{"id":36620,"date":"2025-05-11T07:31:07","date_gmt":"2025-05-10T23:31:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/36620.html"},"modified":"2025-05-11T07:31:07","modified_gmt":"2025-05-10T23:31:07","slug":"%e3%80%90linux%e3%80%91%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b%e6%8e%a7%e5%88%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/36620.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010Linux\u3011\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&#x1f4dd;\u524d\u8a00&#xff1a; \u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bb2\u8bb2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n<p>&#x1f3ac;\u4e2a\u4eba\u7b80\u4ecb&#xff1a;\u52aa\u529b\u5b66\u4e60ing &#x1f4cb;\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e13\u680f&#xff1a;Linux &#x1f380;CSDN\u4e3b\u9875 \u611a\u6da6\u6c42\u5b66 &#x1f304;\u5176\u4ed6\u4e13\u680f&#xff1a;C&#043;&#043;\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0&#xff0c;C\u8bed\u8a00\u5165\u95e8\u57fa\u7840&#xff0c;python\u5165\u95e8\u57fa\u7840&#xff0c;C&#043;&#043;\u5237\u9898\u4e13\u680f<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8c&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec8\u6b62<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>&#xff08;1&#xff09;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u573a\u666f<\/li>\n<li>&#xff08;2&#xff09;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e38\u89c1\u9000\u51fa\u65b9\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9000\u51fa\u7801<\/li>\n<li>exit\u548c_exit<\/li>\n<li>return<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e09&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85&#xff08;\u91cd\u70b9&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>&#xff08;1&#xff09;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u610f\u4e49<\/li>\n<li>&#xff08;2&#xff09;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>wait \u548c waitpid<\/li>\n<li>\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u548c\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85<\/li>\n<li>\u8f93\u51fa\u578b\u53c2\u6570wstatus<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528 &#096;WNOHANG&#096; \u9009\u9879\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u56db&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5207\u6362&#xff08;\u91cd\u70b9&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>&#xff08;1&#xff09;\u66ff\u6362\u539f\u7406<\/li>\n<li>&#xff08;2&#xff09;\u516d\u4e2a\u66ff\u6362\u5e93\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>execl\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<li>\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5207\u6362\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5e26p\u7684<\/li>\n<li>\u5e26v\u7684<\/li>\n<li>\u5e26e\u7684<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>putenv\u6dfb\u52a0\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>&#xff08;3&#xff09;\u5207\u6362\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528<\/li>\n<li>&#xff08;4&#xff09;\u603b\u7ed3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u4e00&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>fork&#xff1a;\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6982\u5ff5&#xff08;\u4e8c&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u610f\u4e49&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u2f00\u4e2a\u2f57\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e0c\u671b\u590d\u5236\u81ea\u5df1&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42&#xff0c;\u2f63\u6210\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>fork\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u539f\u56e0\n<ul>\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u9645\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u9650\u5236<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u4e8c&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec8\u6b62<\/h2>\n<h3>&#xff08;1&#xff09;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u679c\u6b63\u786e<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee3\u7801\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4ee5main\u51fd\u6570\u4e3a\u4f8b&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0a\u9762\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fd0\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u679c\u6b63\u786e&#xff1a;\u8fd4\u56de0<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd0\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5&#xff0c;\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e&#xff1a;\u8fd4\u56de\u975e\u96f6\u503c<\/li>\n<li>\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62&#xff1a;\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u65e0\u610f\u4e49&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7&#xff08;\u4fe1\u53f7\u7528\u6765\u53cd\u6620\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e5f\u53eb\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u3002&#xff08;\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u4f20\u8fbe\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001&#xff09;<\/p>\n<h3>&#xff08;2&#xff09;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e38\u89c1\u9000\u51fa\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<p>\u6b63\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62&#xff08;\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u6709\u610f\u4e49&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de return<\/li>\n<li>\u8c03\u7528 exit<\/li>\n<li>_exit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62&#xff08;\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u65e0\u610f\u4e49&#xff09;&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u5982ctrl &#043; c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u9000\u51fa\u7801<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u610f\u4e49&#xff1a;\u9000\u51fa\u7801&#xff08;\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001&#xff09;\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u540e\u2f00\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u72b6\u6001<\/li>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u9000\u51fa\u7801&#xff1a;echo $?&#xff0c;?\u4f1a\u5b58\u50a8\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801<\/li>\n<li>Linux Shell \u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9000\u51fa\u7801&#xff08;\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 strerror\u51fd\u6570\u67e5\u770b\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u63cf\u8ff0&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello world\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250510233105-681fe1b949c00.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5728 Linux Shell \u91cc&#xff0c;\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u80fd\u591f\u53cd\u6620\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4e3a\u4f60\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u53ca\u5176\u542b\u4e49&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u542b\u4e49\u793a\u4f8b\u60c5\u51b5<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>\u6210\u529f<\/td>\n<td>\u547d\u4ee4\u6b63\u5e38\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5&#xff0c;\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;ls \u547d\u4ee4\u6210\u529f\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u4e00\u822c\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n<td>\u5927\u591a\u6570\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u9047\u5230\u975e\u7279\u5b9a\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u6b64\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u547d\u4ee4\u8bed\u6cd5\u6709\u8bef\u3001\u7f3a\u5c11\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7b49\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u8bef\u7528 Shell \u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n<td>\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u7684 Shell \u547d\u4ee4\u9009\u9879\u6216\u8005\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 cd \u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u8f93\u5165\u4e86\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>126<\/td>\n<td>\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0d\u53ef\u6267\u884c<\/td>\n<td>\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u7684\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>127<\/td>\n<td>\u547d\u4ee4\u672a\u627e\u5230<\/td>\n<td>\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684 PATH \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8f93\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u62fc\u5199\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>128<\/td>\n<td>\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u53c2\u6570<\/td>\n<td>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 exit \u547d\u4ee4\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f20\u9012\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;exit abc \u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>128 &#043; N<\/td>\n<td>\u56e0\u4fe1\u53f7 N \u5bfc\u81f4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec8\u6b62<\/td>\n<td>\u5f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u800c\u7ec8\u6b62\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u4e3a 128 \u52a0\u4e0a\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u63a5\u6536\u5230 SIGTERM&#xff08;\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7 15&#xff09;\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u4e3a 143&#xff08;128 &#043; 15&#xff09;\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>255<\/td>\n<td>\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u8d85\u51fa\u8303\u56f4<\/td>\n<td>\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u662f 0 &#8211; 255&#xff0c;\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528 exit \u547d\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u8d85\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u4f1a\u88ab\u622a\u65ad\u4e3a 255\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;exit 300 \u5b9e\u9645\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u4e3a 255\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>exit\u548c_exit<\/h4>\n<p>exit\u548c_exit\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u6765\u9000\u51fa\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684&#xff0c;\u7528\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">exit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>\u9000\u51fa\u7801<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5934\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;&lt;stdlib.h&gt;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">_exit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>\u9000\u51fa\u7801<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5934\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;&lt;unistd.h&gt;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u533a\u522b\u662f&#xff1a; exit&#xff1a;\u4f1a\u5bf9C\u8bed\u8a00\u7f13\u5b58\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u5237\u65b0&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3aexit\u662fC\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5e93\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;_exit\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3002exit\u5bf9_exit\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5c01\u88c5\u3002 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250510233105-681fe1b955af5.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165 -1&#xff1a;exit(1)&#xff0c;\u6700\u540eecho $?\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u662f255&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3astatus\u53ea\u6709\u540e\u516b\u4f4d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6240\u7528\u3002&#xff08;\u5728\u540e\u9762\u7684wait\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u7406\u89e3&#xff09;<\/p>\n<h4>return<\/h4>\n<p>\u6267\u884creturn n\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u6267\u884cexit(n),\u56e0\u4e3a\u8c03\u7528main\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u5c06\u00b7main\u00b7\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5f53\u505aexit\u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e09&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85&#xff08;\u91cd\u70b9&#xff09;<\/h2>\n<h3>&#xff08;1&#xff09;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u610f\u4e49<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6709\u50f5\u5c38\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740PCB\u548c\u9000\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f&#xff08;\u5fd8\u8bb0\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b&#xff1a;\u3010Linux\u3011\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u2f57\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff0c;\u56de\u6536\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u83b7\u53d6\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39&#xff0c;\u7b49\u5f85\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u50f5\u5c38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>&#xff08;2&#xff09;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<h4>wait \u548c waitpid<\/h4>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250510233105-681fe1b97804d.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5148\u8bb2\u5404\u81ea\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>wait&#xff08;\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85&#xff09;&#xff1a;pid_t wait(int *wstatus);<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5934\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;&lt;sys\/types.h&gt; \u548c &lt;sys\/wait.h&gt;<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b49\u5f85\u6210\u529f&#xff1a;\u8fd4\u56de \u88ab\u7b49\u5f85\u8fdb\u7a0bpid<\/li>\n<li>\u7b49\u5f85\u5931\u8d25&#xff1a;\u8fd4\u56de -1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;\u8f93\u51fa\u578b\u53c2\u6570wstatus&#xff0c;\u83b7\u53d6\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001,\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6210\u4e3aNULL<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>waitpid&#xff1a;pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int *wstatus, int options);<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>options&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a0&#xff1a;\u9009\u62e9\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85<\/li>\n<li>WNOHANG&#xff1a;\u9009\u62e9\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85&#xff08;\u6b64\u65f6\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>pid&#xff1a;\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u53d6\u503c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>pid &gt; 0&#xff1a;\u7b49\u5f85\u8fdb\u7a0b ID \u7b49\u4e8e pid \u7684\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>pid &#061;&#061; -1&#xff1a;\u7b49\u5f85\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u6b64\u65f6 waitpid \u4e0e wait \u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>wstatus&#xff1a;\u8f93\u51fa\u578b\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u578b\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u7528\u6765\u53cd\u6620\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001&#xff08;\u540e\u9762\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6210\u529f&#xff1a;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b ID<\/li>\n<li>\u5931\u8d25&#xff1a;\u5c0f\u4e8e 0<\/li>\n<li>WNOHANG \u9009\u9879\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa&#xff1a;\u8fd4\u56de 0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u518d\u8bb2\u4f7f\u7528\u5171\u6027&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ecf\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528wait\/waitpid\u65f6&#xff0c;wait\/waitpid\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u8fd4\u56de&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u83b7\u5f97\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4efb\u610f\u65f6\u523b\u8c03\u7528wait\/waitpid&#xff0c;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u5219\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u963b\u585e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8be5\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u5219\u7acb\u5373\u51fa\u9519\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u548c\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85&#xff1a;\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u76f4\u5230\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u6709\u70b9\u50cfscanf\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u8f93\u5165<\/li>\n<li>\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85&#xff1a;\u91c7\u7528\u975e\u963b\u585e\u8f6e\u8be2\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff08;\u5373&#xff1a;\u4e0d\u65ad&#xff08;\u5faa\u73af&#xff09;\u68c0\u67e5\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u9000\u51fa\u4e86&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0d\u7acb\u5373\u8fdb\u5165\u963b\u585e\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u8f93\u51fa\u578b\u53c2\u6570wstatus<\/h4>\n<p>wstatus\u7528\u6765\u53cd\u6620\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aint\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f53\u505a\u6574\u578b\u770b\u5f85&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u56fe\u3002&#xff08;wstatus\u662fOS\u4ece\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684PCB\u91cc\u9762\u62ff\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u5230\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u578b\u53c2\u6570wstatus\u7684&#xff09;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>wstatus\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li>32\u4e2abit\u4f4d\u4e3b\u8981\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u6210\u56db\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\n<ul>\n<li>[31, 16]&#xff1a;\u524d16\u4e2a\u9ad8bit\u4f4d\u65e0\u7528&#xff0c;\u540e16\u4e2a\u4f4ebit\u4f4d\u624d\u6709\u7528<\/li>\n<li>[15, 8]&#xff1a;\u8868\u793a\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001&#xff0c;\u5373\u9000\u51fa\u7801&#xff08;\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62\u3001\u88ab\u4fe1\u53f7\u6240\u6740&#xff0c;\u5219\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u65e0\u610f\u4e49&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>[7]&#xff1a;core dump\u6807\u5fd7<\/li>\n<li>[6, 0]&#xff1a;\u7ec8\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u663e\u793a\u6b63\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u7ec8\u6b62\u65f6&#xff0c;\u540e16\u4f4d\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f&#xff1a; <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250510233105-681fe1b987e05.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u6bd4\u5982&#xff0c;\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001&#xff1a;(status &gt;&gt; 8) &amp; 0xff&#xff0c;\u83b7\u5f97\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7&#xff1a;status &amp; 0x7f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b8f&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>WEXITSTATUS(status)&#xff1a;\u83b7\u53d6\u6b63\u5e38\u9000\u51fa\u65f6\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u7801<\/li>\n<li>WTERMSIG(status)&#xff1a;\u83b7\u53d6\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec8\u6b62\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n<p>\u7b49\u5f85\u6307\u5b9a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ec8\u6b62\u5e76\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\u548c\u5b8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u83b7\u53d6\u9000\u51fa\u7801\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7 \u6b63\u5e38\u4ee3\u7801&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;unistd.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/types.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/wait.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span> pid <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">fork<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>pid <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">perror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;fork&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>pid <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">sleep<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">exit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">42<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> status<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span> result <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">waitpid<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>pid<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>result <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token function\">perror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;waitpid&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">WIFEXITED<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u6b63\u5e38\u9000\u51fa<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><\/p>\n<p>                <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u5b8f\u83b7\u53d6\u9000\u51fa\u7801<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u5e38\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801: %d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">WEXITSTATUS<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>                <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u83b7\u5f97\u9000\u51fa\u7801<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u5e38\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801&#xff1a;%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>status <span class=\"token operator\">&gt;&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">8<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0xff<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">WIFSIGNALED<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><\/p>\n<p>                <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7528\u4fe1\u53f7\u6740\u6389\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c\u83b7\u53d6\u5f02\u5e38\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u7801<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f02\u5e38\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u9000\u51fa\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7&#xff1a;%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> status <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0x7f<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>                <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7528\u5b8f\u83b7\u53d6\u5f02\u5e38\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u7801<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f02\u5e38\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u9000\u51fa\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7&#xff1a;%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">WTERMSIG<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u5e38\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801: 42<br \/>\n\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u5e38\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801&#xff1a;42<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u91cc\u9762\u8fdb\u884c  \/ 0\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u5b83\u5f02\u5e38\u9000\u51fa&#xff1a; \u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f02\u5e38\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u9000\u51fa\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7&#xff1a;8<br \/>\n\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f02\u5e38\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u9000\u51fa\u4fe1\u53f7\u7f16\u53f7&#xff1a;8<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u8ba9\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u8ba9\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0bsleep\u51e0\u79d2\u518d\u7b49\u5f85\u5230&#xff0c;\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u5316&#xff0c;\u4eceZ\u5230\u5f7b\u5e95\u7ed3\u675f <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250510233105-681fe1b99f2ab.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<h5>\u4f7f\u7528 WNOHANG \u9009\u9879\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85<\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/types.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/wait.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;unistd.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span> pid <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">fork<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>pid <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">perror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;fork&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>pid <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">sleep<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">5<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">exit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> status<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span> result<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">do<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            result <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">waitpid<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>pid<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> WNOHANG<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>result <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd8\u5728\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u7ee7\u7eed\u505a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5&#8230;\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">sleep<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">while<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>result <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>result <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token function\">perror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;waitpid&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">WIFEXITED<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u5e38\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801: %d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">WEXITSTATUS<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd8\u5728\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u7ee7\u7eed\u505a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5&#8230;<br \/>\n\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd8\u5728\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u7ee7\u7eed\u505a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5&#8230;<br \/>\n\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd8\u5728\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u7ee7\u7eed\u505a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5&#8230;<br \/>\n\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd8\u5728\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u7ee7\u7eed\u505a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5&#8230;<br \/>\n\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd8\u5728\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u7ee7\u7eed\u505a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u60c5&#8230;<br \/>\n\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6b63\u5e38\u9000\u51fa&#xff0c;\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801: 0<\/p>\n<h2>\u56db&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5207\u6362&#xff08;\u91cd\u70b9&#xff09;<\/h2>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5207\u6362\u662f\u5229\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u7684exec*\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0&#xff1a;\u5728\u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>&#xff08;1&#xff09;\u66ff\u6362\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n<p>\u4ee5execl\u4e3a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728fork()\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b a<\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u8c03\u7528execl\u8fdb\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5207\u6362<\/li>\n<li> execl\u5e76\u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u628a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u65b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6765\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e&#xff08;\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a&#xff0c;\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d&#xff0c;\u4ee3\u7801\u4e5f\u4f1a&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u5f53execl\u5207\u6362\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u5219\u539f\u6765\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6267\u884c\u4e86<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>execl\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6210\u529f\u65f6\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de<\/li>\n<li>\u5931\u8d25\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8fd4\u56de&#xff1a;-1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> ret <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">fork<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ret <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ child<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u8fd9\u662f\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b, PID\u662f:%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><span class=\"token function\">getpid<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034; \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5207\u6362&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528ls\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">execl<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\/usr\/bin\/ls&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;ls&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;-a&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;-l&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5982\u679c\u5207\u6362\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u6761\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">exit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">42<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">waitpid<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ret<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1a; <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250510233105-681fe1b9b2654.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/> \u4e0b\u9762\u5177\u4f53\u8bb2\u89e3\u66ff\u6362\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>&#xff08;2&#xff09;\u516d\u4e2a\u66ff\u6362\u5e93\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<h4>execl\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;unistd.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">execl<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>path<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>path&#xff1a;\u4f20\u5165\u8981\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8def\u5f84&#xff08;\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84&#xff09; &#043; \u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d<\/li>\n<li>arg&#xff1a;\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8c03\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff08;\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4&#xff09;\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u600e\u4e48\u5199&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u600e\u4e48\u5199<\/li>\n<li>\u6ce8\u610f&#xff1a;arg\u6700\u540e\u8981\u591a\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2aNULL&#xff0c;\u5373\u4ee5 NULL\u7ed3\u5c3e&#xff0c;\u8868\u793a\u53c2\u6570\u5b8c\u6210\u4f20\u9012\u3002&#xff08;\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2aarg\u6700\u540e\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u201d&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>path\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;\u6211\u8981\u6267\u884c\u8c01&#xff1f; arg&#xff1a;\u6211\u8981\u600e\u4e48\u6267\u884c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5982&#xff1a;\u8c03\u7528ls&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">execl<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\/usr\/bin\/ls&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;ls&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;-a&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;-l&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5207\u6362\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">execlp<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>file<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">execle<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>path<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>arg<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> envp<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">execv<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>path<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">execvp<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>file<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">execve<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>path<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> envp<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u5927\u540c\u5c0f\u5f02&#xff0c;\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8eexec*<\/p>\n<h5>\u5e26p\u7684<\/h5>\n<p>\u5148\u8bb2p&#xff0c;\u5982&#xff1a;execlp \u6709p\u4ee3\u8868&#xff0c;\u8def\u5f84\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6709\u7f3a\u7701&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f3a\u7701\u503c\u662fPATH\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u6267\u884cPATH\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u91cc\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u4f20\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d \u5982&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">execlp<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;ls&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;ls&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;-a&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;-l&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>\u5e26v\u7684<\/h5>\n<p>\u518d\u8bb2v&#xff0c;v\u548cl\u76f8\u5bf9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>l&#xff1a;list&#xff0c;\u4ee3\u8868\u50cf\u5217\u8868\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<li>v&#xff1a;vector&#xff0c;\u4ee3\u8868\u50cf\u6570\u7ec4\u4e00\u6837\u4f20\u9012\u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<li>v&#xff1a;\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u4f20\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4&#xff08;\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u8868&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u91cc\u9762\u5b58\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u8981\u4ee5NULL\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3001<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;ls&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;-a&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;-l&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">execvp<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;ls&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>\u5e26e\u7684<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>e\u4ee3\u8868&#xff1a;envp\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868&#xff0c;\u6709e\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u4f20\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868&#xff08;\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u6ce8\u610f\u8981\u4ee5&#xff1a;NULL\u7ed3\u5c3e&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u884c\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6765\u4ece\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> ret <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">fork<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ret <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ child<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;printenv&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> envp<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;PATH&#061;\/bin:\/usr\/bin&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;TERM&#061;console&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u8fd9\u662f\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b, PID\u662f:%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><span class=\"token function\">getpid<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034; \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5207\u6362&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528 printenv \u67e5\u770b\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">execve<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\/usr\/bin\/printenv&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> envp<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5982\u679c\u5207\u6362\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u6761\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">exit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">42<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">waitpid<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ret<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1a; <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250510233105-681fe1b9bf7ec.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/> \u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u786e\u5b9e\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u4e86<\/p>\n<h6>putenv\u6dfb\u52a0\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h6>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u8981\u5728\u539f\u6765\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u8bdd&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528&#xff1a; putenv()\u6765\u65b0\u589e&#xff1a;\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u6539\u7684\u662f\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cfenviron\u6307\u5411\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6570\u7ec4<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de0&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u975e0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> ret <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">fork<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ret <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ child<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;printenv&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">putenv<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;NEWVALUE&#061;123456&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">!&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n                        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u8fd9\u662f\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b, PID\u662f:%d\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><span class=\"token function\">getpid<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034; \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5207\u6362&#xff0c;\u8c03\u7528 printenv \u67e5\u770b\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token keyword\">extern<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> environ<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">execve<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\/usr\/bin\/printenv&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> environ<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u5982\u679c\u5207\u6362\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u6761\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">exit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">42<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">waitpid<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>ret<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token constant\">NULL<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c&#xff1a; <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250510233105-681fe1b9c9f3f.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" 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