![\"menu-r.4af5f7ec.gif\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250519012558-682a88a6980f3.gif\")
<\/p>\n \u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 <\/p>\n
\u7b80\u4ecb：\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u662f\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u672c\u7bc7\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u57fa\u4e8eTCP\u534f\u8bae\u7684C++\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0，\u5305\u62ec\u521b\u5efaSocket\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6eSocket\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u7ed1\u5b9aIP\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u4f9b\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5206\u6790，\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4f7f\u7528 boost.asio \u5e93\u7b80\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u53ca\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u6548\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002 ![\"C++](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250519012558-682a88a6c394c.png\")
<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e4b\u524d，\u9996\u5148\u8981\u4e86\u89e3TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u3002TCP（\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae）\u662f\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u534f\u8bae\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93，\u540c\u65f6\u7ef4\u62a4\u4f1a\u8bdd\u72b6\u6001，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u6709\u5e8f\u4e14\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5730\u8fbe\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c，\u8d1f\u8d23\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5，\u5e76\u8f6c\u53d1\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5141\u8bb8\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1，\u4f8b\u5982\u7f51\u9875\u6d4f\u89c8\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n
TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a：\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u56db\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002 <\/p>\n
TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u6709\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93，\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ad8\u6548\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6df1\u5165，\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u63a2\u8ba8\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u6280\u672f，\u5982\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u6a21\u578b，\u4ee5\u53ca boost.asio \u7b49\u5e93\u7684\u4f7f\u7528，\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u5927\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u9010\u7ae0\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u5305\u62ecSocket\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u7ed1\u5b9aIP\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3C++\u5e93\u7b80\u5316\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002 <\/p>\n
Socket（\u5957\u63a5\u5b57）\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u5efa\u5757，\u5141\u8bb8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea4\u6362\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u53cc\u5411\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u672c\u9700\u8981\u590d\u6742\u5e95\u5c42\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u652f\u6301\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u53d8\u5f97\u7b80\u5355\u5316\u3002 <\/p>\n
Socket\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u901a\u8fc7\u64cd\u4f5cSocket\u63a5\u53e3，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536，\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd8\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e24\u7aef\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002 <\/p>\n
Socket\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b，\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6709\u4e09\u79cd：\u6d41\u5f0fSocket（SOCK_STREAM）\u3001\u6570\u636e\u62a5Socket（SOCK_DGRAM）\u548c\u539f\u59cbSocket（SOCK_RAW）\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684Socket\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u6d41\u5f0fSocket（SOCK_STREAM）\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7c7b\u578b，\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8eTCP\u534f\u8bae\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3001\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u6d41\u5f0fSocket\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5e94\u7528，\u5982HTTP\u548cFTP\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u62a5Socket（SOCK_DGRAM）\u57fa\u4e8eUDP\u534f\u8bae，\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u670d\u52a1，\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760，\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u6216\u4e71\u5e8f\u5230\u8fbe，\u4f46\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5e94\u7528，\u5982VoIP\u548c\u5728\u7ebf\u6e38\u620f\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u539f\u59cbSocket（SOCK_RAW）\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u8f83\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae，\u5982IP\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u63a7\u5236，\u5141\u8bb8\u53d1\u9001\u6216\u63a5\u6536\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5305，\u591a\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efaSocket\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u8c03\u7528 socket() \u51fd\u6570，\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728 sys\/socket.h \u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5728C\u6216C++\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5305\u542b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u521b\u5efaSocket\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n
#include <sys\/socket.h>
\n#include <netinet\/in.h>
\n#include <arpa\/inet.h>
\n#include <unistd.h>
\n#include <iostream><\/p>\n
int main() {
\n int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
\n if (sockfd == -1) {
\n std::cerr << "Socket creation failed!" << std::endl;
\n return -1;
\n }
\n \/\/ \u7ee7\u7eed\u540e\u7eed\u7684Socket\u64cd\u4f5c
\n close(sockfd);
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d， socket() \u51fd\u6570\u9700\u8981\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570：\u5730\u5740\u65cf（ domain ）\u3001Socket\u7c7b\u578b（ type ）\u548c\u534f\u8bae（ protocol ）\u3002\u5730\u5740\u65cf\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528 AF_INET ，\u5b83\u8868\u793aIPv4\u5730\u5740\u3002Socket\u7c7b\u578b\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9 SOCK_STREAM \u6216 SOCK_DGRAM \u3002\u534f\u8bae\u53c2\u6570\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a0，\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u9ed8\u8ba4\u534f\u8bae\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efaSocket\u540e，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6309\u7167\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Socket\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5：\u975e\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u91cd\u7528\u5730\u5740\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6eSocket\u4e3a\u975e\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u64cd\u4f5c\u56e0\u7b49\u5f85\u7f51\u7edc\u6761\u4ef6\u6ee1\u8db3（\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5230\u8fbe）\u800c\u6302\u8d77\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u7f6eSocket\u4e3a\u975e\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n
#include <fcntl.h>
\n#include <unistd.h><\/p>\n
\/\/ …
\nint sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
\nif (sockfd == -1) {
\n std::cerr << "Socket creation failed!" << std::endl;
\n return -1;
\n}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6eSocket\u4e3a\u975e\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f
\nint flags = fcntl(sockfd, F_GETFL, 0);
\nif (fcntl(sockfd, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK) == -1) {
\n std::cerr << "Failed to set non-blocking mode!" << std::endl;
\n close(sockfd);
\n return -1;
\n}
\n\/\/ \u7ee7\u7eed\u540e\u7eed\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7 fcntl() \u51fd\u6570，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524dSocket\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539，\u6dfb\u52a0 O_NONBLOCK \u6807\u5fd7\u5b9e\u73b0\u975e\u963b\u585e\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u201c\u5730\u5740\u5df2\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u201d\u7684\u9519\u8bef，\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5c06\u5904\u4e8eTIME_WAIT\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4，\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u5305\u90fd\u88ab\u5904\u7406\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u91cd\u7528\u5730\u5740，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed5\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b49\u5f85\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u7acb\u5373\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002 <\/p>\n
int yes = 1;
\nif (setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof(yes)) == -1) {
\n std::cerr << "Failed to set reuse address option!" << std::endl;
\n close(sockfd);
\n return -1;
\n}
\n\/\/ \u7ee7\u7eed\u540e\u7eed\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4f7f\u7528 setsockopt() \u51fd\u6570\u4e3aSocket\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 SO_REUSEADDR \u9009\u9879，\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u7528\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u89e3Socket\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbe\u7f6e，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b，\u63a7\u5236\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n
IP\u5730\u5740\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bc6\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5730\u5740，\u5b83\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6709\u4e86IP\u5730\u5740，\u6570\u636e\u5305\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a，\u5c31\u50cf\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u95e8\u724c\u53f7\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u534f\u8bae\u7b2c\u56db\u7248（IPv4）\u4e2d，\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u753132\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u7ec4\u6210，\u5e76\u901a\u5e38\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u7ec4\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u8868\u793a，\u4f8b\u5982 192.168.1.1 \u3002 <\/p>\n
IP\u5730\u5740\u6309\u7167\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7c7b： <\/p>\n
\u6b64\u5916，\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55，\u8fd8\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u79c1\u6709IP\u5730\u5740，\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fdd\u7559\u7ed9\u672a\u6765\u6269\u5c55\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u5740\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 10.x.x.x \u3001 172.16.x.x \u81f3 172.31.x.x \u548c 192.168.x.x \u90fd\u662f\u79c1\u6709IP\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u7aef\u53e3（Port）\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u65f6\u7684\u201c\u95e8\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u76d1\u542c，\u5f53\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u8fbe\u4e3b\u673a\u65f6，\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u5206\u53d1\u7ed9\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a16\u4f4d\u7684\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u6574\u6570，\u5176\u503c\u4ece0\u523065535\u3002\u5176\u4e2d，\u7aef\u53e30\u52301023\u662f\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u7aef\u53e3，\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7aef\u53e3\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4fdd\u7559\u7aef\u53e3\u201d，\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u4e00\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u7279\u6743\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u670d\u52a1\u6240\u4f7f\u7528，\u6bd4\u5982HTTP\u670d\u52a1\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7aef\u53e380，HTTPS\u670d\u52a1\u4f7f\u7528\u7aef\u53e3443\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u591a\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u65f6，\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u6765\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387，\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Socket\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6， bind() \u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2aSocket\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u7ed1\u5b9a，\u786e\u4fdd\u8be5Socket\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u53d7\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u5728\u591a\u6570TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9636\u6bb5， bind() \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002 <\/p>\n
bind() \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n
#include <sys\/types.h>
\n#include <sys\/socket.h>
\n#include <netinet\/in.h>
\n#include <arpa\/inet.h><\/p>\n
int bind(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6，\u9700\u8981\u5bf9 sockaddr \u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362，\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u65cf，\u901a\u5e38\u662f struct sockaddr_in \u5bf9\u4e8eIPv4\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 bind() \u51fd\u6570\u65f6，\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u591a\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u60c5\u51b5，\u6bd4\u5982\u5730\u5740\u5df2\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u3001\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u7b49\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027，\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u3002\u5728Linux\u73af\u5883\u4e0b， bind() \u51fd\u6570\u5931\u8d25\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf errno ，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u539f\u56e0\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 errno \u503c\u53ca\u5176\u542b\u4e49\u5305\u62ec： <\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 perror() \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f： <\/p>\n
#include <errno.h>
\n#include <stdio.h><\/p>\n
\/\/ …<\/p>\n
if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) {
\n perror("bind failed");
\n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
\n}<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f，\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u9519\u8bef\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u7b80\u77ed\u63cf\u8ff0，\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u60c5\u51b5\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u63aa\u65bd，\u6bd4\u5982\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3，\u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u80fd\u591f\u7ed1\u5b9aIP\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e4b\u524d，\u9996\u5148\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aSocket，\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u521b\u5efaIPv4 TCP Socket\u7684\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n
#include <sys\/types.h>
\n#include <sys\/socket.h>
\n#include <netinet\/in.h>
\n#include <arpa\/inet.h>
\n#include <unistd.h>
\n#include <stdio.h><\/p>\n
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
\nif (sockfd < 0) {
\n perror("socket creation failed");
\n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
\n}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6eSocket\u9009\u9879，\u4f8b\u5982\u91cd\u7528\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3
\nint yes = 1;
\nif (setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof(yes)) < 0) {
\n perror("setsockopt failed");
\n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aTCP Socket，\u7136\u540e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 SO_REUSEADDR \u9009\u9879，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7acb\u5373\u91cd\u7528\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3，\u8fd9\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a sockaddr_in \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6765\u8868\u793a\u8981\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3，\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528 bind() \u51fd\u6570\u5c06Socket\u4e0e\u4e4b\u7ed1\u5b9a： <\/p>\n
#include <string.h>
\n#include <netinet\/in.h>
\n#include <arpa\/inet.h><\/p>\n
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;<\/p>\n
memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr)); \/\/ \u6e05\u96f6\u5185\u5b58\u5757
\nserver_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528IPv4\u5730\u5740
\nserver_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); \/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6eIPv4\u5730\u5740
\nserver_addr.sin_port = htons(8080); \/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7，\u4f7f\u7528htons\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f<\/p>\n
if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) {
\n perror("bind failed");
\n exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a sockaddr_in \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53，\u7136\u540e\u586b\u5145\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002 inet_addr() \u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u768432\u4f4d\u6574\u6570\u3002 htons() \u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u4ece\u4e3b\u673a\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u3002\u8c03\u7528 bind() \u540e，\u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f，\u6211\u4eec\u7684Socket\u5c31\u4f1a\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e86\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d，\u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528 perror() \u6253\u5370\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u5916，\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u60c5\u51b5\u7f16\u5199\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91： <\/p>\n
#include <errno.h><\/p>\n
\/\/ …<\/p>\n
if (errno == EADDRINUSE) {
\n fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Address already in use\\\\n");
\n} else if (errno == EACCES) {
\n fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Permission denied to bind to port\\\\n");
\n} else {
\n fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Unknown error\\\\n");
\n}<\/p>\n
\u9488\u5bf9 EADDRINUSE \u9519\u8bef，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u91cd\u8bd5\u6216\u589e\u52a0\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91，\u4f8b\u5982\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u6362\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002 EACCES \u9519\u8bef\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650，\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9192\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528 sudo \u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4，\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06Socket\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6784\u5efaTCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65，\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u5efa\u7acbTCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6，\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u51c6\u5907\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u672c\u5c0f\u8282\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 listen() \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u529f\u80fd，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u76d1\u542c\u961f\u5217\u3002 <\/p>\n
listen() \u51fd\u6570\u662fUNIX\u548c\u7c7bUNIX\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528，\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 listen() \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50： <\/p>\n
#include <sys\/socket.h>
\n#include <netinet\/in.h>
\n#include <unistd.h>
\n#include <string.h><\/p>\n
int main() {
\n int sockfd;
\n struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;<\/p>\n
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);<\/p>\n
memset(&serv_addr, 0, sizeof(serv_addr));
\n serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
\n serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
\n serv_addr.sin_port = htons(12345);<\/p>\n
bind(sockfd, (const struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u76d1\u542c\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a100
\n listen(sockfd, 100);<\/p>\n
\/\/ …\u540e\u7eed\u4ee3\u7801，\u8fdb\u884c\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c
\n}<\/p>\n
\u8be5\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u540e，\u4f7f\u7528 listen() \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8ba9\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fdb\u5165\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u53c2\u6570 100 \u8868\u793a\u76d1\u542c\u961f\u5217\u7684\u6700\u5927\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6392\u961f\u7b49\u5f85100\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5982\u679c\u961f\u5217\u6ee1\u4e86，\u65b0\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fde\u63a5\u76f4\u5230\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u6709\u7a7a\u4f4d\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u76d1\u542c\u961f\u5217\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u4e3a\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u800c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u3002\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528 listen() \u51fd\u6570\u540e，\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u5f00\u59cb\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0a\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u653e\u5165\u76d1\u542c\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u3002\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8c03\u7528 accept() \u51fd\u6570\u65f6，\u5c06\u4ece\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u76d1\u542c\u961f\u5217\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e，\u8fd9\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u957f\u5ea6\u8fc7\u5c0f\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u77ac\u65f6\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u8bf7\u6c42，\u800c\u957f\u5ea6\u8fc7\u5927\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u5408\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u76d1\u542c\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u63d0\u5347\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u914d\u7f6e\u76d1\u542c\u961f\u5217\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe，\u5b83\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7801\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b： <\/p>\n
graph LR
\n A[\u5f00\u59cb] –> B[\u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57]
\n B –> C[\u8bbe\u7f6eIP\u548c\u7aef\u53e3]
\n C –> D[\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57]
\n D –> E[\u914d\u7f6e\u76d1\u542c\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6]
\n E –> F[\u8fdb\u5165\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001]
\n F –> G[\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42]<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d， listen() \u51fd\u6570\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4，\u5b83\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3002 <\/p>\n
TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4efb\u52a1\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u5728\u672c\u5c0f\u8282\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 accept() \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u3002 <\/p>\n
accept() \u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4ece\u76d1\u542c\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u65b0\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 accept() \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n
#include <sys\/socket.h>
\n#include <netinet\/in.h>
\n#include <unistd.h>
\n#include <stdio.h><\/p>\n
int main() {
\n int sockfd, newsockfd;
\n socklen_t clilen;
\n struct sockaddr_in cli_addr, serv_addr;<\/p>\n
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);<\/p>\n
memset(&serv_addr, 0, sizeof(serv_addr));
\n serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
\n serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
\n serv_addr.sin_port = htons(12345);<\/p>\n
bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
\n listen(sockfd, 5);<\/p>\n
clilen = sizeof(cli_addr);
\n newsockfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&cli_addr, &clilen);<\/p>\n
\/\/ …\u540e\u7eed\u4ee3\u7801，\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c
\n}<\/p>\n
\u8be5\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7 newsockfd \u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u3002 accept() \u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26，\u8be5\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0e\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1，\u800c sockfd \u7ee7\u7eed\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u542c\u5176\u4ed6\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8c03\u7528 accept() \u51fd\u6570\u65f6，\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4： <\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u6ce8\u610f\u70b9： <\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u548c\u89e3\u91ca，\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528 listen() \u548c accept() \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u7d22\u5982\u4f55\u5728TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u4e0e\u53d1\u9001\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u6570\u636e\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u7545\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u5173\u952e\u73af\u8282\u3002 recv() \u548c recvfrom() \u51fd\u6570\u5728\u6570\u636e\u63a5\u6536\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272，\u5b83\u4eec\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5\u7684Socket\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e，\u6216\u8005\u4ece\u672a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684Socket\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u3002 <\/p>\n
recv() \u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5\u7684Socket\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5176\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n
#include <sys\/socket.h><\/p>\n
ssize_t recv(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len, int flags);<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 recv() \u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801： <\/p>\n
#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <sys\/socket.h>
\n#include <unistd.h>
\n#include <string.h><\/p>\n
int main() {
\n int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
\n \/\/ \u5047\u8bbesockfd\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u7ed1\u5b9a\u548c\u76d1\u542c，\u5e76\u4e14\u8fde\u63a5\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb
\n char buffer[1024];
\n ssize_t n = recv(sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0);
\n if (n < 0) {
\n perror("recv failed");
\n } else if (n == 0) {
\n printf("Connection closed by peer\\\\n");
\n } else {
\n buffer[n] = '\\\\0'; \/\/ \u786e\u4fdd\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7ed3\u675f\u7b26\u6b63\u786e
\n printf("Received data: %s\\\\n", buffer);
\n }
\n close(sockfd);
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6765\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e，\u8c03\u7528 recv() \u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e，\u5e76\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u6570\u636e\u63a5\u6536\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f，\u6216\u8005\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u5b58\u653e\u5728 buffer \u4e2d，\u5e76\u4ee5\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002 <\/p>\n
recvfrom() \u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u672a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684Socket\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u3002\u5176\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n
#include <sys\/socket.h><\/p>\n
ssize_t recvfrom(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len, int flags,
\n struct sockaddr *src_addr, socklen_t *addrlen);<\/p>\n
recvfrom() \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e recv() \u7c7b\u4f3c，\u4f46\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4ece\u54ea\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u7684\u989d\u5916\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u662fSocket\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u6682\u5b58\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u7ba1\u7406\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a，\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u51b3\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b， recv() \u548c recvfrom() \u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u8c03\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u76f4\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00： <\/p>\n
\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b，\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5230\u8fbe，\u63a5\u6536\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u5f85\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6548\u7387\u964d\u4f4e，\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6，\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f1a\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u4ee5\u7b49\u5f85\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5230\u8fbe\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u963b\u585e，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u521b\u5efaSocket\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u975e\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f，\u6216\u8005\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u5982 select() \u6216 poll() \u8fd9\u6837\u7684I\/O\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u6280\u672f\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u5230\u8fbe\u3002\u8fd9\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5230\u8fbe\u524d\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1，\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002 send() \u548c sendto() \u51fd\u6570\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5411Socket\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002 send() \u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5\u7684Socket，\u800c sendto() \u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u672a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684Socket\u3002 <\/p>\n
send() \u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n
#include <sys\/socket.h><\/p>\n
ssize_t send(int sockfd, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags);<\/p>\n
sendto() \u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n
#include <sys\/socket.h><\/p>\n
ssize_t sendto(int sockfd, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags,
\n const struct sockaddr *dest_addr, socklen_t addrlen);<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 send() \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n
#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <sys\/socket.h>
\n#include <string.h>
\n#include <unistd.h><\/p>\n
int main() {
\n int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
\n \/\/ \u5047\u8bbesockfd\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3001\u76d1\u542c，\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb
\n const char *message = "Hello, TCP Server!";
\n send(sockfd, message, strlen(message), 0);
\n close(sockfd);
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684Socket\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u6ce8\u610f，\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u68c0\u67e5 send() \u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c，\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u5e94\u8be5\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd4\u56de\u503c，\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u53d1\u9001\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728TCP\u534f\u8bae\u4e0b，\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9996\u5148\u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u5230\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f20\u8f93，\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u900f\u660e\u7684，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 send() \u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684 MSG_OOB \u6807\u5fd7\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u7d27\u6025\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u88ab\u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u9001，\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7b49\u5f85\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6ee1，\u8fd9\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4fdd\u6301\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u53ca\u65f6\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982， send() \u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0f\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u957f\u5ea6，\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u660e\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5faa\u73af\u8c03\u7528 send() ，\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u3002\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u65f6，\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u4f7f\u7528 send() \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n
#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <sys\/socket.h>
\n#include <unistd.h>
\n#include <string.h><\/p>\n
#define MAX_SIZE 1024<\/p>\n
int main() {
\n int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
\n \/\/ \u5047\u8bbesockfd\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3001\u76d1\u542c，\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb
\n char *data = "This is a very long message that we need to send in chunks.";
\n char buffer[MAX_SIZE];
\n size_t length = strlen(data);
\n size_t sent = 0;
\n while (length > 0) {
\n int result = send(sockfd, data + sent, length, 0);
\n if (result < 0) {
\n perror("Send failed");
\n close(sockfd);
\n return 1;
\n } else if (result == 0) {
\n printf("Socket closed by peer\\\\n");
\n close(sockfd);
\n return 0;
\n }
\n sent += result;
\n length -= result;
\n }
\n printf("All data sent successfully.\\\\n");
\n close(sockfd);
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6b64\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5faa\u73af\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e，\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5373\u4f7f\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5927，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u53d1\u9001\u3002\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7531 send() \u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u786e\u5b9a，\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u963b\u585e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u80fd\u88ab\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u53d1\u9001\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728TCP\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d，\u6570\u636e\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u901a\u4fe1\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u952e，\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e，\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5065\u58ee\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u968f\u7740\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u7684\u6df1\u5165，\u6211\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86 recv() \u3001 recvfrom() \u3001 send() \u548c sendto() \u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u903b\u8f91，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u8282，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a2\u8ba8\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u4e4b\u540e，\u5982\u4f55\u4f18\u96c5\u5730\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u4e00\u4e2aSocket\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u73af\u8282，\u4f7f\u7528 close() \u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2aSocket\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u65f6，\u8c03\u7528 close() \u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u77e5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u91ca\u653e\u4e0e\u8be5Socket\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u539f\u578b\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n
#include <unistd.h><\/p>\n
int close(int sockfd);<\/p>\n
close() \u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u5173\u95ed\u4e00\u4e2a\u6253\u5f00\u7684Socket\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 sockfd ，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4e4b\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7 socket() \u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8005 accept() \u51fd\u6570\u83b7\u5f97\u3002\u8c03\u7528 close() \u4e4b\u540e，Socket\u8fdb\u5165\u534a\u5173\u95ed\u72b6\u6001，\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u7981\u6b62，\u4f46\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u5728\u8be5Socket\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u6bd5，\u624d\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u5173\u95ed\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5173\u95edSocket\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5，\u4f8b\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u65ad\u5f00\u5bfc\u81f4\u8c03\u7528 close() \u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u7ed9\u8c03\u7528\u8005，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406 close() \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u65f6，\u5e94\u5f53\u68c0\u67e5 errno \u53d8\u91cf，\u5e76\u4f5c\u51fa\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u53ca\u5176\u542b\u4e49： <\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u5e94\u5f53\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u9000\u51fa\u8def\u5f84\u90fd\u8c03\u7528\u4e86 close() \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5173\u95edSocket\u3002\u540c\u65f6，\u5728\u5173\u95edSocket\u4e4b\u524d，\u5e94\u5f53\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210，\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u91ca\u653e，\u9664\u4e86\u8c03\u7528 close() \u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u5916，\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5faa： <\/p>\n
\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u56de\u6536\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u5e94\u7528\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5： <\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5，\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u5f97\u5230\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u91ca\u653e，\u51cf\u5c11\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u9732\u7684\u98ce\u9669，\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n
graph LR
\nA[\u5f00\u59cb\u5173\u95edSocket] –> B[\u68c0\u67e5Socket\u72b6\u6001]
\nB –> C{\u662f\u5426\u6709\u672a\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u636e}
\nC –>|\u662f| D[\u7b49\u5f85\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6bd5]
\nC –>|\u5426| E[\u8c03\u7528close()\u51fd\u6570]
\nD –> E
\nE –> F[\u68c0\u67e5close()\u8fd4\u56de\u503c]
\nF –> G{\u6709\u65e0\u9519\u8bef\u53d1\u751f}
\nG –>|\u662f| H[\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55]
\nG –>|\u5426| I[\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u5b8c\u6210]<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5173\u95edSocket\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7ef4\u62a4\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4，\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7f16\u7801\u4e2d\u7ed9\u4e88\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662fCPU\u8c03\u5ea6\u548c\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5355\u4f4d，\u5b83\u88ab\u5305\u542b\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u4e2d，\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u4f5c\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c，\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728I\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u6216\u8005\u591a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u3002\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d，\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42，\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728C++\u4e2d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 std::thread \u7c7b\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n
#include <thread>
\n#include <iostream><\/p>\n
void thread_function() {
\n std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
\n}<\/p>\n
int main() {
\n std::thread my_thread(thread_function);
\n my_thread.join(); \/\/ \u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90，\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6216\u8005\u7ade\u4e89\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u53d1\u751f，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65\u548c\u4e92\u65a5\u673a\u5236\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 std::mutex \u7c7b\u662fC++\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e92\u65a5\u9501，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65\u3002 <\/p>\n
#include <iostream>
\n#include <thread>
\n#include <mutex><\/p>\n
std::mutex mtx;<\/p>\n
void print(int n) {
\n mtx.lock(); \/\/ \u9501\u5b9a\u4e92\u65a5\u9501
\n std::cout << "Number: " << n << '\\\\n';
\n mtx.unlock(); \/\/ \u89e3\u9501\u4e92\u65a5\u9501
\n}<\/p>\n
int main() {
\n std::thread threads[10];
\n for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
\n threads[i] = std::thread(print, i);
\n }<\/p>\n
for (auto& th : threads) {
\n th.join();
\n }
\n return 0;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u963b\u585e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u5f97\u5230\u901a\u77e5\u7684I\/O\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u540c\u6b65I\/O\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u540c，\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u5728\u53d1\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2aI\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6267\u884c，\u800c\u662f\u8ba9\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5f53I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u901a\u8fc7\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u6216\u8005\u4e8b\u4ef6\u673a\u5236\u901a\u77e5\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u7ebf\u7a0b\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u548cI\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f，\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42，\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728Linux\u73af\u5883\u4e0b，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 libuv \u5e93，\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u652f\u6301\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u7684\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0C\u5e93\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528 libuv \u7684\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801： <\/p>\n
#include <uv.h><\/p>\n
static void alloc_buffer(uv_handle_t* handle, size_t suggested_size, uv_buf_t* buf) {
\n buf->base = (char*)malloc(suggested_size);
\n buf->len = suggested_size;
\n}<\/p>\n
static void echo_read(uv_stream_t* handle, ssize_t nread, const uv_buf_t* buf) {
\n if (nread < 0) {
\n if (nread != UV_EOF) {
\n fprintf(stderr, "Read error %s\\\\n", uv_err_name(nread));
\n }
\n free(buf->base);
\n return;
\n }<\/p>\n
uv_write_t req;
\n uv_buf_t wbuf;
\n wbuf = uv_buf_init(buf->base, nread);<\/p>\n
uv_write(&req, handle, &wbuf, 1, (uv_write_cb)free);
\n}<\/p>\n
static void echo_write(uv_write_t* req, int status) {
\n if (status) {
\n fprintf(stderr, "Write error %s\\\\n", uv_err_name(status));
\n }
\n free(req);
\n}<\/p>\n
int main() {
\n uv_loop_t* loop = uv_default_loop();
\n uv_tcp_t server;
\n struct sockaddr_in addr;
\n uv_ip4_addr("0.0.0.0", 7000, &addr);<\/p>\n
uv_tcp_init(loop, &server);
\n uv_tcp_bind(&server, (const struct sockaddr*)&addr, 0);
\n int flags = UV\u542c\u5f97512;
\n uv_listen((uv_stream_t*)&server, flags, NULL);
\n uv_spawn(loop, NULL, (uv\u7576\u60a8_ cb)uv_spawn_cb, NULL, NULL);<\/p>\n
uv_read_start((uv_stream_t*)&server, alloc_buffer, echo_read);<\/p>\n
return uv_run(loop, UV_RUN_DEFAULT);
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6b64\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e37000\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6765\u65f6，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e，\u5e76\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u56de\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c，\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u6837，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5，\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6548\u7387\u3002 <\/p>\n
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\u7b80\u4ecb：\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u662f\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u672c\u7bc7\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u57fa\u4e8eTCP\u534f\u8bae\u7684C++\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0，\u5305\u62ec\u521b\u5efaSocket\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6eSocket\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u7ed1\u5b9aIP\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u4f9b\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u5206\u6790，\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4f7f\u7528 boost.asio \u5e93\u7b80\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u53ca\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u6548\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 <\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb770\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e15\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf11\u6b21\u3002\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u4e86\u89e3TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u3002TCP\uff08\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u662f\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u534f\u8bae\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7ef4\u62a4\u4f1a\u8bdd\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u6709\u5e8f\u4e14\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5730\u8fbe\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5e76\u8f6c\u53d1\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5141\u8bb8\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f51\u9875\u6d4f\u89c8\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002Socket\uff08\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\uff09\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u5efa\u5757\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea4\u6362\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":37986,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-37988","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server"],"yoast_head":"\n