{"id":37720,"date":"2025-05-17T07:10:56","date_gmt":"2025-05-16T23:10:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/37720.html"},"modified":"2025-05-17T07:10:56","modified_gmt":"2025-05-16T23:10:56","slug":"ml302%e6%a0%b8%e5%bf%83%e6%9d%bftcp%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/37720.html","title":{"rendered":"ML302\u6838\u5fc3\u677fTCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u6559\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 \"menu-r.4af5f7ec.gif\" <\/p>\n

\u7b80\u4ecb：\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u6307\u5bfc\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528ML302\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u5b9e\u73b0TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0e\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86ML302\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784\u3001TCP\u534f\u8bae\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u6b65\u9aa4，\u5305\u62ec\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u6559\u7a0b\u8fd8\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u591a\u8defTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5904\u7406\u3001TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\u3002 \"ML302\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\" <\/p>\n

1. ML302\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u7ed3\u6784\u4ecb\u7ecd <\/h2>\n

1.1 \u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u6982\u8ff0 <\/h3>\n

ML302\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u4f4e\u529f\u8017\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u53f0，\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5de5\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u7269\u8054\u7f51(IoT)\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u7535\u5b50\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5b83\u96c6\u6210\u4e86\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6280\u672f\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u8d44\u6e90，\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u652f\u6301，\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u63a7\u5236\u529f\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n

1.2 \u786c\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210 <\/h3>\n

\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u7531\u4e2d\u592e\u5904\u7406\u5355\u5143(CPU)\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa(I\/O)\u63a5\u53e3\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u5757\u6784\u6210\u3002\u5176\u4e2d，CPU\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u4ef6，\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684ARM\u67b6\u6784\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3002\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u5b58\u53d6\u3002I\/O\u63a5\u53e3\u5219\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002 <\/p>\n

1.3 \u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u7279\u6027 <\/h3>\n

ML302\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u652f\u6301\u591a\u6837\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae，\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8eWi-Fi\u3001\u84dd\u7259\u3001\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7b49，\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bbe\u5907\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u63a5\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u6b64\u5916，\u5b83\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf，\u5982Linux\u3001RTOS\u7b49，\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5c0f\u5de7\u3001\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u5f3a，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u96c6\u6210\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u5b9a\u5236\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e2d\u3002 <\/p>\n

1.4 \u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f <\/h3>\n

ML302\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u573a\u666f，\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u5bb6\u5c45\u3001\u8f66\u8f7d\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u786c\u4ef6\u6269\u5c55，\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9a\u5236\u5316\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7279\u6027，\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e13\u4e1aIT\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdTCP\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u673a\u5236，\u4e3a\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u6253\u4e0b\u575a\u5b9e\u57fa\u7840\u3002 <\/p>\n

2. TCP\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u901a\u4fe1 <\/h2>\n

2.1 TCP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5 <\/h4>\n

2.1.1 TCP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u7279\u70b9 <\/h5>\n

TCP（Transmission Control Protocol，\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae）\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b57\u8282\u6d41\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5b83\u4e3a\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u7684\u670d\u52a1，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u3001\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54\u3001\u8d85\u65f6\u91cd\u4f20\u7b49\u673a\u5236\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u4e0eUDP\u76f8\u6bd4，TCP\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5728TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u4e2d，TCP\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4，\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6bb5\u548c\u91cd\u7ec4，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684IP\u670d\u52a1\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u6587\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u3002 <\/p>\n

2.1.2 TCP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b <\/h5>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u8fde\u63a5，TCP\u534f\u8bae\u91c7\u7528\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u786e\u4fdd\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u63a5\u6536\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n

  • \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001SYN（\u540c\u6b65\u5e8f\u5217\u7f16\u53f7）\u62a5\u6587 ：\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7（ISN），\u5e76\u5c06SYN\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a1，\u53d1\u9001SYN\u62a5\u6587\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002 <\/li>\n
  • \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94SYN-ACK（\u540c\u6b65\u786e\u8ba4）\u62a5\u6587 ：\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5230SYN\u62a5\u6587\u540e，\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8be5\u8fde\u63a5\u5206\u914d\u7f13\u5b58\u548c\u53d8\u91cf，\u7136\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7，\u5e76\u5c06SYN\u548cACK\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u90fd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a1，\u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002 <\/li>\n
  • \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001ACK（\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54）\u62a5\u6587 ：\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684SYN-ACK\u62a5\u6587\u540e，\u786e\u8ba4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7，\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u81ea\u5df1\u7684ACK\u62a5\u6587，\u81f3\u6b64\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u5b8c\u6210，TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u3002 <\/li>\n

    \u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a： <\/p>\n

    sequenceDiagram
    \n participant C as \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef
    \n participant S as \u670d\u52a1\u5668
    \n C->>S: SYN
    \n S->>C: SYN-ACK
    \n C->>S: ACK<\/p>\n

    2.2 \u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u539f\u7406 <\/h4>\n

    2.2.1 \u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f <\/h5>\n

    \u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u662f\u6307\u5728\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u524d，\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002TCP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u901a\u4fe1\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f18\u52bf： <\/p>\n

  • \u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93 ：\u7531\u4e8e\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u786e\u8ba4\u673a\u5236，TCP\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u800c\u4e22\u5931\u3002 <\/li>\n
  • \u987a\u5e8f\u4fdd\u8bc1 ：TCP\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0e\u53d1\u9001\u987a\u5e8f\u4e00\u81f4，\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4e71\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/li>\n
  • \u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236 ：TCP\u4f7f\u7528\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u534f\u8bae，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u9632\u6b62\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u8fc7\u5feb\u5bfc\u81f4\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6765\u3002 <\/li>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97TCP\u5728\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u7f51\u9875\u6d4f\u89c8\u7b49\u9700\u8981\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n

    2.2.2 \u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u6d41\u7a0b <\/h5>\n

    \u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684TCP\u901a\u4fe1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002 <\/p>\n

  • \u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb ：\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0，\u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/li>\n
  • \u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93 ：\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u540e，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e，TCP\u901a\u8fc7\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\u3002 <\/li>\n
  • \n

    \u8fde\u63a5\u7ec8\u6b62 ：\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\u6765\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001FIN\u62a5\u6587 ：\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u4efb\u52a1\u540e，\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709FIN\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u8868\u793a\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94ACK\u62a5\u6587 ：\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230FIN\u62a5\u6587\u540e，\u53d1\u9001ACK\u62a5\u6587\u786e\u8ba4，\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u9001\u5269\u4f59\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/li>\n
  • \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001FIN\u62a5\u6587 ：\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u6bd5，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001FIN\u62a5\u6587\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002 <\/li>\n
  • \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u54cd\u5e94ACK\u62a5\u6587 ：\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684FIN\u62a5\u6587\u540e，\u53d1\u9001ACK\u62a5\u6587\u786e\u8ba4，\u5e76\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/li>\n

    \u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a： <\/p>\n

    sequenceDiagram
    \n participant C as \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef
    \n participant S as \u670d\u52a1\u5668
    \n C->>S: FIN
    \n S->>C: ACK
    \n S->>C: FIN
    \n C->>S: ACK<\/p>\n

    TCP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027，\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u66f4\u52a0\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u3002 <\/p>\n

    3. \u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6b65\u9aa4 <\/h2>\n

    3.1 ML302\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e <\/h4>\n

    3.1.1 \u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5 <\/h5>\n

    \u5728\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6eML302\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u4e4b\u524d，\u4e86\u89e3\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002ML302\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u5907\u591a\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3，\u5982\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51（Ethernet）\u3001Wi-Fi\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u8702\u7a9d\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u987a\u5229\u521d\u59cb\u5316，\u9996\u5148\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u652f\u6301\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\u53ca\u5176\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u8fde\u63a5，\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6eMAC\u5730\u5740\u548cIP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u9996\u5148\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u8bbe\u5907\u662f\u5426\u6709\u9759\u6001\u914d\u7f6e\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709，\u5219\u8bbe\u5907\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u901a\u8fc7DHCP（Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol）\u83b7\u53d6IP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26，\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u8bbe\u5907\u51fa\u5382\u65f6\u5c31\u5df2\u9884\u8bbe，\u4e0d\u5e94\u968f\u610f\u66f4\u6539\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u914d\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4ee5Linux\u4e3a\u4f8b，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 ifconfig \u6216 ip \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u914d\u7f6e\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 ifconfig \u547d\u4ee4\u914d\u7f6e\u9759\u6001IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n

    # \u914d\u7f6eeth0\u63a5\u53e3，\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9759\u6001IP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u548c\u7f51\u5173
    \nsudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
    \nsudo route add default gw 192.168.1.1 eth0<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u4e2d， ifconfig eth0 \u7528\u4e8e\u914d\u7f6e\u540d\u4e3a eth0 \u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u63a5\u53e3， 192.168.1.10 \u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u9759\u6001IP\u5730\u5740， 255.255.255.0 \u662f\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801， up \u547d\u4ee4\u6fc0\u6d3b\u63a5\u53e3\u3002 route \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u6dfb\u52a0\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f51\u5173，\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f51\u5173\u4e3a 192.168.1.1 \u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u524d，\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u9009\u62e9\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u5728\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5185\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u5907\u4f7f\u7528，\u4ee5\u907f\u514dIP\u5730\u5740\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u6b64\u5916，\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7edf\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406，\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u65f6\u8fd8\u9700\u9075\u5b88\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7b56\u7565\u3002 <\/p>\n

    3.1.2 \u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u4e0e\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bbe\u7f6e <\/h5>\n

    ML302\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u4e0e\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u4e4b\u524d，\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251，\u5373\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4，\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u76f4\u8fde\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u5728\u76f4\u8fde\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u5b8c\u6210\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u540e，\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u53c2\u6570，\u5982\u4e3a\u8bbe\u5907\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u9759\u6001IP\u5730\u5740\u6216\u914d\u7f6eDHCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u5141\u8bb8\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u901a\u8fc7\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u7f6e，\u5982\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868（ACLs）\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 ifconfig \u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0a，\u914d\u7f6e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n

    # \u8fdb\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u540e，\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u5f53\u524d\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u72b6\u6001
    \nifconfig -a<\/p>\n

    # \u5047\u8bbeeth0\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u63a5\u53e3，\u4f7f\u7528DHCP\u83b7\u53d6IP\u5730\u5740
    \ndhclient eth0<\/p>\n

    # \u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u9759\u6001IP\u5730\u5740，\u5219\u4f7f\u7528ifconfig\u6216ip\u547d\u4ee4\u914d\u7f6e
    \nsudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 up<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d， dhclient eth0 \u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u8ba9\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u7684 eth0 \u63a5\u53e3\u901a\u8fc7DHCP\u81ea\u52a8\u83b7\u53d6IP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u9759\u6001IP\u5730\u5740，\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528 ifconfig \u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u5b8c\u6210\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u540e，\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 ping \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5426\u8fde\u901a： <\/p>\n

    # \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u4e0e\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u6027
    \nping 192.168.1.1 -c 4<\/p>\n

    ping \u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u5411\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u56db\u4e2aICMP\u56de\u663e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5305，\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u54cd\u5e94\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u77ed\u4e14\u65e0\u4e22\u5305，\u8868\u660e\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002 <\/p>\n

    3.2 \u7f51\u7edc\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316 <\/h4>\n

    3.2.1 IP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u548c\u7f51\u5173\u7684\u914d\u7f6e <\/h5>\n

    \u7f51\u7edc\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7545\u901a\u65e0\u963b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002IP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f51\u5173\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u914d\u7f6e\u9879，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6b63\u786e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u3002 <\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      IP\u5730\u5740 ：\u6bcf\u53f0\u8054\u7f51\u8bbe\u5907\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684IP\u5730\u5740，\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6807\u8bc6\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eML302\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u6765\u8bf4，\u6839\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e\u9759\u6001IP\u5730\u5740\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684DHCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u52a8\u6001\u83b7\u53d6IP\u5730\u5740\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801 ：\u7528\u4e8e\u533a\u5206IP\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u90e8\u5206，\u5bf9\u5b50\u7f51\u5185\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u5206\u5272\u3002\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b50\u7f51\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u7f51\u5173 ：\u7f51\u5173\u662f\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc（\u4f8b\u5982\u4e92\u8054\u7f51）\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5fc5\u7ecf\u4e4b\u8def\u3002\u5b83\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u95e8\u6237，\u6240\u6709\u4ece\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u5173\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u65f6，\u9700\u8981\u5148\u83b7\u53d6\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4fe1\u606f，\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u6216\u6839\u636e\u8bbe\u5907\u6240\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u4ee5Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u4f8b，\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528 ifconfig \u6216 ip \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u624b\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570，\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n

      # \u4f7f\u7528ifconfig\u547d\u4ee4\u914d\u7f6e\u9759\u6001IP\u5730\u5740
      \nsudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.20 netmask 255.255.255.0 up<\/p>\n

      # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f51\u5173
      \nsudo route add default gw 192.168.1.1 eth0<\/p>\n

      \u5176\u4e2d， 192.168.1.20 \u4e3a\u9759\u6001IP\u5730\u5740， 255.255.255.0 \u4e3a\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801，\u800c 192.168.1.1 \u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f51\u5173\u3002 <\/p>\n

      \u5982\u679c\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6709DHCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u53ef\u81ea\u52a8\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u5f97\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u53c2\u6570，\u65e0\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 dhclient \u547d\u4ee4\u8bf7\u6c42DHCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5206\u914d\u7f51\u7edc\u53c2\u6570： <\/p>\n

      # \u4f7f\u7528dhclient\u547d\u4ee4\u5411DHCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6IP\u914d\u7f6e
      \ndhclient eth0<\/p>\n

      \u4f7f\u7528DHCP\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6eIP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u548c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f51\u5173，\u5927\u5927\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002 <\/p>\n

      \u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8868\u683c\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e0b，\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u548c\u7f51\u5173\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5： <\/p>\n

      | \u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883 | \u9759\u6001IP\u914d\u7f6e | DHCP\u914d\u7f6e | | — | — | — | | \u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5185\u5355\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907 | \u624b\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9759\u6001IP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u3001\u7f51\u5173 | \u4f7f\u7528 dhclient \u81ea\u52a8\u83b7\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e | | \u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5185\u591a\u8bbe\u5907 | \u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u540c\u9759\u6001IP，\u7edf\u4e00\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u548c\u7f51\u5173 | \u7531DHCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7edf\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406 | | \u5916\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee | \u914d\u7f6e\u5916\u90e8\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u9759\u6001IP，\u7f51\u5173\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\u5668 | DHCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528，\u5206\u914d\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e | <\/p>\n

      3.2.2 DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u9009\u62e9 <\/h5>\n

      DNS（Domain Name System）\u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u57fa\u7840\u670d\u52a1，\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u57df\u540d\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684IP\u5730\u5740，\u4f7f\u5f97\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6613\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u57df\u540d\u800c\u975e\u590d\u6742\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbf\u95ee\u80fd\u529b\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n

      \u5f53ML302\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbf\u95ee\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u65f6，\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u6807\u57df\u540d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u80fd\u591f\u67e5\u8be2DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u83b7\u53d6\u6b63\u786e\u7684IP\u6620\u5c04\u3002DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u901a\u5e38\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n

      \u5728\u914d\u7f6eDNS\u65f6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5355\u72ec\u8bbe\u7f6eDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4f7f\u7528 resolv.conf \u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6eDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\u3002 <\/p>\n

      \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e \/etc\/resolv.conf \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50： <\/p>\n

      # \u7f16\u8f91\/etc\/resolv.conf\u6587\u4ef6
      \nsudo nano \/etc\/resolv.conf<\/p>\n

      # \u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9，\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ee5Google\u7684\u516c\u5171DNS\u4e3a\u4f8b
      \nnameserver 8.8.8.8
      \nnameserver 8.8.4.4<\/p>\n

      \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d， nameserver \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u540e\u8ddf\u7740\u7684\u662fDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86Google\u7684\u516c\u5171DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740，\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u66f4\u6362\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\u3002 <\/p>\n

      \u9009\u62e9DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6，\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56e0\u7d20： <\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6 ：\u9009\u62e9\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u77ed\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5feb\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u901f\u5ea6\u3002 <\/li>\n
      • \u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027 ：\u9009\u62e9\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u89e3\u6790\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u51e0\u7387\u3002 <\/li>\n
      • \u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4 ：\u4f7f\u7528\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4\u8f83\u597d\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u89e3\u6790\u8bb0\u5f55\u88ab\u6ee5\u7528\u3002 <\/li>\n
      • \u5b89\u5168\u6027 ：\u9009\u62e9\u652f\u6301DNSSEC（DNS Security Extensions）\u7b49\u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u89e3\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u9664\u4e86\u914d\u7f6e\u516c\u5171DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u4e00\u4e9b\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883，\u5982\u4f01\u4e1a\u6216\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784，\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u90e8\u7f72\u4e13\u7528\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u5e94\u5f53\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u5730DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u3002 <\/p>\n

        \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4，ML302\u6838\u5fc3\u677f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u662f\u540e\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u521b\u5efaTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u56f4\u7ed5\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u914d\u7f6e\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u5c55\u5f00\u3002 <\/p>\n

        4. \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7f16\u7a0b\u548c\u521b\u5efaTCP\u8fde\u63a5 <\/h2>\n

        4.1 \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840 <\/h3>\n

        4.1.1 \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u7c7b\u578b <\/h4>\n

        \u5957\u63a5\u5b57（Socket）\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5355\u5143，\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5230\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d，\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u548cAPI\u8c03\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u7565\u6709\u5dee\u5f02，\u4f46\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u9001\u6216\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e，\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1（IPC）\u3002 <\/p>\n

        \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b： <\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u6d41\u5f0f\u5957\u63a5\u5b57（SOCK_STREAM）：\u4f7f\u7528TCP\u534f\u8bae，\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u670d\u52a1，\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u3002 <\/li>\n
        • \u6570\u636e\u62a5\u5957\u63a5\u5b57（SOCK_DGRAM）：\u4f7f\u7528UDP\u534f\u8bae，\u63d0\u4f9b\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u670d\u52a1，\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb，\u4f46\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002 <\/li>\n
        • \u539f\u59cb\u5957\u63a5\u5b57（SOCK_RAW）：\u5141\u8bb8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0b\u5c42\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u534f\u8bae\u6216\u8005\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u534f\u8bae\u8fdb\u884c\u5c01\u88c5\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          4.1.2 \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5 <\/h4>\n

          \u5728\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u4ee5C\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3a\u4f8b，\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u51fd\u6570： <\/p>\n

            \n
          • socket() ：\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002 <\/li>\n
          • bind() ：\u5c06\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u548c\u672c\u5730\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002 <\/li>\n
          • listen() ：\u5c06\u6d41\u5f0f\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u76d1\u542c\u72b6\u6001，\u51c6\u5907\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/li>\n
          • connect() ：\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u7684TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/li>\n
          • accept() ：\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/li>\n
          • send() \u548c recv() ：\u5206\u522b\u7528\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/li>\n
          • close() ：\u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u7ec8\u6b62\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            #include <sys\/socket.h>
            \n#include <netinet\/in.h>
            \n#include <arpa\/inet.h>
            \n#include <unistd.h>
            \n#include <stdio.h><\/p>\n

            int main() {
            \n int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
            \n if (sockfd < 0) {
            \n perror("socket creation failed");
            \n return -1;
            \n }<\/p>\n

            \/\/ \u5176\u4ed6\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u64cd\u4f5c\u4ee3\u7801…<\/p>\n

            close(sockfd);
            \n return 0;
            \n}<\/p>\n

            4.1.3 \u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91\u89e3\u8bfb <\/h4>\n

            \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u8c03\u7528\u4e86 socket() \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5730\u5740\u65cf AF_INET \u8868\u793a\u4f7f\u7528IPv4\u5730\u5740，\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7c7b\u578b SOCK_STREAM \u8868\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u6d41\u5f0f\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4e3a0\u8868\u793a\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u9009\u62e9\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002 <\/p>\n

            \u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u540e，\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u64cd\u4f5c，\u4f8b\u5982 bind() \u3001 listen() \u3001 connect() \u7b49\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u5c55\u793a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7f16\u7a0b\u6d41\u7a0b，\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002 <\/p>\n

            4.2 \u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406TCP\u8fde\u63a5 <\/h3>\n

            4.2.1 \u5efa\u7acbTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8be6\u89e3 <\/h4>\n

            \u5efa\u7acbTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u201c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4： <\/p>\n

              \n
            • \n

              \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65：\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001SYN\u6bb5 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7（X），\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u7684SYN\u6bb5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bb5\u8868\u793a\u201c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86，\u5e76\u4e14\u60f3\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65：\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001SYN-ACK\u6bb5 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684SYN\u6bb5\u540e，\u5b83\u5c06\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7（Y），\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aSYN-ACK\u6bb5\u56de\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bb5\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f：\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7（Y），\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7（X+1）\u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5df2\u7ecf\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7X\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65：\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001ACK\u6bb5 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684SYN-ACK\u6bb5\u540e，\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aACK\u6bb5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bb5\u5305\u542b\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7（Y+1），\u8868\u793a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7Y\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              4.2.2 \u76d1\u542c\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5 <\/h4>\n

              \u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef，\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7 listen() \u51fd\u6570\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3，\u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u8fbe\u65f6，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 accept() \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n

              int server_fd, new_socket;<\/p>\n

              server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
              \n\/\/ \u5176\u4ed6\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7801…<\/p>\n

              if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) {
              \n \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406…
              \n}<\/p>\n

              listen(server_fd, 3);<\/p>\n

              new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, (socklen_t*)&client_len);<\/p>\n

              if(new_socket < 0) {
              \n \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406…
              \n}<\/p>\n

              \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d， listen() \u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e3a\u76d1\u542c\u6a21\u5f0f，\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u6700\u5927\u961f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a3\u3002\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u6765\u65f6， accept() \u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5，\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57 new_socket \u7528\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002 client_addr \u548c client_len \u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u957f\u5ea6\u4fe1\u606f，\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002 <\/p>\n

              \u5f53\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fd8\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 close() \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5173\u95ed\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u7ec8\u6b62TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n

              4.3 \u5c0f\u7ed3 <\/h3>\n

              \u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u5176\u5728TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u57fa\u7840，\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7ec6\u8282\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u7684\u5b66\u4e60，\u8bfb\u8005\u5e94\u5f53\u80fd\u591f\u638c\u63e1\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5957\u63a5\u5b57API\u5b9e\u73b0\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u3002 <\/p>\n

              5. TCP\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1 <\/h2>\n

              5.1 \u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u673a\u5236 <\/h3>\n

              5.1.1 TCP\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u4e0e\u4f20\u8f93 <\/h4>\n

              TCP\u5c06\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u4f20\u6765\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5272\u6210\u9002\u5f53\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6bb5，\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9TCP\u5c42\u3002\u5728\u5c01\u88c5\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u65f6，TCP\u5934\u90e8\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7，\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002\u540c\u65f6，\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54\u673a\u5236\u7528\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u63a5\u6536\u3002 <\/p>\n

              TCP\u5934\u90e8\u5206\u5272\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u7684\u751f\u6210，\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u5206\u914d\u7684，\u5b83\u5c06\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u7684\u91cd\u7ec4\u4ee5\u53ca\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u5426\u6536\u5230\u5b8c\u6574\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/p>\n

              | \u6e90\u7aef\u53e3 | \u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u53e3 | \u5e8f\u5217\u53f7 | \u786e\u8ba4\u53f7 | \u6570\u636e\u504f\u79fb | \u4fdd\u7559 | \u63a7\u5236\u4f4d | \u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f | \u6821\u9a8c\u548c | \u7d27\u6025\u6307\u9488 |
              \n|———|———–|———|———|———–|——-|———-|————|———|————|<\/p>\n

              5.1.2 \u6570\u636e\u6d41\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236 <\/h4>\n

              \u4e3a\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u6570\u636e\u6d41，TCP\u4f7f\u7528\u7a97\u53e3\u673a\u5236\u6765\u544a\u77e5\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u5b57\u6bb5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u672a\u786e\u8ba4\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6ee1，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u51cf\u5c0f\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u6765\u6682\u505c\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u3002 <\/p>\n

              \u91cd\u4f20\u673a\u5236\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5728\u9884\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54，\u5c31\u4f1a\u91cd\u53d1\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4e22\u5305\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e0b，\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u80fd\u6700\u7ec8\u5230\u8fbe\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u3002 <\/p>\n

              5.2 \u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027 <\/h3>\n

              5.2.1 \u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406 <\/h4>\n

              \u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u534f\u8bae\u662fTCP\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u57fa\u7840，\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5728\u786e\u8ba4\u5df2\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d，\u63a5\u53d7\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u3002\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u51b5\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574，\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002 <\/p>\n

              \u5728\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u673a\u5236\u4e0b，\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u544a\u77e5\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u3002\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5219\u6839\u636e\u6b64\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u7b56\u7565\u3002 <\/p>\n

              5.2.2 \u786e\u8ba4\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u8d85\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u7b56\u7565 <\/h4>\n

              \u786e\u8ba4\u54cd\u5e94\u662fTCP\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u673a\u5236\u3002\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u53d1\u9001ACK（\u786e\u8ba4\u5e94\u7b54）\u6765\u544a\u77e5\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230ACK，\u5b83\u4f1a\u5728\u8d85\u65f6\u540e\u91cd\u4f20\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u3002 <\/p>\n

              \u8d85\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u91cd\u4f20\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4（RTO）\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97，\u5b83\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u7684，\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u51b5\u3002TCP\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u6570\u9000\u907f\u673a\u5236\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u4e22\u5305\u4e8b\u4ef6，\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u9047\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\u65f6\u51cf\u5c11\u53d1\u9001\u9891\u7387，\u51cf\u8f7b\u7f51\u7edc\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002 <\/p>\n

              \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8be6\u8ff0，\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86TCP\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7f16\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n

              6. \u591a\u8defTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b <\/h2>\n

              \u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u6765\u81ea\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7528\u6237\u7684\u591a\u4e2aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u8fde\u63a5，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u591a\u8defTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6280\u672f，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u591a\u8defTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u4fdd\u6301\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002 <\/p>\n

              6.1 \u591a\u8defTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406 <\/h3>\n

              \u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6311\u6218，\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u9ad8\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f18\u5316\u8fd9\u79cd\u573a\u666f，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u6765\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n

              6.1.1 \u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6280\u672f <\/h4>\n

              \u4e3a\u4e86\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2aTCP\u8fde\u63a5，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u529f\u80fd，\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd，\u786e\u4fdd\u5373\u4f7f\u67d0\u4e9b\u8fde\u63a5\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u5176\u4ed6\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n

              6.1.2 \u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u548c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b <\/h4>\n

              \u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u7b49\u5f85I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u4e0d\u6302\u8d77，\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u6b63\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u6570\u636e，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u5176\u4ed6\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n

              \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528Python\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801： <\/p>\n

              import threading
              \nimport socket<\/p>\n

              def handle_client_connection(client_socket):
              \n while True:
              \n try:
              \n data = client_socket.recv(1024)
              \n if not data:
              \n break
              \n # \u5904\u7406\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e
              \n # …
              \n # \u53d1\u9001\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e
              \n client_socket.sendall(response_data)
              \n except ConnectionResetError:
              \n break
              \n # \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5
              \n client_socket.close()<\/p>\n

              def server():
              \n server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
              \n server_socket.bind(('localhost', 8080))
              \n server_socket.listen(5)
              \n print("Server listening on port 8080…")
              \n while True:
              \n client_sock, client_addr = server_socket.accept()
              \n print(f"Connection from {client_addr} has been established.")
              \n client_handler = threading.Thread(target=handle_client_connection, args=(client_sock,))
              \n client_handler.start()<\/p>\n

              if __name__ == "__main__":
              \n server()<\/p>\n

              \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528 socket \u6a21\u5757\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5，\u5e76\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002 <\/p>\n

              6.2 \u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b <\/h3>\n

              \u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5982\u4f55\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u591a\u8defTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n

              6.2.1 \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u5f0f <\/h4>\n

              \u5728\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5904\u7406\u591a\u8def\u8fde\u63a5，\u5305\u62ec\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u3001\u53cd\u5e94\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u673a\u5236，\u5176\u4e2d\u4e8b\u4ef6（\u5982\u7f51\u7edcI\/O\u4e8b\u4ef6）\u88ab\u89e6\u53d1\u65f6，\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n

              6.2.2 \u9ad8\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7b56\u7565 <\/h4>\n

              \u4e3a\u4e86\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5236\u5b9a\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u8d44\u6e90\u4e89\u7528\u548c\u540c\u6b65\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u9650\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528，\u4f8b\u5982\u9650\u5236\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u53e6\u5916，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u6765\u590d\u7528\u8fde\u63a5，\u51cf\u5c11\u9891\u7e41\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002 <\/p>\n

              flowchart LR
              \n A[\u5f00\u59cb] –> B{\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5}
              \n B –> C[\u521b\u5efa\u6216\u91cd\u7528\u8fde\u63a5]
              \n C –> D{\u68c0\u67e5\u8d44\u6e90}
              \n D –>|\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u7528| E[\u5904\u7406\u8fde\u63a5]
              \n D –>|\u8d44\u6e90\u6ee1\u8f7d| F[\u62d2\u7edd\u8fde\u63a5\u6216\u6392\u961f]
              \n E –> G{\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5426\u5173\u95ed}
              \n G –>|\u662f| H[\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u5e76\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90]
              \n G –>|\u5426| I[\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406]
              \n I –> J[\u68c0\u67e5\u8fde\u63a5\u8d85\u65f6]
              \n J –>|\u662f| H
              \n F –> K[\u7b49\u5f85\u6216\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c]<\/p>\n

              \u5728\u4e0a\u56fe\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6307\u5bfc\u5f00\u53d1\u9ad8\u6548\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 <\/p>\n

              \u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u8defTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5168\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u8282\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6027\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n

              7. TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236 <\/h2>\n

              \u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f，\u9ad8\u6548\u7684TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u663e\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9002\u5f53\u8c03\u6574TCP\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u7b97\u6cd5，\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002 <\/p>\n

              7.1 TCP\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u672f <\/h3>\n

              \u4f18\u5316TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u6d89\u53ca\u8c03\u6574TCP\u6808\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u53c2\u6570，\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a，\u540c\u65f6\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\u3002 <\/p>\n

              7.1.1 \u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u7a97\u53e3\u8c03\u6574 <\/h4>\n

              \u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u548c\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n

              int sock;
              \nint value = 65535; \/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a64KB<\/p>\n

              \/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d1\u9001\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f
              \nsetsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char*)&value, sizeof(int));<\/p>\n

              \/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f
              \nsetsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char*)&value, sizeof(int));<\/p>\n

              \u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53c2\u6570，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u5408\u7406\u5229\u7528\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b，\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6027\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n

              7.1.2 \u5feb\u901f\u91cd\u4f20\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u786e\u8ba4\u673a\u5236 <\/h4>\n

              \u5feb\u901f\u91cd\u4f20\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u786e\u8ba4（SACK）\u673a\u5236\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u51cf\u5c11\u56e0\u4e22\u5305\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002 <\/p>\n

              \u5feb\u901f\u91cd\u4f20\u5141\u8bb8\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u5728\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4e22\u5305\u65f6\u7acb\u5373\u901a\u77e5\u53d1\u9001\u65b9，\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u7b49\u5f85\u91cd\u4f20\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u8d85\u65f6\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u786e\u8ba4\u5219\u5141\u8bb8\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u58f0\u660e\u54ea\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5df2\u6536\u5230，\u54ea\u4e9b\u672a\u6536\u5230，\u4f7f\u5f97\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u4ec5\u91cd\u4f20\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u3002 <\/p>\n

              7.2 \u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u7b97\u6cd5 <\/h3>\n

              \u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u907f\u514d\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u62e5\u585e，\u7ef4\u6301\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5408\u7406\u5229\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n

              7.2.1 \u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u539f\u7406\u548c\u5f71\u54cd <\/h4>\n

              TCP\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u56db\u79cd\u673a\u5236：\u6162\u5f00\u59cb\u3001\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d\u3001\u5feb\u91cd\u4f20\u548c\u5feb\u6062\u590d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\u7684\u53d1\u751f，\u6216\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u51cf\u8f7b\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u3002 <\/p>\n

              7.2.2 \u5b9e\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5 <\/h4>\n

              \u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u5408\u7406\u63a7\u5236\u53d1\u9001\u901f\u7387，\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8d85\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u5728\u6162\u5f00\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5，\u6bcf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2aRTT（\u5f80\u8fd4\u65f6\u95f4），\u53d1\u9001\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u52a0\u500d，\u76f4\u5230\u8fbe\u5230\u9608\u503cssthresh\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u8fbe\u5230\u8be5\u9608\u503c，\u5c31\u4f1a\u8f6c\u4e3a\u62e5\u585e\u907f\u514d\u7b97\u6cd5，\u4ee5\u7ebf\u6027\u589e\u52a0\u7a97\u53e3\u5927\u5c0f\u3002 <\/p>\n

              \u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u51b5\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u914d\u7f6eTCP\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u62e5\u585e\u63a7\u5236\u7b97\u6cd5，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u53d1\u6325\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387，\u63d0\u5347\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002 <\/p>\n

              \u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 \"menu-r.4af5f7ec.gif\" <\/p>\n

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