{"id":30813,"date":"2025-04-21T04:11:21","date_gmt":"2025-04-20T20:11:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/30813.html"},"modified":"2025-04-21T04:11:21","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T20:11:21","slug":"%e6%89%93%e9%80%a0%e8%87%aa%e5%b7%b1%e7%9a%84-c-socket-%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%ef%bc%9a%e6%89%8b%e6%8a%8a%e6%89%8b%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/30813.html","title":{"rendered":"\u6253\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 C++ Socket \u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a\u624b\u628a\u624b\u6559\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Socket \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6280\u672f\u6587\u6863<\/h2>\n<h3>1. \u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u6863\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e C&#043;&#043; \u7684\u7b80\u5355 TCP socket \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3&#xff0c;\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5&#xff0c;\u8bfb\u53d6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6d88\u606f&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. \u73af\u5883\u8981\u6c42<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>C&#043;&#043; \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301 C&#043;&#043;11 \u6216\u66f4\u9ad8\u7248\u672c<\/li>\n<li>POSIX \u517c\u5bb9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<li>\u652f\u6301 POSIX socket API \u7684\u5e93<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3. \u7f16\u8bd1\u548c\u8fd0\u884c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<h3>6. \u540e\u7eed\u6539\u8fdb<\/h3>\n<li>\u5c06\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ee3\u7801\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a server.cpp \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u7f16\u8bd1\u4ee3\u7801&#xff1a; g&#043;&#043; server.cpp -o server\n <\/li>\n<li>\u8fd0\u884c\u670d\u52a1\u5668&#xff1a;<\/li>\n<li> .\/server<br \/>\n<h3>4. \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h3>\n<h4>4.1 \u5934\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<p> #include &lt;iostream&gt;<br \/>\n#include &lt;cstring&gt;<br \/>\n#include &lt;sys\/socket.h&gt;<br \/>\n#include &lt;netinet\/in.h&gt;<br \/>\n#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001socket \u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7ed3\u6784\u548c UNIX \u6807\u51c6\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.2 \u5b9a\u4e49\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u548c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f<\/h4>\n<p> #define PORT 8080<br \/>\n#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024<\/p>\n<p>PORT \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7&#xff0c;BUFFER_SIZE \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.3 \u4e3b\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n<p> int main() {<br \/>\n    \/\/ &#8230;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u70b9&#xff0c;\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.4 \u521b\u5efa socket<\/h4>\n<p> int server_fd, new_socket;<br \/>\nserver_fd &#061; socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);<\/p>\n<p>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a socket \u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 server_fd&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u542c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u3002AF_INET \u8868\u793a IPv4 \u5730\u5740\u65cf&#xff0c;SOCK_STREAM \u8868\u793a TCP \u6d41\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.5 \u7ed1\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3<\/h4>\n<p> struct sockaddr_in address;<br \/>\nbind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&amp;address, sizeof(address));<\/p>\n<p>\u5c06 socket \u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.6 \u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<p> listen(server_fd, 3);<\/p>\n<p>\u5f00\u59cb\u76d1\u542c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570 3 \u8868\u793a\u6700\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.7 \u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<p> new_socket &#061; accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&amp;address, (socklen_t*)&amp;addrlen);<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5&#xff0c;\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684 socket \u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26 new_socket\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.8 \u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<p> read(new_socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);<br \/>\nsend(new_socket, hello, strlen(hello), 0);<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5230\u7f13\u51b2\u533a&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.9 \u5173\u95ed socket<\/h4>\n<p> close(server_fd);<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u95ed\u670d\u52a1\u5668 socket&#xff0c;\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>5. \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u9519\u8bef\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ea\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u53d1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u54cd\u5e94\u6d88\u606f\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u6301\u7eed\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6dfb\u52a0\u9519\u8bef\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef-\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\u3002 #include &lt;iostream&gt;<br \/>\n#include &lt;cstring&gt;<br \/>\n#include &lt;sys\/socket.h&gt;<br \/>\n#include &lt;netinet\/in.h&gt;<br \/>\n#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;<\/p>\n<p>#define PORT 8080<br \/>\n#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024<\/p>\n<p>int main() {<br \/>\n    int server_fd, new_socket;<br \/>\n    struct sockaddr_in address;<br \/>\n    int opt &#061; 1;<br \/>\n    int addrlen &#061; sizeof(address);<br \/>\n    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] &#061; {0};<br \/>\n    const char* hello &#061; &#034;Hello from server&#034;;<\/p>\n<p>    \/\/ \u521b\u5efa socket \u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<br \/>\n    if ((server_fd &#061; socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) &#061;&#061; 0) {<br \/>\n        perror(&#034;socket failed&#034;);<br \/>\n        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    \/\/ \u7ed1\u5b9a socket \u5230\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3<br \/>\n    address.sin_family &#061; AF_INET;<br \/>\n    address.sin_addr.s_addr &#061; INADDR_ANY;<br \/>\n    address.sin_port &#061; htons(PORT);<\/p>\n<p>    if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&amp;address, sizeof(address))&lt;0) {<br \/>\n        perror(&#034;bind failed&#034;);<br \/>\n        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    \/\/ \u76d1\u542c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5<br \/>\n    if (listen(server_fd, 3) &lt; 0) {<br \/>\n        perror(&#034;listen&#034;);<br \/>\n        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    \/\/ \u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5<br \/>\n    if ((new_socket &#061; accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&amp;address, (socklen_t*)&amp;addrlen))&lt;0) {<br \/>\n        perror(&#034;accept&#034;);<br \/>\n        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);<br \/>\n    }<\/p>\n<p>    \/\/ \u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e<br \/>\n    read(new_socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);<br \/>\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; &#034;Message from client: &#034; &lt;&lt; buffer &lt;&lt; std::endl;<\/p>\n<p>    \/\/ \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e<br \/>\n    send(new_socket, hello, strlen(hello), 0);<br \/>\n    std::cout &lt;&lt; &#034;Hello message sent\\\\n&#034;;<\/p>\n<p>    \/\/ \u5173\u95ed socket<br \/>\n    close(server_fd);<br \/>\n    return 0;<br \/>\n}<\/p>\n<p>\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u98981.sockfd\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;\u7b54&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u5728 socket \u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d&#xff0c;sockfd \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed&#xff0c;\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u4ee3\u4e00\u4e2a socket \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002\u5728 Unix-like \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684 I\/O \u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u7684&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570&#xff0c;\u5b83\u662f\u5185\u6838\u4e3a\u4e86\u9ad8\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u5df2\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u5176\u4ed6 I\/O \u8d44\u6e90&#xff08;\u5982 socket\u3001\u7ba1\u9053\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u7b49&#xff09;\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u53e5\u67c4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a socket \u65f6&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5c31\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a sockfd\u3002\u4e4b\u540e&#xff0c;\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd socket \u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5730\u5740&#xff08;bind&#xff09;\u3001\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5&#xff08;listen&#xff09;\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5&#xff08;accept&#xff09;\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e&#xff08;read&#xff09;\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e&#xff08;write \u6216 send&#xff09;\u3001\u5173\u95ed socket&#xff08;close&#xff09;\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982&#xff0c;\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d&#xff0c;socket \u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684 socket&#xff0c;\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u53d8\u91cf sockfd \u4e2d&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p> int sockfd &#061; socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc&#xff0c;AF_INET \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5730\u5740\u65cf\u4e3a IPv4&#xff0c;SOCK_STREAM \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86 socket \u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a TCP \u6d41\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3002\u5982\u679c socket \u8c03\u7528\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;sockfd \u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u7684 socket \u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u7528\u5931\u8d25&#xff0c;sockfd \u5c06\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u503c&#xff08;\u901a\u5e38\u662f -1&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b errno \u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6bd4\u6765\u901a\u4fd7\u6613\u61c2\u5730\u89e3\u91ca sockfd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u4f60\u7684\u7535\u8111\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u578b\u7684\u90ae\u5c40&#xff0c;\u800c\u4f60\u60f3\u901a\u8fc7\u90ae\u5c40\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u4fe1\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u90ae\u5c40\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4fe1\u7bb1\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7f16\u53f7&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f16\u53f7\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a socket \u65f6&#xff0c;\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4f60\u5728\u90ae\u5c40\u7533\u8bf7\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u4fe1\u7bb1&#xff0c;\u90ae\u5c40\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u53f7&#xff08;\u5373 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