{"id":36539,"date":"2025-05-10T17:56:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-10T09:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/36539.html"},"modified":"2025-05-10T17:56:00","modified_gmt":"2025-05-10T09:56:00","slug":"apache-tomcat-8-5-24-web%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e5%ae%9e%e8%b7%b5%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/36539.html","title":{"rendered":"Apache Tomcat 8.5.24 Web\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b9e\u8df5\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 \"menu-r.4af5f7ec.gif\" <\/p>\n

\u7b80\u4ecb：Apache Tomcat 8.5.24\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5f00\u6e90Java Web\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u5b83\u652f\u6301Servlet\u3001JSP\u548c\u90e8\u5206Java EE\u89c4\u8303，\u63d0\u4f9b\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u672c\u6307\u5357\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Tomcat\u8fdb\u884c\u5e94\u7528\u90e8\u7f72\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u53c2\u4e0e\u793e\u533a\u4ea4\u6d41，\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4Web\u670d\u52a1\u3002 <\/p>\n

1. Java Servlet\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5 <\/h2>\n

1.1 Servlet\u6280\u672f\u6982\u8ff0 <\/h3>\n

Java Servlet\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684Java\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u57fa\u4e8eJava\u6280\u672f\u7684web\u7ec4\u4ef6，\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3aJava EE\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u4e00，Servlet\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u52a8\u6001web\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 <\/p>\n

1.2 Servlet\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7ba1\u7406 <\/h3>\n

Servlet\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u9636\u6bb5\u7ec4\u6210：\u521d\u59cb\u5316（init）\u3001\u670d\u52a1（service）\u3001\u548c\u9500\u6bc1（destroy）\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9636\u6bb5，Servlet\u5bb9\u5668\u52a0\u8f7dServlet\u7c7b，\u5e76\u8c03\u7528init\u65b9\u6cd5；\u670d\u52a1\u9636\u6bb5，Servlet\u63a5\u6536\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u8c03\u7528service\u65b9\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42；\u6700\u540e，\u5f53Web\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5173\u95ed\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6，Servlet\u5bb9\u5668\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528destroy\u65b9\u6cd5，Servlet\u5b9e\u4f8b\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\u3002 <\/p>\n

1.3 Servlet\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u5e94\u7528 <\/h3>\n

\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d，Servlet\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42，\u751f\u6210\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627fjavax.servlet.http.HttpServlet\u7c7b\u5e76\u91cd\u5199doGet\u6216doPost\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684Servlet\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684Servlet\u6765\u54cd\u5e94HTTP GET\u8bf7\u6c42： <\/p>\n

import javax.servlet.*;
\nimport javax.servlet.http.*;
\nimport java.io.IOException;<\/p>\n

public class SimpleServlet extends HttpServlet {
\n @Override
\n protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
\n response.setContentType("text\/html;charset=UTF-8");
\n response.getWriter().println("<h1>Hello, World!<\/h1>");
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a SimpleServlet \u7684\u7c7b，\u5b83\u91cd\u5199\u4e86 doGet \u65b9\u6cd5，\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406HTTP GET\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684HTML\u54cd\u5e94\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9，\u8bfb\u8005\u5c06\u4e86\u89e3\u5230Servlet\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5e94\u7528，\u5e76\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u5728web\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e0eServlet\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684JavaServer Pages (JSP) \u6280\u672f\u3002 <\/p>\n

2. JavaServer Pages (JSP) \u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u5f00\u53d1 <\/h2>\n

2.1 JSP\u57fa\u7840\u6280\u672f <\/h3>\n

2.1.1 JSP\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f <\/h4>\n

JavaServer Pages (JSP) \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6280\u672f，\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5c06Java\u4ee3\u7801\u5d4c\u5165\u5230HTML\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u3002JSP\u9875\u9762\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5： <\/p>\n

  • \u7ffb\u8bd1 ：\u5f53JSP\u9875\u9762\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6，JSP\u5f15\u64ce\u5c06JSP\u6587\u4ef6\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210Servlet\u7c7b\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 <\/li>\n
  • \u7f16\u8bd1 ：\u7ffb\u8bd1\u540e\u7684Servlet\u7c7b\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u7f16\u8bd1\u6210.class\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 <\/li>\n
  • \u52a0\u8f7d\u548c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316 ：JVM\u52a0\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316Servlet\u7c7b\u3002 <\/li>\n
  • \u521d\u59cb\u5316 ：\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528Servlet\u7684 init() \u65b9\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002 <\/li>\n
  • \u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42 ：\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5230\u8fbe\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42，Servlet\u5f15\u64ce\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/li>\n
  • \u9500\u6bc1 ：\u5f53Web\u5e94\u7528\u505c\u6b62\u6216\u8005\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5173\u95ed\u65f6，Servlet\u7684 destroy() \u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u8c03\u7528，\u968f\u540e\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u5668\u4f1a\u56de\u6536\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002 <\/li>\n

    \u5728JSP 2.0\u548c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e2d，\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u6ce8\u91ca\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5 <%– … –%> ，\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728JSP\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u4fe1\u606f，\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002 <\/p>\n

    <%@ page contentType="text\/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    \n<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
    \n<%
    \n\/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u5757
    \nDate now = new Date();
    \n%>
    \n<html>
    \n<head>
    \n <title>\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4<\/title>
    \n<\/head>
    \n<body>
    \n <h1>\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4\u662f：<%= now.toString() %><\/h1>
    \n<\/body>
    \n<\/html><\/p>\n

    \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684JSP\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 <%@ page … %> \u6307\u4ee4\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7f16\u7801\u7b49\u5c5e\u6027， <% … %> \u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4\u7684Java\u4ee3\u7801\u3002 <\/p>\n

    2.1.2 JSP\u9875\u9762\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0e\u52a8\u4f5c <\/h4>\n

    JSP\u9875\u9762\u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u9875\u9762\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027，\u4f8b\u5982\u5185\u5bb9\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u9875\u9762\u3001\u7f13\u51b2\u9700\u6c42\u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u3002\u4f8b\u5982： <\/p>\n

    <%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
    \n<%@ page contentType="text\/html;charset=UTF-8" %><\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 <%@ page … %> \u6307\u4ee4\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86 java.util \u5305，\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u5185\u5bb9\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a text\/html \u4ee5\u53ca\u5b57\u7b26\u96c6\u4e3a UTF-8 \u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u9875\u9762\u52a8\u4f5c\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u5728JSP\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165Java\u4ee3\u7801，\u5982 <jsp:useBean> \u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u6216\u67e5\u627eJavaBean\u5b9e\u4f8b， <jsp:getProperty> \u548c <jsp:setProperty> \u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6eJavaBean\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u4f5c\u662f\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6807\u7b7e，\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5bf9Servlet\u76f8\u5e94\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n

    <jsp:useBean id="user" class="com.example.User" \/>
    \n<jsp:setProperty name="user" property="*" \/><\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aid\u4e3a"user"\u7684 User \u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b，\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

    2.2 JSP\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5e94\u7528 <\/h3>\n

    2.2.1 \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00（EL） <\/h4>\n

    \u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00（Expression Language，EL）\u662fJSP\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u7b80\u5316JSP\u9875\u9762\u4e2dJava\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002EL\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8bbf\u95eeJavaBean\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u96c6\u5408\u5143\u7d20\u3002EL\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4ee5 ${} \u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5d4c\u5165\u5230HTML\u4e2d\u3002 <\/p>\n

    <p>\u7528\u6237\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u662f：${user.name}<\/p><\/p>\n

    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d， user.name \u5c06\u88ab\u89e3\u6790\u6210\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 name \u5c5e\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

    2.2.2 JavaBeans\u5728JSP\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528 <\/h4>\n

    JavaBeans\u662fJava\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u9075\u5faa\u7279\u5b9a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b，\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5728JSP\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u3002JavaBeans\u901a\u8fc7\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u5668\u65b9\u6cd5（getter\u548csetter\u65b9\u6cd5）\u4e0eJSP\u9875\u9762\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002 <\/p>\n

    JavaBean\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528EL\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7JSP\u52a8\u4f5c\u6807\u7b7e（\u5982 <jsp:getProperty> \u548c <jsp:setProperty> ）\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 <\/p>\n

    <jsp:useBean id="user" class="com.example.User" \/>
    \n<jsp:setProperty name="user" property="name" value="\u5f20\u4e09" \/><\/p>\n

    \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7247\u6bb5\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 <jsp:useBean> \u6807\u7b7e\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a User \u5bf9\u8c61，\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528 <jsp:setProperty> \u6807\u7b7e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176 name \u5c5e\u6027\u4e3a"\u5f20\u4e09"\u3002 <\/p>\n

    2.2.3 JSP\u6807\u51c6\u6807\u7b7e\u5e93（JSTL） <\/h4>\n

    JSP\u6807\u51c6\u6807\u7b7e\u5e93（JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library，JSTL）\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u901a\u7528\u7684\u6807\u7b7e，\u7b80\u5316\u4e86JSP\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7f16\u5199\u3002JSTL\u6807\u7b7e\u7528\u4e8e\u904d\u5386\u96c6\u5408\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u5316\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c，\u4f7f\u5f97JSP\u9875\u9762\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u548c\u6613\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u3002 <\/p>\n

    <c:forEach items="${users}" var="user">
    \n <p>${user.name}<\/p>
    \n<\/c:forEach><\/p>\n

    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d， <c:forEach> \u6807\u7b7e\u7528\u4e8e\u904d\u5386 users \u96c6\u5408，\u5e76\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u51fa\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6，\u4f7f\u9875\u9762\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002 <\/p>\n

    2.3 JSP\u4e0eServlet\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92 <\/h3>\n

    2.3.1 \u5728JSP\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528Servlet <\/h4>\n

    \u5728JSP\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528Servlet，\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 <jsp:forward> \u6216 <jsp:include> \u6807\u7b7e\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002 <jsp:forward> \u6807\u7b7e\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684Servlet，\u800c <jsp:include> \u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002 <\/p>\n

    <jsp:forward page="userServlet.jsp" \/><\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u540d\u4e3a userServlet.jsp \u7684Servlet\u3002 <\/p>\n

    2.3.2 \u5728Servlet\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528JSP <\/h4>\n

    \u4eceServlet\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528JSP\u9875\u9762\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 RequestDispatcher \u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 forward \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u7ed9JSP\u9875\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u5728Servlet\u7684 doGet \u6216 doPost \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u3002 <\/p>\n

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    \n RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("\/WEB-INF\/user.jsp");
    \n dispatcher.forward(request, response);
    \n}<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u4eceServlet\u4e2d\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230 user.jsp \u9875\u9762\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba，\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86JSP\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6280\u672f，\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u5e94\u7528，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4e0eServlet\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002 <\/p>\n

    3. Java EE\u90e8\u5206\u89c4\u8303\u5b9e\u73b0 <\/h2>\n

    3.1 Java EE\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5 <\/h3>\n

    3.1.1 \u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u67b6\u6784 <\/h4>\n

    Java EE（Java Platform, Enterprise Edition）\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u67b6\u6784，\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u6e05\u6670\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u3001\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5728Java EE\u4e2d，\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21： <\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u8868\u793a\u5c42 （Presentation Layer）：\u901a\u5e38\u7531Servlet\u548cJSP\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0，\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u5c55\u793a\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u3002 <\/li>\n
    • \u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u5c42 （Business Logic Layer）：\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u4f01\u4e1abean（EJB），\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f01\u4e1abean\u662f\u5c01\u88c5\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6，\u652f\u6301\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002 <\/li>\n
    • \u96c6\u6210\u5c42 （Integration Layer）：\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u7cfb\u7edf（\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u9057\u7559\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001Web\u670d\u52a1\u7b49）\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92，\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6709JMS（Java Message Service）\u548cJDBC（Java Database Connectivity）\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u5c42\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u597d\u5904\u662f： <\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u677e\u8026\u5408 ：\u5404\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f7c\u6b64\u72ec\u7acb，\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u3002 <\/li>\n
      • \u590d\u7528\u6027 ：\u5c42\u6b21\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5141\u8bb8\u4e0d\u540c\u5e94\u7528\u590d\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002 <\/li>\n
      • \u53ef\u7ba1\u7406\u6027 ：\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u5206\u522b\u8fdb\u884c\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3.1.2 Java EE\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u4ef6 <\/h4>\n

        Java EE\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6765\u652f\u6301\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec： <\/p>\n

          \n
        • Servlet API ：\u4e3a\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u63a5\u53e3\u3002 <\/li>\n
        • JSP\u6280\u672f ：\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u3002 <\/li>\n
        • EJB\u6280\u672f ：\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u3001\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u3002 <\/li>\n
        • JMS API ：\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f，\u4ece\u800c\u652f\u6301\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u4fe1\u3002 <\/li>\n
        • JTA\u548cJTS ：\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u4e8b\u52a1\u670d\u52a1，\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002 <\/li>\n
        • JNDI API ：\u4e3aJava EE\u7ec4\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bbf\u95ee\u547d\u540d\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Java EE\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u7ec4\u4ef6，\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u6784\u5efa\u5e95\u5c42\u670d\u52a1，\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e0a\u3002 <\/p>\n

          3.2 \u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236 <\/h3>\n

          3.2.1 Java EE\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236 <\/h4>\n

          \u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5728Java EE\u4e2d，\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0： <\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u58f0\u660e\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406 ：\u901a\u8fc7\u6ce8\u89e3\u6216\u8005XML\u914d\u7f6e，\u58f0\u660e\u4e1a\u52a1\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u5c5e\u6027，\u5982\u4f20\u64ad\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u9694\u79bb\u7ea7\u522b\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u4e1a\u52a1\u4ee3\u7801\u900f\u660e，\u6781\u5927\u5730\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002 <\/li>\n
          • \u7f16\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406 ：\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u663e\u5f0f\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u4e8b\u52a1\u8fb9\u754c，\u5982\u5f00\u59cb\u4e8b\u52a1\u3001\u63d0\u4ea4\u548c\u56de\u6eda\u4e8b\u52a1\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5ea6，\u4f46\u5728\u5927\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Java EE\u5bb9\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u652f\u6301，\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u79bb，\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

            3.2.2 \u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u5728Java EE\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0 <\/h4>\n

            \u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u5173\u6ce8\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u591a\u7528\u6237\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7ef4\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u5728Java EE\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002JTA（Java Transaction API）\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236，\u901a\u8fc7\u786e\u4fdd\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3001\u9694\u79bb\u6027\u548c\u6301\u4e45\u6027（ACID\u5c5e\u6027）\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u5e76\u53d1\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002 <\/p>\n

            \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762： <\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u6b63\u786e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e8b\u52a1\u8d85\u65f6 ：\u9632\u6b62\u4e8b\u52a1\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u5730\u6302\u8d77，\u963b\u585e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <\/li>\n
            • \u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u9501 ：\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728EJB\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e2d，\u901a\u8fc7\u58f0\u660e\u5f0f\u9501\u7ba1\u7406\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002 <\/li>\n
            • \u4f18\u5316\u9694\u79bb\u7ea7\u522b ：\u6839\u636e\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u7ea7\u522b，\u4ee5\u5e73\u8861\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              3.3 Java EE\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b <\/h3>\n

              3.3.1 \u8ba4\u8bc1\u548c\u6388\u6743\u57fa\u7840 <\/h4>\n

              \u5b89\u5168\u6027\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002Java EE\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b89\u5168API\u6765\u652f\u6301\u8ba4\u8bc1\u548c\u6388\u6743\u3002\u8ba4\u8bc1\u662f\u6307\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u800c\u6388\u6743\u5219\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002 <\/p>\n

              Java EE\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u539f\u5219： <\/p>\n

                \n
              • \u89d2\u8272\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236 ：\u5141\u8bb8\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u89d2\u8272，\u5e76\u5c06\u89d2\u8272\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u57df\u3002 <\/li>\n
              • \u58f0\u660e\u5f0f\u5b89\u5168\u7ea6\u675f ：\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6ce8\u89e3，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u54ea\u4e9b\u89d2\u8272\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u54ea\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <\/li>\n
              • \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5316\u5b89\u5168\u68c0\u67e5 ：\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u68c0\u67e5，\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                3.3.2 Java EE\u5b89\u5168API\u7684\u5e94\u7528 <\/h4>\n

                Java EE\u5b89\u5168API\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5b89\u5168\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7c7b\u548c\u63a5\u53e3，\u5982 javax.security.auth \u5305\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u5b89\u5168API\u4e3b\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762： <\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \u8ba4\u8bc1 ：\u901a\u8fc7\u767b\u5f55\u6a21\u5757（\u5982JAAS LoginModule）\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u51ed\u8bc1\u3002 <\/li>\n
                • \u6388\u6743 ：\u57fa\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868（ACLs）\u6765\u9650\u5236\u8d44\u6e90\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002 <\/li>\n
                • \u5bc6\u7801\u7b56\u7565 ：\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bc6\u7801\u5f3a\u5ea6\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u8fc7\u671f\u7b56\u7565\u7b49\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u3002 <\/li>\n
                • \u52a0\u5bc6\u670d\u52a1 ：\u5229\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9bAPI\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5bc6\u548c\u89e3\u5bc6\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5b89\u5168API\u7684\u5e94\u7528，Java EE\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6846\u67b6，\u4fdd\u62a4\u5e94\u7528\u514d\u53d7\u672a\u6388\u6743\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u653b\u51fb\u3002 <\/p>\n

                  \u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86Java EE\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u7ae0\u8282，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3Tomcat\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u548cWeb\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u90e8\u7f72\u6280\u5de7\u3002 <\/p>\n

                  4. Tomcat\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784 <\/h2>\n

                  4.1 Tomcat\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u5256\u6790 <\/h3>\n

                  4.1.1 Tomcat\u5b89\u88c5\u8def\u5f84\u89e3\u6790 <\/h4>\n

                  Apache Tomcat\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7Web\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u5b83\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86Java Servlet\u548cJavaServer Pages (JSP) \u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8Tomcat\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u4e4b\u524d，\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u4e86\u89e3Tomcat\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u8def\u5f84\u7ed3\u6784，\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u57fa\u7840\u3002 <\/p>\n

                  Tomcat\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u76ee\u5f55\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939： <\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • bin ：\u5305\u542b\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u5173\u95edTomcat\u7684\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6，\u6bd4\u5982 startup.sh \u548c shutdown.sh （\u5728Unix\/Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a），\u4ee5\u53ca startup.bat \u548c shutdown.bat （\u5728Windows\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a）\u3002 <\/li>\n
                  • conf ：\u5b58\u653e\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6，\u5982 server.xml （\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6）\u3001 web.xml （\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6）\u3001 tomcat-users.xml （\u7528\u4e8e\u914d\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u548c\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6587\u4ef6）\u7b49\u3002 <\/li>\n
                  • lib ：\u5b58\u653eTomcat\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6，\u5305\u62ecJAR\u548cZIP\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 <\/li>\n
                  • logs ：\u5b58\u653e\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6，\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55Tomcat\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 <\/li>\n
                  • webapps ：\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u90e8\u7f72\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u5f55，\u6bd4\u5982ROOT\u5e94\u7528\u3001manager\u5e94\u7528\u7b49\u3002 <\/li>\n
                  • work ：\u5b58\u653e\u7531JSP\u9875\u9762\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u7684Servlet\u7684.java\u548c.class\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \u5728\u5b89\u88c5Tomcat\u4e4b\u540e，\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u90e8\u7f72\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 <\/p>\n

                    4.1.2 Web\u5e94\u7528\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784 <\/h4>\n

                    \u5f53Web\u5e94\u7528\u88ab\u90e8\u7f72\u5230Tomcat\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u65f6，\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939： <\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • META-INF ：\u5b58\u653e\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f，\u5982 context.xml ，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u8d44\u6e90\u94fe\u63a5\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u3002 <\/li>\n
                    • WEB-INF ：\u5305\u542b\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u7c7b\u548c\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 web.xml \u3002 <\/li>\n
                    • lib ：\u5b58\u653eWeb\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5e93，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u4f1a\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d，\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6Web\u5e94\u7528\u5171\u4eab\u3002 <\/li>\n
                    • classes ：\u5b58\u653e\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u7684Java\u7c7b\u6587\u4ef6，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u800c\u6765\u3002 <\/li>\n
                    • jsp ：\u5b58\u653e\u5e94\u7528\u7684JSP\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 <\/li>\n
                    • web ：\u5b58\u653e\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90，\u5982HTML\u3001CSS\u3001JavaScript\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u7b49\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \u7406\u89e3Web\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7ba1\u7406Web\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u7406\u89e3Tomcat\u7684\u7c7b\u52a0\u8f7d\u673a\u5236\u3002 <\/p>\n

                      4.2 \u914d\u7f6eTomcat\u670d\u52a1\u5668 <\/h3>\n

                      4.2.1 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6server.xml\u89e3\u6790 <\/h4>\n

                      Tomcat\u7684 server.xml \u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6，\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86Tomcat\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e，\u5305\u62ec\u8fde\u63a5\u5668（Connector）\u3001\u670d\u52a1（Service）\u3001\u5f15\u64ce（Engine）\u548c\u4e3b\u673a（Host）\u7b49\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002 <\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • <Server> ：\u8fd9\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7684Tomcat\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a Service \u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002 <\/li>\n
                      • <Service> ：\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a Connector \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a Engine \u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5c06\u8fde\u63a5\u5668\u548c\u5f15\u64ce\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77，\u8fde\u63a5\u5668\u5904\u7406\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5f15\u64ce\u6765\u5904\u7406\u3002 <\/li>\n
                      • <Connector> ：\u8d1f\u8d23\u63a5\u6536\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5b83\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u64ce\u3002Tomcat\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5668，\u4f8b\u5982HTTP\u3001AJP\u7b49\u3002 <\/li>\n
                      • <Engine> ：\u5f15\u64ce\u5904\u7406\u6240\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a Service \u53ea\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u64ce，\u5e76\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u64ce\u3002 <\/li>\n
                      • <Host> ：\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u64ce\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u3002 <\/li>\n
                      • <Context> ：\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86Web\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587，\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e <Host> \u6807\u7b7e\u5185，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e conf\/Catalina\/localhost \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        4.2.2 \u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6context.xml\u7684\u4f7f\u7528 <\/h4>\n

                        context.xml \u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5728Tomcat\u4e2d\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9aWeb\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u4e8e <Host> \u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u6216\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u4f4d\u4e8e \/WEB-INF\/ \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002\u8be5\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n

                        \u4e00\u4e2a context.xml \u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u914d\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837： <\/p>\n

                        <Context docBase="yourApp" path="\/yourApp" reloadable="true" source="org.eclipse.jst.jee.server:yourApp">
                        \n <!– Custom Configuration here –>
                        \n<\/Context><\/p>\n

                        \u6b64\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d docBase \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u8def\u5f84， path \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u7684URL\u8def\u5f84， reloadable \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u662f\u5426\u6bcf\u6b21Web\u5e94\u7528\u66f4\u65b0\u540eTomcat\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u5e94\u7528\u3002 source \u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684，\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86Eclipse IDE\u4e2d\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6e90\u3002 <\/p>\n

                        4.2.3 \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u5236\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316 <\/h4>\n

                        \u5728Tomcat\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u5236\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u6574\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6700\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n

                        \u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u793a\u4f8b\u662f\u5728 <Connector> \u6807\u7b7e\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e maxThreads \u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u6700\u5927\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570，\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002 <\/p>\n

                        <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP\/1.1"
                        \n connectionTimeout="20000"
                        \n redirectPort="8443"
                        \n maxThreads="200"
                        \n minSpareThreads="25"
                        \n maxKeepAliveRequests="100"
                        \n minKeepAliveRequests="1"\/><\/p>\n

                        \u8fd9\u91cc， maxThreads \u7684\u503c\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a200，\u610f\u5473\u7740Tomcat\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709200\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e\u80fd\u5927\u5e45\u5f71\u54cd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

                        4.3 \u914d\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u5668\u548c\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a <\/h3>\n

                        4.3.1 HTTP\u8fde\u63a5\u5668\u7684\u914d\u7f6e <\/h4>\n

                        HTTP\u8fde\u63a5\u5668\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u5728 server.xml \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d，\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e： <\/p>\n

                        <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP\/1.1"
                        \n connectionTimeout="20000"
                        \n redirectPort="8443"\/><\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • port ：\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002 <\/li>\n
                        • protocol ：\u5b9a\u4e49\u534f\u8bae\u7c7b\u578b，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aHTTP\/1.1\u3002 <\/li>\n
                        • connectionTimeout ：\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 <\/li>\n
                        • redirectPort ：\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u652f\u6301SSL\u8fde\u63a5，\u5219\u6b64\u5c5e\u6027\u6307\u5b9a\u5c06\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          HTTP\u8fde\u63a5\u5668\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f18\u5316Web\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\u3002 <\/p>\n

                          4.3.2 \u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406 <\/h4>\n

                          \u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u4e2aWeb\u7ad9\u70b9\u3002\u901a\u8fc7 <Host> \u6807\u7b7e\u6765\u914d\u7f6e\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a，\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n

                          <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"
                          \n unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
                          \n <!– Configuration of the virtual host –>
                          \n<\/Host><\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • name ：\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u540d\u79f0，\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u6216IP\u5730\u5740\u3002 <\/li>\n
                          • appBase ：\u653e\u7f6eWeb\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002 <\/li>\n
                          • unpackWARs ：\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a true ，\u5219\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u538bWAR\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 <\/li>\n
                          • autoDeploy ：\u8bbe\u7f6e\u662f\u5426\u81ea\u52a8\u90e8\u7f72\u65b0\u7684\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u7684WAR\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            \u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u4e0d\u540cWeb\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u3002 <\/p>\n

                            \u4ee5\u4e0a\u662fTomcat\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7ba1\u7406Tomcat\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8Web\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u90e8\u7f72\u6280\u5de7\u3002 <\/p>\n

                            5. Web\u5e94\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u90e8\u7f72\u6280\u5de7 <\/h2>\n

                            5.1 \u81ea\u52a8\u90e8\u7f72\u4e0e\u70ed\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u539f\u7406 <\/h3>\n

                            5.1.1 \u81ea\u52a8\u90e8\u7f72\u673a\u5236\u89e3\u91ca <\/h4>\n

                            \u81ea\u52a8\u90e8\u7f72\u662f\u6307\u5728\u4e0d\u624b\u52a8\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u5c06Web\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e2d\u3002\u5728Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982Tomcat\u4e2d，\u81ea\u52a8\u90e8\u7f72\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u90e8\u7f72\u6d41\u7a0b，\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u505c\u673a\u65f6\u95f4，\u5e76\u4e14\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u3002 <\/p>\n

                            \u81ea\u52a8\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u4fa6\u6d4b\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u76ee\u5f55（\u901a\u5e38\u662f webapps \u76ee\u5f55）\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5f53\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u65b0\u7684WAR\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u538b\u5e76\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u70ed\u90e8\u7f72，\u5b83\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6，\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u3002\u70ed\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u52a0\u8f7d\u65b0\u7684\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u7c7b\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u542f\u6574\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u673a\u3002 <\/p>\n

                            5.1.2 \u70ed\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u4f18\u70b9 <\/h4>\n

                            \u70ed\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7c7b\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5728Java EE\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u70ed\u90e8\u7f72\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，Tomcat\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a ParallelWebappClassLoader \u7684\u7c7b\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668，\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u76d1\u89c6\u7279\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7c7b\u6587\u4ef6\u53d8\u5316，\u5e76\u5728\u53d8\u5316\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u65b0\u7684\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u7c7b，\u800c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u3002 <\/p>\n

                            \u70ed\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1： <\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • \u964d\u4f4e\u505c\u673a\u65f6\u95f4 ：\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90e8\u7f72\u66f4\u65b0\u3002 <\/li>\n
                            • \u63d0\u9ad8\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387 ：\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u4fee\u590dbug\u3002 <\/li>\n
                            • \u52a8\u6001\u6269\u5c55 ：\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u66f4\u6362\u6a21\u5757\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u542f\u6574\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              5.2 \u90e8\u7f72\u5de5\u5177\u4e0e\u811a\u672c\u7684\u4f7f\u7528 <\/h3>\n

                              5.2.1 Ant\u4e0eMaven\u5728\u90e8\u7f72\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528 <\/h4>\n

                              Ant\u548cMaven\u662fJava\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u975e\u5e38\u719f\u6089\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u5de5\u5177，\u5b83\u4eec\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\u90e8\u7f72\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199\u6784\u5efa\u811a\u672c，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 <\/p>\n

                              \u4f7f\u7528Ant\u8fdb\u884c\u90e8\u7f72\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u914d\u7f6e <deploy> \u4efb\u52a1，\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7FTP\u6216SCP\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u5e94\u7528\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u800cMaven\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 maven-deploy-plugin \u63d2\u4ef6\u6765\u90e8\u7f72WAR\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4ed3\u5e93\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002Maven\u7684 deploy \u76ee\u6807\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u6784\u5efa\u597d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5305（\u901a\u5e38\u662fWAR\u6587\u4ef6）\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u914d\u7f6e\u597d\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4ed3\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002 <\/p>\n

                              \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684Maven\u90e8\u7f72\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n

                              <project>
                              \n …
                              \n <build>
                              \n <plugins>
                              \n <plugin>
                              \n <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins<\/groupId>
                              \n <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin<\/artifactId>
                              \n <version>2.8.2<\/version>
                              \n <configuration>
                              \n <url>http:\/\/localhost:8080\/manager<\/url>
                              \n <repositoryId>tomcat7<\/repositoryId>
                              \n <server>
                              \n <id>tomcat7<\/id>
                              \n <username>admin<\/username>
                              \n <password>admin<\/password>
                              \n <\/server>
                              \n <\/configuration>
                              \n <\/plugin>
                              \n <\/plugins>
                              \n <\/build>
                              \n …
                              \n<\/project><\/p>\n

                              5.2.2 \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u90e8\u7f72\u811a\u672c\u7f16\u5199\u793a\u4f8b <\/h4>\n

                              \u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u9700\u6c42，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u811a\u672c\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684Bash\u811a\u672c\u4e3a\u4f8b，\u6f14\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u5c06WAR\u5305\u90e8\u7f72\u5230Tomcat\u670d\u52a1\u5668： <\/p>\n

                              #!\/bin\/bash<\/p>\n

                              # \u786e\u4fdd\u4f20\u9012\u4e86war\u6587\u4ef6\u540d
                              \nif [ -z "$1" ]; then
                              \n echo "Usage: $0 <war-file>"
                              \n exit 1
                              \nfi<\/p>\n

                              WAR_FILE=$1<\/p>\n

                              # \u62f7\u8d1dWAR\u5305\u5230Tomcat\u7684webapps\u76ee\u5f55
                              \ncp $WAR_FILE \/path\/to\/tomcat\/webapps\/<\/p>\n

                              # \u91cd\u542fTomcat\u5e94\u7528
                              \n# \u6ce8\u610f：\u8fd9\u91cc\u5047\u8bbeCATALINA_HOME\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5df2\u8bbe\u7f6e
                              \n$CATALINA_HOME\/bin\/shutdown.sh
                              \n$CATALINA_HOME\/bin\/startup.sh<\/p>\n

                              echo "Deployment completed!"<\/p>\n

                              \u8fd9\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2aWAR\u6587\u4ef6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570，\u5c06\u5176\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230Tomcat\u7684 webapps \u76ee\u5f55，\u7136\u540e\u91cd\u542fTomcat\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u90e8\u7f72\u3002 <\/p>\n

                              5.3 \u90e8\u7f72\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6392\u67e5 <\/h3>\n

                              5.3.1 \u5e38\u89c1\u90e8\u7f72\u9519\u8bef\u53ca\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848 <\/h4>\n

                              \u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u90e8\u7f72\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u7c7b\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\u65e0\u6cd5\u542f\u52a8\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u53ca\u5176\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848： <\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • \u7c7b\u52a0\u8f7d\u9519\u8bef ：\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7c7b\u8def\u5f84\u51b2\u7a81\u6216\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 <\/li>\n
                              • \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u9519\u8bef ：\u9a8c\u8bc1 web.xml \u6216 context.xml \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002 <\/li>\n
                              • \u4f9d\u8d56\u51b2\u7a81 ：\u4f7f\u7528Maven\u6216Gradle\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u68c0\u67e5\u9879\u76ee\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002 <\/li>\n
                              • \u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3 ：\u786e\u4fdd\u90e8\u7f72\u811a\u672c\u6216\u7528\u6237\u5177\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u6743\u9650\u6765\u5199\u5165 webapps \u76ee\u5f55\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                5.3.2 \u76d1\u63a7\u90e8\u7f72\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790 <\/h4>\n

                                \u4e3a\u4e86\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u90e8\u7f72\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898，\u76d1\u63a7\u90e8\u7f72\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5206\u6790\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\u7684\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728 logs \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u751f\u6210\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6，\u6bd4\u5982Tomcat\u7684 catalina.out ，\u5b83\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u5982 tail \u6765\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6： <\/p>\n

                                tail -f \/path\/to\/tomcat\/logs\/catalina.out<\/p>\n

                                \u6b64\u5916，\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u5982ELK（Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana）\u5806\u6808\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002ELK\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u96c6\u4e2d\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f，\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                \u5728\u5904\u7406\u90e8\u7f72\u9519\u8bef\u65f6，\u9010\u884c\u5206\u6790\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6，\u5bfb\u627e\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u5806\u6808\u4fe1\u606f，\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u9014\u5f84\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                6. Tomcat\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u63aa\u65bd <\/h2>\n

                                6.1 \u5b89\u5168\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5 <\/h3>\n

                                6.1.1 \u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4e0e\u6388\u6743\u914d\u7f6e <\/h4>\n

                                Tomcat\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u59cb\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u548c\u6388\u6743\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fddWeb\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027，\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3002Tomcat\u4f7f\u7528 conf\/tomcat-users.xml \u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u7528\u6237\u548c\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u7ba1\u7406，\u5141\u8bb8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                <tomcat-users>
                                \n <user username="admin" password="adminpassword" roles="admin-gui,admin-script"\/>
                                \n <role rolename="admin-script"\/>
                                \n <role rolename="admin-gui"\/>
                                \n<\/tomcat-users><\/p>\n

                                \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d，\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a admin \u7684\u7528\u6237，\u62e5\u6709\u5bc6\u7801 adminpassword \u4ee5\u53ca admin-script \u548c admin-gui \u4e24\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528Tomcat\u7ba1\u7406\u754c\u9762\u548c\u4f7f\u7528Tomcat\u7ba1\u7406\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                \u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u548c\u6388\u6743\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b，\u5176\u4e2d\u89d2\u8272\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u90e8\u7f72\u4e2d，\u6839\u636e\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\u539f\u5219，\u5e94\u8be5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5206\u914d\u6700\u5c0f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u89d2\u8272，\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                6.1.2 SSL\/TLS\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u8bbe\u7f6e <\/h4>\n

                                \u4fdd\u62a4Web\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206，\u4f7f\u7528SSL\/TLS\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u505a\u6cd5\u3002Tomcat\u652f\u6301\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6eConnector\u5143\u7d20\u5728 server.xml \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u542f\u7528SSL\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u542f\u7528SSL\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n

                                <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
                                \n maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true" SSLEnabled="true"
                                \n keystoreFile="conf\/keystore" keystorePass="keystorepassword"
                                \n clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS"\/><\/p>\n

                                \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d，Tomcat\u901a\u8fc7 keystoreFile \u548c keystorePass \u5c5e\u6027\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5bc6\u94a5\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u53ca\u5176\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u6b64\u5916，\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a sslProtocol \u4e3a TLS \u6765\u542f\u7528TLS\u52a0\u5bc6\u534f\u8bae\u3002 clientAuth="false" \u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u5f3a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8ba4\u8bc1，\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a true \u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5411SSL\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                \u542f\u7528SSL\u540e，\u6240\u6709\u901a\u8fc7Tomcat\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u5305\u62ec\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f，\u90fd\u5c06\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6，\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                6.2 \u9632\u5fa1\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u6f0f\u6d1e\u4fee\u590d <\/h3>\n

                                6.2.1 \u5e38\u89c1\u7684Tomcat\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e <\/h4>\n

                                \u5728Web\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d，Tomcat\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916，\u5b58\u5728\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662f\u5f31\u914d\u7f6e，\u4f8b\u5982\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u672a\u66f4\u6539\u3001\u5f31\u5bc6\u7801\u3001\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u7528\u4ee5\u53ca\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u5f53\u7684SSL\/TLS\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6f0f\u6d1e\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u7ad9\u811a\u672c（XSS）\u653b\u51fb，\u83b7\u53d6\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e，\u751a\u81f3\u63a5\u7ba1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                \u4e3a\u4e86\u964d\u4f4e\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669，Tomcat\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u5e94\u7acb\u5373\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u66f4\u6539\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u754c\u9762\u3001\u79fb\u9664\u793a\u4f8b\u5e94\u7528，\u5e76\u4e14\u786e\u4fdd\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684 META-INF \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u53d1\u5e03\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u5916，\u53ca\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u5230\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684Tomcat，\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4fee\u590d\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                6.2.2 \u5e94\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u8865\u4e01\u548c\u66f4\u65b0 <\/h4>\n

                                \u9664\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u914d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u5916，\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u8865\u4e01\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002Apache Tomcat\u793e\u533a\u5b9a\u671f\u53d1\u5e03\u5b89\u5168\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u8865\u4e01\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5e94\u8ba2\u9605\u5b89\u5168\u516c\u544a，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u53ca\u65f6\u4e86\u89e3\u5e76\u5e94\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8865\u4e01\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                \u66f4\u65b0Tomcat\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c，\u5e76\u66ff\u6362\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u5e94\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u7559\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                \u4f7f\u7528\u811a\u672c\u6216\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u5de5\u5177（\u5982Ansible\u3001Jenkins\u7b49）\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u624b\u52a8\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u4e4b\u524d，\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                6.3 \u65e5\u5fd7\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4e0e\u76d1\u63a7 <\/h3>\n

                                6.3.1 \u65e5\u5fd7\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177 <\/h4>\n

                                \u65e5\u5fd7\u5ba1\u8ba1\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206，\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002Tomcat\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u529f\u80fd，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve"
                                \n directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
                                \n pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" \/><\/p>\n

                                \u5728 server.xml \u4e2d，\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6eAccessLogValve，\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002Tomcat\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u56e0\u6b64\u5408\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b\u548c\u683c\u5f0f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                \u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5206\u6790\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u65e5\u5fd7，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177，\u4f8b\u5982ELK Stack（Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana），\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u65e5\u5fd7\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u754c\u9762，\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u8bc6\u522b\u5f02\u5e38\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5b89\u5168\u76f8\u5173\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                6.3.2 \u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6 <\/h4>\n

                                \u9664\u4e86\u4e8b\u540e\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4e4b\u5916，\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540c\u6837\u5173\u952e\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Tomcat\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u754c\u9762\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，Apache Tomcat Manager\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u754c\u9762，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406Tomcat\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5e94\u7528，\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b9e\u65f6\u72b6\u6001\u76d1\u63a7\u529f\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                \u6b64\u5916，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u8b66\u62a5\u7cfb\u7edf，\u5982Nagios\u6216PagerDuty，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u5373\u65f6\u901a\u77e5\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u6ee1\u8db3\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1\u8b66\u62a5，\u4f8b\u5982\u5f02\u5e38\u767b\u5f55\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3001\u9ad8\u9519\u8bef\u7387\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                \u901a\u8fc7\u96c6\u6210\u65e5\u5fd7\u5ba1\u8ba1\u548c\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7，\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u4e3b\u52a8\u5730\u7ba1\u7406Tomcat\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027，\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u8fc5\u901f\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                7. \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5 <\/h2>\n

                                \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e2d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u73af\u8282\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b，\u8fd8\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u5b9e\u9645\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                7.1 \u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u5206\u6790 <\/h3>\n

                                \u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u4f18\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u9762\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u6355\u6349\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6307\u6807，\u800c\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u5219\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u6807\u542b\u4e49\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                7.1.1 \u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4f7f\u7528 <\/h4>\n

                                \u5e02\u9762\u4e0a\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eJava\u5e94\u7528\u800c\u8a00，\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6709JConsole\u3001VisualVM\u3001Grafana\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u76d1\u63a7CPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6d88\u8017\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u3001JVM\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u60c5\u51b5\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528JConsole\u76d1\u63a7Java\u5e94\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n

                                jconsole [pid]<\/p>\n

                                \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc， [pid] \u662fJava\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684ID\u3002\u901a\u8fc7JConsole，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6027\u80fd，\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9JVM\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                7.1.2 \u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u5b9a\u4f4d <\/h4>\n

                                \u8981\u627e\u5230\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e： <\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • \u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f <\/li>\n
                                • \u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528 <\/li>\n
                                • \u8fc7\u5ea6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ea4\u4e92 <\/li>\n
                                • I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  \u5b9a\u4f4d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u540e，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f，\u8c03\u6574\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u9700\u6c42，\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u538b\u529b，\u4f18\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                  7.2 \u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565 <\/h3>\n

                                  \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u9762，\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u4ee3\u7801\u5c42\u9762\u3001JVM\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53ca\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                  7.2.1 \u8c03\u6574JVM\u53c2\u6570\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd <\/h4>\n

                                  JVM\u53c2\u6570\u5bf9\u4e8eJava\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u901f\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                  -Xms256m -Xmx1024m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m -XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=15 -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC<\/p>\n

                                  \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u521d\u59cb\u5806\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a256MB，\u6700\u5927\u5806\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a1024MB，\u6c38\u4e45\u4ee3\u6700\u5927\u4e3a256MB，\u6700\u5927\u664b\u5347\u9608\u503c\u4e3a15，\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5e76\u53d1\u6807\u8bb0\u6e05\u9664\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574，\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u6027\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                  7.2.2 \u5e94\u7528\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u8c03\u4f18\u6280\u5de7 <\/h4>\n

                                  \u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u9762，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u4ee3\u7801，\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97，\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u6765\u51cf\u8f7b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8d1f\u62c5，\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c42\u9762，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574Tomcat\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 server.xml \u548c context.xml \u6765\u4f18\u5316\u6027\u80fd，\u4f8b\u5982\u8c03\u6574HTTP\u8fde\u63a5\u5668\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee，\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u51cf\u5c11\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6d88\u8017\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                  7.3 \u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790：\u4ece\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u4f18\u5316 <\/h3>\n

                                  \u5b66\u4e60\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u4eab： <\/p>\n

                                  7.3.1 \u5178\u578b\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u4eab <\/h4>\n

                                  \u67d0\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u6b3e\u793e\u4ea4\u5e73\u53f0，\u521d\u671f\u7528\u6237\u91cf\u8f83\u5c11\u65f6，\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u5e73\u7a33\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7528\u6237\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0，\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u54cd\u5e94\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177，\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u7cfb\u7edfCPU\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u9ad8\u8fbe90%，\u5e76\u4e14\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u975e\u5e38\u9891\u7e41\u3002 <\/p>\n

                                  7.3.2 \u5206\u6790\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c <\/h4>\n

                                  \u5728\u5206\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u4ed6\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u4e86JVM\u7684\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u65e5\u5fd7，\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u521b\u5efa\u5bfc\u81f4\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f18\u5316\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801，\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u6c60\u6280\u672f，\u5e76\u4e14\u8c03\u6574\u4e86JVM\u7684\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u5668\u914d\u7f6e，\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7684\u9891\u7387\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 <\/p>\n

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                                  \u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 \"menu-r.4af5f7ec.gif\" <\/p>\n

                                  \u7b80\u4ecb：Apache Tomcat 8.5.24\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5f00\u6e90Java Web\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u5b83\u652f\u6301Servlet\u3001JSP\u548c\u90e8\u5206Java EE\u89c4\u8303，\u63d0\u4f9b\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u672c\u6307\u5357\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Tomcat\u8fdb\u884c\u5e94\u7528\u90e8\u7f72\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u53c2\u4e0e\u793e\u533a\u4ea4\u6d41，\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4Web\u670d\u52a1\u3002 <\/p>\n

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