{"id":38041,"date":"2025-05-19T14:13:42","date_gmt":"2025-05-19T06:13:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38041.html"},"modified":"2025-05-19T14:13:42","modified_gmt":"2025-05-19T06:13:42","slug":"linux-udp-tcp%e5%8d%8f%e8%ae%ae%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/38041.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u2014\u2014UDP\/TCP\u534f\u8bae\u7406\u8bba"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>1. UDP\u534f\u8bae<\/h2>\n<h3>1.1 UDP\u534f\u8bae\u683c\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250519061339-682acc130fe23.png\" width=\"800\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u7684UDP\u534f\u8bae\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"145\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250519061339-682acc132ec5d.png\" width=\"252\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6ce81&#xff1a;UDP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u62a5\u5934\u5927\u5c0f\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u7684&#xff0c;\u4e3a8\u5b57\u8282<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce82&#xff1a;\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u62a5\u5934\u4e2d&#xff0c;UDP\u957f\u5ea6\u5c06UDP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u62a5\u5934\u548c\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u5206\u79bb&#xff0c;\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u5c06\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f85\u4e0a\u5c42\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce83&#xff1a;UDP\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528sendto\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5185\u6838&#xff0c;\u7531\u5185\u6838\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u7ed9\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u4f20\u8f93\u52a8\u4f5c<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce84&#xff1a;UDP\u5177\u6709\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a&#xff0c;\u8be5\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6536\u5230UDP\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u53d1\u9001UDP\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6ee1\u4e86&#xff0c;\u518d\u5230\u8fbe\u7684UDP\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba4\u77e5&#xff1a;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u63a5\u6536\u5404\u79cd\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u62a5\u6587&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64os\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u62a5\u6587\u505a\u7ba1\u7406&#xff0c;\u800c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53(\u7c7b)&#xff0c;\u8be5\u7c7b\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u62a5\u5934\u548c\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u5c5e\u6027\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7edf\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"946\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250519061339-682acc133af06.png\" width=\"600\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6ce81&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2astruct sk_buff\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u8bb0\u5f55\u62a5\u6587\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u548c\u5148\u524d\u5b66\u4e60 struct file_struct \u4e5f\u4f1a\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u5e94file\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce82&#xff1a;\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u90fd\u662f\u62a5\u5934&#043;\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>head\u548cend\u6807\u5fd7\u6574\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u548c\u7ed3\u675f&#xff0c;\u5047\u8bbe\u6570\u636e\u4ece\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u4e00\u76f4\u9012\u4ea4\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42&#xff0c;\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6data\u6307\u5411\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u5f00\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u5904&#xff0c;tail\u6307\u5411\u5c3e\u90e8&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u52a0\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u62a5\u5934\u65f6&#xff0c;data\u5f80\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>2. TCP\u534f\u8bae<\/h2>\n<h3>2.1 TCP\u534f\u8bae\u683c\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250519061339-682acc1374b4d.png\" width=\"800\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>2.2\u00a0\u5e8f\u53f7\u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u53f7<\/h3>\n<p>\u8ba4\u77e5&#xff1a;TCP\u534f\u8bae\u662f<span style=\"color:#4da8ee\">\u9762\u5411\u5b57\u8282\u6d41<\/span>\u7684\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u5e8f\u53f7\u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u53f7\u662f\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d<span style=\"color:#4da8ee\">\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u4e2d\u7684\u7f16\u53f7<\/span>&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u62bd\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u7f16\u53f7\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0b\u6807&#xff0c;\u5373\u5e8f\u53f7\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86<span style=\"color:#4da8ee\">\u62a5\u6587\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0e\u7ed3\u675f<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:null\">\u6ce8&#xff1a;<\/span><span style=\"color:#fe2c24\">SYN\u548cFIN\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u5e8f\u53f7&#xff0c;\u5176\u4ed6\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u5e8f\u53f7<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>2.3\u00a0 \u56db\u4f4d\u9996\u90e8\u957f\u5ea6<\/h3>\n<p>\u8ba4\u77e5&#xff1a;\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55TCP\u62a5\u5934\u957f\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u662f4\u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;TCP\u534f\u8bae\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u62a5\u5934\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a20~60\u5b57\u8282&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u56db\u4f4d\u62a5\u5934\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u6570\u503c\u5e94\u4e3a[5,15]\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2.4\u00a0 \u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f<\/h3>\n<p>\u73b0\u8c61&#xff1a;TCP\u534f\u8bae&#xff0c;\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\u5b58\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u9645\u901a\u4fe1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53d1\u8d77\u901a\u4fe1\u8bf7\u6c42&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5360\u6ee1\u3002\u5360\u6ee1\u4e4b\u540e&#xff0c;\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03&#xff0c;\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\u548c\u4f4e\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba4\u77e5&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236&#xff0c;\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u544a\u8bc9\u5bf9\u65b9&#xff0c;\u6211\u7684<span style=\"color:#4da8ee\">\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5269\u4f59\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f<\/span>&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\u548c\u4f4e\u6548\u3002\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2.5 6\/8\u4f4d\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d<\/h3>\n<p>\u95ee&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48TCP\u62a5\u5934\u4e2d\u8981\u6709\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54&#xff1a;\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684TCP\u62a5\u6587&#xff0c;\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u8981\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u505a\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u6709\u6807\u5fd7\u62a5\u6587\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8&#xff1a;\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u4f4d\u6bb5&#xff0c;\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u5c31\u54ea\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e00&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u7f6e\u96f6<\/p>\n<h4>2.5.1 SYN\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d<\/h4>\n<p>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;\u540c\u6b65\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5&#xff0c;\u5728\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d<\/p>\n<h4>2.5.2 ACK\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d<\/h4>\n<p>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;\u8868\u660e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7b54\u62a5\u6587<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8&#xff1a;\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;ACK\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u5e38\u7f6e\u4e3a1&#xff0c;\u53ea\u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u65f6\u4e3a0&#xff0c;\u540e\u7eed\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>2.5.3 FIN\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d<\/h4>\n<p>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;\u8868\u660e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u62a5\u6587<\/p>\n<h4>2.5.4 PSH\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d<\/h4>\n<p>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;\u50ac\u4fc3\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5c3d\u5feb\u5c06\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5185\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e0a\u5c42<\/p>\n<h4>2.5.5 RST\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d<\/h4>\n<p>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;\u8fde\u63a5\u91cd\u7f6e\u62a5\u6587&#xff0c;\u53cc\u65b9\u8fde\u63a5\u51fa\u73b0\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u65f6&#xff0c;\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u7f6e<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>3. TCP\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b<span style=\"color:#fe2c24\">\u2606\u2606\u2606<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3>3.1 \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63e1\u624b<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250519061339-682acc13a47ad.png\" width=\"500\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u91ca&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#4da8ee\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0SYN &#061; 1&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>SYS\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u7f6e1&#xff0c;SYN\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64&#xff0c;\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53d1\u8d77\u63e1\u624b\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6&#xff0c;\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d\u7684SYN\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7f6e1<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#4da8ee\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0Seq&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefOS\u968f\u673a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#4da8ee\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0ACK &#061; 0&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u5e94\u7b54&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5ACK\u7f6e0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u7ec6\u82821&#xff1a;\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u9645\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u662f\u62a5\u6587&#xff01;<\/p>\n<p>\u7ec6\u82822&#xff1a;\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u65f6&#xff0c;\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d\u53ea<span style=\"color:#956fe7\">\u5305\u542b\u62a5\u5934\u6570\u636e<\/span>&#xff0c;<span style=\"color:#956fe7\">\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>3.2 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63e1\u624b<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250519061339-682acc13d287f.png\" width=\"500\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u6765\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u65f6&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5c06SYN\u7f6e1&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u5e8f\u53f7y&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u53f7\u7f6e\u4e3a&#xff1a;Ack &#061; x &#043; 1&#xff0c;\u544a\u77e5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef&#xff0c;\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u4ecex &#043; 1\u5e8f\u53f7\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u7ec6\u8282&#xff1a;\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u65f6&#xff0c;\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d\u4f9d\u7136\u53ea\u6709\u62a5\u5934&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377<\/p>\n<h3>3.3 \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250519061340-682acc140db04.png\" width=\"500\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u6765\u7684\u5e94\u7b54&#xff0c;\u8868\u660ex&#043;1\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u6b64\u65f6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u5e94\u7b54 Ack &#061; y &#043; 1&#xff0c;\u544a\u77e5\u670d\u52a1\u7aef&#xff0c;\u4e0b\u6b21\u4ecey&#043;1\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u518d\u6b21\u6536\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u5e94\u7b54\u65f6&#xff0c;\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#fe2c24\">\u2606\u2606\u2606<\/span>\u7ec6\u8282&#xff1a;ACK\u4e0d\u5360\u7528\u5e8f\u53f7&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u53cc\u65b9\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u5b8c\u6bd5&#xff0c;\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5\u540e&#xff0c;\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u9700\u8981\u5c31\u4e3aseq &#061; x &#043; 1&#xff1b;\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u53d1\u9001\u5e26\u6709\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4ece\u8be5\u5e8f\u53f7\u5f00\u59cb&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u6837\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5e8f\u53f7\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u53f7\u80fd\u591f\u4e00\u81f4<\/p>\n<h3>3.4 \u7ec6\u8282\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n<p>\u95ee&#xff1a;\u524d\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u4e86&#xff0c;\u5e8f\u53f7\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u7684&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e14\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7Seq\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54&#xff1a;SYN\u548cFIN\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8ba1\u5165\u5230\u5e8f\u53f7\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u53ea\u53601\u4f4d<\/p>\n<p>\u95ee&#xff1a;\u5e8f\u53f7\u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u53f7\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#4da8ee\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0\u5e8f\u53f7&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5728\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u4e2d\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u544a\u77e5\u5bf9\u65b9\u8fd9\u6b21\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4ece\u8be5\u5e8f\u53f7\u5f00\u59cb\u7684&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u90fd\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u5e8f\u53f7&#xff0c;\u5728\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u9012\u589e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#4da8ee\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u53f7&#xff1a;\u544a\u8bc9\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u671f\u671b\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7&#xff0c;\u5e76\u544a\u77e5\u5bf9\u65b9\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u4f60\u4ece\u5f00\u59cb\u5e8f\u53f7\u5230\u8be5\u5e8f\u53f7\u4e3a\u6b62\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3e\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>1.\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b(\u5047\u8bbe\u63e1\u624b\u6210\u529f)&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#4da8ee\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u5e8f\u53f7Seq\u00a0&#061; 100&#xff0c;\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u548cSYN\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5e8f\u53f7\u7684\u8303\u56f4&#xff0c;\u53731<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#4da8ee\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u6765\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7 Seq &#061; 100&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u7aefOS\u89e3\u6790TCP\u62a5\u6587\u957f\u5ea6&#xff0c;\u5f97\u77e5\u5e8f\u53f7\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a100~101&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5Ack &#061; Seq &#043; 1 &#061; 101&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u968f\u673a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u53f7Seq &#061; 200&#xff0c;\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#4da8ee\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u5e94\u7b54&#xff0c;\u8868\u660e\u4ece100~101\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5df2\u7ecf\u5168\u90e8\u63a5\u6536\u5b8c\u6bd5&#xff0c;\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefOS\u4f1a\u89e3\u6790\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u6765\u7684\u62a5\u6587&#xff0c;\u5f97\u77e5\u5e8f\u53f7\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a200~201&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u5e94\u7b54 Ack &#061; Seq &#043; 1 &#061; 201&#xff0c;\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>2.\u63e1\u624b\u6210\u529f\u540e\u6b63\u5e38\u901a\u4fe1&#xff08;\u5047\u8bbe\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u5168\u4e3a0&#xff0c;\u53cc\u65b9\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a50\u5b57\u8282&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#4da8ee\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u5e8f\u53f7Seq &#061; 100<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#4da8ee\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u6765\u7684\u62a5\u6587&#xff0c;\u544a\u77e5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0b\u6b21\u4ece150\u5e8f\u53f7\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u56de\u590dAck &#061; 150&#xff0c;\u5e76\u968f\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7 1000<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color:#4da8ee\">\u2022<\/span>\u00a0\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u5e94\u7b54&#xff0c;\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ece150\u5e8f\u53f7\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u9001&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u544a\u77e5\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4e0b\u6b21\u6570\u636e\u4ece1050\u5e8f\u53f7\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u9001\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u95ee&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u524d\u4e24\u6b21\u9700\u8981\u6709SYN\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54&#xff1a;SYN\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d&#xff0c;TCP\u901a\u4fe1\u662f\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u53cc\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u901a<\/p>\n<p>\u95ee&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54&#xff1a;1.\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7f51\u7edc\u7545\u901a&#xff1b;2.\u4ee5\u6700\u5c0f\u6210\u672c100%\u786e\u8ba4\u53cc\u65b9\u901a\u4fe1\u610f\u613f<\/p>\n<p>\u95ee&#xff1a;\u5047\u8bbe\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u65f6&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u56de\u5e94&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54&#xff1a;\u90a3\u4e48\u63e1\u624b\u5c31\u5931\u8d25\u4e86&#xff0c;\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u89c9\u5f97&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8981\u628aACK\u53d1\u51fa&#xff0c;\u4ed6\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u5b8c\u6210&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u662f&#xff1a;\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u56de\u5e94&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5efa\u7acb\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u5373\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u800c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u65f6\u82e5\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u62a5\u6587\u65f6&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c31\u4f1a\u8bc6\u522b\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4f1a\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26RST\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u7684\u62a5\u6587&#xff0c;\u8981\u6c42\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ec6\u82821&#xff1a;connect\u53d1\u8d77\u63e1\u624b\u8bf7\u6c42&#xff0c;\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7531 client OS \u548c client OS \u5b8c\u6210&#xff0c;accpet\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p>\u7ec6\u82822&#xff1a;\u4e22\u5305\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u5f53\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u6536\u4e0d\u5230\u5e94\u7b54 &amp;&amp; \u63a5\u6536Ack\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6<\/p>\n<p>\u95ee&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u591a\u957f&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54&#xff1a;\u6839\u636e\u7f51\u7edc\u60c5\u51b5\u5b9a\u957f\u77ed&#xff0c;\u4ee5500ms\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6&#xff0c;\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4f20\u4ee5500*2\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6 &#xff0c;\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u4f20\u4ee5500*4\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c500*4\u6210\u529f\u4e86&#xff0c;\u4e0b\u6b21\u5c31\u4ee5500*4\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6<\/p>\n<p>\u7ec6\u82823&#xff1a;TCP\u5728\u63e1\u624b\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5411\u5bf9\u65b9\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662fSYN\u3001ACK\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u6574\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u6e29\u5185\u90e8\u6709\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u53cc\u65b9\u5c31\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u4fbf\u63a7\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>4. TCP\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u7684\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b<span style=\"color:#fe2c24\">\u2606\u2606\u2606<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3>4.1 \u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b(\u5047\u8bbe\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e3b\u52a8\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5)<\/h3>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6325\u624b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8c03\u7528close(fd); \u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57&#xff0c;\u53d1\u9001\u5e26\u6709FIN\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u7684\u62a5\u6587&#xff0c;\u8868\u793a\u8981\u5173\u95ed\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef&#xff0c;\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fdb\u5165FIN_WAIT_1\u72b6\u6001&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6325\u624b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u6765\u7684FIN\u62a5\u6587&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de\u5e26\u6709ACK\u7684\u62a5\u6587&#xff0c;\u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u77e5\u9053\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8981\u5173\u95ed\u4e86&#xff0c;\u6b64\u65f6\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8fdb\u5165CLOSED_WAIT\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u6325\u624b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u5269\u4f59\u6570\u636e\u540e&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u9001\u5e26\u6709FIN\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u7684\u62a5\u6587&#xff0c;\u8868\u793a\u8981\u5173\u95ed\u670d\u52a1\u7aef&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u8fdb\u5165LAST_ACK\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684FIN\u540e&#xff0c;\u53d1\u9001ACK\u8868\u793a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u77e5\u9053\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5173\u95ed\u4e86&#xff0c;\u6b64\u65f6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fdb\u5165TIME_WAIT\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u5927\u7ea6\u4e24\u4e2aMSL\u65f6\u95f4\u540e&#xff0c;\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b8c\u5168\u5173\u95ed\u8fdb\u5165CLOSED\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<p>\u7ec6\u8282&#xff1a;\u4e0a\u8ff0\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e3b\u52a8\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4e3b\u52a8\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e92\u6362\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.2 \u7ec6\u8282\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n<p>\u95ee&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5173\u95ed\/\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4e0d\u5173\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54&#xff1a;\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8eclose_wait\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u4f9d\u65e7\u5360\u7528fd&#xff0c;\u8fde\u63a5\u6ca1\u6709\u91ca\u653e \u2192 \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6cc4\u6f0f\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8&#xff1a;\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5173\u95ed\u65f6&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528close(),\u5173\u95ed\u5bf9\u5e94\u5957\u63a5\u5b57&#xff0c;\u5373\u53d1\u8d77\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u6325\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u95ee&#xff1a;MSL\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54&#xff1a;MSL&#xff1a;TCP\u534f\u8bae\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u4e92\u53d1\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u62a5\u6587\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5b58\u6d3b\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u5927\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u95ee&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u4e24\u500d\u7684MSL&#xff1f;\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u524d&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u505a\u4e00\u4e0b\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u8c61&#xff1a;\u5f53\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u65f6&#xff0c;\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5224\u65ad\u8d85\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e22\u5931&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u8fd8\u5728\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u961f\u5217\u5f53\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5373\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u5982\u679c\u65ad\u5f00\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7acb\u9a6c\u91cd\u542f&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u63a5\u6536&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u6b64\u53d1\u8d77\u65ad\u5f00\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u65b9\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u53d1\u9001ACK\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u5904\u4e8eTIME_WAIT\u72b6\u6001\u540c\u65f6\u7b49\u5f85\u4e24\u500d\u7684MSL\u65f6\u95f4&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u6b8b\u5b58\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u6d88\u6563&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u5f15\u8d77\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u5efa\u7acb\u901a\u4fe1\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u51fa\u9519\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce81&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e3b\u52a8\u65ad\u5f00\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u65b9\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u65e0\u6cd5\u7acb\u523b\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5904\u4e8eTIME_WAIT\u7684\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u5f97\u6362\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u624d\u80fd\u91cd\u542f\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u914d\u5f97\u4e0a(\u6e90ip port \u76ee\u7684 ip port)&#xff0c;\u53cc\u65b9os\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u7504\u522b\u51fa\u6765\u8fd9\u662f\u9648\u65e7\u62a5\u6587<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce82&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u8ba9\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53c8\u8981\u5904\u4e8eTIME_WAIT\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u53c8\u8981\u7acb\u5373\u91cd\u542f&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5957\u63a5\u5b57&#xff1a; <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250519061340-682acc143bc63.png\" width=\"830\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>5. \u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3<\/h2>\n<p>\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;\u7528\u4e8e\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236&#xff0c;\u662f\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6848<\/p>\n<p>\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u5927\u5c0f&#xff1a;\u65e0\u9700\u7b49\u5f85\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c<\/p>\n<p>\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u662f\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff1a;\u7a97\u53e3\u5de6\u8fb9\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u6bd5\u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u88ab\u6e05\u7a7a&#xff1b;\u7a97\u53e3\u5185\u90e8\u662f\u5f85\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff1b;\u7a97\u53e3\u53f3\u8fb9\u662f\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" height=\"305\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250519061340-682acc144bd06.png\" width=\"448\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u95ee&#xff1a;\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6709\u8c01\u51b3\u5b9a&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54&#xff1a;\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u7531\u5bf9\u65b9\u63a5\u6536\u80fd\u529b\u51b3\u5b9a&#xff0c;\u7b80\u5355\u70b9\u7684\u8bdd&#xff0c;\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u7684start &#061; \u62a5\u6587\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u53f7<\/p>\n<p>\u95ee&#xff1a;\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u5de6\u6ed1\u52a8\u5417&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5<\/p>\n<p>\u95ee&#xff1a;\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u5c0f\u3001\u53d8\u5927\u3001\u4e0d\u53d8\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u96f6\u5417&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54&#xff1a;\u53ef\u4ee5<\/p>\n<p>\u95ee&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u7aef\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u6ee1\u4e86\u5462&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54&#xff1a;\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a0&#xff0c;<\/p>\n<p>1. \u53d1\u9001\u7aef\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u7a97\u53e3\u63a2\u6d4b(\u53d1\u9001\u53ea\u5e26\u62a5\u5934\u7684\u62a5\u6587)\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2. \u5bf9\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5411\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u62a5\u6587(\u62a5\u5934)<\/p>\n<p>\u95ee&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u5185\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u4e86\u600e\u4e48\u529e&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e22\u5931\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd&#xff1a;\u5de6\u4fa7\u3001\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u53f3\u4fa7\u4e22\u5931&#xff0c;\u540e\u4e24\u79cd\u4e22\u5931\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u4e3a\u5de6\u4fa7\u4e22\u5931&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u5bf9\u5de6\u4fa7\u4e22\u5931\u505a\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54&#xff1a;\u5047\u8bbe\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7\u4e3a1001~2000\u30012001~3000\u30013001~4000\u30014001~5000\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2460.\u00a0\u5982\u679c\u73b0\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u65f6&#xff0c;1001~2000\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u4e86&#xff0c;\u800c2000\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u6b63\u5e38\u63a5\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e00\u70b9&#xff1a;\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53d1\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5e8f\u53f7\u5fc5\u987b\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u53f7\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u53f7\u4e3a1001&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53d1\u8fc7\u6765\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5e8f\u53f7\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a1001&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c1001~2000\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u4e86&#xff0c;\u540e\u7eed\u6240\u6709\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u6536\u5230\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u53f7\u90fd\u4e3a1001&#xff0c;\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7684\u5e94\u7b54\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5c31\u8fd8\u662f\u4ece1001\u5e8f\u53f7\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u9001\u62a5\u6587&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u53f7&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u5feb\u91cd\u4f20&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u662f\u6162\u91cd\u4f20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u6765\u590d\u4e60\u4e00\u4e0b\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u53f7\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1a;\u5047\u8bbe\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u53f7\u4e3ax&#xff0c;\u544a\u77e5\u5bf9\u65b9&#xff0c;\u524dx\u4e2a\u5e8f\u53f7\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u63a5\u6536&#xff0c;\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u4ecex&#043;1\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u60c5\u51b5&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c1001~2000\u7684\u6570\u636e\u63a5\u6536\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u53f7\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u7f6e\u4e3aseq &#061; 2000&#043;1 &#061; 2001&#xff0c;\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e94\u7b54\u4f20\u7ed9\u53d1\u9001\u65b9&#xff0c;\u544a\u77e5\u524d2001\u4e2a\u5e8f\u53f7\u63a5\u6536\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u4ece2001\u5e8f\u53f7\u5f00\u59cb&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u63a5\u6536\u5931\u8d25&#xff0c;\u540e\u7eed\u6536\u5230\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5e8f\u53f7\u548c\u5f53\u524d\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u53f7\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u4f1a\u4ee51001\u4f5c\u4e3a\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u53f7\u6765\u5e94\u7b54\u3002<span style=\"color:#fe2c24\">\u6b64\u65f6\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0&#xff01;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u2461. \u5982\u679c1001~2000\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5e94\u7b54\u4e22\u5931&#xff0c;\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u6536\u5230\u4e863001\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u5e8f\u53f7&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e3001\u5e8f\u53f7\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u6536\u5b8c\u6bd5&#xff0c;\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u65b0\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e86&#xff0c;\u66f4\u65b0\u52303001\u5e8f\u53f7\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>6. \u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236<\/h2>\n<h3>6.1 \u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n<p>\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3(cwnd):\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u53d1\u9001\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u5927\u5c0f<\/p>\n<p>\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f &#061; 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src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250519061340-682acc14601e9.png\" width=\"1929\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1.\u00a0\u6162\u542f\u52a8\u9636\u6bb5<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u6307\u6570\u589e\u957f&#xff0c;\u5f00\u59cb\u589e\u957f\u6162&#xff0c;\u63a2\u6d4b\u7f51\u7edc\u60c5\u51b5&#xff0c;\u540e\u7eed\u589e\u957f\u5feb&#xff0c;\u5c3d\u5feb\u5360\u7528\u5e26\u5bbd<\/p>\n<p>2.\u00a0\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d\u9636\u6bb5<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u5f53\u62e5\u585e\u7a97\u53e3\u8d85\u8fc7\u6162\u589e\u957f\u9608\u503c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5f00\u59cb\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u957f&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u5feb\u589e\u957f\u5bfc\u81f4\u51fa\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e<\/p>\n<p>3. \u5c0f\u9762\u79ef\u4e22\u5305\u89e6\u53d1\u5feb\/\u6162\u91cd\u4f20<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 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