{"id":32177,"date":"2025-04-23T07:56:06","date_gmt":"2025-04-22T23:56:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/32177.html"},"modified":"2025-04-23T07:56:06","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T23:56:06","slug":"%e3%80%90linux%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%e3%80%91%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e9%97%b4%e4%ba%92%e4%bf%a1%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/32177.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010Linux\u77e5\u8bc6\u3011\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u95f4\u4e92\u4fe1\u914d\u7f6e"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<h4>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u95f4\u4e92\u4fe1\u914d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>**\u4e00\u3001SSH\u4e92\u4fe1\u914d\u7f6e\u6b65\u9aa4&#xff08;\u4ee5A\u514d\u5bc6\u767b\u5f55B\u4e3a\u4f8b&#xff09;**<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>**1. \u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef&#xff08;A&#xff09;\u751f\u6210\u5bc6\u94a5\u5bf9**<\/li>\n<li>**2. \u5c06\u516c\u94a5\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef&#xff08;B&#xff09;**<\/li>\n<li>**3. \u9a8c\u8bc1\u514d\u5bc6\u767b\u5f55**<\/li>\n<li>**4. \u6279\u91cf\u914d\u7f6e&#xff08;\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u96c6\u7fa4&#xff09;**<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>**\u4e8c\u3001\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u7406**<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>**1. \u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f53\u7cfb**<\/li>\n<li>**2. SSH\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6d41\u7a0b**<\/li>\n<li>**3. \u5173\u952e\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650**<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>**\u4e09\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u589e\u5f3a\u63aa\u65bd**<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>**1. \u9650\u5236SSH\u8bbf\u95ee**<\/li>\n<li>**2. \u4f7f\u7528\u8bc1\u4e66\u9881\u53d1\u673a\u6784&#xff08;CA&#xff09;**<\/li>\n<li>**3. \u7aef\u53e3\u6572\u95e8&#xff08;Port Knocking&#xff09;**<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>**\u56db\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u6392\u67e5**<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>**1. \u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25&#xff1a;\u6743\u9650\u8fc7\u5bbd**<\/li>\n<li>**2. \u8ba4\u8bc1\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd**<\/li>\n<li>**3. \u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9**<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>**\u4e94\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f**<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>**1. \u901a\u8fc7SSH\u6267\u884c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u547d\u4ee4**<\/li>\n<li>**2. \u7aef\u53e3\u8f6c\u53d1**<\/li>\n<li>**3. \u7ed3\u5408Ansible\u81ea\u52a8\u5316**<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>**\u603b\u7ed3**<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u95f4\u4e92\u4fe1\u914d\u7f6e&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38\u6307SSH\u514d\u5bc6\u767b\u5f55&#xff09;\u662f\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u96c6\u7fa4\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8be6\u7ec6\u914d\u7f6e\u6b65\u9aa4\u548c\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u7406\u5206\u6790&#xff1a; <\/p>\n<h4>\u4e00\u3001SSH\u4e92\u4fe1\u914d\u7f6e\u6b65\u9aa4&#xff08;\u4ee5A\u514d\u5bc6\u767b\u5f55B\u4e3a\u4f8b&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<h5>1. \u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef&#xff08;A&#xff09;\u751f\u6210\u5bc6\u94a5\u5bf9<\/h5>\n<p>ssh-keygen -t rsa -b <span class=\"token number\">4096<\/span> -C <span class=\"token string\">&#034;A&#064;host&#034;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\"># -t\u6307\u5b9a\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff0c;-b\u6307\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b58\u50a8\u5728&#xff1a; \u2022 \u79c1\u94a5&#xff1a;~\/.ssh\/id_rsa&#xff08;\u6743\u9650\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a600&#xff09; \u2022 \u516c\u94a5&#xff1a;~\/.ssh\/id_rsa.pub<\/p>\n<h5>2. \u5c06\u516c\u94a5\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef&#xff08;B&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>ssh-copy-id -i ~\/.ssh\/id_rsa.pub user&#064;B_IP<\/p>\n<p>\u6216\u624b\u52a8\u8ffd\u52a0\u516c\u94a5\u5230B\u7684\u6388\u6743\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">cat<\/span> ~\/.ssh\/id_rsa.pub <span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">ssh<\/span> user&#064;B_IP <span class=\"token string\">&#034;mkdir -p ~\/.ssh &amp;&amp; chmod 700 ~\/.ssh &amp;&amp; cat &gt;&gt; ~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys &amp;&amp; chmod 600 ~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>3. \u9a8c\u8bc1\u514d\u5bc6\u767b\u5f55<\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">ssh<\/span> user&#064;B_IP  <span class=\"token comment\"># \u65e0\u9700\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u76f4\u63a5\u767b\u5f55<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>4. \u6279\u91cf\u914d\u7f6e&#xff08;\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u96c6\u7fa4&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u5faa\u73af\u4e3a\u591a\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u4e92\u4fe1&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span> <span class=\"token for-or-select variable\">node<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">in<\/span> node1 node2 node3<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">do<\/span><br \/>\n  ssh-copy-id user&#064;<span class=\"token variable\">$node<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">done<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>\u4e8c\u3001\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u539f\u7406<\/h4>\n<h5>1. \u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f53\u7cfb<\/h5>\n<p>\u2022 \u5bc6\u94a5\u5bf9\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a; \u2022 \u79c1\u94a5&#xff08;Private Key&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6301\u6709&#xff0c;\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f20\u8f93&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u5bc6\u6216\u7b7e\u540d\u3002 \u2022 \u516c\u94a5&#xff08;Public Key&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u52a0\u5bc6\u6216\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b7e\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<h5>2. SSH\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h5>\n<li>TCP\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u540e&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u6307\u7eb9&#xff08;\u9996\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u9700\u7528\u6237\u786e\u8ba4&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5&#xff08;Session Key&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7528\u79c1\u94a5\u89e3\u5bc6\u83b7\u53d6\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bc6\u94a5&#xff0c;\u540e\u7eed\u901a\u4fe1\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u5bf9\u79f0\u5bc6\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6&#xff08;\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u9636\u6bb5&#xff1a; \u2022 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002 \u2022 \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u68c0\u67e5authorized_keys\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u7528\u5339\u914d\u7684\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6311\u6218&#xff08;Challenge&#xff09;\u3002 \u2022 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7528\u79c1\u94a5\u89e3\u5bc6\u6311\u6218\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\u5141\u8bb8\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<h5>3. \u5173\u952e\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650<\/h5>\n<table>\n<tr>\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u63a8\u8350\u6743\u9650\u4f5c\u7528<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>~\/.ssh\/<\/td>\n<td>700<\/td>\n<td>\u786e\u4fdd\u76ee\u5f55\u4ec5\u5c5e\u4e3b\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>~\/.ssh\/id_rsa<\/td>\n<td>600<\/td>\n<td>\u4fdd\u62a4\u79c1\u94a5\u4e0d\u88ab\u6cc4\u9732<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/td>\n<td>600<\/td>\n<td>\u9632\u6b62\u4ed6\u4eba\u7be1\u6539\u6388\u6743\u5bc6\u94a5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u4e09\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u589e\u5f3a\u63aa\u65bd<\/h4>\n<h5>1. \u9650\u5236SSH\u8bbf\u95ee<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u7aef&#xff08;B&#xff09;\u7684\/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>PermitRootLogin no              # \u7981\u6b62root\u767b\u5f55<br \/>\nPasswordAuthentication no      # \u7981\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1<br \/>\nAllowUsers user1 user2         # \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u7279\u5b9a\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<h5>2. \u4f7f\u7528\u8bc1\u4e66\u9881\u53d1\u673a\u6784&#xff08;CA&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u96c6\u7fa4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u521b\u5efaCA\u5bc6\u94a5\u5bf9&#xff1a;ssh-keygen -t rsa -b <span class=\"token number\">4096<\/span> -f ~\/.ssh\/ca_key\n <\/li>\n<li>\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u4efbCA&#xff1a;# \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<br \/>\nTrustedUserCAKeys \/etc\/ssh\/ca_key.pub\n <\/li>\n<h5>3. \u7aef\u53e3\u6572\u95e8&#xff08;Port Knocking&#xff09;<\/h5>\n<p>\u9690\u85cfSSH\u7aef\u53e3&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\"># \u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;\u4f9d\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u7aef\u53e31000,2000,3000\u624d\u4f1a\u5f00\u653e22\u7aef\u53e3<\/span><br \/>\nknockd -d -i eth0 -c \/etc\/knockd.conf<\/p>\n<h4>\u56db\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u6392\u67e5<\/h4>\n<h5>1. \u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25&#xff1a;\u6743\u9650\u8fc7\u5bbd<\/h5>\n<p>Error: Bad owner or permissions on ~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">chmod<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">700<\/span> ~\/.ssh <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">chmod<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">600<\/span> ~\/.ssh\/*<\/p>\n<h5>2. \u8ba4\u8bc1\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd<\/h5>\n<p>Permission denied (publickey)<\/p>\n<p>\u68c0\u67e5\u6b65\u9aa4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<li>\u786e\u8ba4\u670d\u52a1\u7aefsshd\u670d\u52a1\u8fd0\u884c&#xff1a;systemctl status sshd\n <\/li>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff1a;journalctl -u sshd -f\n <\/li>\n<h5>3. \u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9<\/h5>\n<p>no matching key exchange method found<\/p>\n<p>\u89e3\u51b3&#xff1a;\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef~\/.ssh\/config\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7b97\u6cd5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>Host *<br \/>\n  KexAlgorithms diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256<\/p>\n<h4>\u4e94\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<h5>1. \u901a\u8fc7SSH\u6267\u884c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u547d\u4ee4<\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">ssh<\/span> user&#064;B_IP <span class=\"token string\">&#034;ls -l \/tmp&#034;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\"># \u5355\u547d\u4ee4<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ssh<\/span> user&#064;B_IP <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;EOF&#039;<span class=\"token bash punctuation\">       <span class=\"token comment\"># \u591a\u547d\u4ee4<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n  df -h<br \/>\n  free -m<br \/>\nEOF<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>2. \u7aef\u53e3\u8f6c\u53d1<\/h5>\n<p><span class=\"token function\">ssh<\/span> -L <span class=\"token number\">8080<\/span>:B_IP:80 user&#064;B_IP  <span class=\"token comment\"># \u672c\u5730\u7aef\u53e3\u8f6c\u53d1<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token function\">ssh<\/span> -R <span class=\"token number\">3306<\/span>:localhost:3306 user&#064;B_IP  <span class=\"token comment\"># \u8fdc\u7a0b\u7aef\u53e3\u8f6c\u53d1<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>3. \u7ed3\u5408Ansible\u81ea\u52a8\u5316<\/h5>\n<p>\u5728\/etc\/ansible\/hosts\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3b\u673a\u7ec4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>[web]<br \/>\nnode1 ansible_ssh_user&#061;user<br \/>\nnode2 ansible_ssh_user&#061;user<\/p>\n<h4>\u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n<p>\u2022 \u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u7406&#xff1a;\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6 &#043; \u6311\u6218\u54cd\u5e94\u673a\u5236\u3002 \u2022 \u5b89\u5168\u5173\u952e&#xff1a;\u79c1\u94a5\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\u539f\u5219\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4e25\u683c\u914d\u7f6e\u3002 \u2022 \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316&#xff1a;\u4f1a\u8bdd\u590d\u7528&#xff08;ControlMaster\u914d\u7f6e&#xff09;\u53ef\u51cf\u5c11\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u914d\u7f6eSSH\u4e92\u4fe1&#xff0c;\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b89\u5168\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u7840\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4fdd\u969c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb747\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e19\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf13\u6b21\u3002linux\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\u4e92\u4fe1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[58,1940,2608,43,427],"topic":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-32177","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"hentry","6":"category-server","7":"tag-linux","9":"tag-2608","10":"tag-43","11":"tag-427"},"yoast_head":"<!-- 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