{"id":29638,"date":"2025-04-20T11:25:56","date_gmt":"2025-04-20T03:25:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/29638.html"},"modified":"2025-04-20T11:25:56","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T03:25:56","slug":"%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e9%81%87%e5%88%b0%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%80%e4%ba%9b%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98%ef%bc%88%e5%bc%80%e6%9c%ba%e8%bf%9b%e5%85%a5grub%e3%80%81%e7%89%88%e6%9c%ac%e5%8d%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/29638.html","title":{"rendered":"\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5f00\u673a\u8fdb\u5165Grub\u3001\u7248\u672c\u5347\u7ea7\u3001\u6269\u5bb9\u7b49\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

2024 \u5e74 12 \u6708 3 \u65e5，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7531\u4e8e\u8bef\u64cd\u4f5c\u88ab\u5220\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e，\u91cd\u65b0\u6574\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898，\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5de5\u4f5c\u5185\u5bb9<\/h2>\n

\u5378\u8f7d\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h3>\n

\u9700\u6c42<\/h4>\n

\u5728\u53cc Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u5378\u8f7d\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u914d\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n

\u5b89\u88c5 gparted \u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u9009\u53d6\u8bbe\u5907，\u53f3\u952e\u5220\u9664\u5176\u5206\u533a\u5373\u53ef\u3002 \u6ce8\u610f，\u4f7f\u7528 gparted \u7684\u7528\u6237\u684c\u9762\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u6237，\u5426\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u3002\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519 can not open display.<\/p>\n

Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u673a\u8fdb\u5165 Grub \u754c\u9762\u600e\u4e48\u529e<\/h3>\n

\u9700\u6c42<\/h4>\n

\u5b89\u88c5\u6216\u5378\u8f7d\u53cc\u7cfb\u7edf\u540e，\u5f00\u673a\u65f6\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165 Grub \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u754c\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n
  • \u8f93\u5165 ls \u67e5\u770b\u90fd\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5206\u533a，\u4f8b\u5982\u51fa\u73b0 (hd0) (hd0,gpt1) (hd0,gpt2) \u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u4f9d\u6b21\u8f93\u5165 ls (hd0,gpt1)\/boot\/grub \u67e5\u627e\u54ea\u4e2a\u662f\u542f\u52a8\u5206\u533a\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u4f8b\u5982\u627e\u5230\u542f\u52a8\u5206\u533a\u662f (hd0,gpt2)\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u8f93\u5165 set root=(hd0,gpt2)\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u8f93\u5165 set prefix=(hd0,gpt2)\/boot\/grub\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u8f93\u5165 insmod normal，\u7136\u540e\u8f93\u5165 normal \u5373\u53ef\u6b63\u5e38\u542f\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u542f\u52a8\u540e\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u5f15\u5bfc，\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

  • \u8f93\u5165 sudo update-grub\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u8f93\u5165 df -h \u67e5\u8be2\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\u5206\u533a，\u627e\u5230\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u662f boot\/efi \u7684\u5206\u533a，\u4f8b\u5982\u4e3a \/dev\/nvme0n1p1\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u8f93\u5165 sudo grub-install \/dev\/nvme0n1p1\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u684c\u9762<\/h3>\n

    \u9700\u6c42<\/h4>\n

    \u5e08\u5144\u8981\u7528\u684c\u9762，\u4f46\u53ea\u6709 cmcs232 \u7528\u6237\u6709\u684c\u9762\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ee7\u7eed\u7528\u8be5\u7528\u6237，\u5219\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7528 sudo \u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4ed6<\/p>\n

    \u65b9\u6848<\/h4>\n

    \u9700\u8981\u7ed9\u5e08\u5144\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7528\u6237，\u5e76\u4e14\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u684c\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6b65\u9aa4<\/h4>\n

    \u9996\u5148\u6253\u5f00 \/etc\/gdm3\/custom.conf\u3002<\/p>\n

    # \u6ce8\u91ca\u6389\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206
    \n[daemon]
    \nAutomaticLoginEnable = true
    \nAutomaticLogin = cmcs232<\/p>\n

    # \u6dfb\u52a0\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206
    \n[Seat:*]
    \nautologin-user=xxx # xxx\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n

    \u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0sudo\u6743\u9650<\/h3>\n

    \u9700\u6c42<\/h4>\n

    \u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7528\u6237\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6ca1\u6709 sudo \u6743\u9650，\u5373\u4e0d\u5728 sudo \u7ec4\u91cc，\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528 sudo \u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u65b9\u6848<\/h4>\n

    \u8981\u7ed9\u4ed6\u52a0\u4e0a sudo \u6743\u9650\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230 sudo \u7ec4\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6b65\u9aa4<\/h4>\n

    \u5728 root \u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528 usermod -G sudo xxx \u5373\u53ef，xxx \u662f\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n

    sudo \u6743\u9650\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u4e00\u6b21\u7528 root \u6743\u9650\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u673a\u4f1a，\u53ea\u6709\u5728 sudo \u7ec4\u91cc\u7684\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u8be5\u6743\u9650\u3002 \u5728\u7528 sudo \u65f6\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801，\u6ce8\u610f\u5e76\u975e root \u7684\u5bc6\u7801，\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f7f\u5f97\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053 root \u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u6743\u9650，\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f sudo \u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u8bbe\u7f6e\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650<\/h3>\n

    \u9700\u6c42<\/h4>\n

    \u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u6743\u9650\u4e3a 740\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u65b9\u6848<\/h4>\n

    umask \u63a7\u5236\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u6743\u9650，\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a，\u5148\u5c06 umask \u53d6\u53cd，\u7136\u540e\u4e0e\u5168 1 \u505a\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97，\u5373\u5f97\u5230\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/h4>\n

    \u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684 ~\/.profile \u4e2d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u53e5 umask 0037\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u540e\u7eed\u5de5\u4f5c<\/h2>\n

    \u7248\u672c\u5347\u7ea7<\/h3>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7248\u672c\u662f Ubuntu 23.04，\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u671f\u652f\u6301\u7248\u672c，\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e90\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528 apt install，\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f52\u6863，\u7f51\u5740\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316，\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u66f4\u65b0 apt \u6e90\u3002 \u4f46\u6700\u597d\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u8fd8\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 LTS \u7248\u672c\u7684 Ubuntu，\u4ece 23.04 \u5230 22.04 \u7684\u8de8\u7248\u672c\u5347\u7ea7\u6709\u70b9\u56f0\u96be，\u53ea\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f7f\u7528 do-release-upgrade \u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u8fdb\u884c\u5347\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6269\u5bb9<\/h3>\n

    \u9700\u6c42<\/h4>\n

    \u88c5\u673a\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u91c7\u7528 LVM \u5377\u7ec4，\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06\u65b0\u786c\u76d8\u5feb\u901f\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u4e00\u8d77\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a lvm \u5377\u7ec4，\u5e76\u6302\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u65b9\u6848<\/h4>\n

    \u4e4b\u524d\u7684 2T \u786c\u76d8\u662f\u6302\u8f7d\u5728 \/ \u4e0b，\/home \u4e0b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9，\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u65b0\u7684\u786c\u76d8\u521b\u5efa\u4e3a LVM，\u6302\u8f7d\u5230 \/home \u4e0b\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u6d41\u7a0b：<\/p>\n

    df<\/span> -h<\/span> # \u67e5\u770b\u65b0\u786c\u76d8<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> umount<\/span> \/dev\/sda1 # \u5148\u628a\u65b0\u786c\u76d8\u5378\u8f7d<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> wipefs -a<\/span> \/dev\/sda # \u5f7b\u5e95\u64e6\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5206\u533a\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b7e\u540d<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> parted<\/span> \/dev\/sda mklabel gpt # \u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u5206\u533a\u8868<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> parted<\/span> \/dev\/sda mkpart primary ext4 0<\/span>% 100<\/span>% # \u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u5206\u533a，\u5355\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u5360\u7528\u5168\u76d8<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> pvcreate \/dev\/sda1 # \u521b\u5efa\u7269\u7406\u5377<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> vgcreate vg_home \/dev\/sda1 # \u521b\u5efa\u5377\u7ec4<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> lvcreate -n<\/span> lv_home -l<\/span> 100<\/span>%FREE vg_home # \u521b\u5efa\u903b\u8f91\u5377<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> mkfs.ext4 \/dev\/vg_home\/lv_home # \u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u4e3aext4<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> mkdir<\/span> \/mnt\/newhome # \u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> mount<\/span> \/dev\/vg_home\/lv_home \/mnt\/newhome
    \nsudo<\/span> rsync<\/span> -avx<\/span> \/home\/ \/mnt\/newhome\/ # \u540c\u6b65\u6570\u636e<\/span><\/p>\n

    # \u5bf9\u6bd4 \/home \u548c \/mnt\/newhome，\u82e5\u4e00\u81f4\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u539f\u786c\u76d8\u91cc\u7684 \/home<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> diff<\/span> -r<\/span> \/home \/mnt\/newhome
    \nsudo<\/span> rm<\/span> -rf<\/span> \/home\/*<\/p>\n

    sudo<\/span> umount<\/span> \/mnt\/newhome
    \nsudo<\/span> fuser<\/span> -km<\/span> \/home # \u5f3a\u5236\u7ec8\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\/home\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> mount<\/span> \/dev\/vg_home\/lv_home \/home # \u6302\u8f7d\u903b\u8f91\u5377<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> blkid \/dev\/vg_home\/lv_home # \u83b7\u53d6\u903b\u8f91\u5377\u7684UUID<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> cp<\/span> \/etc\/fstab \/etc\/fstab.bak # \u5907\u4efd<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> vim<\/span> \/etc\/fstab
    \n\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c：UUID=<\/span>e3a5c7d8-..<\/span>. \/home ext4 defaults 0<\/span> 2<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> mount<\/span> -a<\/span> # \u65e0\u62a5\u9519\u5373\u6210\u529f<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u672a\u6765\u5982\u679c\u8981\u628a\u65b0\u7684\u786c\u76d8（\u4f8b\u5982 \/dev\/sdb）\u6269\u5bb9\u5230 \/home，\u5219\u53ea\u9700\u8981：<\/p>\n

    # \u5206\u533a，\u6807\u8bb0LVM，\u521b\u5efa\u7269\u7406\u5377<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> parted<\/span> \/dev\/sdb mklabel gpt
    \nsudo<\/span> parted<\/span> \/dev\/sdb mkpart primary 0<\/span>% 100<\/span>%
    \nsudo<\/span> parted<\/span> \/dev\/sdb set<\/span> 1<\/span> lvm on
    \nsudo<\/span> pvcreate \/dev\/sdb1
    \n# \u6269\u5c55\u5377\u7ec4<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> vgextend vg_home \/dev\/sdb1
    \n# \u6269\u5c55\u903b\u8f91\u5377<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> lvextend -l<\/span> +100%FREE \/dev\/vg_home\/lv_home # \u5206\u914d\u65b0\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> resize2fs \/dev\/vg_home\/lv_home # \u8c03\u6574\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5927\u5c0f<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6559\u8bad<\/h4>\n

    \u4ee5\u540e\u4e3a Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u533a\u7684\u65f6\u5019，\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5c06\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u548c \/home \u5206\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u533a\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u5206\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8bdd，\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5176\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u8fdb\u884c\u5378\u8f7d\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 \u5e94\u8be5\u4e3a\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5206\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5927\u5c0f，\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u7ed9 \/home，\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4ee5\u540e\u5bf9 \/home \u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\u3002 \u53e6\u5916，\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u4ee5\u540e\u662f\u5426\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5bb9，\u6700\u597d\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u5c06\u5176\u6309\u7167 lvm \u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u533a\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u8fd9\u7bc7\u535a\u5ba2\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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