{"id":38160,"date":"2025-05-20T01:03:59","date_gmt":"2025-05-19T17:03:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38160.html"},"modified":"2025-05-20T01:03:59","modified_gmt":"2025-05-19T17:03:59","slug":"android%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%89%e6%ac%a1%e9%9d%a2%e8%af%95%e6%80%bb%e7%bb%93%e4%b9%8b%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e7%af%87%e8%a1%a5%e5%85%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38160.html","title":{"rendered":"Android\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u9762\u8bd5\u603b\u7ed3\u4e4b\u7f51\u7edc\u7bc7\u8865\u5145"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b：OSI \u4e03\u5c42 vs TCP\/IP \u56db\u5c42（\u5fc5\u8003\u70b9）<\/h2>\n

1. \u5206\u5c42\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h5>\n\nOSI \u4e03\u5c42\u6a21\u578bTCP\/IP \u56db\u5c42\u6a21\u578b\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fdAndroid \u76f8\u5173\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u5e94\u7528\u5c42（7 \u5c42）<\/td>\n\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/td>\n\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f（HTTP\/HTTPS\/FTP\/API）<\/td>\nOkHttp\/Retrofit \u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42（\u5982 JSON \u89e3\u6790\u3001Header \u5904\u7406）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u8868\u793a\u5c42（6 \u5c42）<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u538b\u7f29（TLS\/SSL \u5c5e\u4e8e\u6b64\u5c42）<\/td>\nHTTPS \u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u6821\u9a8c\u3001\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5bc6（Android \u9700\u5904\u7406 SSL Pinning）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5c42（5 \u5c42）<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n\u5efa\u7acb \/ \u7ba1\u7406\u4f1a\u8bdd（\u5982 TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001）<\/td>\nTCP \u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u4fdd\u6301（\u5982 HTTP 1.1 \u7684Connection: keep-alive）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42（4 \u5c42）<\/td>\n\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42<\/td>\n\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1（TCP\/UDP）<\/td>\n\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e95\u5c42\u9009\u62e9（TCP \u7528\u4e8e\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\u5982\u63a5\u53e3\u8c03\u7528，UDP \u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u5982 VoIP）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42（3 \u5c42）<\/td>\n\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42<\/td>\n\u8def\u7531\u5bfb\u5740（IP \u534f\u8bae\u3001ARP \u534f\u8bae）<\/td>\nIP \u5730\u5740\u83b7\u53d6（WifiManager.getDhcpInfo()）\u3001\u5b50\u7f51\u5212\u5206<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42（2 \u5c42）<\/td>\n\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42<\/td>\nMAC \u5bfb\u5740\u3001\u5dee\u9519\u6821\u9a8c（\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u534f\u8bae）<\/td>\nWi-Fi \/ \u84dd\u7259\u7684 MAC \u5730\u5740\u8bc6\u522b（getMacAddress()\u5728 Android 6.0 + \u9700\u6743\u9650）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u7269\u7406\u5c42（1 \u5c42）<\/td>\n\u7269\u7406\u5c42<\/td>\n\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93（\u5149\u7ea4 \/ \u7535\u78c1\u6ce2）<\/td>\n\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\u5224\u65ad（Wi-Fi\/4G \/ \u84dd\u7259，ConnectivityManager）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
2. \u9762\u8bd5\u9898：\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f51\u7edc\u8981\u5206\u5c42\u8bbe\u8ba1？<\/h5>\n
    \n
  • \u7b54：\u89e3\u8026\u590d\u6742\u5ea6（\u6bcf\u5c42\u4e13\u6ce8\u5355\u4e00\u529f\u80fd）\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u63a5\u53e3（\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u517c\u5bb9）\u3001\u4fbf\u4e8e\u6545\u969c\u5b9a\u4f4d（\u5982 HTTP 404 \u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u95ee\u9898）\u3002<\/li>\n
  • Android \u5b9e\u4f8b：OkHttp \u5e95\u5c42\u7528 Socket（\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42），\u4e0a\u5c42\u5c01\u88c5 HTTP（\u5e94\u7528\u5c42），\u5206\u5c42\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8ba9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u65e0\u9700\u5173\u5fc3 TCP \u63e1\u624b\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u534f\u8bae\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790（\u9ad8\u9891\u8003\u70b9）<\/h4>\n

    1. \u4f20\u8f93\u5c42：TCP vs UDP（\u5fc5\u95ee）<\/h5>\n\n\u7279\u6027TCPUDPAndroid \u5178\u578b\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5（\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b \/ \u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b）<\/td>\n\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5（\u5373\u53d1\u5373\u5f03）<\/td>\nTCP：\u63a5\u53e3\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8f7d；UDP：\u89c6\u9891\u901a\u8bdd\u3001IM \u5fc3\u8df3\u5305<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u53ef\u9760\u6027<\/td>\n\u53ef\u9760（\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54\u3001\u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236）<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760（\u65e0\u91cd\u4f20，\u9700\u4e0a\u5c42\u5904\u7406）<\/td>\nTCP \u901a\u8fc7HttpURLConnection\u5b9e\u73b0\u91cd\u8bd5\u7b56\u7565<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387<\/td>\n\u4f4e（\u989d\u5916\u63a7\u5236\u62a5\u6587）<\/td>\n\u9ad8（\u65e0\u989d\u5916\u5f00\u9500）<\/td>\nUDP \u9002\u5408\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u7684\u573a\u666f（\u5982\u76f4\u64ad\u63a8\u6d41）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u3001\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n\u65e0<\/td>\nTCP \u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u5f71\u54cd\u7f51\u7edc\u4f18\u5316（\u5982\u6162\u542f\u52a8\u7b97\u6cd5）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    \u7ecf\u5178\u95ee\u9898：<\/h6>\n
      \n
    • \n

      \u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n

    • \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1 SYN \u5305（SEQ=x，\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fde\u63a5），\u8fdb\u5165 SYN_SENT；<\/li>\n
    • \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u56de\u590d SYN+ACK（SEQ=y，ACK=x+1），\u8fdb\u5165 SYN_RCVD；<\/li>\n
    • \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u56de\u590d ACK（ACK=y+1），\u8fdb\u5165 ESTABLISHED\u3002 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4e09\u6b21？\u00a0\u4e24\u6b21\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u8ba4\u53cc\u65b9\u6536\u53d1\u80fd\u529b（\u5982\u670d\u52a1\u7aef ACK \u4e22\u5931\u65f6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u65e0\u6cd5\u77e5\u6653）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n

      \u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\u539f\u56e0： \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6536\u5230 FIN \u540e，\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u6709\u6570\u636e\u672a\u53d1\u5b8c，\u9700\u5148 ACK \u786e\u8ba4，\u5f85\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u5b8c\u518d\u53d1 FIN，\u6545 ACK \u548c FIN \u5206\u5f00\u53d1\u9001（\u4e24\u6b21\u6325\u624b）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. \u5e94\u7528\u5c42：HTTP\/HTTPS（\u6838\u5fc3\u8003\u70b9）<\/h5>\n
      （1）HTTP 1.1 vs 2.0 vs 3.0（QUIC）<\/h6>\n\n\u7279\u60271.12.0（\u57fa\u4e8e SPDY）3.0（QUIC，\u57fa\u4e8e UDP）<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n\u77ed\u8fde\u63a5（\u9ed8\u8ba4）\/ \u957f\u8fde\u63a5<\/td>\n\u957f\u8fde\u63a5（\u5f3a\u5236）<\/td>\n\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5（\u57fa\u4e8e UDP，0RTT \u5efa\u8fde）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528<\/td>\n\u7ba1\u9053\u5316（\u6709\u961f\u5934\u963b\u585e）<\/td>\n\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5206\u5e27（\u65e0\u963b\u585e）<\/td>\n\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528 + \u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u5934\u90e8\u538b\u7f29<\/td>\n\u65e0（\u660e\u6587）<\/td>\nHPACK \u7b97\u6cd5<\/td>\n\u7c7b\u4f3c 2.0，\u4f46\u57fa\u4e8e UDP \u66f4\u9ad8\u6548<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Android \u652f\u6301<\/td>\n\u5168\u7248\u672c<\/td>\nOkHttp 3.0 + \u652f\u6301<\/td>\nAndroid 10 + \u90e8\u5206\u652f\u6301<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
      （2）HTTPS \u52a0\u5bc6\u539f\u7406（\u9762\u8bd5\u5fc5\u95ee）<\/h6>\n
        \n
      • \u4e24\u6b21\u52a0\u5bc6\u7ed3\u5408：\n
      • \u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6（TLS \u63e1\u624b\u9636\u6bb5）：\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u968f\u673a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u94a5（\u5982 AES）；<\/li>\n
      • \u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6（\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u9636\u6bb5）：\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e（\u6548\u7387\u9ad8）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n
      • \u8bc1\u4e66\u6821\u9a8c\u6d41\u7a0b： \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe（\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66\u2192\u4e2d\u95f4\u8bc1\u4e66\u2192\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bc1\u4e66），\u9632\u6b62\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb（Android \u53ef\u901a\u8fc7SSLSocketFactory\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6821\u9a8c）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        （3）HTTP \u72b6\u6001\u7801（\u5b9e\u6218\u8003\u70b9）<\/h6>\n
          \n
        • 301\/302：\u6c38\u4e45 \/ \u4e34\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411，Android \u4e2d OkHttp \u9ed8\u8ba4\u8ddf\u968f\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411（\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7followRedirects()\u7981\u7528）；<\/li>\n
        • 401\/403：\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25 \/ \u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3，\u9700\u5904\u7406 Token \u5237\u65b0（\u5982 Interceptor \u4e2d\u6355\u83b7\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u767b\u5f55）；<\/li>\n
        • 500 \u7cfb\u5217：\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u9519\u8bef，\u9700\u5b9e\u73b0\u91cd\u8bd5\u673a\u5236（\u7ed3\u5408 Retrofit \u7684RetryCallAdapter）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          3. \u7f51\u7edc\u5c42：IP\/ARP \u534f\u8bae（\u6613\u5ffd\u7565\u4f46\u91cd\u8981）<\/h5>\n
            \n
          • IP \u5730\u5740 vs MAC \u5730\u5740：\n
              \n
            • IP（\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42）：\u903b\u8f91\u5730\u5740，\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u914d（\u5982 DHCP \u83b7\u53d6），\u7528\u4e8e\u8de8\u5b50\u7f51\u5bfb\u5740；<\/li>\n
            • MAC（\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42）：\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740，\u56fa\u5316\u5728\u7f51\u5361，\u7528\u4e8e\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5185\u5bfb\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
            • ARP \u534f\u8bae：\u901a\u8fc7 IP \u5730\u5740\u83b7\u53d6 MAC \u5730\u5740（\u5982 Android \u8bbe\u5907\u8fde\u63a5 Wi-Fi \u65f6，\u7528 ARP \u89e3\u6790\u8def\u7531\u5668 MAC）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u4e09\u3001Android \u7f51\u7edc\u5f00\u53d1\u6df1\u5ea6\u7ed3\u5408（\u9762\u8bd5\u91cd\u70b9）<\/h4>\n

              1. \u7f51\u7edc\u5e93\u5e95\u5c42\u539f\u7406（OkHttp \u4e3a\u4f8b）<\/h5>\n
                \n
              • \u62e6\u622a\u5668\u94fe：RealInterceptorChain\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884cRetryAndFollowUpInterceptor（\u91cd\u8bd5）\u2192BridgeInterceptor（\u5904\u7406 Header\/Cookie）\u2192CacheInterceptor（\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565）\u2192ConnectInterceptor（\u5efa\u7acb TCP \u8fde\u63a5）\u2192 \u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n
              • Connection Pool：\u590d\u7528 TCP \u8fde\u63a5（\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4fdd\u6301 5 \u5206\u949f，\u6700\u591a 5 \u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f2\u8fde\u63a5），\u51cf\u5c11\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                2. \u7f51\u7edc\u4f18\u5316\u5b9e\u6218（\u9762\u8bd5\u9ad8\u9891）<\/h5>\n
                  \n
                • \u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565：\n
                    \n
                  • \u5f3a\u5236\u7f13\u5b58（Cache-Control: max-age）：\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u672c\u5730，\u4e0d\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42；<\/li>\n
                  • \u534f\u5546\u7f13\u5b58（ETag\/Last-Modified）：\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u9a8c\u8bc1，304 \u72b6\u6001\u7801\u8fd4\u56de\u7f13\u5b58；<\/li>\n
                  • OkHttp \u96c6\u6210Cache（\u9700\u914d\u7f6eCacheInterceptor）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                  • \u6d41\u91cf\u538b\u7f29：GZip\/Brotli \u538b\u7f29\u8bf7\u6c42 \/ \u54cd\u5e94\u4f53（OkHttp \u9ed8\u8ba4\u652f\u6301，\u9700\u5728 Header \u52a0Accept-Encoding: gzip）\u3002<\/li>\n
                  • \u907f\u514d\u961f\u5934\u963b\u585e：HTTP 2.0 \u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528（OkHttp \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5f00\u542f），\u6216\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                    3. \u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168（\u5fc5\u95ee）<\/h5>\n
                      \n
                    • SSL Pinning：\u5728 Android \u4e2d\u56fa\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8bc1\u4e66，\u9632\u6b62\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb（\u901a\u8fc7CertificatePinner\u5b9e\u73b0）；<\/li>\n
                    • HTTPS \u53cc\u5411\u8ba4\u8bc1：\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e5f\u9700\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bc1\u4e66（\u5982\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u7f51 API），\u901a\u8fc7KeyStore\u52a0\u8f7d\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                      4. \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406<\/h5>\n
                        \n
                      • \u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u6d4b：ConnectivityManager.getNetworkInfo()\u5224\u65ad Wi-Fi \/ \u79fb\u52a8\u7f51\u7edc，Android 10 + \u63a8\u8350\u7528NetworkCapabilities（\u533a\u5206 5G\/4G）；<\/li>\n
                      • \u540e\u53f0\u7f51\u7edc\u9650\u5236：Android 9 + \u7684Background Execution Limits，\u9700\u7528WorkManager\/JobScheduler\u5904\u7406\u540e\u53f0\u7f51\u7edc\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        \u56db\u3001\u9762\u8bd5\u771f\u9898\u4e0e\u8fdb\u9636\u601d\u8003<\/h4>\n

                        1. \u7ecf\u5178\u95ee\u9898：TCP \u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53ef\u9760\u6027？<\/h5>\n
                          \n
                        • \u7b54：\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7（\u6807\u8bc6\u6570\u636e\u987a\u5e8f）\u3001\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54（ACK \u673a\u5236）\u3001\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u4f20（RTO \u52a8\u6001\u8ba1\u7b97）\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236（\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3）\u3001\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236（\u6162\u542f\u52a8\u2192\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d\u2192\u5feb\u91cd\u4f20\u2192\u5feb\u6062\u590d）\u3002<\/li>\n
                        • Android \u5173\u8054：OkHttp \u7684RetryAndFollowUpInterceptor\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u4f20，\u9700\u6ce8\u610f TCP \u91cd\u4f20\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u91cd\u8bd5\u7684\u533a\u522b（\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u63d0\u4ea4）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                          2. \u96be\u9898：HTTPS \u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5982\u4f55\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66？<\/h5>\n
                            \n
                          • \u7b54：\n
                          • \u68c0\u67e5\u8bc1\u4e66\u6709\u6548\u671f\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u662f\u5426\u5339\u914d；<\/li>\n
                          • \u7528\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66（\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u7f6e\u6216\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49）\u89e3\u5bc6\u8bc1\u4e66\u7b7e\u540d，\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7b7e\u540d\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c；<\/li>\n
                          • \u9012\u5f52\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66\u94fe\u76f4\u5230\u6839\u8bc1\u4e66（Android \u4e2d\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7X509TrustManager\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6821\u9a8c\u903b\u8f91）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                            3. \u5f00\u653e\u9898：\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u7684 Android \u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93？<\/h5>\n
                              \n
                            • \u601d\u8def：\n
                                \n
                              • \u5206\u5c42\u8bbe\u8ba1：\u5e95\u5c42\u7528 OkHttp\/Socket，\u4e2d\u5c42\u5c01\u88c5\u91cd\u8bd5\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u5e8f\u5217\u5316（\u5982 Gson\/Moshi），\u4e0a\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u54cd\u5e94\u5f0f\u63a5\u53e3（\u534f\u7a0b \/ RxJava）；<\/li>\n
                              • \u5bb9\u9519\u673a\u5236：\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u8bd5\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5207\u6362\u91cd\u8bd5（\u5982\u4ece 4G \u5207 Wi-Fi \u65f6\u91cd\u65b0\u8bf7\u6c42）\u3001\u7194\u65ad\u673a\u5236（\u591a\u6b21\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u6682\u65f6\u62d2\u7edd\u8bf7\u6c42）；<\/li>\n
                              • \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316：HTTP 2.0 \u652f\u6301\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u590d\u7528\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u538b\u7f29\u3001\u6309\u9700\u9009\u62e9 TCP\/UDP（\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\u7528 TCP，\u5b9e\u65f6\u65e5\u5fd7\u7528 UDP）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                4.\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u6b21\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u6d41\u7a0b（\u7ed3\u5408 Android）<\/h5>\n
                                  \n
                                • \n

                                  \u6d41\u7a0b\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n

                                • DNS \u89e3\u6790：\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u8fc7 DNS \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u57df\u540d（\u5982www.example.com）\u89e3\u6790\u4e3a IP \u5730\u5740（\u9700\u5904\u7406\u7f13\u5b58\u548c\u8d85\u65f6）\u3002<\/li>\n
                                • TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb：\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u5efa\u7acb\u53ef\u9760\u8fde\u63a5（SYN\u2192SYN+ACK\u2192ACK），Android \u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7Socket\u6216 OkHttp \u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n
                                • \u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93：\n
                                    \n
                                  • \u5e94\u7528\u5c42：\u6784\u9020 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42（\u5982GET \/api\/data HTTP\/1.1），\u901a\u8fc7 OkHttp\/Retrofit \u53d1\u9001\u3002<\/li>\n
                                  • \u4f20\u8f93\u5c42：TCP \u5206\u6bb5\u4f20\u8f93，Android \u4e2d\u9700\u5904\u7406\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u4f20（OkHttp \u9ed8\u8ba4\u8d85\u65f6 10 \u79d2）\u3002<\/li>\n
                                  • \u7f51\u7edc\u5c42：IP \u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9，Android \u901a\u8fc7ConnectivityManager\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b（WiFi \/ \u79fb\u52a8\u7f51\u7edc）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                  • \u54cd\u5e94\u5904\u7406：\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de HTTP \u54cd\u5e94（\u5982200 OK），\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u89e3\u6790 JSON\/XML \u6570\u636e（\u4f7f\u7528 Gson\/Moshi）\u3002<\/li>\n
                                  • \u8fde\u63a5\u5173\u95ed：\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\u65ad\u5f00 TCP \u8fde\u63a5，Android \u4e2d\u9700\u6ce8\u610fSocket\u53ca\u65f6\u5173\u95ed\u907f\u514d\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/li>\n
                                  • \n

                                    \u9762\u8bd5\u9677\u9631：<\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    • \u82e5 DNS \u89e3\u6790\u5931\u8d25，Android \u4f1a\u629b\u51faUnknownHostException，\u9700\u5728try-catch\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n
                                    • TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u590d\u7528（HTTP Keep-Alive）\u53ef\u51cf\u5c11\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u5f00\u9500，OkHttp \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5f00\u542f\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      \u77e5\u8bc6\u6269\u5c55<\/h3>\n

                                      TCP \u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\u673a\u5236（\u9762\u8bd5\u9ad8\u9891\u539f\u7406\u9898）<\/h5>\n
                                        \n
                                      • \u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u4e0e\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54：\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7 seq\/ack \u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u6309\u5e8f\u5230\u8fbe？<\/li>\n
                                      • \u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236：\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u4f20（RTO \u52a8\u6001\u8ba1\u7b97）\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u91cd\u4f20（\u4e09\u6b21\u5197\u4f59 ACK \u89e6\u53d1）\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/li>\n
                                      • \u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3：\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6838\u5fc3，\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574，\u4e0e SACK（\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u786e\u8ba4）\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n
                                      • \u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236：\u6162\u542f\u52a8（cwnd \u6307\u6570\u589e\u957f）\u2192\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d（\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957f）\u2192\u5feb\u6062\u590d（ssthresh \u8c03\u6574）\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6d41\u7a0b，Android \u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93（\u5982 OkHttp）\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                        UDP \u4e0e Android \u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1<\/h4>\n

                                        1.\u00a0UDP \u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h5>\n
                                          \n
                                        • \u4f18\u70b9：\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3001\u9002\u5408\u5b9e\u65f6\u573a\u666f（\u5982\u89c6\u9891\u901a\u8bdd\u3001IM \u6d88\u606f）；<\/li>\n
                                        • \u7f3a\u70b9：\u4e22\u5305\u3001\u65e0\u5e8f\u3001\u65e0\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236，\u9700\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0：\n
                                            \n
                                          • \u5e8f\u5217\u53f7 + ACK \u786e\u8ba4\u673a\u5236（\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7b80\u5316\u7248 TCP）；<\/li>\n
                                          • \u91cd\u4f20\u7b56\u7565（\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u4f20 + \u6700\u5927\u91cd\u4f20\u6b21\u6570\u9650\u5236）；<\/li>\n
                                          • \u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236（\u5982 Google \u7684 CongeSTion Control for UDP）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                          • Android \u4e2d\u7684 UDP \u4f7f\u7528：DatagramSocket\u7684\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5904\u7406（\u9700\u5b50\u7ebf\u7a0b），\u5206\u7247\u95ee\u9898（MTU \u901a\u5e38 1500 \u5b57\u8282，\u8d85\u8fc7\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u5206\u7247\u91cd\u7ec4）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                                            2.\u00a0UDP vs TCP \u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h5>\n
                                              \n
                                            • \u5fc5\u95ee\u9762\u8bd5\u9898：\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 DNS \u7528 UDP？\u201d（\u54cd\u5e94\u5feb，\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5076\u5c14\u4e22\u5305，\u53ef\u91cd\u8bd5）；\u201c\u5fae\u4fe1\u89c6\u9891\u901a\u8bdd\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u534f\u8bae？\u201d（UDP \u4e3a\u4e3b，\u7ed3\u5408 NAT \u7a7f\u900f\u4e0e FEC \u524d\u5411\u7ea0\u9519）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                              \u9762\u8bd5\u95ee\u9898：<\/h4>\n

                                              TCP \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u53ef\u9760\u7684？UDP \u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93？<\/p>\n

                                              \u7b54：TCP \u901a\u8fc7\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u3001\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54\u3001\u91cd\u4f20\u3001\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u3001\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u9760；UDP \u9700\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u6dfb\u52a0 ACK \u673a\u5236\u3001\u91cd\u4f20\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236（\u5982 GTP-U \u534f\u8bae\u5728 5G \u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528）\u3002<\/p>\n

                                              HTTPS \u6bd4 HTTP \u6162\u7684\u539f\u56e0？\u5982\u4f55\u4f18\u5316？<\/p>\n

                                              \u7b54：\u6162\u5728 TLS \u63e1\u624b（1-RTT \u6216 2-RTT）\u3001\u52a0\u5bc6\u8ba1\u7b97；\u4f18\u5316\u624b\u6bb5：\u542f\u7528 HTTP3.0（0-RTT）\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u91cd\u7528（Session ID\/Session Ticket）\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u8bc1\u4e66（OCSP Stapling）\u3002<\/p>\n

                                              \u6838\u5fc3\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u8111\u56fe<\/h4>\n

                                              \u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u534f\u8bae
                                              \n\u251c\u2500 \u5206\u5c42\u6a21\u578b（OSI\/TCP\/IP）
                                              \n\u2502 \u251c\u2500 \u5404\u5c42\u804c\u8d23\u4e0eAndroid\u5bf9\u5e94\u573a\u666f
                                              \n\u2502 \u2514\u2500 \u5206\u5c42\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f18\u52bf（\u89e3\u8026\/\u6807\u51c6\u5316）
                                              \n\u251c\u2500 \u6838\u5fc3\u534f\u8bae
                                              \n\u2502 \u251c\u2500 \u4f20\u8f93\u5c42（TCP\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\/\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b，UDP\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f）
                                              \n\u2502 \u251c\u2500 \u5e94\u7528\u5c42（HTTP\/HTTPS\u539f\u7406，\u7248\u672c\u533a\u522b，\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u5904\u7406）
                                              \n\u2502 \u2514\u2500 \u7f51\u7edc\u5c42（IP\/ARP，MAC\u4e0eIP\u533a\u522b）
                                              \n\u251c\u2500 Android\u5b9e\u6218
                                              \n\u2502 \u251c\u2500 \u7f51\u7edc\u5e93\u539f\u7406（OkHttp\u62e6\u622a\u5668\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60）
                                              \n\u2502 \u251c\u2500 \u4f18\u5316（\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u3001\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528）
                                              \n\u2502 \u2514\u2500 \u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u9002\u914d（\u8bc1\u4e66\u6821\u9a8c\u3001\u540e\u53f0\u9650\u5236）
                                              \n\u2514\u2500 \u9762\u8bd5\u9ad8\u9891\u9898
                                              \n \u251c\u2500 TCP\u53ef\u9760\u6027\/UDP\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9
                                              \n \u251c\u2500 HTTPS\u52a0\u5bc6\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e0e\u8bc1\u4e66\u6821\u9a8c
                                              \n \u2514\u2500 \u7f51\u7edc\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6848\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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