{"id":33662,"date":"2025-04-28T10:46:54","date_gmt":"2025-04-28T02:46:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/33662.html"},"modified":"2025-04-28T10:46:54","modified_gmt":"2025-04-28T02:46:54","slug":"%e3%80%90%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e3%80%91%e4%bb%bb%e5%8a%a13%ef%bc%9alinux-%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e6%89%8b%e5%86%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/33662.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u3011\u4efb\u52a13\uff1aLinux \u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u5b9e\u6218\u547d\u4ee4\u624b\u518c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u7f51\u7edc\u4fe1\u606f\u83b7\u53d6<\/p>\n

1. \u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u914d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

2. \u8def\u7531\u8868\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n

3. \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53e3\u76d1\u63a7<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n

1. \u5b9e\u65f6\u6d41\u91cf\u76d1\u63a7<\/p>\n

2. \u6570\u636e\u5305\u6355\u83b7<\/p>\n

3. \u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u6e17\u900f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u96c6<\/p>\n

1. \u7aef\u53e3\u626b\u63cf<\/p>\n

2. \u6f0f\u6d1e\u5229\u7528<\/p>\n

3. \u5bc6\u7801\u7834\u89e3<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n

1. \u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n

2. \u5165\u4fb5\u68c0\u6d4b<\/p>\n

3. \u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u52a0\u56fa<\/p>\n

1. \u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n

2. \u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n

3. \u9632\u706b\u5899\u914d\u7f6e<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u811a\u672c\u5b9e\u8df5<\/p>\n

1. \u7f51\u7edc\u5de1\u68c0\u811a\u672c<\/p>\n

2. \u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7\u62a5\u8b66<\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b89\u5168\u5b9e\u8df5<\/p>\n

1. \u871c\u7f50\u90e8\u7f72<\/p>\n

2. \u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u955c\u50cf<\/p>\n

\u516b\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u8d44\u6e90\u63a8\u8350<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/p>\n

CSDN \u539f\u521b\u4e3b\u9875：\u4e0d\u7f81<\/span>https:\/\/blog.csdn.net\/2303_76492156?type=blog<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u7f16\u5199\u65e5\u671f：2025 \u5e74 03 \u6708 17 \u65e5<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u7f51\u7edc\u4fe1\u606f\u83b7\u53d6<\/h2>\n

1. \u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n

# \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u72b6\u6001（\u66ff\u4ee3ifconfig）
\nip addr show<\/p>\n

# \u6fc0\u6d3b\/\u7981\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3
\nsudo ip link set dev eth0 up
\nsudo ip link set dev eth0 down<\/p>\n

# \u8bbe\u7f6e\u9759\u6001IP\u5730\u5740（CentOS 8+）
\nsudo nmcli connection modify eth0 ipv4.addresses "192.168.1.100\/24"
\nsudo nmcli connection modify eth0 ipv4.gateway "192.168.1.1"
\nsudo nmcli connection modify eth0 ipv4.dns "8.8.8.8"
\nsudo nmcli connection up eth0<\/p>\n

\u5728 Ubuntu \u4e2d\u68c0\u67e5\u4f60\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740（\u7ec8\u7aef\u65b9\u5f0f）<\/p>\n

\u68c0\u67e5 IP \u5730\u5740\u7684\u6700\u5feb\u548c\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n

ip addr show <\/p>\n

\u5b83\u5c06\u540c\u65f6\u663e\u793a IPv4 \u548c IPv6 \u5730\u5740：<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a，\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7f29\u77ed\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u00a0：<\/p>\n

ip a\u00a0\u00a0 #\u5b83\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4f60\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u7ec6\u8282，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0：<\/p>\n

hostname -I <\/p>\n

\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u5728 Linux \u4e2d\u68c0\u67e5 IP \u5730\u5740\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5，\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u8db3\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4f7f\u7528ifconfig\u67e5\u8be2IP\u5730\u5740\u5982\u4f55\u5462？<\/p>\n

\u8001\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u60f3\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0（ifconfig\u7f51\u7edc\u5de5\u5177\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206），\u4f46\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5df2\u88ab\u5f03\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f83\u65b0\u7684 Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e0d\u518d\u5305\u542b\u6b64\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305，\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fd0\u884c\u5b83，\u4f60\u5c06\u770b\u5230 ifconfig \u547d\u4ee4\u672a\u627e\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8be6\u60c5\u4e86\u89e3：\u00a0\u653e\u5f03 ifconfig，\u62e5\u62b1 ip \u547d\u4ee4 | Linux \u4e2d\u56fd<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0aifconfig\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u76f8\u8f83\u800c\u8a00，\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u4e3a\u719f\u6089\u4e0e\u4fbf\u6377，\u65f6\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\u4ecd\u88ab\u5927\u5bb6\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u8def\u7531\u8868\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n

# \u67e5\u770b\u8def\u7531\u8868
\nip route show<\/p>\n

# \u6dfb\u52a0\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531
\nsudo ip route add 10.0.0.0\/24 via 192.168.1.1<\/p>\n

# \u5220\u9664\u8def\u7531
\nsudo ip route del 10.0.0.0\/24<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

3. \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53e3\u76d1\u63a7<\/h3>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u524d，\u9700\u201c sudo apt install net-tools \u201d \u3002<\/p>\n

# \u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709TCP\u8fde\u63a5
\nnetstat -tunap<\/p>\n

# \u67e5\u770b\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u5360\u7528
\nlsof -i :80<\/p>\n

# \u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848（\u63a8\u8350）
\nss -tunelp | grep 80<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u5206\u6790<\/h2>\n

1. \u5b9e\u65f6\u6d41\u91cf\u76d1\u63a7<\/h3>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u524d，\u9700\u201c sudo apt install iftop\u00a0\u201d \u3002<\/p>\n

# \u5b9e\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5
\niftop -P<\/p>\n

# \u76d1\u63a7\u6307\u5b9a\u63a5\u53e3\u6d41\u91cf
\nnload eth0<\/p>\n

# \u6d41\u91cf\u7edf\u8ba1（MB\u5355\u4f4d）
\nvnstat -i eth0 -h<\/p>\n

2. \u6570\u636e\u5305\u6355\u83b7<\/h3>\n

# \u57fa\u672c\u6293\u5305（\u6293\u53d6eth0\u63a5\u53e380\u7aef\u53e3\u7684HTTP\u6d41\u91cf）
\ntcpdump -i eth0 port 80 -n -tttt<\/p>\n

# \u4fdd\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u6587\u4ef6
\ntcpdump -i eth0 -w capture.pcap port 443<\/p>\n

# \u8fc7\u6ee4\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u534f\u8bae
\ntcpdump -i eth0 'tcp port 80 and (tcp[13] & 0x18) != 0'<\/p>\n

3. \u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n

# \u5206\u6790HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u90e8
\ntshark -r capture.pcap -Y "http.request" -T fields -e http.request.method -e http.request.uri<\/p>\n

# \u89e3\u6790DNS\u67e5\u8be2
\ndriftnet -i eth0 -a # \u5b9e\u65f6\u6355\u83b7\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u7247<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u6e17\u900f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u96c6<\/h2>\n

1. \u7aef\u53e3\u626b\u63cf<\/h3>\n

# \u5168\u7aef\u53e3\u626b\u63cf（SYN\u534a\u5f00\u626b\u63cf）
\nnmap -sS -p- -T4 -v 192.168.1.100<\/p>\n

# \u670d\u52a1\u7248\u672c\u63a2\u6d4b
\nnmap -sV -A 192.168.1.100<\/p>\n

# \u9690\u853d\u626b\u63cf（FIN\u626b\u63cf）
\nnmap -sF -p 22,80,443 192.168.1.100<\/p>\n

2. \u6f0f\u6d1e\u5229\u7528<\/h3>\n

# Metasploit\u6846\u67b6\u57fa\u7840\u4f7f\u7528
\nmsfconsole
\nmsf > use exploit\/multi\/handler
\nmsf > set payload linux\/x86\/meterpreter\/reverse_tcp
\nmsf > set LHOST 192.168.1.101
\nmsf > exploit<\/p>\n

3. \u5bc6\u7801\u7834\u89e3<\/h3>\n

# \u79bb\u7ebf\u7834\u89e3shadow\u6587\u4ef6
\njohn –wordlist=\/usr\/share\/wordlists\/rockyou.txt \/etc\/shadow<\/p>\n

# \u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3SSH
\nhydra -l root -P \/usr\/share\/wordlists\/rockyou.txt ssh:\/\/192.168.1.100<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5206\u6790<\/h2>\n

1. \u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n

# \u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u5b89\u5168\u65e5\u5fd7
\ntail -f \/var\/log\/secure<\/p>\n

# \u67e5\u627e\u767b\u5f55\u5931\u8d25\u8bb0\u5f55
\ngrep "Failed password" \/var\/log\/secure | awk '{print $11}' | sort | uniq -c<\/p>\n

# \u7edf\u8ba1\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf\u524d10\u7684IP
\nawk '{print $1}' \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -n 10<\/p>\n

2. \u5165\u4fb5\u68c0\u6d4b<\/h3>\n

# \u67e5\u627e\u5f02\u5e38SUID\u6587\u4ef6
\nfind \/ -type f -perm -4000 2>\/dev\/null<\/p>\n

# \u68c0\u67e5\u9690\u85cf\u8fdb\u7a0b
\nps -eo pid,ppid,user,%mem,%cpu,command | grep -v 'grep' | awk '!\/bash|sshd|systemd\/'<\/p>\n

3. \u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177<\/h3>\n

# \u5206\u6790Apache\u65e5\u5fd7
\nlogwatch –service httpd –detail high<\/p>\n

# \u751f\u6210\u5b89\u5168\u5ba1\u8ba1\u62a5\u544a
\naide –check<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u52a0\u56fa<\/h2>\n

1. \u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236<\/h3>\n

# \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650（rwxr-x—）
\nchmod 750 \/var\/www\/html\/secret.txt<\/p>\n

# \u9012\u5f52\u4fee\u6539\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650
\nchmod -R 755 \/var\/www\/<\/p>\n

# \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6ACL\u6743\u9650
\ngetfacl \/etc\/shadow<\/p>\n

2. \u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n

# \u521b\u5efa\u53d7\u9650\u7528\u6237
\nuseradd -m -s \/sbin\/nologin -c "Restricted User" restricted_user<\/p>\n

# \u67e5\u770bsudo\u6743\u9650
\nsudo -l<\/p>\n

# \u7981\u6b62root\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55
\nsed -i 's\/^PermitRootLogin.*\/PermitRootLogin no\/' \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/p>\n

3. \u9632\u706b\u5899\u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n

# UFW\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c（Ubuntu）
\nsudo ufw allow 22\/tcp
\nsudo ufw allow 80\/tcp
\nsudo ufw allow 443\/tcp
\nsudo ufw enable<\/p>\n

# iptables\u9ad8\u7ea7\u89c4\u5219
\nsudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 80 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
\nsudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp –sport 80 -m state –state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u811a\u672c\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h2>\n

1. \u7f51\u7edc\u5de1\u68c0\u811a\u672c<\/h3>\n

#!\/bin\/bash
\n# \u68c0\u67e5\u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3
\necho "\u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3\u68c0\u67e5："
\nss -tunelp | grep -v 'Foreign Address'<\/p>\n

# \u68c0\u67e5SUID\u6587\u4ef6
\necho -e "\\\\n\u5f02\u5e38SUID\u6587\u4ef6："
\nfind \/ -type f -perm -4000 2>\/dev\/null<\/p>\n

# \u68c0\u67e5root\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b
\necho -e "\\\\nRoot\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5217\u8868："
\nps -eo pid,ppid,user,%mem,%cpu,command | grep root<\/p>\n

2. \u65e5\u5fd7\u76d1\u63a7\u62a5\u8b66<\/h3>\n

#!\/bin\/bash
\nLOG_FILE="\/var\/log\/secure"
\nSEARCH_TERM="Failed password"<\/p>\n

while true; do
\n COUNT=$(grep -c "$SEARCH_TERM" "$LOG_FILE")
\n if [ "$COUNT" -gt 10 ]; then
\n echo "\u8b66\u544a：\u53d1\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u767b\u5f55\u5c1d\u8bd5！" | mail -s "Security Alert" admin@example.com
\n fi
\n sleep 60
\ndone<\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b89\u5168\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h2>\n

1. \u871c\u7f50\u90e8\u7f72<\/h3>\n

# \u5b89\u88c5Honeyd
\nsudo apt-get install honeyd<\/p>\n

# \u914d\u7f6e\u871c\u7f50
\nsudo nano \/etc\/honeyd\/honeyd.conf
\n# \u6dfb\u52a0\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u914d\u7f6e
\ncreate dummy
\nset dummy default tcp action reset
\nset dummy default udp action reset
\nadd dummy tcp port 22<\/p>\n

2. \u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u955c\u50cf<\/h3>\n

# \u914d\u7f6e\u7aef\u53e3\u955c\u50cf（\u9700\u8981\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u652f\u6301）
\nsudo tc qdisc add dev eth0 ingress
\nsudo tc filter add dev eth0 parent ffff: protocol ip u32 match u32 0 0 action mirred egress redirect dev eth1<\/p>\n

\u516b\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u8d44\u6e90\u63a8\u8350<\/h2>\n
  • \u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863：Linux man pages<\/li>\n
  • \u547d\u4ee4\u901f\u67e5：tldr-pages<\/li>\n
  • \u5b9e\u6218\u793e\u533a：Hacker News<\/li>\n

    \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h2>\n
  • \u6267\u884c\u654f\u611f\u547d\u4ee4\u524d\u9700\u786e\u8ba4\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n
  • \u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u5de5\u5177<\/li>\n
  • \u4fdd\u7559\u64cd\u4f5c\u65e5\u5fd7\u4ee5\u5907\u5ba1\u8ba1<\/li>\n
  • \u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e25\u683c\u9694\u79bb<\/li>\n
    \n

    \u672c\u624b\u518c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86 Linux \u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u547d\u4ee4，\u5efa\u8bae\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u573a\u666f\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u5c06\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u8fd0\u7ef4\u548c\u6e17\u900f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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