{"id":34019,"date":"2025-04-28T22:09:40","date_gmt":"2025-04-28T14:09:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/34019.html"},"modified":"2025-04-28T22:09:40","modified_gmt":"2025-04-28T14:09:40","slug":"%e6%b7%b1%e5%85%a5%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3-java-%e6%a8%a1%e6%9d%bf%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%a3%e7%a0%81%e5%a4%8d%e7%94%a8%e4%b8%8e%e6%9e%b6%e6%9e%84%e4%bc%98%e5%8c%96%e7%9a%84%e5%88%a9%e5%99%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/34019.html","title":{"rendered":"\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3 Java \u6a21\u677f\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u7528\u4e0e\u67b6\u6784\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u5229\u5668"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3 Java \u6a21\u677f\u6a21\u5f0f：\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u7528\u4e0e\u67b6\u6784\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u5229\u5668<\/h2>\n

\u5728 Java \u7f16\u7a0b\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d，\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5982\u540c\u667a\u6167\u7684\u7ed3\u6676，\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5e94\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5176\u4e2d，\u6a21\u677f\u6a21\u5f0f（Template Pattern）\u4ee5\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u7528\u548c\u6d41\u7a0b\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u80fd\u529b，\u6210\u4e3a\u6784\u5efa\u7075\u6d3b\u4e14\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4eca\u5929，\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u540c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7a76 Java \u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u6a21\u5f0f：\u6982\u5ff5\u521d\u7aa5<\/h3>\n

\u6a21\u677f\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u884c\u4e3a\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f，\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u9aa8\u67b6，\u5c06\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5230\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u901a\u4fd7\u6765\u8bb2，\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u5236\u4f5c\u4e00\u676f\u5496\u5561，\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u5236\u4f5c\u62ff\u94c1\u3001\u6469\u5361\u8fd8\u662f\u7f8e\u5f0f，\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u6d41\u7a0b（\u70e7\u6c34\u3001\u7814\u78e8\u5496\u5561\u8c46\u3001\u51b2\u6ce1\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u8c03\u6599）\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684，\u53ea\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282（\u5982\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u725b\u5976\u91cf\u3001\u5de7\u514b\u529b\u7c89\u7684\u4f7f\u7528）\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e16\u754c\u91cc，\u6a21\u677f\u6a21\u5f0f\u6b63\u662f\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u901a\u7528\u6d41\u7a0b\u62bd\u8c61\u6210\u7236\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u65b9\u6cd5，\u53ef\u53d8\u90e8\u5206\u4ea4\u7531\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u5b9a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5256\u6790<\/h3>\n

\u5728 Java \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d，\u6a21\u677f\u6a21\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5173\u952e\u89d2\u8272：<\/p>\n

  • \u62bd\u8c61\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b（Abstract Class）：\u5b83\u58f0\u660e\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5，\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a templateMethod \u7684 final \u65b9\u6cd5，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u9aa8\u67b6，\u6309\u7167\u56fa\u5b9a\u987a\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u62bd\u8c61\u6216\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982：<\/li>\n

    public<\/span> abstract<\/span> class<\/span> CoffeeMaker<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n \/\/ \u6a21\u677f\u65b9\u6cd5，\u56fa\u5b9a\u6d41\u7a0b<\/span>
    \n public<\/span> final<\/span> void<\/span> makeCoffee<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n boilWater<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n grindCoffeeBeans<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n brew<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n addCondiments<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

    protected<\/span> abstract<\/span> void<\/span> grindCoffeeBeans<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n protected<\/span> abstract<\/span> void<\/span> addCondiments<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    private<\/span> void<\/span> boilWater<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"Boiling water…"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

    private<\/span> void<\/span> brew<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"Brewing coffee…"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u91cc，makeCoffee \u662f\u6a21\u677f\u65b9\u6cd5，\u5b83\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5236\u4f5c\u5496\u5561\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u53d8，\u800c grindCoffeeBeans \u548c addCondiments \u7559\u7ed9\u5b50\u7c7b\u53bb\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0，\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u5496\u5561\u5236\u4f5c\u8fd9\u4e24\u6b65\u5dee\u5f02\u8f83\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

  • \u5177\u4f53\u5b50\u7c7b（Concrete Classes）：\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u62bd\u8c61\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b，\u5b9e\u73b0\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5，\u5b8c\u6210\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7279\u5b9a\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u6bd4\u5982：<\/li>\n

    public<\/span> class<\/span> LatteMaker<\/span> extends<\/span> CoffeeMaker<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n @Override<\/span>
    \n protected<\/span> void<\/span> grindCoffeeBeans<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"Grinding coffee beans for latte…"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

    @Override<\/span>
    \n protected<\/span> void<\/span> addCondiments<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"Adding milk and sugar for latte…"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    public<\/span> class<\/span> AmericanoMaker<\/span> extends<\/span> CoffeeMaker<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n @Override<\/span>
    \n protected<\/span> void<\/span> grindCoffeeBeans<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"Grinding coffee beans for americano…"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

    @Override<\/span>
    \n protected<\/span> void<\/span> addCondiments<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
    \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"Adding nothing, americano is pure coffee…"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
    \n }<\/span>
    \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

    LatteMaker \u548c AmericanoMaker \u6839\u636e\u81ea\u8eab\u5496\u5561\u7c7b\u578b，\u5b9e\u73b0\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5496\u5561\u8c46\u7814\u78e8\u548c\u8c03\u6599\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b9\u5f0f，\u590d\u7528\u4e86\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u70e7\u6c34\u3001\u51b2\u6ce1\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e09\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5c3d\u663e<\/h3>\n
  • \u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u7528\u6027\u9ad8：\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u901a\u7528\u6d41\u7a0b\u62bd\u8c61\u5230\u7236\u7c7b，\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u91cd\u590d\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u79cd\u5496\u5561\u53d8\u4f53，\u70e7\u6c34\u3001\u51b2\u6ce1\u6b65\u9aa4\u53ea\u9700\u5728\u7236\u7c7b\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u6b21，\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e13\u6ce8\u5dee\u5f02\u5b9e\u73b0，\u964d\u4f4e\u4ee3\u7801\u91cf，\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u5f3a：\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u79cd\u5496\u5561\u7c7b\u578b，\u53ea\u9700\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b，\u5b9e\u73b0\u7279\u5b9a\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\u5373\u53ef\u878d\u5165\u73b0\u6709\u4f53\u7cfb，\u5bf9\u539f\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u6539\u52a8\u6781\u5c0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u8981\u63a8\u51fa\u5361\u5e03\u5947\u8bfa\u5496\u5561\u5236\u4f5c，\u521b\u5efa CappuccinoMaker \u5b50\u7c7b\u8f7b\u677e\u641e\u5b9a\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u6d41\u7a0b\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u4e0e\u53ef\u63a7：\u6a21\u677f\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6838\u5fc3\u6d41\u7a0b\u6309\u9884\u5b9a\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c，\u5b50\u7c7b\u65e0\u6cd5\u968f\u610f\u66f4\u6539\u6574\u4f53\u6d41\u7a0b，\u4fdd\u969c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u5982\u5728\u5496\u5561\u5236\u4f5c\u4e2d，\u9632\u6b62\u56e0\u9519\u8bef\u987a\u5e8f\u5bfc\u81f4\u5496\u5561\u5236\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u56db\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b9e\u6218\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n
  • \u6846\u67b6\u5f00\u53d1：\u50cf\u5404\u79cd Web \u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f，\u4ece\u63a5\u6536\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u6267\u884c\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u5230\u8fd4\u56de\u54cd\u5e94，\u6846\u67b6\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u901a\u7528\u6a21\u677f，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u94a9\u5b50\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ec6\u8282，\u786e\u4fdd\u6846\u67b6\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e00\u81f4\u6027，\u53c8\u517c\u987e\u4e1a\u52a1\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u6e38\u620f\u5f00\u53d1：\u6e38\u620f\u89d2\u8272\u5347\u7ea7\u7cfb\u7edf，\u5347\u7ea7\u6d41\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6821\u9a8c\u3001\u7b49\u7ea7\u63d0\u5347\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u5956\u52b1\u53d1\u653e\u7b49\u901a\u7528\u73af\u8282，\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u8272\u7c7b（\u6218\u58eb\u3001\u6cd5\u5e08\u3001\u523a\u5ba2）\u7ee7\u627f\u5347\u7ea7\u6a21\u677f，\u6309\u81ea\u8eab\u7279\u6027\u5b9a\u5236\u5c5e\u6027\u6210\u957f\u3001\u5956\u52b1\u5185\u5bb9，\u590d\u7528\u5347\u7ea7\u6846\u67b6\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u4e94\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u62d3\u5c55<\/h3>\n
  • \u6ce8\u610f\u9632\u6b62\u5b50\u7c7b\u8fc7\u5ea6\u81a8\u80c0：\u867d\u7136\u5b50\u7c7b\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u5b9e\u73b0，\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u62bd\u8c61\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0d\u5408\u7406，\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u80fd\u627f\u62c5\u8fc7\u591a\u590d\u6742\u903b\u8f91，\u8fdd\u80cc\u5355\u4e00\u804c\u8d23\u539f\u5219\u3002\u8981\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5212\u5206\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5，\u8ba9\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u6a21\u677f\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u6743\u8861：\u6a21\u677f\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a final \u4fdd\u8bc1\u6d41\u7a0b\u7a33\u5b9a，\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\u4e1a\u52a1\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5fae\u8c03\u6d41\u7a0b，\u53ef\u9002\u5ea6\u5f00\u653e\u90e8\u5206\u5173\u952e\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u70b9，\u5982\u5f15\u5165\u94a9\u5b50\u65b9\u6cd5（Hook Method），\u8ba9\u5b50\u7c7b\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u8282\u70b9\u63d2\u5165\u989d\u5916\u903b\u8f91，\u65e2\u4e0d\u7834\u574f\u6574\u4f53，\u53c8\u589e\u5f3a\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u603b\u4e4b，Java \u6a21\u677f\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ee5\u5176\u7cbe\u5999\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u79bb，\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u642d\u5efa\u7b80\u6d01\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u5b83，\u72b9\u5982\u624b\u63e1\u4e00\u628a\u5229\u5203，\u80fd\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u591a\u53d8\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u65f6，\u6e38\u5203\u6709\u4f59\u5730\u96d5\u7422\u4ee3\u7801，\u6253\u9020\u51fa\u5065\u58ee\u3001\u6613\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u5728\u4eca\u540e\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u65c5\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u591a\u591a\u8fd0\u7528\u6a21\u677f\u6a21\u5f0f，\u611f\u53d7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u9b45\u529b\u4e0e\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u4e8e Java \u6a21\u677f\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5168\u9762\u89e3\u6790，\u4f60\u662f\u5426\u5bf9\u5b83\u6709\u4e86\u5168\u65b0\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5462？\u8d76\u7d27\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u5b9e\u8df5\u8d77\u6765\u5427！\u5982\u6709\u7591\u95ee，\u6b22\u8fce\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u4ea4\u6d41\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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