{"id":37429,"date":"2025-05-16T08:25:54","date_gmt":"2025-05-16T00:25:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/37429.html"},"modified":"2025-05-16T08:25:54","modified_gmt":"2025-05-16T00:25:54","slug":"go-%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80-net-http-%e5%8c%85%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%ef%bc%9ahttp-%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e3%80%81%e5%ae%a2%e6%88%b7%e7%ab%af%e4%b8%8e%e4%b8%ad%e9%97%b4%e4%bb%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/37429.html","title":{"rendered":"Go \u8bed\u8a00 net\/http \u5305\u4f7f\u7528\uff1aHTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6"},"content":{"rendered":"

Go \u8bed\u8a00\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684net\/http\u5305\u5341\u5206\u7684\u4f18\u79c0，\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u5b8c\u5584\u7684 HTTP \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0，\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u51e0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u642d\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684 HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684 go \u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684 web \u6846\u67b6，\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u5df2\u6709\u7684 http \u5305\u505a\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u4e0e\u4fee\u6539，\u56e0\u6b64，\u5341\u5206\u5efa\u8bae\u5b66\u4e60\u5176\u4ed6\u6846\u67b6\u524d\u6700\u597d\u5148\u884c\u638c\u63e1 http \u5305\u3002<\/p>\n

HTTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h2>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u521d\u6b65\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4ee5\u4e0bnet\/http\u5305\u7684\u4f7f\u7528，\u901a\u8fc7http.HandleFunc()\u548chttp.ListenAndServe()\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684Go web\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p>\n

package<\/span> main<\/p>\n

import<\/span> (<\/span>
\n "fmt"<\/span>
\n "net\/http"<\/span>
\n)<\/span><\/p>\n

func<\/span> helloHandler<\/span>(<\/span>w http.<\/span>ResponseWriter,<\/span> r *<\/span>http.<\/span>Request)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n fmt.<\/span>Fprintf<\/span>(<\/span>w,<\/span> "Hello, World!"<\/span>)<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

func<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n http.<\/span>HandleFunc<\/span>(<\/span>"\/hello"<\/span>,<\/span> helloHandler)<\/span>
\n fmt.<\/span>Println<\/span>(<\/span>"Server starting on port 8080…"<\/span>)<\/span>
\n http.<\/span>ListenAndServe<\/span>(<\/span>":8080"<\/span>,<\/span> nil<\/span>)<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8def\u7531\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n

http\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u8def\u7531\u6ce8\u518c\u65b9\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

\u5904\u7406\u5668\u51fd\u6570（HandlerFunc）：http.HandleFunc(pattern string, handler func(ResponseWriter, *Request))<\/p>\n

func<\/span> helloHandler<\/span>(<\/span>w http.<\/span>ResponseWriter,<\/span> r *<\/span>http.<\/span>Request)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n fmt.<\/span>Fprintf<\/span>(<\/span>w,<\/span> "Hello, World!"<\/span>)<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

http.<\/span>HandleFunc<\/span>(<\/span>"\/hello"<\/span>,<\/span> helloHandler)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u6700\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u63a5，\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8def\u7531\u903b\u8f91\u3002http.HandleFunc\u5185\u90e8\u4f1a\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aHandlerFunc\u7c7b\u578b，\u5b83\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86Handler\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5bf9\u8c61（Handler）：http.Handle(pattern string, handler Handler)<\/p>\n

type<\/span> CounterHandler struct<\/span> {<\/span>
\n count int<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

func<\/span> (<\/span>h *<\/span>CounterHandler)<\/span> ServeHTTP<\/span>(<\/span>w http.<\/span>ResponseWriter,<\/span> r *<\/span>http.<\/span>Request)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n h.<\/span>count++<\/span>
\n fmt.<\/span>Fprintf<\/span>(<\/span>w,<\/span> "Visitor count: %d"<\/span>,<\/span> h.<\/span>count)<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

handler :=<\/span> &<\/span>CounterHandler{<\/span>}<\/span>
\nhttp.<\/span>Handle<\/span>(<\/span>"\/counter"<\/span>,<\/span> handler)<\/span><\/p>\n

ServeMux\u8def\u7531<\/h3>\n

http.ServeMux\u662fGo\u9ed8\u8ba4\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u591a\u8def\u590d\u7528\u5668（\u8def\u7531\u5668），\u5b83\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86Handler\u63a5\u53e3，\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u8def\u7531\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f：<\/p>\n

  • \u6ce8\u518c\u8def\u7531\u65f6，\u5c06\u8def\u5f84\u6a21\u5f0f(pattern)\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5668(handler)\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u6620\u5c04\u4e2d<\/li>\n
  • \u6536\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6，\u6309\u7167\u6700\u957f\u5339\u914d\u539f\u5219\u67e5\u627e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668<\/li>\n
  • \u5982\u679c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d，\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u67e5\u627e\u5e26\u659c\u6760\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\n
  • \u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5219\u8fd4\u56de404\u9519\u8bef<\/li>\n

    mux :=<\/span> http.<\/span>NewServeMux<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
    \nmux.<\/span>HandleFunc<\/span>(<\/span>"\/products\/"<\/span>,<\/span> productsHandler)<\/span>
    \nmux.<\/span>HandleFunc<\/span>(<\/span>"\/articles\/"<\/span>,<\/span> articlesHandler)<\/span>
    \nmux.<\/span>HandleFunc<\/span>(<\/span>"\/"<\/span>,<\/span> indexHandler)<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u79cd\u8def\u7531\u8bbe\u8ba1\u867d\u7136\u7b80\u5355，\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8eRESTful API\u548c\u4f20\u7edfWeb\u5e94\u7528\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9700\u6c42，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8def\u7531\u5e93\u5982gorilla\/mux\u3002<\/p>\n

    HTTP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/h2>\n

    GET\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h3>\n

    resp,<\/span> err :=<\/span> http.<\/span>Get<\/span>(<\/span>"https:\/\/example.com"<\/span>)<\/span>
    \nif<\/span> err !=<\/span> nil<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef<\/span>
    \n}<\/span>
    \ndefer<\/span> resp.<\/span>Body.<\/span>Close<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    body,<\/span> err :=<\/span> io.<\/span>ReadAll<\/span>(<\/span>resp.<\/span>Body)<\/span>
    \nif<\/span> err !=<\/span> nil<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef<\/span>
    \n}<\/span>
    \nfmt.<\/span>Println<\/span>(<\/span>string<\/span>(<\/span>body)<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    POST\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h3>\n

    data :=<\/span> url.<\/span>Values{<\/span>}<\/span>
    \ndata.<\/span>Set<\/span>(<\/span>"key"<\/span>,<\/span> "value"<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    resp,<\/span> err :=<\/span> http.<\/span>PostForm<\/span>(<\/span>"https:\/\/example.com\/form"<\/span>,<\/span> data)<\/span>
    \nif<\/span> err !=<\/span> nil<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef<\/span>
    \n}<\/span>
    \ndefer<\/span> resp.<\/span>Body.<\/span>Close<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94…<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h3>\n

    req,<\/span> err :=<\/span> http.<\/span>NewRequest<\/span>(<\/span>"GET"<\/span>,<\/span> "https:\/\/example.com"<\/span>,<\/span> nil<\/span>)<\/span>
    \nif<\/span> err !=<\/span> nil<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    req.<\/span>Header.<\/span>Add<\/span>(<\/span>"Authorization"<\/span>,<\/span> "Bearer token123"<\/span>)<\/span>
    \nreq.<\/span>Header.<\/span>Add<\/span>(<\/span>"Content-Type"<\/span>,<\/span> "application\/json"<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    client :=<\/span> &<\/span>http.<\/span>Client{<\/span>
    \n Timeout:<\/span> time.<\/span>Second *<\/span> 10<\/span>,<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    resp,<\/span> err :=<\/span> client.<\/span>Do<\/span>(<\/span>req)<\/span>
    \nif<\/span> err !=<\/span> nil<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef<\/span>
    \n}<\/span>
    \ndefer<\/span> resp.<\/span>Body.<\/span>Close<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94…<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h2>\n

    \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u6a21\u5757\u5316HTTP\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002Go\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u5305\u88c5\u51fd\u6570，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u6838\u5fc3\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u6dfb\u52a0\u6a2a\u5207\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u57fa\u672c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n

    func<\/span> loggingMiddleware<\/span>(<\/span>next http.<\/span>Handler)<\/span> http.<\/span>Handler {<\/span>
    \n return<\/span> http.<\/span>HandlerFunc<\/span>(<\/span>func<\/span>(<\/span>w http.<\/span>ResponseWriter,<\/span> r *<\/span>http.<\/span>Request)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n start :=<\/span> time.<\/span>Now<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668<\/span>
    \n next.<\/span>ServeHTTP<\/span>(<\/span>w,<\/span> r)<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bf7\u6c42\u65e5\u5fd7<\/span>
    \n log.<\/span>Printf<\/span>(<\/span>
    \n "%s %s %s %v"<\/span>,<\/span>
    \n r.<\/span>Method,<\/span>
    \n r.<\/span>URL.<\/span>Path,<\/span>
    \n r.<\/span>RemoteAddr,<\/span>
    \n time.<\/span>Since<\/span>(<\/span>start)<\/span>,<\/span>
    \n )<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f：<\/p>\n

  • \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u63a5\u6536\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n
  • \u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668<\/li>\n
  • \u65b0\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5728\u6267\u884c\u539f\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u524d\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u529f\u80fd<\/li>\n

    \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u94fe<\/h3>\n

    \u591a\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e32\u8054\u5f62\u6210\u5904\u7406\u94fe：<\/p>\n

    func<\/span> authMiddleware<\/span>(<\/span>next http.<\/span>Handler)<\/span> http.<\/span>Handler {<\/span>
    \n return<\/span> http.<\/span>HandlerFunc<\/span>(<\/span>func<\/span>(<\/span>w http.<\/span>ResponseWriter,<\/span> r *<\/span>http.<\/span>Request)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n if<\/span> !<\/span>isAuthenticated<\/span>(<\/span>r)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n http.<\/span>Error<\/span>(<\/span>w,<\/span> "Unauthorized"<\/span>,<\/span> http.<\/span>StatusUnauthorized)<\/span>
    \n return<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>
    \n next.<\/span>ServeHTTP<\/span>(<\/span>w,<\/span> r)<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    func<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n mux :=<\/span> http.<\/span>NewServeMux<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n mux.<\/span>HandleFunc<\/span>(<\/span>"\/secure"<\/span>,<\/span> secureHandler)<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u6784\u5efa\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u94fe<\/span>
    \n handler :=<\/span> loggingMiddleware<\/span>(<\/span>authMiddleware<\/span>(<\/span>mux)<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    http.<\/span>ListenAndServe<\/span>(<\/span>":8080"<\/span>,<\/span> handler)<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u7684\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u4ece\u5916\u5230\u5185，\u5373\u5148\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u540e\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d，\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u5148\u7ecf\u8fc7\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55，\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4f20\u9012<\/h3>\n

    \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\u503c，\u8fd9\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528context.Context：<\/p>\n

    func<\/span> requestIDMiddleware<\/span>(<\/span>next http.<\/span>Handler)<\/span> http.<\/span>Handler {<\/span>
    \n return<\/span> http.<\/span>HandlerFunc<\/span>(<\/span>func<\/span>(<\/span>w http.<\/span>ResponseWriter,<\/span> r *<\/span>http.<\/span>Request)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n \/\/ \u751f\u6210\u552f\u4e00\u8bf7\u6c42ID<\/span>
    \n requestID :=<\/span> uuid.<\/span>New<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>String<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5e76\u5b58\u50a8\u8bf7\u6c42ID<\/span>
    \n ctx :=<\/span> context.<\/span>WithValue<\/span>(<\/span>r.<\/span>Context<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> "requestID"<\/span>,<\/span> requestID)<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u54cd\u5e94\u5934<\/span>
    \n w.<\/span>Header<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>Set<\/span>(<\/span>"X-Request-ID"<\/span>,<\/span> requestID)<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406<\/span>
    \n next.<\/span>ServeHTTP<\/span>(<\/span>w,<\/span> r.<\/span>WithContext<\/span>(<\/span>ctx)<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u5728\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u8bf7\u6c42ID<\/span>
    \nfunc<\/span> handler<\/span>(<\/span>w http.<\/span>ResponseWriter,<\/span> r *<\/span>http.<\/span>Request)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n requestID :=<\/span> r.<\/span>Context<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>Value<\/span>(<\/span>"requestID"<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>(<\/span>string<\/span>)<\/span>
    \n fmt.<\/span>Fprintf<\/span>(<\/span>w,<\/span> "Request ID: %s"<\/span>,<\/span> requestID)<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684，\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u95ee\u9898，\u662fGo\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u95f4\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u63a8\u8350\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599：<\/p>\n

    Golang \u4e2d\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\u6587\u6863 \u6807\u51c6\u5e93 http\u5305<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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