{"id":31047,"date":"2025-04-21T07:07:37","date_gmt":"2025-04-20T23:07:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/31047.html"},"modified":"2025-04-21T07:07:37","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T23:07:37","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e3%80%91%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e6%b5%81%ef%bc%88data-workflow%ef%bc%89routes%ef%bc%88%e8%b7%af%e7%94%b1%ef%bc%89%e3%80%81controllers%ef%bc%88%e6%8e%a7%e5%88%b6%e5%99%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/31047.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u7f51\u7edc\u3011\u6570\u636e\u6d41\uff08Data Workflow\uff09Routes\uff08\u8def\u7531\uff09\u3001Controllers\uff08\u63a7\u5236\u5668\uff09\u3001Models\uff08\u6a21\u578b\uff09 \u548c Middleware\uff08\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u56fe\u7247\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u6d41&#xff08;Data Workflow&#xff09;\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u6d89\u53ca Routes&#xff08;\u8def\u7531&#xff09;\u3001Controllers&#xff08;\u63a7\u5236\u5668&#xff09;\u3001Models&#xff08;\u6a21\u578b&#xff09; \u548c Middleware&#xff08;\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6&#xff09;\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u521d\u5b66\u8005&#xff0c;\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u4ef6\u53ca\u5176\u8054\u7cfb\u662f\u638c\u63e1 Web \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u70b9\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250420230736-68057e386387a.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>1. Routes&#xff08;\u8def\u7531&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1a;\u8def\u7531\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684 URL \u7aef\u70b9&#xff08;Endpoints&#xff09;\u4ee5\u53ca\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u7684 HTTP \u65b9\u6cd5&#xff08;\u5982 GET\u3001POST \u7b49&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;\u8def\u7531\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91&#xff08;\u63a7\u5236\u5668&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6bd4\u55bb&#xff1a;\u8def\u7531\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u201c\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u63a5\u5f85\u53f0\u201d&#xff0c;\u5b83\u6839\u636e\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u9700\u6c42&#xff08;\u8bf7\u6c42&#xff09;\u5c06\u8bfb\u8005\u5f15\u5bfc\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u53f0&#xff08;\u63a7\u5236\u5668&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>URL \u6620\u5c04&#xff1a;\u8def\u7531\u5c06\u7279\u5b9a\u7684 URL \u8def\u5f84\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\/books \u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/li>\n<li>HTTP \u65b9\u6cd5&#xff1a;\u8def\u7531\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 HTTP \u65b9\u6cd5&#xff08;\u5982 GET\u3001POST\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff08;\u5982\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;app<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">get<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;\/books&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token parameter\">req<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> res<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u5904\u7406\u83b7\u53d6\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u903b\u8f91<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>2. Controllers&#xff08;\u63a7\u5236\u5668&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1a;\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u903b\u8f91&#xff0c;\u4e0e\u6570\u636e&#xff08;\u6a21\u578b&#xff09;\u4ea4\u4e92&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u90e8\u5206&#xff0c;\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91&#xff08;\u5982\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7b49&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6bd4\u55bb&#xff1a;\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u201c\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u53f0\u201d&#xff0c;\u5b83\u6839\u636e\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u9700\u6c42&#xff08;\u8bf7\u6c42&#xff09;\u6267\u884c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff08;\u5982\u67e5\u627e\u4e66\u7c4d\u3001\u501f\u9605\u4e66\u7c4d\u7b49&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406&#xff1a;\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u8def\u7531\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42&#xff0c;\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u903b\u8f91&#xff08;\u5982\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u54cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210&#xff1a;\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u5c06\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c&#xff08;\u5982\u6570\u636e\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f&#xff09;\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token function-variable function\">getBooks<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">async<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token parameter\">req<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> res<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> books <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">await<\/span> Book<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">find<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/span><br \/>\n    res<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">json<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>books<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8fd4\u56de JSON \u6570\u636e<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>3. Models&#xff08;\u6a21\u578b&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1a;\u6a21\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u884c\u4e3a&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93&#xff08;\u5982 MongoDB \u6216 SQL&#xff09;\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;\u6a21\u578b\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ea4\u4e92&#xff0c;\u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u589e\u5220\u6539\u67e5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6bd4\u55bb&#xff1a;\u6a21\u578b\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u201c\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784&#xff08;\u5982\u4e66\u540d\u3001\u4f5c\u8005\u3001ISBN \u7b49&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5e76\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u68c0\u7d22\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1a;\u6a21\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u548c\u7c7b\u578b&#xff08;\u5982\u4e66\u540d\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32&#xff0c;\u51fa\u7248\u65e5\u671f\u662f\u65e5\u671f\u7c7b\u578b&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff1a;\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5&#xff08;\u5982\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;<span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> bookSchema <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">new<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">mongoose<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>Schema<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token literal-property property\">title<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> String<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token literal-property property\">author<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> String<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token literal-property property\">isbn<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">:<\/span> String<br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> Book <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> mongoose<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">model<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#039;Book&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> bookSchema<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>4. Middleware&#xff08;\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6&#xff09;<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b9a\u4e49&#xff1a;\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u662f\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42-\u54cd\u5e94\u5468\u671f\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u901a\u7528\u4efb\u52a1&#xff08;\u5982\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b49&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f5c\u7528&#xff1a;\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u8fbe\u8def\u7531\u4e4b\u524d\u6216\u4e4b\u540e\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u589e\u5f3a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6bd4\u55bb&#xff1a;\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u201c\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u68c0\u67e5\u5458\u201d&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5728\u8bfb\u8005\u8fdb\u5165\u670d\u52a1\u53f0\u4e4b\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u67e5&#xff08;\u5982\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7279\u70b9&#xff1a;\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bf7\u6c42\u9884\u5904\u7406&#xff1a;\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u8fbe\u8def\u7531\u4e4b\u524d\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff08;\u5982\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bf7\u6c42\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u54cd\u5e94\u540e\u5904\u7406&#xff1a;\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u54cd\u5e94\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u524d\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff08;\u5982\u6dfb\u52a0\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u54cd\u5e94\u65e5\u5fd7&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1a;app<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">use<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token parameter\">req<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> res<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> next<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&gt;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    console<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token function\">log<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token template-string\"><span class=\"token template-punctuation string\">&#096;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">Request URL: <\/span><span class=\"token interpolation\"><span class=\"token interpolation-punctuation punctuation\">${<\/span>req<span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span>url<span class=\"token interpolation-punctuation punctuation\">}<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token template-punctuation string\">&#096;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u8bb0\u5f55\u8bf7\u6c42\u65e5\u5fd7<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">next<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/ \u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>5. \u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u89c6\u89d2<\/h4>\n<p>\u60f3\u8c61\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Routes \u662f\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u63a5\u5f85\u53f0&#xff0c;\u5b83\u6839\u636e\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u9700\u6c42&#xff08;\u8bf7\u6c42&#xff09;\u5c06\u8bfb\u8005\u5f15\u5bfc\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u53f0&#xff08;\u63a7\u5236\u5668&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Controllers \u662f\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u53f0&#xff0c;\u5b83\u6839\u636e\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6267\u884c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff08;\u5982\u67e5\u627e\u4e66\u7c4d\u3001\u501f\u9605\u4e66\u7c4d\u7b49&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Models \u662f\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5e76\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u68c0\u7d22\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Middleware 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