{"id":35012,"date":"2025-05-01T18:35:46","date_gmt":"2025-05-01T10:35:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/35012.html"},"modified":"2025-05-01T18:35:46","modified_gmt":"2025-05-01T10:35:46","slug":"linux%e7%9a%84%e6%9d%83%e9%99%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/35012.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u7684\u6743\u9650"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u7528\u6237\u5206\u7c7b<\/p>\n

1.1 \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237(root)\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n

1.2\u00a0\u666e\u901a<->\u8d85\u7ea7<\/p>\n

1.3 sudo<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

2.1 chown&&chgrp<\/p>\n

2.1.1 chown<\/p>\n

2.1.2 chgrp<\/p>\n

2.2 chmod<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

4.1 \u591a\u7528\u6237\u9694\u79bb<\/p>\n

4.2 \/tmp\/<\/p>\n

\n

1\u3001\u7528\u6237\u5206\u7c7b<\/h3>\n

1.1 \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237(root)\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237<\/h4>\n

\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237：\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c，\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53d7\u6743\u9650\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237：\u5728linux\u4e0b\u505a\u6709\u9650\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\/home\/\u7528\u6237\u540d，\u81ea\u5df1\u5bb6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u662f#<\/span>，\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u662f$<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237 \u2192 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801 \u2192 \u5f7b\u5e95\u5220\u9664\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u3002\u4f7f\u7528root\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237，\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981sudo\u3002<\/p>\n

sudo useradd -m \u7528\u6237\u540d # \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u5efa\u7acb\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55（\/home\/\u7528\u6237\u540d）
\nsudo passwd \u7528\u6237\u540d # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801（\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8f93\u5165）
\nsudo userdel -r \u7528\u6237\u540d # \u5f7b\u5e95\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u90ae\u4ef6 <\/p>\n

1.2\u00a0\u666e\u901a<->\u8d85\u7ea7<\/h4>\n

\u666e\u901a-><\/span>\u8d85\u7ea7：\u9700\u8981root\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801<\/span>，\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u4f4e<\/p>\n

su root<\/span>，root\u53ef\u7701\u7565，\u5207\u6362\u5230root\u7528\u6237，\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

su – root<\/span>，root\u53ef\u7701\u7565，\u4ee5root\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u91cd\u65b0\u767b\u5f55，\u8def\u5f84\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d85\u7ea7-><\/span>\u666e\u901a：\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5bc6\u7801<\/span>，root\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u9ad8<\/p>\n

su<\/span> \u7528\u6237\u540d，\u5207\u6362\u5230\u8be5\u7528\u6237，\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

su –<\/span> \u7528\u6237\u540d，\u4ee5\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u91cd\u65b0\u767b\u5f55，\u8def\u5f84\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

1.3 sudo<\/h4>\n

sudo<\/span>：\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u77ed\u6682\u63d0\u6743，\u5982：\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6，\u9700\u8981root\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f：<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53ea\u6709\u5728<\/span>\/etc\/sudoers<\/span>\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u767d\u540d\u5355\u201d\u91cc\u9762，\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528sudo<\/span>，\u8fdb\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u77ed\u6682\u63d0\u6743<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/h3>\n\n\u8bbf\u95ee\u8eab\u4efd\u5224\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u6807\u8bc6<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
\u6240\u6709\u8005(Owner)<\/td>\n\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u8005<\/td>\nu\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u7ec4\u7528\u6237(Group)<\/td>\n\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u7684\u6210\u5458<\/td>\ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237(Others)<\/td>\n\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5728\u7ec4\u4e2d<\/td>\no<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650：<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n

    r<\/span>：\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    w<\/span>：\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    x<\/span>：\u53ef\u6267\u884c（\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\/\u811a\u672c）\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650(\u673a\u4f1a)+\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c(\u80fd\u529b) = \u53ef\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      r<\/span>：\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9，\u5982：ls<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      w<\/span>：\u521b\u5efa\/\u5220\u9664\/\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u00a0\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5220\u9664\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u672c\u8eab\u65e0\u5173，\u4e0e\u6240\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u7684w\u6743\u9650\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      x<\/span>：cd\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u5982：\u5bf9\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6(\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u4e00\u6837)\"\"<\/p>\n

      \u6ce8\u610f：<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u8bbf\u95ee\u8eab\u4efd\u53ea\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u6b21<\/span>，\u6309\u7167\u6240\u6709\u8005，\u7ec4\u7528\u6237，\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n

      \u5982：Lzc\u7528\u6237\u6709\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u7ec4\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u8eab\u4efd，<\/p>\n

      \u4f46Lzc\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6，\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8005，\u5c31\u53ea\u770b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

      2.1 chown&&chgrp<\/h4>\n

      2.1.1 chown<\/h5>\n

      \u529f\u80fd：\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005 \u6216 \u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

      chown [\u9009\u9879] \u65b0\u6240\u6709\u8005 \u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

      chown [\u9009\u9879] \u65b0\u6240\u6709\u8005:\u65b0\u7ec4 \u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55 <\/p>\n\n\u9009\u9879\u4f5c\u7528<\/tr>\n\n\n
      -R<\/span><\/td>\n\u9012\u5f52\u4fee\u6539（\u7528\u4e8e\u76ee\u5f55，\u540c\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u7ec4）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
      2.1.2 chgrp<\/h5>\n

      \u529f\u80fd：\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

      chgrp [\u9009\u9879] \u65b0\u7ec4\u540d \u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

      chgrp -R \u65b0\u7ec4\u540d \u76ee\u5f55\u540d\/ <\/p>\n\n\u9009\u9879\u4f5c\u7528<\/tr>\n\n\n
      -R<\/span><\/td>\n\u9012\u5f52\u4fee\u6539（\u7528\u4e8e\u76ee\u5f55，\u540c\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7ec4）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u6ce8\u610f：<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        \u5141\u8bb8\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7528\u6237：<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \n

          root \u7528\u6237（\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u7ec4）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          \u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005（\u4f46\u4ec5\u9650\u4ee5\u4e0b\u60c5\u51b5）：<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n

            \u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7ec4\u65f6，\u76ee\u6807\u7ec4\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7ec4（\u5426\u5219\u9700\u00a0sudo）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u6709\u8005（\u9700\u00a0sudo，\u5373\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u6709\u8005）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            2.2 chmod<\/h4>\n

            \u529f\u80fd：\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bbf\u95ee\u8eab\u4efd(\u6240\u6709\u8005，\u7ec4，\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237)\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650(rwx)\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u6ce8\u610f：<\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
            • \n

              \u5141\u8bb8\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7528\u6237：<\/p>\n

                \n
              • \n

                \u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005（Owner）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                root \u7528\u6237（\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237，\u65e0\u9650\u5236）\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                chmod [\u9009\u9879] \u6743\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f \u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55 <\/p>\n\n\u9009\u9879\u4f5c\u7528<\/tr>\n\n\n
                -R<\/span><\/td>\n\u9012\u5f52\u4fee\u6539（\u7528\u4e8e\u76ee\u5f55，\u540c\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                \u6743\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

                （1）\u7b26\u53f7\u6a21\u5f0f（u<\/span>\/g<\/span>\/o<\/span>\/a<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>+\u00a0+<\/span>\/–<\/span>\/=<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>+\u00a0r<\/span>\/w<\/span>\/x<\/span>）<\/p>\n\n\u7b26\u53f7\u542b\u4e49<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                u<\/td>\n\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005（user）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                g<\/td>\n\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4（group）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                o<\/td>\n\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237（others）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                a<\/td>\n\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237（all）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                +<\/td>\n\u6dfb\u52a0\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                –<\/td>\n\u79fb\u9664\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                =<\/td>\n\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                \u4f8b：\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528，\u8fde\u7eed\u64cd\u4f5c \"\"<\/p>\n

                a\u662fall，\u4e00\u8d77\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n

                \"\"<\/p>\n

                =，\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbe\u7f6e \"\"<\/p>\n

                （2）\u6570\u5b57\u6a21\u5f0f（3\u4f4d8\u8fdb\u5236\u6570）<\/p>\n\n\u6570\u5b57\u6743\u9650<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
                4<\/td>\n\u8bfb（r）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                2<\/td>\n\u5199（w）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                1<\/td>\n\u6267\u884c（x）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                \u4f8b：666\u5c31\u662f，rw-rw-rw-\u00a0<\/p>\n

                \"\"<\/p>\n

                \u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b：<\/span><\/h4>\n

                root\u7528\u6237，\u968f\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237<\/span>\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/span>\u80fd\u529b = \u8bbf\u95ee\u8eab\u4efd\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6743\u9650<\/span><\/p>\n

                \u8eab\u4efd\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f60\u9002\u7528\u54ea\u7ec4\u6743\u9650\u89c4\u5219（u\/g\/o）<\/p>\n

                \u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u51b3\u5b9a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bb8\u53ef（rwx）<\/p>\n

                3\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650<\/h3>\n

                \u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6：\u8d77\u59cb\u6743\u9650 666，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u5e26\u53ef\u6267\u884cx\u3002\u5982：gcc\u540e，\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u52a0x\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u666e\u901a\u76ee\u5f55：\u8d77\u59cb\u6743\u9650 777，\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u8981r(\u5982：ls)，w(\u4fee\u6539)，x(\u5982：cd)\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u4f46\u662f，\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2aumask<\/span>，\u6743\u9650\u63a9\u7801\u3002\u60f3\u8981\u4e34\u65f6\u4fee\u6539umask<\/span>，\u5982：umask 002\u3002<\/p>\n

                \"\"<\/p>\n

                \u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650 = \u8d77\u59cb\u6743\u9650 & (~umask)<\/span>\u3002umask<\/span>\u7684\u540e\u4e09\u4f4d\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u53c2\u4e0e\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u6548\u679c：umask<\/span>\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0(\u4e3a1)\u7684\u6743\u9650，\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0(\u4e3a0)，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u63a7\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

                \"\"<\/p>\n

                4\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n

                4.1 \u591a\u7528\u6237\u9694\u79bb<\/h4>\n

                \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u5728\/home\/\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

                \"\"<\/p>\n

                \u4efb\u4f55\u7528\u6237(root\u7528\u6237\u4f8b\u5916)\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

                4.2 \/tmp\/<\/h4>\n

                \u9700\u6c42：\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55，\u4f46\u662f\u975e\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6(\u53ea\u80fd\u5220\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55)\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d（\u7528\u00a0chmod +t<\/span>），\u5219\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5220\u9664\u6743\u9650\u53d7\u5982\u4e0b\u9650\u5236：<\/p>\n

              • \n

                \u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237（root）\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              • \n

                \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                \u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u5199\u6743\u9650（w<\/span>）\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5220\u9664\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u800c\/tmp\/\u5c31\u662f\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u76ee\u5f55，\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55，\u4f46\u662f\u53ea\u80fd\u5220\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u3002 \"\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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