{"id":29099,"date":"2025-04-20T05:41:14","date_gmt":"2025-04-19T21:41:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/29099.html"},"modified":"2025-04-20T05:41:14","modified_gmt":"2025-04-19T21:41:14","slug":"%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e6%98%afasgi%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/29099.html","title":{"rendered":"\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fASGI\u670d\u52a1\u5668"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5f15\u8a00：\u4eceWSGI\u5230ASGI<\/h4>\n

\u5728\u63a2\u8ba8ASGI\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u524d，\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u524d\u8eab\u2014\u2014WSGI（Web Server Gateway Interface）\u3002WSGI\u662fPython\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8eWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0eWeb\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u7528\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5982\u4f55\u54cd\u5e94\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u7136\u800c，\u968f\u7740Web\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55，\u5c24\u5176\u662fWebSockets\u548cHTTP\/2\u7b49\u65b0\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u51fa\u73b0，WSGI\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u9010\u6e10\u663e\u73b0\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u9700\u6c42，ASGI（Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface）\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fASGI？<\/h4>\n

ASGI\u662fWSGI\u7684\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005，\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u6b65\u7684\u3001\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u4e0eWSGI\u4e0d\u540c，ASGI\u4e0d\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u4f20\u7edf\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42，\u8fd8\u652f\u6301WebSocket\u3001HTTP\/2\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u6765\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002ASGI\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8ba9Python Web\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42，\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

ASGI\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5<\/h5>\n
  • \u5f02\u6b65\u652f\u6301：ASGI\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u7684，\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7b49\u5f85I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c（\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42）\u65f6\u91ca\u653eCPU\u8d44\u6e90，\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u534f\u8bae\u591a\u6837\u6027：ASGI\u4e0d\u4ec5\u652f\u6301HTTP，\u8fd8\u652f\u6301WebSocket\u3001HTTP\/2\u7b49\u534f\u8bae，\u4f7f\u5f97\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u7075\u6d3b\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8：ASGI\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42，\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n

    ASGI\u4e0eWSGI\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h4>\n

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3ASGI，\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b83\u4e0eWSGI\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u540c\u6b65 vs \u5f02\u6b65：WSGI\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u7684，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76f4\u5230\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u800cASGI\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u7684，\u5141\u8bb8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728\u7b49\u5f85I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u5176\u4ed6\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u534f\u8bae\u652f\u6301：WSGI\u4ec5\u652f\u6301HTTP\u534f\u8bae，\u800cASGI\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u534f\u8bae，\u5305\u62ecWebSocket\u548cHTTP\/2\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406：\u7531\u4e8e\u5f02\u6b65\u7279\u6027，ASGI\u5728\u5904\u7406\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u4f73\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      ASGI\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/h4>\n

      ASGI\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n

    • \u63a5\u6536\u8bf7\u6c42：ASGI\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9ASGI\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u8c03\u7528\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f：ASGI\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8c03\u7528\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684__call__\u65b9\u6cd5，\u5e76\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u4fe1\u606f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42：\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u7684，\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7b49\u5f85I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u91ca\u653eCPU\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u53d1\u9001\u54cd\u5e94：ASGI\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002<\/li>\n

      \u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b：\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684ASGI\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/h4>\n

      \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684ASGI\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u793a\u4f8b，\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86uvicorn\u4f5c\u4e3aASGI\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

      async<\/span> def<\/span> app<\/span>(<\/span>scope,<\/span> receive,<\/span> send)<\/span>:<\/span>
      \n if<\/span> scope[<\/span>'type'<\/span>]<\/span> ==<\/span> 'http'<\/span>:<\/span>
      \n await<\/span> send(<\/span>{<\/span>
      \n 'type'<\/span>:<\/span> 'http.response.start'<\/span>,<\/span>
      \n 'status'<\/span>:<\/span> 200<\/span>,<\/span>
      \n 'headers'<\/span>:<\/span> [<\/span>
      \n [<\/span>b'content-type'<\/span>,<\/span> b'text\/plain'<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
      \n ]<\/span>,<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>)<\/span>
      \n await<\/span> send(<\/span>{<\/span>
      \n 'type'<\/span>:<\/span> 'http.response.body'<\/span>,<\/span>
      \n 'body'<\/span>:<\/span> b'Hello, ASGI!'<\/span>,<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u91ca<\/h5>\n
        \n
      • scope：\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f，\u5982\u8bf7\u6c42\u7c7b\u578b（HTTP\u3001WebSocket\u7b49）\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n
      • receive：\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u6b65\u51fd\u6570，\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
      • send：\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u6b65\u51fd\u6570，\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u68c0\u67e5scope['type']\u662f\u5426\u4e3a'http'，\u5982\u679c\u662f，\u5219\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u54cd\u5e94\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206：http.response.start\u548chttp.response.body\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u548c\u5934\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f，\u540e\u8005\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528：\u4f7f\u7528ASGI\u6784\u5efaWebSocket\u5e94\u7528<\/h4>\n

        ASGI\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u652f\u6301HTTP，\u8fd8\u652f\u6301WebSocket\u7b49\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684WebSocket\u5e94\u7528\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

        async<\/span> def<\/span> websocket_app<\/span>(<\/span>scope,<\/span> receive,<\/span> send)<\/span>:<\/span>
        \n if<\/span> scope[<\/span>'type'<\/span>]<\/span> ==<\/span> 'websocket'<\/span>:<\/span>
        \n while<\/span> True<\/span>:<\/span>
        \n message =<\/span> await<\/span> receive(<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n if<\/span> message[<\/span>'type'<\/span>]<\/span> ==<\/span> 'websocket.connect'<\/span>:<\/span>
        \n await<\/span> send(<\/span>{<\/span>'type'<\/span>:<\/span> 'websocket.accept'<\/span>}<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n elif<\/span> message[<\/span>'type'<\/span>]<\/span> ==<\/span> 'websocket.receive'<\/span>:<\/span>
        \n await<\/span> send(<\/span>{<\/span>
        \n 'type'<\/span>:<\/span> 'websocket.send'<\/span>,<\/span>
        \n 'text'<\/span>:<\/span> f"You said: <\/span>{<\/span>message[<\/span>'text'<\/span>]<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>"<\/span><\/span>
        \n }<\/span>)<\/span>
        \n elif<\/span> message[<\/span>'type'<\/span>]<\/span> ==<\/span> 'websocket.disconnect'<\/span>:<\/span>
        \n break<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u91ca<\/h5>\n
          \n
        • websocket.connect：\u5f53WebSocket\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1\u3002<\/li>\n
        • websocket.receive：\u5f53\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6d88\u606f\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1\u3002<\/li>\n
        • websocket.send：\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002<\/li>\n
        • websocket.disconnect：\u5f53WebSocket\u8fde\u63a5\u65ad\u5f00\u65f6\u89e6\u53d1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684WebSocket\u5e94\u7528，\u5b83\u63a5\u6536\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u56de\u663e\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684ASGI\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h4>\n

          \u76ee\u524d\u5e02\u9762\u4e0a\u6709\u591a\u4e2aASGI\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9，\u5982uvicorn\u3001daphne\u548chypercorn\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f：<\/p>\n

            \n
          • uvicorn：\u57fa\u4e8euvloop\u548chttptools，\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5f02，\u9002\u5408\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n
          • daphne：\u7531Django\u56e2\u961f\u5f00\u53d1，\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8eDjango Channels\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/li>\n
          • hypercorn：\u652f\u6301HTTP\/2\u548cASGI 3.0，\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u7ea7\u534f\u8bae\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u603b\u7ed3<\/h4>\n

            ASGI\u4f5c\u4e3aWSGI\u7684\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005，\u4e3aPython Web\u5f00\u53d1\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u548c\u591a\u534f\u8bae\u652f\u6301\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7ASGI，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u548c\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u573a\u666f\u65f6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8bb2\u89e3\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b，\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3ASGI\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b66\u4e60\u8d44\u6e90<\/h4>\n
              \n
            • ASGI\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863：https:\/\/asgi.readthedocs.io\/<\/li>\n
            • Uvicorn\u6587\u6863：https:\/\/www.uvicorn.org\/<\/li>\n
            • Django Channels：https:\/\/channels.readthedocs.io\/<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90，\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u5b66\u4e60ASGI\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282，\u5e76\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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