{"id":37364,"date":"2025-05-15T22:27:38","date_gmt":"2025-05-15T14:27:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/37364.html"},"modified":"2025-05-15T22:27:38","modified_gmt":"2025-05-15T14:27:38","slug":"tomcat%e4%b8%8e%e7%ba%af-java-socket-%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e8%bf%9c%e7%a8%8b%e9%80%9a%e4%bf%a1%e7%9a%84%e5%8c%ba%e5%88%ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/37364.html","title":{"rendered":"Tomcat\u4e0e\u7eaf Java Socket \u5b9e\u73b0\u8fdc\u7a0b\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u533a\u522b"},"content":{"rendered":"

Servlet \u5bb9\u5668\u200b\u200b（\u5982 Tomcat）<\/h3>\n

\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ba1\u7406 Servlet \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883，\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u5305\u62ec：<\/p>\n

\u200b\u200b\u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u6790\u200b\u200b：\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\/\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u534f\u8bae（\u5982\u62a5\u6587\u5934\u89e3\u6790\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u751f\u6210）； \u200b\u200b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7ba1\u7406\u200b\u200b：\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u7f6e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u5904\u7406\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u65e0\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b； \u200b\u200b\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u63a7\u5236\u200b\u200b：\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528 Servlet \u7684 init()\u3001service()\u3001destroy() \u65b9\u6cd5； \u200b\u200b\u8d44\u6e90\u5c01\u88c5\u200b\u200b：\u5c06\u539f\u59cb HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u5c01\u88c5\u4e3a HttpServletRequest \u5bf9\u8c61，\u7b80\u5316\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9700\u8981 Tomcat \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a \u200b\u200bWeb \u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u200b\u200b\u548c \u200b\u200bServlet \u5bb9\u5668\u200b\u200b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u80fd\u529b，\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1（IPC）\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u533a\u522b：<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001Tomcat \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd：Web \u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e Servlet \u5bb9\u5668 \u200b\u200b\u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u6790\u4e0e HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u200b\u200b Tomcat \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u804c\u8d23\u662f\u5904\u7406 \u200b\u200bHTTP \u534f\u8bae\u200b\u200b\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u4e0e\u54cd\u5e94，\u5305\u62ec\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u89e3\u6790\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7ba1\u7406\u3001SSL\/TLS \u52a0\u5bc6\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u590d\u6742\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u5b9e\u73b0，\u800c\u666e\u901a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1（\u5982 Socket）\u4ec5\u80fd\u4f20\u8f93\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e，\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u5904\u7406 HTTP \u534f\u8bae\u89c4\u8303\u3002 \u200b\u200bServlet \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ba1\u7406\u200b\u200b Tomcat \u4f5c\u4e3a Servlet \u5bb9\u5668，\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406 Servlet \u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u3001\u9500\u6bc1\u7b49\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u8fbe\u65f6，Tomcat \u4f1a\u5c06 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u5c01\u88c5\u4e3a HttpServletRequest \u5bf9\u8c61，\u5e76\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 doGet() \u6216 doPost() \u65b9\u6cd5，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u53ea\u9700\u5173\u6ce8\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91，\u65e0\u9700\u5904\u7406\u5e95\u5c42\u901a\u4fe1\u7ec6\u8282\u3002 \u200b\u200b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u4e0e\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u200b\u200b Tomcat \u5185\u7f6e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60，\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\u5904\u7406\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u800c\u666e\u901a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1（\u5982 Socket）\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u540c\u6b65\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u903b\u8f91\u3002 \u200b\u200b\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u72b6\u6001\u4fdd\u6301\u200b\u200b Tomcat \u652f\u6301 HTTP \u4f1a\u8bdd（Session）\u7ba1\u7406，\u901a\u8fc7 Cookie \u6216 URL \u91cd\u5199\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7528\u6237\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u82e5\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7 IPC \u901a\u4fe1，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9700\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f1a\u8bdd\u673a\u5236，\u589e\u52a0\u5f00\u53d1\u96be\u5ea6\u3002 \u200b\u200b\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u4e0e\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u200b\u200b Tomcat \u9075\u5faa Java Servlet \u89c4\u8303，\u4e0e Spring\u3001JSP \u7b49\u6280\u672f\u65e0\u7f1d\u96c6\u6210，\u652f\u6301 WebSocket\u3001JSP \u52a8\u6001\u9875\u9762\u6e32\u67d3\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f7f\u5f97 Web \u5e94\u7528\u5177\u5907\u8de8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1（IPC）\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027 \u200b\u200b\u529f\u80fd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0d\u540c\u200b\u200b IPC（\u5982 Socket\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58）\u662f\u901a\u7528\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u673a\u5236，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u200b\u200b\u4efb\u610f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u200b\u200b\u3002\u4f46 Web \u5e94\u7528\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u80fd\u529b（\u5982\u8def\u7531\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u6790\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u63a7\u5236），\u4ec5\u9760 IPC \u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002 \u200b\u200b\u5f00\u53d1\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9ad8\u200b\u200b \u82e5\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0 Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9700\u5904\u7406\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898： HTTP \u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u89e3\u6790（\u5982\u5206\u5757\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u957f\u8fde\u63a5）\u3002 \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u53d1\u4e0b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7ade\u4e89\u4e0e\u6b7b\u9501\u3002 SSL\/TLS \u52a0\u5bc6\u4e0e\u8bc1\u4e66\u7ba1\u7406\u3002 \u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u670d\u52a1\u4e0e\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u3002 \u200b\u200b\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u6311\u6218\u200b\u200b Tomcat \u901a\u8fc7 \u200b\u200bNIO（\u975e\u963b\u585e I\/O）\u200b\u200b\u3001\u200b\u200b\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u4f18\u5316\u200b\u200b\u3001\u200b\u200b\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u200b\u200b\u7b49\u673a\u5236\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd，\u800c\u81ea\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684 IPC \u670d\u52a1\u901a\u5e38\u96be\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u540c\u7b49\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001Tomcat \u4e0e IPC \u7684\u5173\u7cfb：\u534f\u4f5c\u800c\u975e\u66ff\u4ee3 \u200b\u200bTomcat \u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528 IPC \u6280\u672f\u200b\u200b Tomcat \u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u901a\u4fe1（\u5982\u5904\u7406 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42）\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e Socket \u548c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60，\u4f46\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\u200b\u200b\u5bf9\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u4e0e\u62bd\u8c61\u200b\u200b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，Tomcat \u7684 Connector \u7ec4\u4ef6\u901a\u8fc7 Socket \u63a5\u6536\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u6790\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a Servlet \u53ef\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002 \u200b\u200b\u7279\u5b9a\u573a\u666f\u7684 IPC \u8865\u5145\u200b\u200b \u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d，Tomcat \u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1（\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u7f13\u5b58）\u901a\u8fc7 IPC \u6216 RPC \u901a\u4fe1，\u4f46 Tomcat \u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u4f9b Web \u5c42\u7684\u80fd\u529b，\u800c\u975e\u66ff\u4ee3\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u9700\u6c42\u3002 \u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3：\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981 Tomcat？ \u200b\u200b\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u200b\u200b：Tomcat \u5c4f\u853d\u4e86 HTTP \u534f\u8bae\u548c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4e1a\u52a1\u4ee3\u7801\u3002 \u200b\u200b\u6027\u80fd\u4fdd\u969c\u200b\u200b：\u5185\u7f6e\u4f18\u5316\u673a\u5236（\u5982\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u3001NIO）\u786e\u4fdd\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002 \u200b\u200b\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u652f\u6301\u200b\u200b：\u517c\u5bb9 Servlet\/JSP \u89c4\u8303，\u65e0\u7f1d\u96c6\u6210 Spring \u7b49\u4e3b\u6d41\u6846\u67b6\u3002 \u200b\u200b\u529f\u80fd\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u200b\u200b：\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u670d\u52a1\u7b49 Web \u5e94\u7528\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002 \u82e5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u5b9e\u73b0 Web \u670d\u52a1，\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u91cd\u590d\u9020\u8f6e\u5b50，\u4e14\u96be\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230 Tomcat \u7684\u6210\u719f\u5ea6\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，Tomcat \u662f Java Web \u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee3\u7801\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h3>\n

\u7eaf Java Socket \u5b9e\u73b0\u8fdc\u7a0b\u901a\u4fe1\u200b<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u670d\u52a1\u7aef（\u624b\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u7ebf\u7a0b）<\/span>
\npublic<\/span> class<\/span> SocketServer<\/span> {<\/span>
\n public<\/span> static<\/span> void<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>[<\/span>]<\/span> args)<\/span> throws<\/span> IOException<\/span> {<\/span>
\n ServerSocket<\/span> serverSocket =<\/span> new<\/span> ServerSocket<\/span>(<\/span>8080<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n while<\/span> (<\/span>true<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n Socket<\/span> clientSocket =<\/span> serverSocket.<\/span>accept<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n new<\/span> Thread<\/span>(<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> -><\/span> {<\/span>
\n try<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ \u624b\u52a8\u89e3\u6790 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42<\/span>
\n BufferedReader<\/span> reader =<\/span> new<\/span> BufferedReader<\/span>(<\/span>new<\/span> InputStreamReader<\/span>(<\/span>clientSocket.<\/span>getInputStream<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n String<\/span> requestLine =<\/span> reader.<\/span>readLine<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n String<\/span>[<\/span>]<\/span> parts =<\/span> requestLine.<\/span>split<\/span>(<\/span>" "<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u89e3\u6790\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u7b49<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u624b\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u54cd\u5e94<\/span>
\n String<\/span> response =<\/span> "HTTP\/1.1 200 OK\\\\r\\\\nContent-Type: text\/plain\\\\r\\\\n\\\\r\\\\nHello from Socket"<\/span>;<\/span>
\n clientSocket.<\/span>getOutputStream<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>write<\/span>(<\/span>response.<\/span>getBytes<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n clientSocket.<\/span>close<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span> catch<\/span> (<\/span>IOException<\/span> e)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n e.<\/span>printStackTrace<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>start<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/span>
\npublic<\/span> class<\/span> SocketClient<\/span> {<\/span>
\n public<\/span> static<\/span> void<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>[<\/span>]<\/span> args)<\/span> throws<\/span> IOException<\/span> {<\/span>
\n Socket<\/span> socket =<\/span> new<\/span> Socket<\/span>(<\/span>"localhost"<\/span>,<\/span> 8080<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n OutputStream<\/span> out =<\/span> socket.<\/span>getOutputStream<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n out.<\/span>write<\/span>(<\/span>"GET \/hello HTTP\/1.1\\\\r\\\\nHost: localhost\\\\r\\\\n\\\\r\\\\n"<\/span>.<\/span>getBytes<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

BufferedReader<\/span> reader =<\/span> new<\/span> BufferedReader<\/span>(<\/span>new<\/span> InputStreamReader<\/span>(<\/span>socket.<\/span>getInputStream<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n String<\/span> line;<\/span>
\n while<\/span> (<\/span>(<\/span>line =<\/span> reader.<\/span>readLine<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> !=<\/span> null<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>line)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u624b\u52a8\u89e3\u6790\u54cd\u5e94<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u200bTomcat \u5bb9\u5668\u4e0b\u7684 Servlet \u5b9e\u73b0\u200b<\/h3>\n

\/\/ Servlet \u7c7b（Tomcat \u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u7ebf\u7a0b）<\/span>
\n@WebServlet<\/span>(<\/span>"\/hello"<\/span>)<\/span>
\npublic<\/span> class<\/span> HelloServlet<\/span> extends<\/span> HttpServlet<\/span> {<\/span>
\n @Override<\/span>
\n protected<\/span> void<\/span> doGet<\/span>(<\/span>HttpServletRequest<\/span> req,<\/span> HttpServletResponse<\/span> resp)<\/span> {<\/span>
\n \/\/ Tomcat \u81ea\u52a8\u5c01\u88c5\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\u5230 req \u5bf9\u8c61<\/span>
\n String<\/span> name =<\/span> req.<\/span>getParameter<\/span>(<\/span>"name"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61（\u65e0\u9700\u5904\u7406\u534f\u8bae\u7ec6\u8282）<\/span>
\n resp.<\/span>setContentType<\/span>(<\/span>"text\/plain"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n resp.<\/span>getWriter<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>write<\/span>(<\/span>"Hello "<\/span> +<\/span> name)<\/span>;<\/span>
\n }<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee：http:\/\/localhost:8080\/hello?name=World<\/span><\/p>\n

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