![\"menu-r.4af5f7ec.gif\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250430015041-681181f14b808.gif\")
<\/p>\n \u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 <\/p>\n
\u7b80\u4ecb：Java\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00，\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002\u672c\u9879\u76ee\u5c06\u5411\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Java\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u6613\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7406\u89e3HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406，\u5b9e\u73b0\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684URL\u89e3\u6790\u3001Socket\u8fde\u63a5\u3001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u6784\u9020\u548c\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u5199\u7b49\u529f\u80fd；\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3001\u5904\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3001HTTP\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u7b49\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u52a0\u6df1\u5bf9Java\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7406\u89e3，\u8fd8\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u6784\u5efa\u5bf9Web\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u8ba4\u8bc6，\u63d0\u5347\u5c06\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002 ![\"java\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250430015041-681181f171a87.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e24\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5728Java\u4e2d，\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u51e0\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5，\u5982IP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u5957\u63a5\u5b57（Socket）\u7b49\u3002Java\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u5e93，\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u534f\u8bae，\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u4eba\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u7684Socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728Java\u4e2d，\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7 java.net.Socket \u7c7b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a Socket \u5b9e\u4f8b，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41（InputStream\u548cOutputStream）\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528 Socket \u7c7b，\u800c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5219\u4f7f\u7528 ServerSocket \u7c7b\u6765\u76d1\u542c\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3，\u63a5\u53d7\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801
\nSocket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8080);
\nInputStream input = socket.getInputStream();
\nOutputStream output = socket.getOutputStream();<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42
\noutput.write("GET \/ HTTP\/1.1\\\\r\\\\nHost: 127.0.0.1\\\\r\\\\n\\\\r\\\\n".getBytes());
\noutput.flush();<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u63a5\u6536HTTP\u54cd\u5e94
\nbyte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
\nint bytesRead;
\nwhile ((bytesRead = input.read(buffer)) != -1) {
\n String response = new String(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e
\n}<\/p>\n
socket.close();<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Java\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u54cd\u5e94\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef，\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u5faa\u73af\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u636e，\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u53d6\u5b8c\u6574\u7684HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u91ca\u653e\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027，\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u4e0e\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8Java\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762（UI）\u662f\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u754c\u9762\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec\u5730\u5740\u680f\u3001\u524d\u8fdb\/\u540e\u9000\u6309\u94ae\u3001\u4e66\u7b7e\u83dc\u5355\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5bfc\u822a\u7f51\u9875，\u8fdb\u884c\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u6784\u5efaUI\u65f6，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c（UX）\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219，\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u754c\u9762\u7684\u6613\u7528\u6027\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u3002UI\u7ec4\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u7531HTML\u3001CSS\u548cJavaScript\u6784\u5efa，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u521b\u5efa\u52a8\u6001\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u5f0f\u7684\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765，\u5206\u6790\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528HTML\u548cJavaScript\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5730\u5740\u680f，\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n
<!DOCTYPE html>
\n<html>
\n<head>
\n <title>\u7b80\u5355\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668UI<\/title>
\n<\/head>
\n<body>
\n <input type="text" id="urlBar" placeholder="\u8f93\u5165\u7f51\u5740"\/>
\n <button onclick="goToUrl()">\u524d\u5f80<\/button><\/p>\n
<script>
\n function goToUrl() {
\n var url = document.getElementById('urlBar').value;
\n window.location.href = url;
\n }
\n <\/script>
\n<\/body>
\n<\/html><\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u6846\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6309\u94ae\u3002\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7f51\u5740\u540e\u70b9\u51fb\u6309\u94ae，\u9875\u9762\u5c31\u4f1a\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u8f93\u5165\u7684URL\u5730\u5740\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u4e86UI\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ea4\u4e92\u5b9e\u73b0，\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668UI\u8981\u590d\u6742\u5f97\u591a，\u5305\u62ec\u5904\u7406\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u4e66\u7b7e\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u6e32\u67d3\u5f15\u64ce\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06HTML\u3001CSS\u548cJavaScript\u4ee3\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u9645\u770b\u5230\u548c\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u9875\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4：\u89e3\u6790HTML\u548cXML\u6587\u6863，\u521b\u5efaDOM\u6811，\u6837\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97，\u5e03\u5c40\u5904\u7406，\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7ed8\u5236\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6587\u6863\u65f6，\u6e32\u67d3\u5f15\u64ce\u4f1a\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aDocument Object Model (DOM)\u3002DOM\u662f\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u8868\u793a，\u5141\u8bb8JavaScript\u4e0e\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u6837\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u6d89\u53ca\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u7684CSS\u89c4\u5219\u5e94\u7528\u5230DOM\u8282\u70b9，\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u6837\u5f0f\u3002\u5e03\u5c40\u5904\u7406\u5219\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u6e32\u67d3\u6d41\u7a0b\u793a\u4f8b，\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406HTML\u6587\u6863： <\/p>\n
graph TD
\n A[\u5f00\u59cb\u89e3\u6790HTML] –> B[\u6784\u5efaDOM\u6811]
\n B –> C[\u6837\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97]
\n C –> D[\u5e03\u5c40\u5904\u7406]
\n D –> E[\u7ed8\u5236\u5230\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a]<\/p>\n
\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f，\u5b9e\u9645\u6e32\u67d3\u6d41\u7a0b\u6bd4\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742，\u6d89\u53ca\u5f88\u591a\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u5904\u7406，\u4f8b\u5982\u5229\u7528\u5c42\u53e0\u6837\u5f0f\u8868（CSS）\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u8d44\u6e90\u4ee5\u53caDOM\u548cCSSOM\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u9010\u6b65\u8fdb\u884c，\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u5b8c\u5168\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5730\u5740\u680f\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2aURL\u5e76\u6309\u56de\u8f66\u952e\u540e，\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u89e3\u6790\u8be5URL，\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u5bfc\u822a\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u89e3\u6790URL\u6d89\u53ca\u83b7\u53d6\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5bfc\u822a\u6d41\u7a0b\u5219\u5305\u62ecDNS\u67e5\u627e\u3001\u5efa\u7acbTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4，URL\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210： <\/p>\n
<!– URL\u89e3\u6790\u793a\u4f8b –>
\n<a href="https:\/\/www.example.com:443\/path\/to\/page?query=string#anchor"><\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d， https \u662f\u534f\u8bae， www.example.com \u662f\u4e3b\u673a\u540d， 443 \u662f\u7aef\u53e3， \/path\/to\/page \u662f\u8def\u5f84， query=string \u662f\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32， anchor \u662f\u951a\u70b9\u3002 <\/p>\n
HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u7531\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6d88\u606f，\u5b83\u7531\u8bf7\u6c42\u884c\u3001\u5934\u90e8\u548c\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4f53\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d，\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165URL\u5e76\u8bf7\u6c42\u5bfc\u822a\u65f6，\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e，\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fd4\u56de\u76f8\u5e94\u7684HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u3002 <\/p>\n
HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u5305\u62ec\u72b6\u6001\u884c\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u884c\u5305\u542bHTTP\u534f\u8bae\u7248\u672c\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u5305\u542b\u54cd\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f，\u5982\u5185\u5bb9\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u957f\u5ea6\u7b49\u3002\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801： <\/p>\n
GET \/path\/to\/page HTTP\/1.1
\nHost: www.example.com
\nUser-Agent: Mozilla\/5.0
\nAccept: text\/html,application\/xhtml+xml,application\/xml;q=0.9,*\/*;q=0.8
\nAccept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
\nConnection: keep-alive
\nUpgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6761HTTP GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5，\u5e76\u8bf7\u6c42\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6269\u5c55\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6269\u5c55\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u63d2\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6269\u5c55，\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u65e7\u7684\u6216\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u683c\u5f0f，\u4f8b\u5982Adobe Flash\u6216Java Applets\u3002\u800c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6269\u5c55\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528Web\u6280\u672f（HTML\u3001CSS\u548cJavaScript）\u6784\u5efa，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6269\u5c55API\u4e0e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5185\u90e8\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u6269\u5c55\u52a0\u8f7d\u673a\u5236\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4： <\/p>\n
\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u811a\u672c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3b\u8981\u662fJavaScript，\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7f16\u5199\u80fd\u591f\u64cd\u7eb5DOM\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u901a\u8fc7DOM\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684JavaScript\u793a\u4f8b，\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528DOM API\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u9875\u9762： <\/p>\n
<!DOCTYPE html>
\n<html>
\n<head>
\n <title>DOM\u64cd\u4f5c\u793a\u4f8b<\/title>
\n<\/head>
\n<body>
\n <h1 id="header">\u8fd9\u662f\u6807\u9898<\/h1>
\n <script>
\n var header = document.getElementById('header');
\n header.innerHTML = '\u6807\u9898\u5df2\u88ab\u4fee\u6539';
\n <\/script>
\n<\/body>
\n<\/html><\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7 getElementById \u51fd\u6570\u627e\u5230ID\u4e3a header \u7684\u5143\u7d20，\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528 innerHTML \u5c5e\u6027\u66f4\u6539\u4e86\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8fd9\u53ea\u662fDOM\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50，\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u901a\u8fc7JavaScript\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5305\u62ec\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76d1\u542c\u5668\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u79fb\u52a8\u8282\u70b9\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206，\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5206\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u7ae0\u8282\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u8ba8：\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u529f\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0，\u4ee5\u53ca\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u67b6\u6784\u65f6，\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u591a\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u5e76\u53d1\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1，\u5171\u4eab\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u5f00\u9500\u5c0f\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u7b80\u5355，\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u591a\u6838\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762，\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u5219\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4，\u8fd9\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7，\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u9ad8，\u4e14\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u8f83\u5927\u3002 <\/p>\n
\/\/ \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801：\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u67b6\u6784
\nclass ServerThread extends Thread {
\n public void run() {
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u4ee3\u7801
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42
\nfor (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
\n new ServerThread().start();
\n}<\/p>\n
\u968f\u7740\u7528\u6237\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0，\u5355\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f88\u96be\u627f\u8f7d\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f，\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u5206\u53d1\u5230\u591a\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a，\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u65f6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u591a\u79cd\u7b56\u7565，\u5982\u8f6e\u8be2\u3001\u6700\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u3002\u6b64\u5916，\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u6846\u67b6\u5982Netty\u6216Kafka，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6846\u67b6\u901a\u5e38\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86\u5bf9\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u3001\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002 <\/p>\n
Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u6700\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42，\u63d0\u4f9b\u9759\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u670d\u52a1，\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ea4\u4e92\u6765\u751f\u6210\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u751f\u6210\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u6e32\u67d3\u6216\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u5904\u7406，\u800c\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5219\u7b80\u5355\u5f97\u591a，\u4ec5\u9700\u8bfb\u53d6\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u670d\u52a1\u65f6，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u540e\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u6846\u67b6（\u5982Spring MVC\u6216Django）\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92，\u5904\u7406\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91，\u5e76\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6620\u5c04\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002 <\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801：\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1（Flask\u6846\u67b6）
\nfrom flask import Flask, send_from_directory<\/p>\n
app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/static\/<filename>')
\ndef serve_static(filename):
\n return send_from_directory('static', filename)<\/p>\n
\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3（\u5982Servlet API）\u548c\u6846\u67b6（\u5982Spring Boot\u6216Express.js）\u7b80\u5316\u4e86Web\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u548c\u5de5\u5177，\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u642d\u5efa\u8d77\u5065\u58ee\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982，\u5728Java\u4e2d，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627f HttpServlet \u7c7b\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0 doGet \u6216 doPost \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u800c\u5728Node.js\u7684Express\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d，\u8def\u7531\u548c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\u6781\u5927\u5730\u7b80\u5316\u4e86Web\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u968f\u7740\u7f51\u7edc\u653b\u51fb\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u8fdb\u548c\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u4f53\u9a8c\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u53d8\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u53ef\u80fd\u6e90\u81ea\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8f6f\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u5f53\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u5305\u62ecSQL\u6ce8\u5165\u3001\u8de8\u7ad9\u811a\u672c\u653b\u51fb（XSS）\u3001\u8de8\u7ad9\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f2a\u9020（CSRF）\u7b49\u3002\u9632\u62a4\u63aa\u65bd\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e： <\/p>\n
\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u8c03\u4f18\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u5982Prometheus\u3001Grafana\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u6d4b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\u3002\u8c03\u4f18\u7b56\u7565\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762： <\/p>\n
# \u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u793a\u4f8b：\u4f7f\u7528Prometheus\u548cGrafana\u76d1\u63a7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6027\u80fd
\n# \u5b89\u88c5Prometheus：
\nwget https:\/\/github.com\/prometheus\/prometheus\/releases\/download\/v2.20.1\/prometheus-2.20.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
\ntar xvfz prometheus-2.20.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
\ncd prometheus-2.20.1.linux-amd64<\/p>\n
# \u542f\u52a8Prometheus\u670d\u52a1：
\n.\/prometheus –config.file=prometheus.yml<\/p>\n
# \u5b89\u88c5Grafana：
\nsudo apt-get install -y grafana<\/p>\n
# \u914d\u7f6eGrafana\u8fde\u63a5Prometheus：
\nsudo service grafana-server start<\/p>\n
\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282，\u5305\u62ec\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u529f\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6838\u5fc3，\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u597d\u574f\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u5e94\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u77e5\u8bc6，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u5927\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u7edf\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7b26（Uniform Resource Locator，URL）\u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684URL\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u6784： <\/p>\n
scheme:\/\/username:password@host:port\/path?query_string#fragment_id<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u6790URL\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5176\u8bbf\u95ee\u8d44\u6e90\u3002Java\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 java.net.URL \u7c7b\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u64cd\u4f5cURL\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002 <\/p>\n
URL\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b57\u7b26（\u5982\u7a7a\u683c\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u7b26\u53f7）\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528，\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u76f8\u53cd，\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6，\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u7f16\u7801\u540e\u7684URL\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u7801\u3002 <\/p>\n
import java.net.URL;
\nimport java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;<\/p>\n
public class URLCodecExample {
\n public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
\n String urlStr = "http:\/\/example.com\/path?query=Spaces should be encoded";
\n URL url = new URL(urlStr);<\/p>\n
String encodedPath = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(url.getPath(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
\n String encodedQuery = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(url.getQuery(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\u7f16\u7801\u540e\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
\n System.out.println("Encoded Path: " + encodedPath);
\n System.out.println("Encoded Query: " + encodedQuery);<\/p>\n
String decodedPath = java.net.URLDecoder.decode(encodedPath, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
\n String decodedQuery = java.net.URLDecoder.decode(encodedQuery, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\u89e3\u7801\u540e\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
\n System.out.println("Decoded Path: " + decodedPath);
\n System.out.println("Decoded Query: " + decodedQuery);
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
Socket\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3，\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002Socket\u901a\u4fe1\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u76d1\u542c\u67d0\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n
import java.io.BufferedReader;
\nimport java.io.InputStreamReader;
\nimport java.io.PrintWriter;
\nimport java.net.Socket;<\/p>\n
public class SimpleClient {
\n public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
\n String host = "localhost";
\n int port = 12345;
\n try (Socket socket = new Socket(host, port)) {
\n PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);
\n BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));<\/p>\n
out.println("Hello, Server!");<\/p>\n
String response = in.readLine();
\n System.out.println("Server: " + response);
\n } catch (Exception e) {
\n e.printStackTrace();
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u975e\u963b\u585eIO（Non-blocking I\/O）\u5141\u8bb8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d1\u8d77\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u3002Java\u7684NIO\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u975e\u963b\u585eIO\u7684\u652f\u6301，\u7279\u522b\u662f Selector \u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u591a\u4e2a SocketChannel \u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f，\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
\nimport java.nio.ByteBuffer;
\nimport java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
\nimport java.nio.channels.Selector;
\nimport java.util.Iterator;<\/p>\n
public class NonBlockingSocketExample {
\n public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
\n Selector selector = Selector.open();
\n SocketChannel channel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 12345));
\n channel.configureBlocking(false);
\n channel.register(selector, channel.validOps());<\/p>\n
while (true) {
\n if (selector.select() > 0) {
\n Iterator<SelectionKey> iter = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
\n while (iter.hasNext()) {
\n SelectionKey key = iter.next();
\n if (key.isReadable()) {
\n ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
\n SocketChannel ch = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
\n int readBytes = ch.read(buffer);
\n if (readBytes > 0) {
\n buffer.flip();
\n System.out.println("Read " + readBytes + " bytes: " + new String(buffer.array(), 0, readBytes));
\n }
\n }
\n iter.remove();
\n }
\n }
\n \/\/ \u6a21\u62df\u5176\u4ed6\u5904\u7406
\n Thread.sleep(100);
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u901a\u4fe1\u5b89\u5168，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528SSL（\u5b89\u5168\u5957\u63a5\u5c42）\u6216TLS（\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u5b89\u5168\u534f\u8bae）\u4e3aSocket\u901a\u4fe1\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002Java\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 SSLSocket \u7c7b，\u5b83\u662f\u5728 Socket \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86SSL\u534f\u8bae\u3002 <\/p>\n
import javax.net.ssl.*;<\/p>\n
public class SSLSocketExample {
\n public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
\n String host = "localhost";
\n int port = 12345;<\/p>\n
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
\n sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[] { new NullTrustManager() }, new java.security.SecureRandom());<\/p>\n
SSLSocketFactory sslFactory = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
\n SSLSocket socket = (SSLSocket) sslFactory.createSocket(host, port);
\n socket.setEnabledProtocols(new String[] {"TLSv1.2"});<\/p>\n
socket.startHandshake();<\/p>\n
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);
\n BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));<\/p>\n
out.println("Hello, Secure Server!");
\n String response = in.readLine();
\n System.out.println("Server: " + response);<\/p>\n
socket.close();
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u957f\u8fde\u63a5（Long-lived connection）\u662f\u7ef4\u6301\u4e00\u4e2a\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5，\u5e76\u591a\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5fc3\u8df3（Heartbeat）\u673a\u5236\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u6d4b\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5426\u6d3b\u8dc3，\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u5468\u671f\u6027\u53d1\u9001\u5c0f\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002 <\/p>\n
import java.io.IOException;
\nimport java.net.Socket;
\nimport java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;<\/p>\n
public class\u5fc3\u8df3\u673a\u5236 {
\n public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
\n Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 12345);
\n try {
\n \/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u4fdd\u6301\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u53c2\u6570
\n socket.setKeepAlive(true);
\n socket.setSoLinger(true, 10); \/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6elinger\u503c\u4e3a10\u79d2<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u957f\u8fde\u63a5\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5fc3\u8df3\u673a\u5236\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u7528，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528socket\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\u53d1\u9001\u5fc3\u8df3\u6d88\u606f
\n while (true) {
\n TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
\n String heartbeat = "Heartbeat";
\n socket.getOutputStream().write(heartbeat.getBytes());
\n socket.getOutputStream().flush();
\n \/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u54cd\u5e94\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5e38
\n }
\n } finally {
\n socket.close();
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\u4ec5\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u7ae0\u8282\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u5728\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7ec6\u8282，\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u52a0\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u548c\u793a\u4f8b，\u786e\u4fdd\u8bfb\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u5168\u9762\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u3002 <\/p>\n
HTTP（\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae）\u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u5e94\u7528\u6700\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u5e94\u7b54\u7684\u6807\u51c6（TCP）\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u901a\u5e38，\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u7531\u8bf7\u6c42\u884c\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3001\u7a7a\u884c\u548c\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u8bf7\u6c42\u884c\u5305\u542b\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d44\u6e90\u7684URI（\u7edf\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26）\u3001HTTP\u7248\u672c；\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u5305\u542b\u5173\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u73af\u5883\u548c\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e；\u7a7a\u884c\u7528\u6765\u5206\u9694\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u548c\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e；\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u5219\u5305\u542b\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e，\u5b83\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587，\u5176\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u72b6\u6001\u884c\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u3001\u7a7a\u884c\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u884c\u5305\u542bHTTP\u7248\u672c\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4ee5\u53ca\u89e3\u91ca\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u662f\u7531\u4e09\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u6210，\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u6216\u88ab\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982， 200 OK \u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f， 404 Not Found \u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u672a\u627e\u5230\u3002 <\/p>\n
HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u7ec4\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6307\u793a\u5bf9\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684HTTP\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd： – GET：\u8bf7\u6c42\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u7279\u5b9a\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 – POST：\u63d0\u4ea4\u6570\u636e\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4\u3002 – PUT：\u4e0a\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002 – DELETE：\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 – HEAD：\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e，\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e3b\u4f53\u90e8\u5206\u3002 – OPTIONS：\u67e5\u8be2\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u652f\u6301\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 – CONNECT：\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u96a7\u9053，\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002 <\/p>\n
HTTP\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u989d\u5916\u4fe1\u606f，\u5b83\u4eec\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u534f\u5546\u7b49\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684HTTP\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5\u5305\u62ec： – Content-Type ：\u6307\u660e\u8d44\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b，\u5982 text\/html \u3002 – Content-Length ：\u6307\u660e\u6d88\u606f\u4f53\u957f\u5ea6\u3002 – Accept ：\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u671f\u671b\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7c7b\u578b\u3002 – Authorization ：\u7528\u4e8e\u4f20\u9012\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4fe1\u606f，\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 – User-Agent ：\u5305\u542b\u53d1\u51fa\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 – Cache-Control ：\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u7f13\u5b58\u6307\u4ee4，\u4f8b\u5982 no-cache \u3002 – Connection ：\u4f8b\u5982 keep-alive ，\u5141\u8bb8\u6301\u7eed\u8fde\u63a5，\u907f\u514d\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\/\u54cd\u5e94\u540e\u90fd\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u6784\u9020HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6，\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a HttpRequest \u5bf9\u8c61，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\u548c\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50，\u4f7f\u7528Java\u7684 HttpURLConnection \u7c7b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aGET\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n
import java.io.BufferedReader;
\nimport java.io.InputStreamReader;
\nimport java.net.HttpURLConnection;
\nimport java.net.URL;<\/p>\n
\/\/ …<\/p>\n
URL url = new URL("http:\/\/example.com\/resource");
\nHttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5
\nconnection.setRequestMethod("GET");<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u901a\u7528\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c5e\u6027
\nconnection.setRequestProperty("Accept", "text\/html");
\nconnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Java client");<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c
\nconnection.connect();<\/p>\n
\/\/ …<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a URL \u5bf9\u8c61，\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528 openConnection \u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a HttpURLConnection \u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a GET ，\u5e76\u4e14\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934，\u5982 Accept \u548c User-Agent ，\u4ee5\u544a\u77e5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u671b\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u6700\u540e，\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528 connect \u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aPOST\u8bf7\u6c42，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\u5199\u5165\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53，\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aPOST\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u5305\u542b\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 <\/p>\n
import java.io.OutputStream;
\nimport java.io.BufferedReader;
\nimport java.io.InputStreamReader;
\nimport java.net.HttpURLConnection;
\nimport java.net.URL;<\/p>\n
\/\/ …<\/p>\n
URL url = new URL("http:\/\/example.com\/resource");
\nHttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5
\nconnection.setRequestMethod("POST");<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u901a\u7528\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c5e\u6027
\nconnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application\/x-www-form-urlencoded");<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u524d，\u6700\u540e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5982\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027
\nconnection.setDoOutput(true);
\nconnection.setDoInput(true);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u83b7\u53d6OutputStream\u5bf9\u8c61，\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53
\nOutputStream outputStream = connection.getOutputStream();
\nString postParams = "key1=value1&key2=value2";
\noutputStream.write(postParams.getBytes());
\noutputStream.flush();
\noutputStream.close();<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bfb\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9
\nBufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
\nString line;
\nwhile ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9
\n}
\nbufferedReader.close();<\/p>\n
\/\/ …<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6b64\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a POST ，\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86 Content-Type \u8bf7\u6c42\u5934，\u8868\u660e\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u662f application\/x-www-form-urlencoded \u3002\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u6253\u5f00\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41 outputStream ，\u51c6\u5907\u5199\u5165POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u6570\u636e\u7f16\u7801\u4e3aUTF-8\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u5217\u540e，\u5199\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\u3002\u6700\u540e，\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u83b7\u53d6\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387，HTTP\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u538b\u7f29\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u6216\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e Accept-Encoding \u548c Content-Encoding \u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u7b97\u6cd5\u5305\u62ecGzip\u3001Deflate\u548cBrotli\u3002 <\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7Gzip\u538b\u7f29\u5185\u5bb9
\nconnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Encoding", "gzip");<\/p>\n
\/\/ …<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56deGzip\u538b\u7f29\u5185\u5bb9
\nconnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Encoding", "gzip");<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6，\u5982\u679c\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u5305\u542b Content-Encoding: gzip ，\u5219\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u89e3\u7801\u5e93\u6765\u89e3\u7801\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5206\u5757\u4f20\u8f93\u7f16\u7801\u5141\u8bb8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u6574\u4e2a\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e，\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002HTTP\u5934\u4e2d\u7684 Transfer-Encoding: chunked \u8868\u660e\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5206\u5757\u7f16\u7801\u3002 <\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5206\u5757\u4f20\u8f93\u7f16\u7801
\nconnection.setRequestProperty("TE", "chunked");<\/p>\n
\/\/ …<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bfb\u53d6\u5206\u5757\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53
\n\/\/ …<\/p>\n
HTTP\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u76f8\u5173\u5934\u5b57\u6bb5，\u5982 Cache-Control ，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u793a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ee3\u7406\u7f13\u5b58\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d1f\u8f7d，\u8fd8\u80fd\u52a0\u901f\u9875\u9762\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u901f\u5ea6\u3002 <\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4ee5\u6307\u793a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f13\u5b58\u5185\u5bb9
\nconnection.setRequestProperty("Cache-Control", "max-age=3600");<\/p>\n
\/\/ …<\/p>\n
\u81f3\u6b64，\u6211\u4eec\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u6784\u9020\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u5199\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4ecb\u7ecd，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3Java\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u8ba1\u591a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5904\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6700\u540e，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a2\u7d22\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u7840，\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u76d1\u542c\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002Java\u901a\u8fc7ServerSocket\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u529f\u80fd，\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002 <\/p>\n
ServerSocket\u7c7b\u662fJava\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u7c7b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aServerSocket\u5b9e\u4f8b，\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002 <\/p>\n
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(portNumber);<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u76d1\u542c\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u7684ServerSocket\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f，\u5982\u679c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5360\u7528，\u5219\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa IOException \u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u4e00\u65e6ServerSocket\u88ab\u521b\u5efa，\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u5904\u4e8e\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f，\u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n
ServerSocket\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u5f85，\u76f4\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u8fbe\u65f6，ServerSocket\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684Socket\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n
Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();<\/p>\n
accept() \u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u5f53\u524d\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u76f4\u5230\u6709\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u6210\u529f\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u540e，ServerSocket\u7ee7\u7eed\u76d1\u542c\u5176\u4ed6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e0b，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u6b64\u65f6，\u963b\u585e\u673a\u5236\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728 accept() \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7b49\u5f85，\u76f4\u5230\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6，\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u591a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5904\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u6d88\u8017\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728Java\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u3002 <\/p>\n
while (true) {
\n Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();
\n new Thread(new ClientHandler(clientSocket)).start();
\n}<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u4e2d， ClientHandler \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86Runnable\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u7c7b，\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u6837，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u90fd\u4f1a\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u65f6\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500\u3002 <\/p>\n
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
\nwhile (true) {
\n Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();
\n executor.execute(new ClientHandler(clientSocket));
\n}<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 ExecutorService \u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf，\u9632\u6b62\u8d44\u6e90\u8017\u5c3d\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002Java NIO\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u975e\u963b\u585eIO\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u5668(Selector)\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n
Selector\u5141\u8bb8\u5355\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u9053，\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u901a\u9053\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837，\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u76d1\u542c\u591a\u4e2a\u901a\u9053\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6，\u4f8b\u5982\u8bfb\u5199\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002 <\/p>\n
Selector selector = Selector.open();
\nserverSocket = ServerSocketChannel.open().socket();
\nserverSocket.bind(new InetSocketAddress(portNumber));
\nserverSocket.configureBlocking(false);
\nserverSocket.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u5e76\u6ce8\u518c\u4e86ServerSocketChannel\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u963b\u585e\u5730\u7b49\u5f85\u8fde\u63a5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60，\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5206\u53d1\u5668\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u90fd\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6765\u54cd\u5e94\u3002 <\/p>\n
while (true) {
\n int readyChannels = selector.select();
\n if (readyChannels == 0) continue;
\n Set<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
\n for (SelectionKey key : selectedKeys) {
\n if (key.isAcceptable()) {
\n SocketChannel client = ((ServerSocketChannel)key.channel()).accept();
\n client.configureBlocking(false);
\n client.register(key.selector(), SelectionKey.OP_READ);
\n }
\n if (key.isReadable()) {
\n \/\/ handle read event
\n }
\n }
\n selectedKeys.clear();
\n}<\/p>\n
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\u7b80\u4ecb：Java\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00，\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002\u672c\u9879\u76ee\u5c06\u5411\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Java\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u6613\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7406\u89e3HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406，\u5b9e\u73b0\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684URL\u89e3\u6790\u3001Socket\u8fde\u63a5\u3001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u6784\u9020\u548c\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u5199\u7b49\u529f\u80fd；\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u73b0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u76d1\u542c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3001\u5904\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3001HTTP\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u7b49\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u52a0\u6df1\u5bf9Java\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7406\u89e3，\u8fd8\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u6784\u5efa\u5bf9Web\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u8ba4\u8bc6，\u63d0\u5347\u5c06\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 <\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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