. UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7279\u6027 <\/h2>\n

3.1 \u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u901a\u4fe1\u673a\u5236\u5256\u6790 <\/h3>\n

3.1.1 \u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7279\u6027\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ca\u8868\u73b0 <\/h4>\n

\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u534f\u8bae（UDP）\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u534f\u8bae，\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4f1a\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u9001\u8fbe\u63a5\u6536\u65b9，\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5305\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u6216\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7279\u6027\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5316\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u5728UDP\u4e2d，\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u6253\u5305\u5e76\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb，\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u6216\u7b49\u5f85\u63a5\u6536\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5ef6\u8fdf，\u9002\u5408\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u548c\u5bf9\u5ef6\u8fdf\u654f\u611f\u7684\u5e94\u7528，\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u7ebf\u6e38\u620f\u548c\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u5e7f\u64ad\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7279\u6027\u7684\u8868\u73b0 ： – \u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5efa\u7acb ：\u53d1\u9001\u524d\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 – \u65e0\u786e\u8ba4\u673a\u5236 ：\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u5173\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5305\u662f\u5426\u5230\u8fbe\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u3002 – \u65e0\u5e8f\u5217\u63a7\u5236 ：\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e71\u5e8f\u5230\u8fbe，\u6216\u8005\u5728\u591a\u64ad\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u3002 – \u65e0\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236 ：\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e22\u5931，UDP\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u3002 <\/p>\n

3.1.2 \u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7279\u6027\u5bf9\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7684\u5f71\u54cd <\/h4>\n

\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5728\u4f7f\u7528UDP\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651UDP\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7279\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u786e\u8ba4\u3001\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u6062\u590d\u7b49\u673a\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u4e22\u5f03\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5e76\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cd\u4f20\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305，\u800c\u5b9e\u65f6\u6e38\u620f\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u5ffd\u7565\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7684\u5f71\u54cd ： – \u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e22\u5931\u5904\u7406 ：\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002 – \u6392\u5e8f\u673a\u5236 ：\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e71\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u3002 – \u8d85\u65f6\u548c\u91cd\u4f20\u7b56\u7565 ：\u5bf9\u4e8e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8d85\u65f6\u548c\u91cd\u4f20\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002 – \u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236 ：\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u63a7\u5236\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u901f\u5ea6，\u9632\u6b62\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\u3002 <\/p>\n

3.2 \u63d0\u5347UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u7b56\u7565 <\/h3>\n

3.2.1 \u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u786e\u8ba4\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1 <\/h4>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u589e\u5f3aUDP\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027，\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u5165\u786e\u8ba4\u673a\u5236\u3002\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5728\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5305\u540e，\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u8ba4\u6d88\u606f\u7ed9\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u9884\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u786e\u8ba4，\u5b83\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u8bbe\u8ba1\u786e\u8ba4\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20 ： – \u786e\u8ba4\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u9891\u7387 ：\u592a\u9ad8\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u7f51\u7edc\u8d1f\u8f7d，\u592a\u4f4e\u53c8\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002 – \u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a ：\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u51b5\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u3002 – \u4e22\u5305\u68c0\u6d4b ：\u9700\u8981\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4e22\u5305\u68c0\u6d4b\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u89e6\u53d1\u91cd\u4f20\u3002 <\/p>\n

3.2.2 \u589e\u5f3a\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5 <\/h4>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u786e\u8ba4\u673a\u5236，\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u6821\u9a8c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662f\u6821\u9a8c\u548c（checksum）\u673a\u5236，\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u68c0\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u589e\u5f3a\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5 ： – \u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u7684\u4f7f\u7528 ：\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u5e76\u9644\u52a0\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e2d，\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u8ba1\u7b97\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u5bf9，\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002 – \u5197\u4f59\u6570\u636e ：\u53d1\u9001\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002 – \u6570\u636e\u538b\u7f29 ：\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53ef\u538b\u7f29\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u538b\u7f29\u540e\u53d1\u9001\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u8bbe\u8ba1，\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7b56\u7565\u3002 <\/p>\n

4. \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b <\/h2>\n

4.1 \u670d\u52a1\u7aefsocket\u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u7ed1\u5b9a <\/h3>\n

4.1.1 socket\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u4f7f\u7528 <\/h4>\n

\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d，socket\u63a5\u53e3\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728UDP\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d，\u521b\u5efasocket\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002 <\/p>\n

#include <sys\/types.h>
\n#include <sys\/socket.h>
\n#include <netinet\/in.h>
\n#include <arpa\/inet.h>
\n#include <unistd.h>
\n#include <string.h><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u521b\u5efasocket
\nint sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
\nif (sockfd < 0) {
\n perror("socket creation failed");
\n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
\n}<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aUDP socket\u3002 AF_INET \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5730\u5740\u65cf\u4e3aIPv4， SOCK_DGRAM \u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9762\u5411\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7684socket\u3002\u8be5socket\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e，\u4f46\u7531\u4e8eUDP\u662f\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684，\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u521b\u5efasocket\u4e4b\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5（\u5982TCP socket\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4）\u3002 <\/p>\n

4.1.2 \u5730\u5740\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879 <\/h4>\n

\u4e00\u65e6\u670d\u52a1\u7aefsocket\u88ab\u521b\u5efa，\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a，\u8fd9\u6837\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u3002 <\/p>\n

\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6esocket\u9009\u9879，\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u7528\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3
\nint yes = 1;
\nif (setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof(yes)) < 0) {
\n perror("setsockopt failed");
\n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
\n}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5b9a\u4e49\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5730\u5740\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53
\nstruct sockaddr_in server_addr;
\nmemset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
\nserver_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528IPv4\u5730\u5740
\nserver_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); \/\/ \u63a5\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u8fde\u63a5
\nserver_addr.sin_port = htons(54000); \/\/ \u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u7aef\u53e354000<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u7ed1\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\u5230socket
\nif (bind(sockfd, (const struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) {
\n perror("bind failed");
\n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
\n}<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6b64\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u901a\u8fc7 setsockopt \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86socket\u9009\u9879，\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u7528\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002 INADDR_ANY \u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u7aefsocket\u5c06\u76d1\u542c\u6240\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u3002 htons \u548c htonl \u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4e3b\u673a\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f，\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d，\u6570\u636e\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u4f20\u8f93\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u7ed1\u5b9a\u6210\u529f\u540e，\u670d\u52a1\u7aefsocket\u5373\u53ef\u5f00\u59cb\u76d1\u542c\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u8be5\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002 <\/p>\n

4.2 \u6570\u636e\u63a5\u6536\u4e0e\u56de\u5e94\u53d1\u9001 <\/h3>\n

4.2.1 \u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b <\/h4>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a5\u6536\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528 recvfrom \u51fd\u6570\u3002 <\/p>\n

#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024<\/p>\n

char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
\nstruct sockaddr_in client_addr;
\nsocklen_t client_addr_len = sizeof(client_addr);<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e
\nint n = recvfrom(sockfd, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 0,
\n (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &client_addr_len);
\nif (n < 0) {
\n perror("recvfrom failed");
\n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
\n}<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5904\u7406\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e
\nbuffer[n] = '\\\\0'; \/\/ \u786e\u4fdd\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7ec8\u6b62
\n\/\/ [\u6b64\u5904\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u5904\u7406\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e]<\/p>\n

recvfrom \u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u586b\u5145\u5230buffer\u4e2d，\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5b9e\u9645\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4fe1\u606f\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728 client_addr \u548c client_addr_len \u4e2d\u3002 <\/p>\n

4.2.2 \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u4e0e\u7b56\u7565 <\/h4>\n

\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u540e，\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u5e94\u3002 <\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5c06\u56de\u5e94\u6d88\u606f\u590d\u5236\u5230\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a
\nconst char *response = "Server received your message!";
\nif (sendto(sockfd, response, strlen(response), 0,
\n (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, client_addr_len) < 0) {
\n perror("sendto failed");
\n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
\n}<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528 sendto \u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u56de\u5e94\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u6ce8\u610f，\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e4b\u524d recvfrom \u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u586b\u5145\u7684 client_addr \u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u53d1\u9001\u65f6\u673a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u65f6\u804a\u5929\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5373\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u5e94，\u800c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42-\u54cd\u5e94\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f55\u65f6\u56de\u5e94\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u8282，\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4，\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u540e\u9762\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u6790\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d，\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742，\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u5f02\u6b65IO\u5904\u7406，\u4ee5\u53ca\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n

5. \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b <\/h2>\n

\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8UDP\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6307\u53d1\u8d77\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u4e00\u65b9，\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u867d\u7136UDP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684，\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u65e0\u5e8f\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u638c\u63e1\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u7a33\u5b9a\u53ef\u9760\u7684UDP\u5e94\u7528\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u4ece\u521b\u5efasocket\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5730\u5740，\u5230\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u56de\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002 <\/p>\n

5.1 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aefsocket\u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u5730\u5740\u83b7\u53d6 <\/h3>\n

5.1.1 socket\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u4f7f\u7528 <\/h4>\n

\u5728UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2asocket\u3002Socket\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u7840，\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5728\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u4f7f\u7528socket\u63a5\u53e3\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5e93，\u7136\u540e\u8c03\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884csocket\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4ee5C\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3a\u4f8b，\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aUDP socket\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n

#include <sys\/socket.h>
\n#include <netinet\/in.h>
\n#include <arpa\/inet.h>
\n#include <stdio.h><\/p>\n

int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);<\/p>\n

if (sockfd < 0) {
\n perror("Socket creation failed");
\n return -1;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d， socket() \u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684socket，\u5176\u4e2d AF_INET \u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u7528IPv4\u5730\u5740\u65cf， SOCK_DGRAM \u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u7528UDP\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 sockfd \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u7528\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u7684socket\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 <\/p>\n

5.1.2 \u83b7\u53d6\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5730\u5740\u7684\u673a\u5236 <\/h4>\n

\u5728\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1\u4e4b\u524d，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6309\u7167\u534f\u8bae\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5c31\u80fd\u6784\u5efa\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u606f，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u83b7\u53d6\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50： <\/p>\n

struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
\nmemset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));<\/p>\n

servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET; \/\/ IPv4\u5730\u5740\u65cf
\nservaddr.sin_port = htons(8080); \/\/ \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7
\ninet_pton(AF_INET, "192.168.1.100", &servaddr.sin_addr); \/\/ \u670d\u52a1\u7aefIP\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d， memset() \u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316 servaddr \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53， servaddr.sin_family \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a AF_INET \u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u7528IPv4\u5730\u5740， servaddr.sin_port \u8bbe\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7， inet_pton() \u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u3002 <\/p>\n

5.2 \u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u4e0e\u56de\u5e94\u63a5\u6536 <\/h3>\n

5.2.1 \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5 <\/h4>\n

UDP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 sendto() \u51fd\u6570\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8d1f\u8d23\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e，\u8fd8\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730，\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5305\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u8def\u7531\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u524d\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u4e4b\u524d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u606f\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u9002\u5408 sendto() \u51fd\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n

char msg[] = "Hello, UDP Server!";
\nstruct sockaddr_in servaddr;<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4ee3\u7801\u59825.1.2\u6240\u8ff0<\/p>\n

if (sendto(sockfd, msg, strlen(msg), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0) {
\n perror("Send message failed");
\n close(sockfd);
\n return -1;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d， sendto() \u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 msg \u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u3002 strlen(msg) \u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u957f\u5ea6， sizeof(servaddr) \u662f\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002 <\/p>\n

5.2.2 \u63a5\u6536\u56de\u5e94\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5206\u6790 <\/h4>\n

\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u63a5\u6536\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002UDP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528 recvfrom() \u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4e0e sendto() \u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u4f3c， recvfrom() \u4e0d\u4ec5\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e，\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n

char buffer[1024];
\nstruct sockaddr_in servaddr;
\nsocklen_t servaddr_len = sizeof(servaddr);<\/p>\n

int n = recvfrom(sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&servaddr, &servaddr_len);<\/p>\n

if (n < 0) {
\n perror("Receive message failed");
\n close(sockfd);
\n return -1;
\n}<\/p>\n

buffer[n] = '\\\\0';
\nprintf("Received message from server: %s\\\\n", buffer);<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d， recvfrom() \u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 buffer \u4e2d， servaddr_len \u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u957f\u5ea6\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 n \u4e2d，\u6700\u540e\u901a\u8fc7 printf \u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u8282\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528socket API\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0UDP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6d41\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u521b\u5efasocket\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5730\u5740\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a5\u6536\u56de\u5e94\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u53ef\u9760\u7684UDP\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u91cd\u4f20\u7b56\u7565\u3002 <\/p>\n

6. UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0 <\/h2>\n

\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8UDP\u534f\u8bae\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0，\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u548cWindows\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u6d41\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884cUDP\u901a\u4fe1\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e24\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0bsocket\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684API\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9bAPI\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e24\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd，\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u3002 <\/p>\n

6.1 Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u7684UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u5b9e\u8df5 <\/h3>\n

Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5f00\u6e90\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027，\u5e7f\u6cdb\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u3002Linux\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3，\u800cUDP\u901a\u4fe1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f，\u5728Linux\u4e0b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e5f\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002 <\/p>\n

6.1.1 Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684socket\u7f16\u7a0b <\/h4>\n

\u5728Linux\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884cUDP\u901a\u4fe1，\u9996\u5148\u8981\u4e86\u89e3socket\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5728Linux\u4e2d，\u4e00\u5207\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684，\u800csocket\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b，\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6765\u64cd\u4f5csocket\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684UDP socket\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801： <\/p>\n

#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <stdlib.h>
\n#include <string.h>
\n#include <unistd.h>
\n#include <arpa\/inet.h><\/p>\n

int main() {
\n int sockfd;
\n struct sockaddr_in servaddr;<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u521b\u5efasocket
\n sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
\n if (sockfd < 0) {
\n perror("socket creation failed");
\n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
\n }<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5730\u5740\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53
\n memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
\n servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
\n servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
\n servaddr.sin_port = htons(12345);<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e
\n const char *message = "Hello, UDP";
\n sendto(sockfd, message, strlen(message), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5173\u95edsocket
\n close(sockfd);<\/p>\n

return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u9762\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aUDP socket，\u5e76\u5411\u672c\u5730\u4e3b\u673a\u768412345\u7aef\u53e3\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86socket()\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efasocket，sendto()\u51fd\u6570\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002 <\/p>\n

6.1.2 Linux\u7279\u5b9aAPI\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u5206\u6790 <\/h4>\n

Linux\u4e0b\u7684socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u5f88\u591a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684API，\u8fd9\u4e9bAPI\u652f\u6301\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5b8c\u6210\u4ece\u521b\u5efasocket\u5230\u5173\u95edsocket\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684socket\u64cd\u4f5c\u5916，Linux\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684API\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b，\u6bd4\u5982getsockopt()\u548csetsockopt()\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6esocket\u9009\u9879，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u7ec6\u8282，\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528select()\u6216epoll()\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684IO\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528，\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n

6.2 Windows\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u7684UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u5b9e\u8df5 <\/h3>\n

Windows\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u540c\u6837\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u4e0eLinux\u4e0d\u540c，Windows\u66f4\u6ce8\u91cd\u5728API\u5c42\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fbf\u6377\u548c\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3，\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8fdb\u884cUDP\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6，\u4f7f\u7528Windows\u7684socket API\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6709\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002 <\/p>\n

6.2.1 Windows\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684socket\u7f16\u7a0b <\/h4>\n

\u5728Windows\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884cUDP\u901a\u4fe1，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Winsock API，\u8fd9\u662fWindows\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002Winsock\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u5957\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93（DLLs）\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528Winsock API\u8fdb\u884cUDP\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801： <\/p>\n

#include <winsock2.h>
\n#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <stdlib.h><\/p>\n

#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")<\/p>\n

int main() {
\n WSADATA wsaData;
\n SOCKET udpSocket;
\n struct sockaddr_in udpAddr;<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316Winsock
\n int result = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
\n if (result != 0) {
\n printf("WSAStartup failed: %d\\\\n", result);
\n return 1;
\n }<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u521b\u5efaUDP socket
\n udpSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
\n if (udpSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
\n printf("Socket creation failed with error: %ld\\\\n", WSAGetLastError());
\n WSACleanup();
\n return 1;
\n }<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u63a5\u6536\u5730\u5740
\n memset(&udpAddr, 0, sizeof(udpAddr));
\n udpAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
\n udpAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
\n udpAddr.sin_port = htons(12345);<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e
\n const char *message = "Hello, UDP";
\n int sendResult = sendto(udpSocket, message, strlen(message), 0, (SOCKADDR*)&udpAddr, sizeof(udpAddr));
\n if (sendResult == SOCKET_ERROR) {
\n printf("Send failed with error: %d\\\\n", WSAGetLastError());
\n closesocket(udpSocket);
\n WSACleanup();
\n return 1;
\n }<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5173\u95edsocket
\n closesocket(udpSocket);
\n WSACleanup();<\/p>\n

return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e86Winsock，\u7136\u540e\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aUDP socket，\u5e76\u5411\u672c\u5730\u4e3b\u673a\u768412345\u7aef\u53e3\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86WSAStartup()\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316Winsock，socket()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u521b\u5efasocket，sendto()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6700\u540e，\u5173\u95edsocket\u5e76\u6e05\u7406Winsock\u3002 <\/p>\n

6.2.2 Windows\u7279\u5b9aAPI\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u5206\u6790 <\/h4>\n

\u5728Windows\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b，\u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684Winsock API\u5916，\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e13\u95e8\u7684API\u7528\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，Windows\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u901a\u77e5\u673a\u5236，\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4f7f\u7528WSAEventSelect()\u51fd\u6570\u5c06socket\u4e0eWindows\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u6837，\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u88ab\u901a\u77e5，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5230\u8fbe\u65f6\u4e0d\u65ad\u8f6e\u8be2，\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6548\u7387\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f，Windows\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684Winsock\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005（Protocol Providers），\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1，\u6bd4\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528TCP\/IP\u3001NWLink IPX\/SPX\/NetBIOS Compatible Transport\u6216AppleTalk Transport\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5e95\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684，\u4f46\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6784\u5efa\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf，\u5e76\u4e14\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002 <\/p>\n

7. UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u548c\u91cd\u4f20\u7b56\u7565 <\/h2>\n

\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d，\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u90fd\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002UDP\u867d\u7136\u4ee5\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u8457\u79f0，\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u514d\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u548c\u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002 <\/p>\n

7.1 \u5e38\u89c1UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u9519\u8bef\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u5206\u6790 <\/h3>\n

UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4e3b\u8981\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b：\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u5730\u5740\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/p>\n

7.1.1 \u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u65ad\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931 <\/h4>\n

\u7531\u4e8eUDP\u534f\u8bae\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u9001\u8fbe，\u56e0\u6b64\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u65ad\u6216\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e22\u5931，\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u786e\u8ba4，\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f97\u800c\u77e5\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4e3a\u68c0\u6d4b\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9519\u8bef，\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u4f20\u903b\u8f91\u3002 <\/p>\n

7.1.2 \u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u4e0e\u5730\u5740\u65e0\u6548 <\/h4>\n

\u5f53\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u8bd5\u56fe\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u65f6，\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u6216\u8005\u5730\u5740\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aICMP\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5，\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u9700\u8981\u59a5\u5584\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef，\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u65e0\u6548\u5730\u5740\u3002 <\/p>\n

7.2 UDP\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1 <\/h3>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u5904\u7406UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef，\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5065\u58ee\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u548c\u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u8fdb\u884c\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u9047\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\u91c7\u53d6\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002 <\/p>\n

7.2.1 \u9519\u8bef\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u5f02\u5e38\u6355\u83b7 <\/h4>\n

\u5728UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d，\u9519\u8bef\u68c0\u6d4b\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u6355\u83b7\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u9884\u5b9a\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7684\u786e\u8ba4，\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e22\u5931，\u5e76\u89e6\u53d1\u91cd\u4f20\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 <\/p>\n

import socket
\nimport time<\/p>\n

# UDP socket\u5bf9\u8c61\u521b\u5efa
\nsock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
\ntry:
\n # \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94
\n sock.sendto(data, (host, port))
\n sock.settimeout(Timeout) # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4
\n response, address = sock.recvfrom(1024)
\nexcept socket.timeout:
\n # \u8d85\u65f6\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406，\u89e6\u53d1\u91cd\u4f20
\n print("Timed out. Retrying to send data…")
\n # \u5b9e\u73b0\u91cd\u4f20\u903b\u8f91<\/p>\n

7.2.2 \u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316 <\/h4>\n

UDP\u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u673a\u5236（\u5982NACK）\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u91cd\u4f20\u573a\u666f，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u4f20\u6b21\u6570\u7684\u9650\u5236，\u8d85\u8fc7\u6b64\u6b21\u6570\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u901a\u4fe1\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u5728\u786e\u8ba4\u673a\u5236\u4e2d，\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7，\u5e76\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u786e\u8ba4\u3002 <\/p>\n

MAX_RETRANSMISSIONS = 5
\ncurrent_transmission = 0<\/p>\n

while current_transmission < MAX_RETRANSMISSIONS:
\n try:
\n sock.sendto(data, (host, port))
\n sock.settimeout(Timeout)
\n response, address = sock.recvfrom(1024)
\n if response:
\n # \u6210\u529f\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u54cd\u5e94
\n break
\n except socket.timeout:
\n current_transmission += 1
\n print(f"Retransmitting {current_transmission}\/{MAX_RETRANSMISSIONS}…")
\n if current_transmission == MAX_RETRANSMISSIONS:
\n print("Maximum retransmission count reached. Communication failed.")<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u6839\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f18\u5316\u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236，\u6bd4\u5982\u8c03\u6574\u91cd\u4f20\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u6570\u9000\u907f\u7b97\u6cd5\u51cf\u5c11\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u68c0\u6d4b\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u3002\u9488\u5bf9UDP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7279\u6027，\u5408\u7406\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u548c\u91cd\u4f20\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0，\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 \"menu-r.4af5f7ec.gif\" <\/p>\n

\u7b80\u4ecb：UDP\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae，\u7528\u4e8e\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42，\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u573a\u666f\u3002\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7684UDP socket\u901a\u4fe1\u5c55\u793a\u4e86UDP\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u76d1\u542c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3，\u63a5\u6536\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u6587，\u800c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5219\u8d1f\u8d23\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u63a5\u6536\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ed1\u5b9asocket\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4，\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86UDP\u7684\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u7279\u6027，\u4ee5\u53ca\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801，\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u638c\u63e1UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u6280\u5de7\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 \"menu-r.4af5f7ec.gif\" <\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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