![\"menu-r.4af5f7ec.gif\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250421212559-6806b7e75168a.gif\")
<\/p>\n \u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 <\/p>\n
\u7b80\u4ecb：Netty\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u652f\u6301\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u6846\u67b6，\u7528\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u9879\u76ee\u5c06\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528Netty\u5b9e\u73b0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6d88\u606f\u3001\u5b9a\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528Netty\u7684\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u7279\u6027，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6d88\u606f\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u6d88\u606f\u6536\u53d1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3Netty\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236，\u5e76\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f00\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u7840\u3002 ![\"netty\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250421212600-6806b7e8345a5.png\")
<\/p>\n
Netty \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6846\u67b6，\u7528\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u534f\u8bae\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55，\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8，Netty \u4ee5\u5176\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7279\u70b9，\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u4f17\u591a\u9886\u57df\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd Netty \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u4f18\u52bf\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u9996\u5148，\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ece Netty \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u6027\u51fa\u53d1，\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u80fd\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7 Netty \u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684 I\/O \u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 <\/p>\n
Netty \u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u4e3b\u8981\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u5176\u91c7\u7528\u7684 Reactor \u6a21\u578b\u548c\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u6280\u672f\u3002Reactor \u6a21\u578b\u5141\u8bb8\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5206\u53d1\u548c\u5904\u7406，\u800c\u96f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u6280\u672f\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5728\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u5730\u590d\u5236\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728 Netty \u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u6280\u672f\u5c42\u9762，Netty \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u652f\u6301\u548c\u7f16\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u673a\u5236，\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4ee5\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236，\u5e76\u8ba8\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u540c\u65f6\u786e\u4fdd\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u968f\u7740\u7ae0\u8282\u7684\u6df1\u5165，\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5c06\u63a2\u7d22 Netty \u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6848\u4f8b，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5c06 Netty \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6d41\u884c\u6280\u672f（\u5982 Spring Boot）\u96c6\u6210，\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u66f4\u52a0\u5065\u58ee\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u5b66\u4e60，\u8bfb\u8005\u5c06\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9 Netty \u6846\u67b6\u7684\u5168\u9762\u4e86\u89e3，\u5e76\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22 Netty \u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b9e\u73b0\u6253\u4e0b\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728Netty\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u4e14\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4，\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5728Netty 4.x\u7248\u672c\u4e2d，\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528 ServerBootstrap \u7c7b\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e00\u914d\u7f6e\u3002 <\/p>\n
``` ty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; ty.channel.ChannelFuture; ty.channel.EventLoopGroup; ty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; ty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; <\/p>\n
public class Server { private final int port; <\/p>\n
public Server(int port) {
\n this.port = port;
\n}<\/p>\n
public void start() throws Exception {
\n EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
\n EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
\n try {
\n ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
\n b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
\n .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
\n .childHandler(new ServerInitializer());<\/p>\n
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();
\n f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
\n } finally {
\n workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
\n bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
\n int port = 8080;
\n new Server(port).start();
\n}<\/p>\n
} <\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a`ServerBootstrap`\u5b9e\u4f8b，\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u4e24\u4e2a`EventLoopGroup`\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5173\u8054\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5176\u4e2d`bossGroup`\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6，\u800c`workerGroup`\u5219\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u5df2\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\u7684I\/O\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e：<\/p>\n
– `NioServerSocketChannel.class`：\u4f7f\u7528NIO\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002
\n– `.childHandler(new ServerInitializer())`：\u4e3a\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684`ChannelHandler`，\u5728\u6b64\u5904`ServerInitializer`\u7c7b\u8d1f\u8d23\u6dfb\u52a0\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u5904\u7406`ChannelHandler`\u5230`ChannelPipeline`\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
### 2.1.2 \u63a5\u6536\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u65e6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f00\u59cb\u76d1\u542c\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3，\u5b83\u5c06\u8fdb\u5165\u88ab\u52a8\u7b49\u5f85\u72b6\u6001，\u76f4\u5230\u6709\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5904\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
1. \u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3\u7684`Channel`\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002
\n2. `Channel`\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9`EventLoop`\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002
\n3. `EventLoop`\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0`Channel`\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7528\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1，\u5e76\u914d\u7f6e\u5b83\u3002
\n4. \u5c06\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684`ChannelInitializer`\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u8be5`ChannelPipeline`\u4e2d\u3002
\n5. \u4e00\u65e6`ChannelInitializer`\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5，\u5c31\u5c06\u65b0\u7684`Channel`\u6ce8\u518c\u5230`EventLoop`\u4e2d，\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u5904\u7406I\/O\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f`ServerInitializer`\u7c7b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a`ChannelHandler`\u5230`ChannelPipeline`\u4e2d：<\/p>\n
```***
\n***ty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
\n***ty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
\n***ty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
\n***ty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
\n***ty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
\n***ty.handler.timeout.IdleStateHandler;<\/p>\n
public class ServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {<\/p>\n
@Override
\n protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) {
\n ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
\n pipeline.addLast(new StringDecoder());
\n pipeline.addLast(new StringEncoder());
\n \/\/ \u8d85\u65f6\u68c0\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u5668，\u8bfb\u5199\u7a7a\u95f2\u8d85\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5c06\u89e6\u53d1userEventTriggered\u65b9\u6cd5
\n pipeline.addLast(new IdleStateHandler(0, 0, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
\n pipeline.addLast(new ServerHandler());
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728 ChannelInitializer \u4e2d，\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0 StringDecoder \u548c StringEncoder ，\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u5f97\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6d88\u606f，\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u53d1\u9001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6d88\u606f\u56de\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002 IdleStateHandler \u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u6d4b\u8bfb\u5199\u7a7a\u95f2\u72b6\u6001，\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d85\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u672a\u8bfb\u5230\u6570\u636e，\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c，\u6bd4\u5982\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n
Netty\u7684\u6570\u636e\u63a5\u6536\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u7684，\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6 ChannelHandler ，\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u901a\u8fc7 ChannelPipeline \u4f20\u9012\u7684\u5165\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684 ChannelHandler \u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5404\u79cd\u5165\u7ad9\u4e8b\u4ef6，\u5305\u62ec\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u540e，\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5982\u4e0b\u6d41\u7a0b： <\/p>\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684 ChannelHandler \u5b9e\u73b0\u4f8b\u5b50\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n
``` ty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; ***ty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; <\/p>\n
public class ServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) { try { \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e String receivedMessage = (String) msg; System.out.println("Server received: " + receivedMessage); <\/p>\n
\/\/ \u53d1\u9001\u54cd\u5e94\u6d88\u606f
\n ctx.write("Server received your message");
\n } finally {
\n \/\/ ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
@Override
\npublic void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
\n ctx.flush();
\n}<\/p>\n
@Override
\npublic void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38，\u5173\u95edChannel
\n cause.printStackTrace();
\n ctx.close();
\n}<\/p>\n
} <\/p>\n
\u5728\u6b64\u4f8b\u4e2d，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u540e\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765，\u5e76\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u54cd\u5e94\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u6ce8\u610f，\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528`ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);`\u8bed\u53e5，\u56e0\u4e3a`StringDecoder`\u5df2\u7ecf\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u91ca\u653e，\u9632\u6b62\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
### 2.2.2 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u6d41\u7a0b<\/p>\n
\u5728Netty\u4e2d\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u7684NIO\u8981\u7b80\u5355\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u65f6，\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528`ChannelHandlerContext`\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684`write`\u65b9\u6cd5\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n
```java
\nctx.write("Hello Client!");<\/p>\n
\u5728 write \u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u4e4b\u540e，\u6d88\u606f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u9001，\u800c\u662f\u5148\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230 ChannelOutboundBuffer \u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528 flush \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 <\/p>\n
ctx.flush();<\/p>\n
\u901a\u5e38，\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u8c03\u7528 flush \u65b9\u6cd5，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f1a\u5728\u5982\u4e0b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528： <\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5927\u81f4\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u7531Netty\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u7ebf\u7a0b\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u7684，\u65e0\u9700\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u624b\u52a8\u64cd\u4f5c，\u8fd9\u6781\u5927\u5730\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728Netty\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u8fde\u63a5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u9996\u5148，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u542f\u52a8\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e Bootstrap \u7c7b，\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u7c7b，\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684 ServerBootstrap \u3002 <\/p>\n
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
\nbootstrap.group(bossGroup) \/\/ \u6307\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ec4
\n .channel(NioSocketChannel.class) \/\/ \u6307\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528NIO\u7684\u4f20\u8f93Channel
\n .option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true) \/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6eTCP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u9009\u9879，\u5f00\u542f\u5fc3\u8df3\u673a\u5236
\n .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
\n @Override
\n protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
\n \/\/ \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6dfb\u52a0\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91，\u6bd4\u5982\u52a0\u5165ChannelHandler
\n ch.pipeline().addLast(new ClientHandler());
\n }
\n });<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e86 Bootstrap \u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7 group() \u65b9\u6cd5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u7ec4，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u7ec4\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u4e00\u7ec4NIO\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6784\u6210，\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002 channel() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 Channel \u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u578b，\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u662f NioSocketChannel ，\u5b83\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eJava NIO\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002 option() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e Channel \u53c2\u6570，\u4f8b\u5982\u5fc3\u8df3\u68c0\u6d4b\u548cTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u4fdd\u6301\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u6700\u540e，\u901a\u8fc7 handler() \u65b9\u6cd5，\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u6dfb\u52a0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684 ChannelHandler \u5230\u5904\u7406\u94fe\u4e2d，\u8fd9\u4e9b ChannelHandler \u5c06\u5904\u7406\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5efa\u7acb\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 Bootstrap \u7684 connect() \u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u5f53\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5，\u5982\u8fde\u63a5\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u8d85\u65f6\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002 <\/p>\n
ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect(host, port);
\nfuture.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
\n @Override
\n public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture f) throws Exception {
\n if (f.isSuccess()) {
\n System.out.println("Client connected to server");
\n } else {
\n System.err.println("Connection attempt failed");
\n f.cause().printStackTrace();
\n }
\n }
\n});<\/p>\n
\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 connect() \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5，\u5e76\u4f20\u5165\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002 ChannelFuture \u5bf9\u8c61\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u76d1\u542c\u5668\u6765\u89c2\u5bdf\u8fde\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5728 operationComplete() \u56de\u8c03\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f，\u8f93\u51fa\u6210\u529f\u4fe1\u606f；\u5982\u679c\u5931\u8d25，\u901a\u8fc7 cause() \u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u5f02\u5e38\u539f\u56e0\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e00\u65e6\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb，Netty\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u6d89\u53ca\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a ByteBuf ，\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528\u5e95\u5c42\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7 Channel \u7684 write() \u548c flush() \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/p>\n
public void sendMessage(Channel channel, String message) {
\n ByteBuf buf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(message.getBytes());
\n channel.write(buf);
\n channel.flush();
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a ByteBuf ，\u4f7f\u7528 Unpooled.copiedBuffer() \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6d88\u606f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u8282\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u63a5\u7740，\u8c03\u7528 channel.write() \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u53d1\u9001\u961f\u5217\u3002\u4f46\u662f，\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5199\u5165\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u88ab\u53d1\u9001，\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528 channel.flush() \u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7acb\u5373\u88ab\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u5373\u65f6\u4f20\u8f93，\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u65f6\u4ea4\u6362\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728 ChannelInitializer \u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0 ChannelHandler ，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002 <\/p>\n
public class ClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
\n @Override
\n public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
\n ByteBuf response = (ByteBuf) msg;
\n try {
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u6d88\u606f
\n String responseStr = response.toString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
\n System.out.println("Received from server: " + responseStr);
\n } finally {
\n ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d， ClientHandler \u7ee7\u627f\u4e86 ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter ，\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5165\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u9002\u914d\u5668\u7c7b\u3002 channelRead() \u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684 ByteBuf \u6d88\u606f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32，\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u7136\u540e，\u6211\u4eec\u8c03\u7528 ReferenceCountUtil.release() \u6765\u91ca\u653e\u6d88\u606f，\u8fd9\u662fNetty\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236，\u786e\u4fdd\u53ca\u65f6\u91ca\u653e\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u9aa4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u9632\u6b62\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n
ChannelPipeline \u662fNetty\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5165\u7ad9\u548c\u51fa\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d23\u4efb\u94fe\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0，\u6bcf\u4e2a Channel \u5173\u8054\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a ChannelPipeline ，\u6570\u636e\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6cbf\u7740\u94fe\u5f0f\u7684 ChannelHandler \u4f20\u64ad\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u6bcf\u4e2a ChannelHandler \u5728 ChannelPipeline \u4e2d\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684 ChannelHandlerContext ，\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86 ChannelHandler \u548c ChannelPipeline \u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002 ChannelPipeline \u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u50a8\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e，\u4f46\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5904\u7406\u901a\u9053\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6（\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5230\u8fbe）\u53d1\u751f\u65f6， ChannelPipeline \u4f1a\u4ece\u5165\u7ad9\u7aef\u5f00\u59cb，\u6309\u7167\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230 ChannelPipeline \u4e2d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f，\u5c06\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a ChannelHandler \u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728Netty\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d，\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49 ChannelHandler \u662f\u5904\u7406\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627f ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter \u6216 ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter ，\u5e76\u91cd\u5199\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49 ChannelHandler \u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684，\u56e0\u4e3a： <\/p>\n
\u5728Netty\u4e2d， ChannelHandler \u5e38\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b：\u7f16\u89e3\u7801\u5668（ ChannelInboundHandler ）\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5904\u7406\u5668（ ChannelOutboundHandler ）\u3002\u7f16\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u5165\u7ad9\u548c\u51fa\u7ad9\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7f16\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u6709 StringDecoder \u548c StringEncoder ，\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u7f16\u89e3\u7801\u3002\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7f16\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u65f6，\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u5199 channelRead() \u548c write() \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684 ChannelHandler ，\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b，\u5e76\u7ee7\u627f ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter \u6216 ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter \u3002\u7136\u540e，\u91cd\u5199\u9700\u8981\u7684\u56de\u8c03\u65b9\u6cd5，\u5982 channelRead() \u3001 channelReadComplete() \u3001 channelInactive() \u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49 ChannelHandler \u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801： <\/p>\n
``` ty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; ***ty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter; <\/p>\n
public class CustomHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { <\/p>\n
@Override
\npublic void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
\n \/\/ \u5f53\u901a\u9053\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u65f6\u8c03\u7528，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c
\n System.out.println("Channel is active!");
\n}<\/p>\n
@Override
\npublic void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
\n \/\/ \u5f53\u901a\u9053\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u8c03\u7528，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u5904\u7406
\n System.out.println("Received message: " + msg);
\n \/\/ \u5411\u540e\u4f20\u4f20\u9012\u6d88\u606f，\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u76f4\u63a5\u4e22\u5f03\u6d88\u606f
\n ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);
\n}<\/p>\n
@Override
\npublic void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
\n \/\/ \u5f53\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u8c03\u7528channelRead\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u901a\u77e5\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u5f53\u524d\u6279\u91cf\u8bfb\u53d6
\n ctx.flush();
\n}<\/p>\n
@Override
\npublic void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
\n \/\/ \u5f53\u6355\u83b7\u5230\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\u8c03\u7528，\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5173\u95ed\u901a\u9053
\n cause.printStackTrace();
\n ctx.close();
\n}<\/p>\n
} <\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，`CustomHandler`\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86`ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter`，\u5e76\u91cd\u5199\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u5728`channelActive()`\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u540e\u7684\u903b\u8f91，\u5728`channelRead()`\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6e`CustomHandler`\u5230`ChannelPipeline`\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6216\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210：<\/p>\n
```java
\nChannelPipeline pipeline = ctx.pipeline();
\npipeline.addLast("customHandler", new CustomHandler());<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5c06 CustomHandler \u6dfb\u52a0\u5230 ChannelPipeline \u4e2d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d "customHandler" \u662f CustomHandler \u5728 ChannelPipeline \u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u6253\u9020\u7075\u6d3b\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6，\u6d88\u606f\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u73af\u3002\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u6d88\u606f\u683c\u5f0f\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u8003\u8651\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6： <\/p>\n
\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u683c\u5f0f\u6709JSON\u3001XML\u3001Protocol Buffers（protobuf）\u3001MessagePack\u7b49\u3002\u5176\u4e2dJSON\u548cXML\u6bd4\u8f83\u901a\u7528，\u6613\u8bfb\u6027\u5f3a，\u4f46\u4f53\u79ef\u8f83\u5927；protobuf\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7d27\u51d1\u4e14\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u683c\u5f0f，\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8eGoogle\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d，\u4f46\u5176\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u534f\u8bae\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u4e0a\u4e0d\u76f4\u89c2；MessagePack\u5219\u4ecb\u4e8e\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4，\u65e8\u5728\u6bd4JSON\u66f4\u7d27\u51d1\u548c\u5feb\u901f，\u4f46\u6bd4protobuf\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u4e0a\u66f4\u4e3a\u53cb\u597d\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4ee5JSON\u548cprotobuf\u4e3a\u4f8b，\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4ecb\u7ecd： <\/p>\n
JSON（JavaScript Object Notation）\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\u683c\u5f0f，\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8eJavaScript\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\u3002JSON\u6613\u4e8e\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u7f16\u5199，\u540c\u65f6\u6613\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u751f\u6210\u3002\u7531\u4e8eJSON\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u548cnull\u7b49\u7c7b\u578b，\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8bJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u6d88\u606f： <\/p>\n
{
\n "name": "John Doe",
\n "age": 30,
\n "isEmployee": true,
\n "salary": 50000,
\n "skills": ["Java", "Spring", "JavaScript"]
\n}<\/p>\n
protobuf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u65e0\u5173\u3001\u5e73\u53f0\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u673a\u5236，\u7528\u4e8e\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b83\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u6bd4XML\u66f4\u5c0f\u3001\u66f4\u5feb，\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u4f7f\u7528protobuf，\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u6b21\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784，\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4ee3\u7801，\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e00\u4e2aprotobuf\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50（ user.proto ）： <\/p>\n
syntax = "proto3";<\/p>\n
message User {
\n string name = 1;
\n int32 age = 2;
\n bool is_employee = 3;
\n double salary = 4;
\n repeated string skills = 5;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d88\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b9e\u73b0，\u5982Java\u3001Python\u3001C++\u7b49，\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d，\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u6d88\u606f\u683c\u5f0f\u5f80\u5f80\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u504f\u597d\u3002Netty\u4f5c\u4e3a\u901a\u4fe1\u6846\u67b6，\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u79cd\u6d88\u606f\u683c\u5f0f，\u800c\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u4f9b\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u96c6\u6210\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8eNetty\u6765\u8bf4，\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u662f\u901a\u8fc7ChannelHandler\u6765\u5904\u7406\u7684\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Netty\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u548c\u89e3\u7801\u5668，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49ChannelHandler\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4ee5protobuf\u4e3a\u4f8b，\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u4f9d\u8d56\u5230\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d： <\/p>\n
<dependency>
\n <groupId>com.google.protobuf<\/groupId>
\n <artifactId>protobuf-java<\/artifactId>
\n <version>3.x.x<\/version>
\n<\/dependency><\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e，\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u7801\u5668，\u5c06protobuf\u6d88\u606f\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u540e\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb： <\/p>\n
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
\npublic class ProtobufEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder<GeneratedMessage> {
\n @Override
\n protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, GeneratedMessage msg, ByteBuf out) throws Exception {
\n if (msg.getSerializedSize() > 0) {
\n byte[] array;
\n int length = msg.getSerializedSize();
\n array = new byte[length];
\n msg.writeTo(ByteString.copyFrom(array));
\n out.writeBytes(array);
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684，\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u6765\u5904\u7406\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41，\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u4e3aprotobuf\u5bf9\u8c61： <\/p>\n
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
\npublic class ProtobufDecoder extends ByteToMessageDecoder {
\n private final MessageLite prototype;<\/p>\n
public ProtobufDecoder(MessageLite prototype) {
\n this.prototype = prototype;
\n }<\/p>\n
@Override
\n protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception {
\n if (in.readableBytes() > 4) {
\n int preIndex = in.readerIndex();
\n int length = in.readInt();
\n if (in.readableBytes() < length) {
\n in.readerIndex(preIndex);
\n return;
\n }
\n byte[] array = new byte[length];
\n in.readBytes(array);
\n out.add(prototype.getParserForType().parseFrom(array));
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728Netty\u4e2d\u5904\u7406protobuf\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u7a0b： <\/p>\n
ChannelPipeline pipeline = …;
\npipeline.addLast(new ProtobufDecoder(User.getDefaultInstance()));
\npipeline.addLast(new ProtobufEncoder());<\/p>\n
pipeline.addLast(new SimpleChannelInboundHandler<User>() {
\n @Override
\n protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, User msg) {
\n \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5f97\u5230\u7684User\u5bf9\u8c61 msg \u8fdb\u884c\u4e1a\u52a1\u5904\u7406
\n }
\n});<\/p>\n
public void sendMessage(Channel channel, User user) {
\n ByteBuf buf = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(user.toByteArray());
\n channel.writeAndFlush(buf);
\n}<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f，Netty\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u4f20\u8f93\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u800c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5904\u7406，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u914d\u7f6e，\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u5230Netty\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u6548\u7387，\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4ed4\u7ec6\u8003\u91cf\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u963b\u585eI\/O\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d，\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5，\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u672a\u51c6\u5907\u5c31\u7eea\u65f6，\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c06\u88ab\u6302\u8d77，\u76f4\u5230\u6570\u636e\u51c6\u5907\u597d，\u6b64\u65f6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u624d\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c，\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u6570\u636e\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u7a7a\u95f2\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b，\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u4e8e\u7b49\u5f85\u72b6\u6001，\u6d6a\u8d39\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u6a21\u578b\u5219\u4e0d\u540c，\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u6570\u636e\u672a\u51c6\u5907\u5c31\u7eea\u65f6\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6307\u4ee4，\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ebf\u7a0b\u963b\u585e\u3002\u5728Netty\u4e2d，\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u541e\u5410\u91cf，\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u3002Netty\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5904\u7406I\/O\u4e8b\u4ef6，\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u6570\u636e\u51c6\u5907\u597d，\u800c\u662f\u7b49\u5f85\u4e8b\u4ef6\u901a\u77e5\u3002 <\/p>\n
Netty\u7684\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528Java\u7684NIO\u5e93\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002Netty\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u7684NIO\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c01\u88c5\u6210\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684API，\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u9700\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u5e95\u5c42\u7684NIO\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u3002Netty\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u79f0\u4e3a"\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af"\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1，\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u8005\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8d1f\u8d23\u76d1\u542c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53d1\u751f，\u5982\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u8bfb\u3001\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u5199\u7b49，\u5e76\u89e6\u53d1\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728Netty\u4e2d，\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7，Netty\u4f1a\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2aChannel\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u4ee3\u8868\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u3002Channel\u5c06\u8d1f\u8d23\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5e76\u5c06I\/O\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6d3e\u53d1\u7ed9\u76f8\u5e94\u7684ChannelHandler\u5904\u7406\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f，Netty\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728Netty\u4e2d，\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7acb\u523b\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c，\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u8017\u65f6\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e，\u53d1\u9001\u90ae\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8017\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u963b\u585e\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u5176\u4ed6I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u6267\u884c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7ChannelHandlerContext\u7684 channelReadComplete \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u8bfb\u53d6\u540e，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u7528，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u542f\u52a8\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 <\/p>\n
@Override
\npublic void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
\n ctx.flush(); \/\/ \u5237\u65b0\u5199\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8282\u70b9
\n \/\/ \u542f\u52a8\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1
\n ctx.executor().execute(new Runnable() {
\n @Override
\n public void run() {
\n \/\/ \u8fd9\u91cc\u6267\u884c\u8017\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c，\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u6216\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528
\n \/\/ …
\n }
\n });
\n}<\/p>\n
Netty\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u56de\u8c03\u673a\u5236，\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u8c03\u5904\u7406\u5668，\u5f53\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n
Future<Integer> future = channel.newPromise();
\nfuture.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
\n @Override
\n public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
\n if (future.isSuccess()) {
\n Integer result = future.getNow();
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7ed3\u679c
\n } else {
\n Throwable cause = future.cause();
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5f02\u5e38
\n }
\n }
\n});<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u542f\u52a8\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1，\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed3\u679c
\nExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
\nexecutorService.submit(new Runnable() {
\n @Override
\n public void run() {
\n try {
\n \/\/ \u6267\u884c\u8017\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c
\n Integer result = slowDatabaseQuery();
\n future.setSuccess(result);
\n } catch (Exception e) {
\n future.setFailure(e);
\n } finally {
\n executorService.shutdown();
\n }
\n }
\n});<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aPromise\u5bf9\u8c61，\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u7684Future\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6ePromise\u7684\u72b6\u6001，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u77e5\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u56de\u8c03\u5904\u7406\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u8fd9\u4e2aPromise\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u4e8b\u4ef6，\u5e76\u5728\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u7ebf\u7a0b\u963b\u585e\u95ee\u9898，\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002 <\/p>\n
Netty\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6846\u67b6，\u9664\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u7f51\u7edcI\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u5916，\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u96c6\u6210\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef，\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u5de5\u4f5c，\u5982\u6e05\u7406\u8fc7\u671f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5fc3\u8df3\u68c0\u6d4b\u3001\u5b9a\u65f6\u63a8\u9001\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684\u5e94\u7528，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5728Netty\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e： <\/p>\n
Netty\u5229\u7528Java\u7684 ScheduledExecutorService \u6765\u652f\u6301\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 ScheduledExecutorService \u662fJava\u5e76\u53d1API\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b89\u6392\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u540e\u8fd0\u884c\u6216\u8005\u5468\u671f\u6027\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 <\/p>\n
Netty\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6ce8\u518c\u4e00\u4e2a EventExecutor \u5230\u4e00\u4e2a ScheduledExecutorService \u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u5b89\u6392\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n
``` ty.util.concurrent.DefaultEventExecutorGroup; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; <\/p>\n
public class NettyScheduledTaskExample { private final EventExecutorGroup group = new DefaultEventExecutorGroup(10); private final ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutorService = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1); <\/p>\n
public void scheduleTask() {
\n \/\/ \u4e3e\u4f8b：\u6bcf10\u79d2\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u4efb\u52a1
\n group.scheduleAtFixedRate(new RunnableTask(), 0, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
\n}<\/p>\n
private class RunnableTask implements Runnable {
\n @Override
\n public void run() {
\n \/\/ \u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0
\n System.out.println("\u6267\u884c\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1");
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
} <\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d，`scheduleAtFixedRate`\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b89\u6392\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1，\u8be5\u4efb\u52a1\u5c06\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4\u5f00\u59cb，\u4e4b\u540e\u6bcf\u969410\u79d2\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u3002`RunnableTask`\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
### 7.2.2 \u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u53d6\u6d88<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u65e6\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u88ab\u5b89\u6392\u6267\u884c，\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d6\u6d88\u5b83\u3002`ScheduledFuture`\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u53d6\u6d88\u3001\u68c0\u67e5\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u7b49\u5f85\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u53d6\u6d88\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
```***
\n***ty.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;<\/p>\n
public class TaskManagementExample {
\n private ScheduledFuture<?> futureTask;<\/p>\n
public void startTask() {
\n futureTask = group.scheduleAtFixedRate(new RunnableTask(), 0, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
\n }<\/p>\n
public void cancelTask() {
\n if (futureTask != null && !futureTask.isCancelled()) {
\n futureTask.cancel(true);
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d， startTask \u65b9\u6cd5\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1，\u800c cancelTask \u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u7528\u6765\u53d6\u6d88\u4e4b\u524d\u542f\u52a8\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u8c03\u7528 cancel(true) \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e2d\u65ad\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u5141\u8bb8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u6839\u636e\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u6761\u4ef6，\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u79fb\u9664\u4efb\u52a1，\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u5065\u58ee\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002 <\/p>\n
Netty\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u673a\u5236\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406\u80fd\u529b，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u6b64\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u7528\u6237\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u6790，\u5e76\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728Netty\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c55\u793a\u4e86Netty\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6846\u67b6，\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5de5\u5177\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 <\/p>\n
\u7b80\u4ecb：Netty\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u652f\u6301\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u6846\u67b6，\u7528\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u9879\u76ee\u5c06\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528Netty\u5b9e\u73b0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6d88\u606f\u3001\u5b9a\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528Netty\u7684\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u7279\u6027，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6d88\u606f\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u6d88\u606f\u6536\u53d1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3Netty\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236，\u5e76\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f00\u53d1\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u7840\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb1.2k\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e24\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf14\u6b21\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 \u7b80\u4ecb\uff1aNetty\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u652f\u6301\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u9879\u76ee\u5c06\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528Netty\u5b9e\u73b0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6d88\u606f\u3001\u5b9a\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528Netty\u7684\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6d88\u606f\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5668…_referencecountutil.release(msg) \u5728\u8d23\u4efb\u94fe\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":31730,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-31732","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server"],"yoast_head":"\n