{"id":35031,"date":"2025-05-02T03:55:45","date_gmt":"2025-05-01T19:55:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/35031.html"},"modified":"2025-05-02T03:55:45","modified_gmt":"2025-05-01T19:55:45","slug":"python-wsgi-%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3%ef%bc%9a%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5%e6%a1%86%e6%9e%b6%e4%b8%8e%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e7%9a%84%e6%a1%a5%e6%a2%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/35031.html","title":{"rendered":"Python WSGI \u8be6\u89e3\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u6846\u67b6\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6865\u6881"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Python WSGI \u8be6\u89e3&#xff1a;\u8fde\u63a5\u6846\u67b6\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6865\u6881<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/20250501195544-6813d1c048294.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>1. \u95ee\u9898\u80cc\u666f&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4f55\u9700\u8981WSGI&#xff1f;<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728Python Web\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u65e9\u671f&#xff08;2003\u5e74\u524d&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9762\u4e34\u4e00\u4e2a\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u95ee\u9898&#xff1a;\u5404Web\u6846\u67b6&#xff08;\u5982Zope\u3001Django\u96cf\u5f62&#xff09;\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff08;Apache mod_python\u7b49&#xff09;\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5f3a\u8026\u5408\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u7279\u5b9a\u6846\u67b6\u540e&#xff0c;\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u914d\u5957\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff0c;\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5272\u88c2\u72b6\u6001\u5bfc\u81f4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6846\u67b6\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9700\u91cd\u590d\u5b9e\u73b0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9002\u914d\u903b\u8f91<\/li>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u6cd5\u81ea\u7531\u7ec4\u5408\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/li>\n<li>\u751f\u6001\u788e\u7247\u5316\u963b\u788d\u4e86Python Web\u53d1\u5c55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. WSGI\u76ee\u6807&#xff1a;\u7edf\u4e00\u63a5\u53e3&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u73b0\u89e3\u8026<\/h3>\n<p>WSGI&#xff08;Web Server Gateway Interface&#xff09;\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f&#xff0c;\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eJava\u4e2d\u7684Servlet API&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u63a5\u53e3&#xff1a;\u5b9a\u4e49\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u7528\u534f\u8bae<\/li>\n<li>\u53cc\u5411\u89e3\u8026&#xff1a;\u6846\u67b6\u65e0\u9700\u5173\u5fc3\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u7279\u5b9a\u6846\u67b6<\/li>\n<li>\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u751f\u6001&#xff1a;\u5141\u8bb8\u63d2\u5165\u591a\u5c42\u5904\u7406\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3. \u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219<\/h3>\n<h4>3.1 \u7b80\u5355\u6027<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u63a5\u53e3\u89c4\u8303\u4ec5\u7ea6100\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0<\/li>\n<li>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\/\u6846\u67b6\u53ea\u9700\u5b9e\u73b0\u5355\u4e00\u8c03\u7528\u5165\u53e3<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ec5\u970010\u884c\u4ee3\u7801<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u652f\u6301\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u7c7b<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">simple_app<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>environ<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> start_response<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    status <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;200 OK&#039;<\/span><br \/>\n    headers <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;Content-Type&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;text\/plain&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><br \/>\n    start_response<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> headers<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token string\">b&#034;Hello World!&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">AppClass<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> environ<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> start_response<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>environ <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> environ<br \/>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>start <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> start_response<\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">__iter__<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        status <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;200 OK&#039;<\/span><br \/>\n        response_headers <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;Content-type&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;text\/plain&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><br \/>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>start<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> response_headers<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">yield<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;Hello world!\\\\n&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>3.2 \u517c\u5bb9\u6027<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u652f\u6301Python 2.2.2\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7248\u672c&#xff08;PEP 3333\u6269\u5c55\u81f3Python 3&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4efb\u4f55\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93<\/li>\n<li>\u5141\u8bb8\u6846\u67b6\u6dfb\u52a0\u9ad8\u7ea7\u62bd\u8c61&#xff08;\u5982Flask\u7684Request\/Response\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3.3 \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u652f\u6301<\/h4>\n<p>\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cc\u5411\u9002\u914d\u5668\u5b58\u5728&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef &lt;-&gt; \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef61 &lt;-&gt; \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef62 &lt;-&gt; \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n<p>\u5178\u578b\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u6848\u4f8b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1&#xff1a;\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u540e\u5411\u4e0b\u4f20\u9012<\/li>\n<li>\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55&#xff1a;\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bf7\u6c42\u8017\u65f6<\/li>\n<li>GZIP\u538b\u7f29&#xff1a;\u538b\u7f29\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4. \u63a5\u53e3\u89c4\u8303\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790<\/h3>\n<h4>4.1 \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7aef<\/h4>\n<h5>\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5951\u7ea6<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff08;\u51fd\u6570\/\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7b49&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u63a5\u6536\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>environ&#xff1a;\u5305\u542bCGI\u98ce\u683c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b57\u5178<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token string\">&#039;REQUEST_METHOD&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;GET&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token string\">&#039;PATH_INFO&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;\/api\/data&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token string\">&#039;QUERY_STRING&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#039;page&#061;2&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\"># \u5171\u7ea630\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u952e&#8230;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span>\n <\/li>\n<li>start_response(status: str, headers: list)&#xff1a;\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff08;\u751f\u6210\u5668\/\u5217\u8868\u7b49&#xff09;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u54cd\u5e94\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h5>\n<li>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u89e3\u6790HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42&#xff0c;\u6784\u5efaenviron<\/li>\n<li>\u8c03\u7528\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u4f20\u5165environ\u548cstart_response<\/li>\n<li>\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528start_response\u8bbe\u7f6e\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5934\u90e8<\/li>\n<li>\u8fed\u4ee3\u5904\u7406\u8fd4\u56de\u5185\u5bb9\u751f\u6210\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53<\/li>\n<h4>4.2 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5b9e\u73b0\u8981\u70b9<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5fc5\u987b\u5904\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u591a\u6b21\u8c03\u7528&#xff08;\u652f\u6301Keep-Alive&#xff09;<\/li>\n<li>\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de500\u9519\u8bef<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">run_server<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>app<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">while<\/span> <span class=\"token boolean\">True<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        environ <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> parse_request<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>client_socket<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">start_response<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> headers<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n            send_headers<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>status<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> headers<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        response <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> app<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>environ<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> start_response<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span> chunk <span class=\"token keyword\">in<\/span> response<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n            send_body<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>chunk<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>5. \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<h4>5.1 \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;URL\u8def\u7531<\/h4>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">class<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">RouterMiddleware<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">__init__<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> app<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>app <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> app<br \/>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>routes <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">add_route<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> path<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> handler<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>routes<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>path<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> handler<\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">def<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">__call__<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>self<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> environ<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> start_response<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n        path <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> environ<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;PATH_INFO&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><br \/>\n        handler <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> self<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>routes<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>get<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>path<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span> handler<span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> handler<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>environ<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> start_response<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">:<\/span><br \/>\n            start_response<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;404 Not Found&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token string\">b&#034;Page not found&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>5.2 \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f<\/h4>\n<p>app <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> LoggerMiddleware<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><br \/>\n          AuthMiddleware<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><br \/>\n              RouterMiddleware<span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>base_app<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n          <span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n      <span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>Logger\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bf7\u6c42\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<li>Auth\u9a8c\u8bc1Cookie\u6709\u6548\u6027<\/li>\n<li>Router\u5339\u914d\u8def\u5f84\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd4\u56de\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u9006\u5e8f\u5904\u7406&#xff08;\u538b\u7f29\u2192\u8bb0\u5f55\u8017\u65f6&#xff09;<\/li>\n<h3>6. 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