{"id":35890,"date":"2025-05-07T07:36:31","date_gmt":"2025-05-06T23:36:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/35890.html"},"modified":"2025-05-07T07:36:31","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T23:36:31","slug":"linux%e3%80%8a%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8b%ef%bc%89%e3%80%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/35890.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u300a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u4e0b\uff09\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u8fdb\u7a0b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b；\u8fd8\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u8fdb\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5207\u6362\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0bO(1)\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49，\u90a3\u4e48\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5728\u672c\u7bc7\u5f53\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6，\u76f8\u4fe1\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u7bc7\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u4f60\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6240\u83b7，\u4e00\u8d77\u52a0\u6cb9\u5427！！！<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

1. \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>\u00a0<\/h2>\n

\u00a01.1 \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u2022 \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf(environment variables)\u2f00\u822c\u662f\u6307\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7528\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u2f00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570 \u2022 \u5982：\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7f16\u5199C\/C++\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u5728\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6240\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u9759\u6001\u5e93\u5728\u54ea \u91cc，\u4f46\u662f\u7167\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u94fe\u63a5\u6210\u529f，\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5e2e\u52a9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u627e\u3002 \u2022 \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u9014，\u8fd8\u6709\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u5168\u5c40\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1.2 \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u8868<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7ed9\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6982\u5ff5，\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u6ca1\u5565\u7528，\u56e0\u4e3a\u76ee\u524d\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5b8c\u5168\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u8ba4\u8bc6，\u4e4b\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u89e3\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u65f6\u5019\u518d\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u6982\u5ff5\u624d\u4f1a\u53c8\u6536\u83b7\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6b64\u5728\u4e86\u89e3\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u524d\u5148\u8981\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u5728C\/C++\u5185\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u65f6\u5019main\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684，\u90a3\u4e48\u662f\u5426main\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e26\u53c2\u5462？<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u5b9e\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4e00\u6837，main\u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u4e0a\u53c2\u6570\u7684，\u5728\u6b64\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4e3a\u5c31\u4e3a\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e2a\u6570，\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4ee3\u7801：<\/span><\/p>\n

#include<stdio.h>
\n#include<sys\/types.h>
\n#include<unistd.h> <\/p>\n

int main(int argc,char* argv[])
\n{
\n for(int i=0;i<argc;i++)
\n {
\n printf("argv[%d]:%s\\\\n",i,argv[i]);
\n } <\/p>\n

return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n

\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u6210\u624d\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u4e4b\u540e\u8fd0\u884c，\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5e26\u4e0a\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51famain\u662f\u53ef\u63a5\u6536\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7684，\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e4b\u524d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5934\u8dd1\u5230\u5c3e\u5373\u53ef，\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u53c8\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u4f20\u8f93\u7ed9main\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5462，main\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u53c8\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u5462？<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u5b9e\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8fd0\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185\u90e8\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u5f20\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u8868，\u5728\u8be5\u8868\u5f53\u4e2d\u5c31\u5b58\u50a8\u7740\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5185\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u793a\u4f8b，\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u5c31\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a：<\/span> \"\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.3 \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u8868，\u90a3\u4e48\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8981\u6765\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u6267\u884c\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u5e26\u4e0a.\/\u7684，\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u51fa\u540d\u5b57\u5373\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6307\u4ee4，\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462？<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8981\u89e3\u7b54\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf，\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5148\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8def\u5f84，\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u90e8\u5c31\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528PATH\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u4e2d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u641c\u7d22\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528env\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5185\u662f\u5b58\u5728PATH\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u8981\u67e5\u8be2\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0echo $\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u00a0\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5e26\u8def\u5f84\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528，\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u5728PATH\u5185\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b，\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u524d\u52a0\u4e0a\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u65f6\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4f1a\u597d\u5947\u90a3\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u8981\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u7684mytest\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e5f\u52a0\u5230PATH\u5185，\u90a3\u4e48\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8fd0\u884cmytest\u7684\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5e26.\/\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u5462？<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8981\u89e3\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u7b80\u5355，\u6765\u8bd5\u8bd5\u770b\u4e0d\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u4e86<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528PATH=\u5f53\u524d\u8def\u5f84\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528mytest\u4e86，\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u65f6\u53c8\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u4e86，\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u518d\u67e5\u8be2PATH\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5c06\u4e4b\u524d\u7684PATH\u7ed9\u8986\u76d6\u4e86，\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u672c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6ce8：\u5728\u6b64PATH\u6539\u53d8\u65f6pwd\u8fd8\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u56e0\u4e3apwd\u662f\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4，\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8bb2\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u600e\u4e48\u624d\u80fd\u5c06PATH\u6062\u590d\u5462？<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ea\u9700\u8981<\/span>\u5c06Xshell\u91cd\u542f\u5373\u53ef<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u6b64\u5728PATH\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u8ffd\u52a0\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a： \"\"\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u4e86PATH\u5185，\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u539f\u6765\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf，\u8fd9\u6837\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5c31\u8fd8\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u5b9e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528env，echo\u7b49\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u67e5\u8be2\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684bash\u5185\u90e8\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5f20\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868，\u548c\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u7c7b\u4f3c，\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u4e5f\u662f\u672c\u8d28\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u3002\u5f53bash\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u4f1a\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528ls -a\u7b49\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u65f6bash\u5c31\u4f1a\u5148\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5206\u89e3\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u5f53\u4e2d，\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u5728\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u5f53\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6307\u4ee4\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c，\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u62a5command not found\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u5728bash\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728bash\u5185\u90e8\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u5f20\u8868\u5206\u522b\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u548c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868，\u90a3\u4e48\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u95ee\u9898\u53c8\u6765\u4e86，\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\u7684\u5462？ \u5176\u5b9e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6，\u4f7f\u7528cd ~\u6307\u4ee4\u56de\u5230\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b.bashrc<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770bbash_profile<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u518d\u67e5\u770b.bashrc\u5185\u63d0\u5230\u7684\/etc\/bashrc\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u6b64\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf，\u5728\u6b64\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7684\u6743\u9650\u63a9\u7801umask<\/span>\"\"<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u5c31\u80fd\u8ba9\u6bcf\u6b21\u767b\u5165Xshell\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u67e5\u8be2\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u4fee\u6539\u7684，\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5f3a\u70c8\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u968f\u610f\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf，\u8fd9\u6837\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u4e2dLinux\u5f53\u4e2d\u670910\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5165，\u5c31\u4f1a\u5b58\u572810\u4e2abash，\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd910\u4e2abash\u90fd\u4f1a\u5404\u6709\u4e00\u5f20\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u3001\u4e00\u5f20\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u3002\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ece\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5f53\u4e2d\u62f7\u8d1d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6307\u4ee4，\u5728\u6b64\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662fbash\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7684，\u8fd9\u65f6\u56e0\u4e3abash\u65e2\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u8868；\u53c8\u6709\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u00a01.4 \u66f4\u591a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868，\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86PATH\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf，\u90a3\u4e48\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c31\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

USER\u4e0eLOGNAME <\/p>\n

\u5728\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5f53\u4e2dUSER\u8868\u793a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d，LOGNAME\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d，\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u662f\u540c\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

SHELL <\/p>\n

SHELL\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u524dbash\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

HISTCONTROL <\/p>\n

\u00a0HISTCONTROL\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u4fdd\u5b58\u7528\u6237\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u6307\u4ee4，\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528CTRL+r\u548c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u952e\u53bb\u67e5\u8be2\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6307\u4ee4，\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u81ea\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u6307\u4ee4，\u8981\u4e0d\u7136\u4f1a\u5360\u636e\u592a\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

HOME <\/p>\n

HOME\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

PWD <\/p>\n

PWD\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

OLDPWD <\/p>\n

OLDPWD\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u8def\u5f84，\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528cd-\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u4e86<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

<\/h4>\n

1.5 \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6211\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf，\u90a3\u4e48\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c31\u6765\u5c31\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u4e00\u4e9b\u83b7\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u5b9e\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528env\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528echo\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u5b9e\u9664\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5，\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u518d\u6765\u8865\u5145\u51e0\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf，\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528export\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

export<\/span><\/h4>\n

export \u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5\u53ca\u503c <\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528export\u5bfc\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u540d\u4e3atmp1\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u518d\u4f7f\u7528env\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u5f53\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u5230\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

<\/h4>\n

unset<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528export\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf，\u6b64\u65f6\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5c06\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5220\u9664\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528unset<\/span><\/p>\n

unset \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u540d <\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\u8981\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u7684tmp1\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u5f53\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528unset\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h4>\n

1.6 \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u4e09\u79cd\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u83b7\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u4e86\u89e3\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u5176\u5b9e\u5728main\u51fd\u6570\u5f53\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u7684，\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e2a\u6570，\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4，\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u9664\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5\u5916main\u51fd\u6570\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570；\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801<\/span><\/p>\n

#include<stdio.h>
\n#include<sys\/types.h>
\n#include<unistd.h> <\/p>\n

int main(int argc,char* argv[],char* env[])
\n{ <\/p>\n

(void)argc;
\n (void)argv;
\n for(int i=0;env[i];i++)
\n {
\n printf("env[%d]->%s\\\\n",i,env[i]);
\n } <\/p>\n

return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n

\u6ce8：\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5f53\u4e2d\u5c06argc\u548cargv\u5f3a\u8f6c\u6210void\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728gcc\/g++\u5f53\u4e2d\u5982\u679c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u5185\u672a\u4f7f\u7528，\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f1a\u7f16\u8bd1\u62a5\u9519，\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6b64\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u8fd0\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9，\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f53\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06bash\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u7ed9\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0b\u6765\u4e86<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2.\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528getenv<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\u6765\u4f7f\u7528man\u624b\u518c\u6765\u67e5\u8be2getenv\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0aman\u624b\u518c\u5185\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fagetenv\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a：<\/span><\/p>\n

#include<stdio.h>
\n#include <stdlib.h>
\n#include<string.h>
\nint main(int argc,char* argv[],char* env[])
\n{ <\/p>\n

(void)argc;
\n (void)argv;
\n (void)env; <\/p>\n

const char* who=getenv("USER");
\n if(who==NULL)return 1;
\n if(strcmp(who,"zhz")==0)
\n {
\n printf("\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u6267\u884c！\\\\n");
\n }
\n else{
\n printf("\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u7684zhz\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u6cd5\u6267\u884c！\\\\n");
\n } <\/p>\n

return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n

\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5f53\u4e2d\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86getenv\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u540d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf，\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4f7f\u7528strcmp\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u662f\u4e0d\u662fzhz，\u662f\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u6267\u884c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u8f93\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u662fzhz\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528zhz\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u751f\u6210\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f \"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/span> \"\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528getenv\u76842\u793a\u4f8b\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ee7\u627f？<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8ba9\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ee7\u627f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u7684\u9700\u6c42<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

3.\u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u5c40\u6307\u9488environ<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u6b64\u5148\u4f7f\u7528man\u624b\u518c\u6765\u67e5\u8be2environ\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51faerviron\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ea7\u6307\u9488\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u7684\u6307\u9488\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6765\u770b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801：<\/span><\/p>\n

#include<stdio.h>
\n#include<stdlib.h>
\n#include<unistd.h>
\n#include<string.h> <\/p>\n

extern char** environ;
\nint main(int argc,char* argv[],char* env[])
\n{ <\/p>\n

(void)argc;
\n (void)argv;
\n (void)env; <\/p>\n

for(int i=0;environ[i];i++)
\n { <\/p>\n

printf("env[%d]->%s\\\\n",i,environ[i]);
\n } <\/p>\n

return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n

\u00a01.7\u00a0\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7279\u6027<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684environ\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u6307\u9488\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5177\u6709\u5168\u5c40\u7279\u6027\u7684<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8865\u5145\u6982\u5ff5：<\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u672c\u5730\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u5b9e\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u5f53\u4e2d\u9664\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u5916\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u5730\u53d8\u91cf，\u5728\u6b64\u538b\u67e5\u8be2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u672c\u5730\u53d8\u91cf\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u4ee4set<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

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\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0aset\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u672c\u5730\u53d8\u91cf\u5f53\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2. \u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684export\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4，\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684，\u800c\u662f\u8ba9bash\u81ea\u5df1\u4eb2\u81ea\u6267\u884c\u7684，\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7bash\u8c03\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u8005\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u5b9epwd,cd\u7b49\u6307\u4ee4\u4e5f\u662f\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684PATH\u6539\u53d8\u4e4b\u540e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd8\u80fd\u6267\u884c，\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6ce8：\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5185\u5efa\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8bb2\u89e3\u5c06\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49shell\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ae0\u8282\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

2. \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u5b66\u4e60C\/C++\u7684\u4e4b\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5f53\u4e2d\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u6808\u533a\u3001\u5806\u533a\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u533a\u57df\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6765\u770b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801：<\/span><\/p>\n

#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <unistd.h>
\n#include <stdlib.h>
\nint g_unval;
\nint g_val = 100;
\nint main(int argc, char *argv[], char *env[])
\n{
\n const char *str = "helloworld";
\n printf("code addr: %p\\\\n", main);
\n printf("init global addr: %p\\\\n", &g_val);
\n printf("uninit global addr: %p\\\\n", &g_unval);
\n static int test = 10;
\n char *heap_mem = (char*)malloc(10);
\n char *heap_mem1 = (char*)malloc(10);
\n char *heap_mem2 = (char*)malloc(10);
\n char *heap_mem3 = (char*)malloc(10);
\n printf("heap addr: %p\\\\n", heap_mem); \/\/heap_mem(0), &heap_mem(1)
\n printf("heap addr: %p\\\\n", heap_mem1); \/\/heap_mem(0), &heap_mem(1)
\n printf("heap addr: %p\\\\n", heap_mem2); \/\/heap_mem(0), &heap_mem(1)
\n printf("heap addr: %p\\\\n", heap_mem3); \/\/heap_mem(0), &heap_mem(1)
\n printf("test static addr: %p\\\\n", &test); \/\/heap_mem(0), &heap_mem(1)
\n printf("stack addr: %p\\\\n", &heap_mem); \/\/heap_mem(0), &heap_mem(1)
\n printf("stack addr: %p\\\\n", &heap_mem1); \/\/heap_mem(0), &heap_mem(1)
\n printf("stack addr: %p\\\\n", &heap_mem2); \/\/heap_mem(0), &heap_mem(1)
\n printf("stack addr: %p\\\\n", &heap_mem3); \/\/heap_mem(0), &heap_mem(1)
\n printf("read only string addr: %p\\\\n", str);
\n for(int i = 0 ;i < argc; i++)
\n {
\n printf("argv[%d]: %p\\\\n", i, argv[i]);
\n }
\n for(int i = 0; env[i]; i++)
\n {
\n printf("env[%d]: %p\\\\n", i, env[i]);
\n }
\n return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u5f62\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u540e\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a：<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5730\u5740\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684，\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5b66\u4e60C\/C++\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u770b\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u56fe<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5b66\u4e60C\/C++\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u793a\u7684\u53eb\u505a\u505a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4，\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u4e4b\u524d\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684，\u4e4b\u524d\u8fd9\u6837\u8bb2\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7406\u89e3，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5230\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u4e0a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7a7a\u95f4\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u53eb\u6cd5\u53eb\u505a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u6216\u8005\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u5185\u5b58\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u518d\u6765\u770b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801：<\/span> \u00a0<\/p>\n

#include <stdio.h>
\n#include <unistd.h>
\n#include<sys\/types.h>
\n#include <stdlib.h>
\nint g_unval=0; <\/p>\n

int main()
\n{
\n pid_t pid=fork();
\n if(pid==0)
\n {
\n while(1)
\n {
\n printf("\u5b50：g_unval:%d,pid:%d,ppid:%d,&g_unval:%p\\\\n",g_unval,getpid(),getppid(),&g_unval);
\n g_unval++;
\n sleep(1);
\n }
\n }
\n else{
\n while(1)
\n { <\/p>\n

printf("\u7236：g_unval:%d,pid:%d,ppid:%d,&g_unval:%p\\\\n",g_unval,getpid(),getppid(),&g_unval);
\n sleep(1);
\n }
\n } <\/p>\n

return 0;
\n} <\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5947\u602a\u7684\u95ee\u9898，\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cfg_unval\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7adf\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684，\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684g_unval\u7684\u503c\u5374\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684，\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e0d\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u5185\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540c\u65f6\u62e5\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u503c\u4e86\u5417？\u8fd9\u5c31\u66f4\u52a0\u8bf4\u660e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\u8981\u89e3\u7b54\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h4>\n

2.1 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u5176\u5b9e\u5728\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e4b\u540e\u662f\u901a\u8fc7<\/span>\u9875\u8868<\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684task_struct\u5185\u5b58\u50a8\u7740\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6307\u9488<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

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\"\"\u4e4b\u540e\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u52300.5GB\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u6b64\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9875\u8868\u5185\u90e8\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5269\u4e0b\u76841.5GB\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6620\u5c04，\u6b64\u65f6\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f<\/span>\u7f3a\u9875\u4e2d\u65ad<\/span>\u00a0，\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4f1a\u5c06\u78c1\u76d8\u5f53\u4e2d\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u5f53\u4e2d，\u6b64\u65f6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c06\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u505c\u6b62\u8fd0\u884c，\u4e4b\u540e\u7b49\u5230\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u548c\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u5f53\u4e2d\u5728\u9875\u8868\u4e5f\u5efa\u7acb\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\u78c1\u76d8\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u4e2d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c： 1.\u5728\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u5f53\u4e2d\u7533\u8bf7\u6307\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4，\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u57df\u7684\u8c03\u6574 2.\u52a0\u8f7d\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u7533\u8bf7\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4 3.\u901a\u8fc7\u9875\u8868\u5efa\u7acb\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u548c\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb2\u89e3\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee5\u53caIO\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u89e3\u8026\u7684，\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9ad8\u5185\u805a\u3001\u4f4e\u8026\u5408<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>\n

<\/h4>\n

2.2 \u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u610f\u4e49<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u7684，\u90a3\u4e48\u6b64\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8981\u6765\u601d\u8003\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5f53\u4e2d\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4，\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\u4e0d\u662f\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u5417？<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b，\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u533a\u7684\u7ba1\u7406，\u82e5\u51fa\u73b0\u7a0d\u5fae\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u5f53\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8986\u76d6\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b，\u4ece\u800c\u9020\u6210\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e22\u5931，\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u800c\u6709\u4e86\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406；\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u5bf9\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u800c\u8003\u8651，\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u5e8f\u7684，\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u4e71\u5e8f\u7684，\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u70b9\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u662f：\u5c06\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u5e8f\u201d\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c\u6709\u5e8f\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u5b66\u4e60C\/C++\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u662f\u6307\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e3a\u7a7a\u4e86，\u6b64\u65f6\u518d\u5bf9\u8be5\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5954\u6e83\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e4b\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u5b9e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f53\u4e2d\u7a7a\u6307\u9488\u89e3\u5f15\u7528\u51fa\u73b0\u62a5\u9519\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u5728\u9875\u8868\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740，\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u6620\u5c04\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd8\u6709\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f53\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5c31\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5954\u6e83<\/span><\/p>\n

const char* str="hello world";
\n*str="YYY"; <\/p>\n

\u4e4b\u524d\u53ea\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u5e38\u91cf\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5e38\u91cf\u533a\u7684，\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u533a\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6b63\u6587\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u66f4\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u8be5\u533a\u57df\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u9875\u8868\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u865a\u62df\u5230\u7269\u7406\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u65f6\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u81ea\u8bfb\u7684，\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u7684\u6743\u9650，\u90a3\u4e48\u6b64\u65f6\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u9875\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u6743\u9650\u7684\u62e6\u622a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u70b9\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u662f：\u5728\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f53\u4e2d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4f60\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u5224\u65ad，\u8fdb\u800c\u4fdd\u62a4\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u70b9\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u662f\u662f：\u8ba9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u89e3\u8026\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

2.3 \u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u518d\u7406\u89e3<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2amm_struct\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61，\u90a3\u4e48\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8981\u6765\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u4e4b\u524d\u518dC\/C++\u5f53\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528malloc\u548cnew\u7b49\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6bcf\u6b21\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684，\u90a3\u4e48\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u660e\u5728\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5806\u533a\u5462？<\/span><\/p>\n

\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684，linux\u5185\u6838\u4f7f\u7528vm_area_struct \u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u8868\u793a\u2f00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df(VMA)，\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u8d28\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u673a\u5236\u90fd\u4e0d\u540c，\u56e0\u6b64\u2f00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2avm_area_struct\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u662fvm_area_struct\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u8fde\u63a5\u5404\u4e2aVMA，\u65b9\u4fbf\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5feb\u901f\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

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