![\"menu-r.4af5f7ec.gif\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250419074153-680353c1967cf.gif\")
<\/p>\n \u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 <\/p>\n
\u7b80\u4ecb：\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d，"\u5e76\u53d1\u6027"\u662f\u5173\u952e\u8981\u7d20，\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u7528\u6237\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002"quiz_concurrency"\u9879\u76ee\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8eJava\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b，\u5229\u7528Java\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u9879\u76ee\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u5e76\u53d1\u5bb9\u5668\u3001\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u3001\u5e76\u53d1\u5de5\u5177\u7c7b\u3001\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u3001\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u542f\u52a8\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7b49\u65b9\u9762，\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u63d0\u5347\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002 ![\"\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250419074153-680353c1af01a.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
Java\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u4f5c，\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u638c\u63e1Java\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4dIT\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u7684\u5fc5\u5907\u6280\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e4b\u524d，\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5148\u533a\u5206\u5e76\u53d1（Concurrency）\u548c\u5e76\u884c（Parallelism）\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5e76\u53d1\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u98ce\u683c，\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0a\u770b\u4f3c\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1；\u800c\u5e76\u884c\u662f\u6307\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0a\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728Java\u4e2d，\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u7531 java.lang.Thread \u7c7b\u6216\u8005\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 Runnable \u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u8c03，\u90fd\u662f\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n
public class MyThread extends Thread {
\n @Override
\n public void run() {
\n \/\/ \u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
public class ThreadExample {
\n public static void main(String[] args) {
\n MyThread t = new MyThread();
\n t.start(); \/\/ \u542f\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8986\u5199 run \u65b9\u6cd5，\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8c03\u7528 start \u65b9\u6cd5\u540e，Java\u865a\u62df\u673a\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884c run \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u672c\u7ae0\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdJava\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762，\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u6253\u4e0b\u575a\u5b9e\u57fa\u7840\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u5f62\u5f0f，\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u961f\u5217\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u9891\u7e41\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4： <\/p>\n
\/\/ \u7b80\u5355\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b
\nExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10); \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60
\nfor (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
\n executor.submit(() -> {
\n System.out.println("Executing task");
\n });
\n}
\nexecutor.shutdown(); \/\/ \u5173\u95ed\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60，\u4e0d\u518d\u63a5\u53d7\u65b0\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u91cd\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u51cf\u5c11\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0a\u7684\u5f00\u9500，\u63d0\u5347\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u5355\u72ec\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4f18\u52bf： <\/p>\n
\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5982\u4e0b\u573a\u666f： <\/p>\n
ThreadPoolExecutor \u662f Java \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7075\u6d3b\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7684\u884c\u4e3a，\u5305\u62ec： <\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 ThreadPoolExecutor \u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801： <\/p>\n
int corePoolSize = 5; \/\/ \u6838\u5fc3\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570
\nint maximumPoolSize = 10; \/\/ \u6700\u5927\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570
\nlong keepAliveTime = 60; \/\/ \u975e\u6838\u5fc3\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b58\u6d3b\u65f6\u95f4（\u79d2）
\nBlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(100); \/\/ \u963b\u585e\u961f\u5217
\nThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
\n corePoolSize,
\n maximumPoolSize,
\n keepAliveTime,
\n TimeUnit.SECONDS,
\n workQueue
\n);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u63d0\u4ea4\u4efb\u52a1\u5230\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u6267\u884c
\nexecutor.execute(() -> System.out.println("Running task…"));<\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u53c2\u6570\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236\u6765\u5b9a\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u914d\u7f6e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5： <\/p>\n
\u76d1\u63a7\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u662f\u4fdd\u969c\u5e94\u7528\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u76d1\u63a7\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u72b6\u6001，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898，\u5982\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u9732\u3001\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7b49\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001： <\/p>\n
\u8c03\u6574\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u5305\u62ec： <\/p>\n
\/\/ \u793a\u4f8b：\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u53c2\u6570
\n\/\/ \u76d1\u63a7\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5，\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u5f97\u592a\u6162，\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u6838\u5fc3\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570
\nif (executor.getCompletedTaskCount() > someThreshold) {
\n executor.setCorePoolSize(newCorePoolSize);
\n}<\/p>\n
\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u8c03\u6574，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u53d1\u6325\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d，\u6570\u636e\u5171\u4eab\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u662f\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u5bb9\u5668，\u5982Vector\u548cHashtable，\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u4f1a\u52a0\u9501，\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e89\u7528\u548c\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898，Java\u5e76\u53d1\u5305（java.util.concurrent）\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u7c7b，\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5e76\u53d1\u5bb9\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bb9\u5668\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u51cf\u5c11\u9501\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\u6548\u7387，\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u5bb9\u5668\u5305\u62ec： <\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e76\u53d1\u5bb9\u5668\u4e3a\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5e76\u53d1\u5bb9\u5668\u4e0e\u540c\u6b65\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u540c\u6b65\u5bb9\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u65b9\u6cd5，\u5373\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ea7\u522b\u6216\u5185\u90e8\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ea7\u522b\u8fdb\u884c\u9501\u5b9a\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u7136\u800c，\u8fd9\u79cd\u9501\u5b9a\u673a\u5236\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u663e\u5f97\u7b28\u91cd\u548c\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5e76\u53d1\u5bb9\u5668\u5219\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u66f4\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u9501\u5b9a\u7b56\u7565\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e0\u9501\u6216\u5206\u6bb5\u9501\u7684\u673a\u5236，\u4f8b\u5982ConcurrentHashMap，\u5b83\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u6bb5（segments），\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6bb5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9501\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5141\u8bb8\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6bb5，\u4ece\u800c\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5e76\u53d1\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6b64\u5916，\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e76\u53d1\u5bb9\u5668\u8fd8\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u975e\u963b\u585e\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5，\u4f8b\u5982\u65e0\u9501\u7684CAS（Compare-And-Swap）\u64cd\u4f5c，\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u5e76\u53d1\u5bb9\u5668\u8fd8\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u5bb9\u5668\u65f6，\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u5982\u679c\u5e76\u53d1\u64cd\u4f5c\u591a\u3001\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8，\u90a3\u4e48\u9009\u62e9\u5e76\u53d1\u5bb9\u5668\u66f4\u4e3a\u5408\u9002\u3002 <\/p>\n
ConcurrentHashMap\u662f\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u540c\u65f6，\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u9501\u7ade\u4e89，\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\u3002ConcurrentHashMap\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5206\u6bb5\u9501（Segmentation Locking）\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8bbf\u95ee，\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u8868\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u9501\u5b9a\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728ConcurrentHashMap\u4e2d，\u6574\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2asegment（\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f16\u4e2a），\u6bcf\u4e2asegment\u72ec\u7acb\u6301\u6709\u9501，\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u8fdb\u884c\u5e76\u53d1\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740，\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e0b，\u591a\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684segment\u4e0a\u6267\u884c，\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u5f7c\u6b64\u5b8c\u6210\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684ConcurrentHashMap\u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n
ConcurrentHashMap<String, Integer> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
\nmap.put("apple", 1);
\nmap.put("banana", 2);
\nmap.putIfAbsent("apple", 3); \/\/ \u4e0d\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728
\nSystem.out.println(map.get("apple")); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa 1<\/p>\n
CopyOnWriteArrayList\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684ArrayList，\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5199\u65f6\u590d\u5236（Copy-On-Write）\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u65f6，\u5b83\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u590d\u5236\u5e95\u5c42\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u526f\u672c，\u5e76\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u526f\u672c\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c，\u6700\u540e\u5c06\u539f\u5217\u8868\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u6837，\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u9501\u8bbf\u95ee，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u65e7\u6570\u7ec4\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u8bfb\u591a\u5199\u5c11\u7684\u573a\u666f，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u9501\u7684\u4f7f\u7528，\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u8bfb\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u7136\u800c，\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f，\u6bcf\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u7ec4\u590d\u5236，\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u9891\u7e41，\u6027\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684CopyOnWriteArrayList\u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n
CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
\nlist.add("Item 1");
\nlist.add("Item 2");
\nlist.set(0, "Updated Item 1"); \/\/ \u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u6570\u7ec4\u590d\u5236
\nSystem.out.println(list.get(0)); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa "Updated Item 1"<\/p>\n
\u5e76\u53d1\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u7279\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u9501\u7684\u7ec6\u5206\u3001\u65e0\u9501\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u63d0\u5347\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002ConcurrentHashMap\u662f\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50，\u901a\u8fc7\u91c7\u7528\u5206\u6bb5\u9501（Segmentation Locking）\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u6b64\u5916，\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e76\u53d1\u5bb9\u5668\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f31\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1（\u4f8b\u5982ConcurrentHashMap），\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u8fed\u4ee3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5bb9\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7684\u4fee\u6539（\u5982\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20），\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u629b\u51fa ConcurrentModificationException ，\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u72b6\u6001，\u800c\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u9009\u62e9\u5e76\u53d1\u5bb9\u5668\u65f6，\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56e0\u7d20： <\/p>\n
\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0，\u7ed3\u5408\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c，\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u5bb9\u5668，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63d0\u5347\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5，\u5b83\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8Java\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236，\u5305\u62ec\u9501\u673a\u5236\u7684\u539f\u7406\u548c\u5e94\u7528，\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u540c\u6b65\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002 <\/p>\n
Java\u4e2d\u7684\u9501\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u9501\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5185\u7f6e\u7684（\u5982synchronized\u5173\u952e\u5b57），\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7Lock\u63a5\u53e3\u53ca\u5176\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n
synchronized \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u662fJava\u8bed\u8a00\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u65b9\u6cd5，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee3\u7801\u5757，\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u88ab synchronized \u4fee\u9970\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4ee3\u7801\u3002 <\/p>\n
public class Counter {
\n private int count = 0;<\/p>\n
public void increment() {
\n synchronized (this) {
\n count++;
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
public int getCount() {
\n synchronized (this) {
\n return count;
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d， increment \u548c getCount \u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 synchronized \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4fee\u9970，\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5bf9 count \u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u5165\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a synchronized \u4fee\u9970\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u65f6，\u5176\u4ed6\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fdb\u5165\u8be5\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c06\u88ab\u963b\u585e，\u76f4\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4eceJava 5\u5f00\u59cb\u5f15\u5165\u4e86 java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock \u63a5\u53e3，\u5b83\u6bd4 synchronized \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u9501\u673a\u5236\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u73b0 Lock \u63a5\u53e3，\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u9501\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684 Lock \u63a5\u53e3\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u5305\u62ec ReentrantLock \u3002 <\/p>\n
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
\nimport java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;<\/p>\n
public class CounterWithLock {
\n private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
\n private int count = 0;<\/p>\n
public void increment() {
\n lock.lock();
\n try {
\n count++;
\n } finally {
\n lock.unlock();
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
public int getCount() {
\n lock.lock();
\n try {
\n return count;
\n } finally {
\n lock.unlock();
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 ReentrantLock \u6765\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90 count \u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u4e0e synchronized \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f， ReentrantLock \u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u8c03\u7528 lock() \u548c unlock() \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u9501\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u867d\u7136\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u6027，\u4f46\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u6027，\u6bd4\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c38\u4e45\u963b\u585e，\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e2d\u65ad\u6b63\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u9501\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u5916，Java\u5e76\u53d1\u5e93\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u9ad8\u7ea7\u540c\u6b65\u5de5\u5177，\u5982 ReentrantLock \u3001 Condition \u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n
ReentrantLock \u652f\u6301\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027，\u5982\u5c1d\u8bd5\u975e\u963b\u585e\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u9501，\u53ef\u4e2d\u65ad\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u9501，\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u5e73\u9501\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002 <\/p>\n
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
\nimport java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;<\/p>\n
public class AdvancedLockUsage {
\n private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(true); \/\/ \u516c\u5e73\u9501<\/p>\n
public void doSomething() {
\n boolean locked = lock.tryLock();
\n if (locked) {
\n try {
\n \/\/ \u6267\u884c\u9700\u8981\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u4ee3\u7801
\n } finally {
\n lock.unlock();
\n }
\n } else {
\n \/\/ \u5982\u679c\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u5931\u8d25，\u5904\u7406\u5931\u8d25\u903b\u8f91
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8be5\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d， ReentrantLock \u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u4e3a\u516c\u5e73\u9501\u3002\u516c\u5e73\u9501\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u8bf7\u6c42\u9501\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6309\u7167\u8bf7\u6c42\u987a\u5e8f\u83b7\u5f97\u9501\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u907f\u514d\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u88ab\u997f\u6b7b（\u6c38\u8fdc\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u6267\u884c\u673a\u4f1a）\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n
Condition \u4e0e ReentrantLock \u7d27\u5bc6\u914d\u5408，\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\u7b49\u5f85\u548c\u901a\u77e5\u7684\u673a\u5236，\u6bd4 synchronized \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684 wait \u3001 notify \u548c notifyAll \u66f4\u4e3a\u7075\u6d3b\u3002 <\/p>\n
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
\nimport java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
\nimport java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;<\/p>\n
public class ConditionExample {
\n private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
\n private final Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
\n private boolean ready;<\/p>\n
public void await() {
\n lock.lock();
\n try {
\n while (!ready) {
\n condition.await(); \/\/ \u5f53\u524d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u5165\u7b49\u5f85\u72b6\u6001
\n }
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e
\n } catch (InterruptedException e) {
\n Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); \/\/ \u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u65ad\u72b6\u6001
\n } finally {
\n lock.unlock();
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
public void signal() {
\n lock.lock();
\n try {
\n ready = true;
\n condition.signalAll(); \/\/ \u5524\u9192\u6240\u6709\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b
\n } finally {
\n lock.unlock();
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8be5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d， await() \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f6e\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u7b49\u5f85\u72b6\u6001，\u800c signal() \u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u4f1a\u5524\u9192\u5728\u8be5\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0a\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u673a\u5236\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528，\u4f8b\u5982\u751f\u4ea7\u8005-\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u65f6，\u6027\u80fd\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002 <\/p>\n
synchronized \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u548c ReentrantLock \u90fd\u6709\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b， synchronized \u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u4f7f\u7528，\u5e76\u4e14\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b，\u5982\u9700\u8981\u516c\u5e73\u9501\u3001\u5c1d\u8bd5\u975e\u963b\u585e\u83b7\u53d6\u9501\u6216\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d\u65ad\u65f6， ReentrantLock \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u529b\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u79cd\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u65f6，\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56e0\u7d20： <\/p>\n
\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u65f6，\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5e94\u6743\u8861\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f，\u505a\u51fa\u6700\u9002\u5408\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51b3\u7b56\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230Java\u4e2d\u540c\u6b65\u673a\u5236\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u719f\u7ec3\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540c\u6b65\u5de5\u5177，\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u9ad8\u6548\u4e14\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a2\u8ba8\u5e76\u53d1\u5de5\u5177\u7c7b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528，\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u5f3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u6280\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d，CountDownLatch\u7c7b\u662fjava.util.concurrent\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u7c7b，\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85\u76f4\u5230\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u3002CountDownLatch\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u5f00\u59cb，\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528countDown()\u65b9\u6cd5\u9012\u51cf\u8ba1\u6570，\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528await()\u65b9\u6cd5\u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u76f4\u5230\u8ba1\u6570\u8fbe\u5230\u96f6\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u8fbe\u5230\u96f6，\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4f7f\u7528CountDownLatch\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
\nimport java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
\nimport java.util.concurrent.Executors;<\/p>\n
public class CountDownLatchExample {
\n public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
\n \/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u503c\u4e3a5
\n CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(5);<\/p>\n
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);<\/p>\n
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
\n executor.submit(new Task(latch));
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7b49\u5f85
\n latch.await();<\/p>\n
System.out.println("\u6240\u6709\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210，\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c…");<\/p>\n
executor.shutdown();
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
class Task implements Runnable {
\n private CountDownLatch latch;<\/p>\n
public Task(CountDownLatch latch) {
\n this.latch = latch;
\n }<\/p>\n
@Override
\n public void run() {
\n System.out.println("\u5b50\u7ebf\u7a0b：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1…");
\n try {
\n Thread.sleep(1000); \/\/ \u6a21\u62df\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4
\n } catch (InterruptedException e) {
\n e.printStackTrace();
\n }
\n latch.countDown(); \/\/ \u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210，\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u51cf1
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u4ee3\u7801\u521b\u5efa\u4e865\u4e2a\u5b50\u4efb\u52a1，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e，\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528 latch.countDown() \u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u8c03\u7528 latch.await() \u540e\u5c06\u963b\u585e，\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u4efb\u52a1\u90fd\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002 <\/p>\n
Semaphore，\u53c8\u79f0\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf，\u662f\u7528\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u5b9a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u201c\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u201d\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1，\u5219\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c06\u88ab\u963b\u585e，\u76f4\u5230\u6709\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u7528\u3002\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf，\u6bd4\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Semaphore\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50： <\/p>\n
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
\nimport java.util.concurrent.Executors;
\nimport java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;<\/p>\n
public class SemaphoreExample {
\n public static void main(String[] args) {
\n \/\/ \u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a3
\n Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(3);<\/p>\n
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(6);<\/p>\n
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
\n executorService.submit(new Worker(i, semaphore));
\n }<\/p>\n
executorService.shutdown();
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
class Worker implements Runnable {
\n private int workerId;
\n private Semaphore semaphore;<\/p>\n
public Worker(int workerId, Semaphore semaphore) {
\n this.workerId = workerId;
\n this.semaphore = semaphore;
\n }<\/p>\n
@Override
\n public void run() {
\n try {
\n System.out.println("Worker " + workerId + " is waiting for a permit.");
\n semaphore.acquire();
\n System.out.println("Worker " + workerId + " gets a permit.");<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6a21\u62df\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c
\n Thread.sleep(2000);<\/p>\n
System.out.println("Worker " + workerId + " releases the permit.");
\n } catch (InterruptedException e) {
\n e.printStackTrace();
\n } finally {
\n \/\/ \u91ca\u653e\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1，\u4f9b\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528
\n semaphore.release();
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d，\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u6570\u91cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a3\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u67093\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c06\u7b49\u5f85，\u76f4\u5230\u6709\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n
CyclicBarrier\u662fJava\u5e76\u53d1\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u6b65\u5de5\u5177，\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ebf\u7a0b\u76f8\u4e92\u7b49\u5f85，\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u540e\u518d\u4e00\u8d77\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002CyclicBarrier\u4e0eCountDownLatch\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e，CyclicBarrier\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684，\u800cCountDownLatch\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662fCyclicBarrier\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b： <\/p>\n
import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
\nimport java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
\nimport java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
\nimport java.util.concurrent.Executors;<\/p>\n
public class CyclicBarrierExample {
\n public static void main(String[] args) {
\n \/\/ \u521b\u5efaCyclicBarrier\u5b9e\u4f8b，\u5176\u4e2d3\u8868\u793a\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6570
\n CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(3, () -> {
\n System.out.println("\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5df2\u5230\u8fbe\u5c4f\u969c\u70b9，\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u4efb\u52a1…");
\n });<\/p>\n
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);<\/p>\n
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
\n executorService.submit(new Task(barrier));
\n }<\/p>\n
executorService.shutdown();
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
class Task implements Runnable {
\n private CyclicBarrier barrier;<\/p>\n
public Task(CyclicBarrier barrier) {
\n this.barrier = barrier;
\n }<\/p>\n
@Override
\n public void run() {
\n try {
\n System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is waiting on barrier…");
\n barrier.await();
\n System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " has crossed the barrier…");
\n } catch (InterruptedException | BrokenBarrierException e) {
\n e.printStackTrace();
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aCyclicBarrier\u5b9e\u4f8b，\u5e76\u4e14\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5f53\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u5230\u8fbe\u5c4f\u969c\u70b9\u540e，\u5c06\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u7684\u4efb\u52a1（Lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f），\u7136\u540e\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002 <\/p>\n
Phaser\u662fJava\u5e76\u53d1API\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u5c4f\u969c\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f60\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u3002\u4e0eCyclicBarrier\u4e0d\u540c，Phaser\u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u518c\u65b0\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3002 <\/p>\n
Phaser\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742，\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\u660e： <\/p>\n
import java.util.concurrent.Phaser;<\/p>\n
public class PhaserExample {
\n public static void main(String[] args) {
\n \/\/ \u521b\u5efaPhaser\u5b9e\u4f8b，\u521d\u59cb\u6ce8\u518c3\u4e2a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005
\n Phaser phaser = new Phaser(3);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4e09\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1
\n for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
\n new Task(phaser).start();
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
class Task extends Thread {
\n private Phaser phaser;<\/p>\n
public Task(Phaser phaser) {
\n this.phaser = phaser;
\n }<\/p>\n
@Override
\n public void run() {
\n System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " \u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u4efb\u52a1…");<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u4efb\u52a1\u5230\u8fbe\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5
\n phaser.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();<\/p>\n
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " \u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u4efb\u52a1…");<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u7b49\u5f85\u6240\u6709\u4efb\u52a1\u5230\u8fbe\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5
\n phaser.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();<\/p>\n
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " \u5b8c\u6210\u6240\u6709\u4efb\u52a1\u3002");
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u540e\u5230\u8fbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5，\u7136\u540e\u7b49\u5f85\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1\u8fbe\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5，\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e2d，\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u63a7\u5236\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u573a\u666f，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5e76\u53d1\u5de5\u5177\u7c7b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6bd4\u5982，\u5728\u4e00\u4e2aWeb\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u9650\u5236\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee，\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8fc7\u8f7d\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Semaphore\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u6700\u5927\u5e76\u53d1\u6570\u3002 <\/p>\n
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;<\/p>\n
public class WebServer {
\n private Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(10); \/\/ \u6700\u5927\u5e76\u53d1\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u4e3a10<\/p>\n
public void serve() throws InterruptedException {
\n semaphore.acquire();
\n try {
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u903b\u8f91
\n System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " \u6b63\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42…");
\n Thread.sleep(5000); \/\/ \u6a21\u62df\u8017\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c
\n } finally {
\n semaphore.release();
\n System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " \u5b8c\u6210\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406，\u91ca\u653e\u8bb8\u53ef\u3002");
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aSemaphore\u5b9e\u4f8b，\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6700\u5927\u5e76\u53d1\u6570\u4e3a10\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u6765\u65f6，\u5c1d\u8bd5\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bb8\u53ef，\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6210\u529f\u83b7\u53d6\u8bb8\u53ef\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u540e\u91ca\u653e\u8bb8\u53ef，\u4f9b\u5176\u4ed6\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5e76\u53d1\u5de5\u5177\u7c7b\u65f6，\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Semaphore\u65f6，\u5e94\u5f53\u4ed4\u7ec6\u8003\u8651\u8bb8\u53ef\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\u3002\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f97\u592a\u9ad8，\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6d88\u8017；\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f97\u8fc7\u4f4e，\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u5165\u548c\u9000\u51fa\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u8def\u5f84\u90fd\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u5f02\u5e38，\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u8bb8\u53ef\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u91ca\u653e，\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b7b\u9501\u53d1\u751f\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b56\u7565： <\/p>\n
\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u903b\u8f91\u65f6，\u5e94\u5f53\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\u8fdb\u884c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u8003\u91cf，\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5e73\u8861\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d，I\/O\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u6307\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f，\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e24\u79cdI\/O\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u963b\u585eI\/O\u548c\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u963b\u585eI\/O（Blocking I\/O）\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u53d1\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2aI\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e，\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u5f85\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210，\u671f\u95f4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u5176\u5b83\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u573a\u666f，\u4f46\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u74f6\u9888\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O（Non-blocking I\/O）\u4e0e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u4e0d\u540c，\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u5728I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7acb\u5373\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6，\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f85，\u800c\u662f\u7acb\u523b\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7，\u8868\u793a\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5426\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u51c6\u5907\u5c31\u7eea\u65f6，\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u5141\u8bb8\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1，\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u5ea6\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u963b\u585eI\/O\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u4e0b，\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6216\u8005\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b49\u5f85I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u800c\u5904\u4e8e\u4f11\u7720\u72b6\u6001，\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u88ab\u6d6a\u8d39，\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u963b\u585eI\/O\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u8017\u5c3d，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u65ad\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42，\u8fd9\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u589e\u52a0\u548c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u5f00\u9500\u3002 <\/p>\n
Java NIO（New I\/O）\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u57fa\u4e8e\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u6a21\u578b\u7684API，\u7528\u4e8e\u5728Java\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u6587\u4ef6I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002NIO\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edfJava I\/O\u4e0d\u540c\u7684I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f，\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u9053（Channel）\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c，\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u51b2\u533a（Buffer）\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u57df\u3002 <\/p>\n
NIO\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6： – \u901a\u9053（Channel） ：\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c，\u662f\u8fde\u63a5I\/O\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u7aef\u70b9，\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u9053\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u9053\u7b49\u3002 – \u7f13\u51b2\u533a（Buffer） ：\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u57df，\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002 – \u9009\u62e9\u5668（Selector） ：\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u901a\u9053，\u80fd\u591f\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u9009\u62e9\u5668（Selector）\u662fNIO\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6，\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u76d1\u89c6\u591a\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u901a\u9053，\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u901a\u9053\u662f\u5426\u6709I\/O\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f，\u6bd4\u5982\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u8bfb\u3001\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u5199\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u901a\u9053（Channel）\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u6ce8\u518c\u5230\u9009\u62e9\u5668（Selector）\u4e0a\u3002\u6ce8\u518c\u65f6，\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d，\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ce8\u518c\u591a\u4e2a\u901a\u9053，\u8fd9\u6837，\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u901a\u9053\u7684I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e00\u65e6\u901a\u9053\u88ab\u6ce8\u518c，\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u901a\u9053\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2aI\/O\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65f6，\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de，\u7136\u540e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6，\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u963b\u585e\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ea\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u578b，\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u573a\u666f，\u6bd4\u5982\u9ad8\u6d41\u91cf\u7684Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b，\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5f00\u9500，\u964d\u4f4e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u7684\u9891\u7387，\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8e\u975e\u963b\u585eI\/O\u7684\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5305\u62ec： <\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u80fd\u591f\u9ad8\u6548\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u6ee1\u8db3\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4f20\u7edf\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5904\u7406\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u65f6，\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u9996\u5148，\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u8f83\u591a，\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f00\u9500\u5927\u4e14\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u3002\u5176\u6b21，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u5360\u7528\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90，\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f1a\u6d88\u8017\u5927\u91cf\u5185\u5b58，\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u6b64\u5916，\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u6210\u672c\u9ad8，\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u8d77\u6b7b\u9501\u548c\u7ade\u6001\u6761\u4ef6\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218，\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u6765\u590d\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u51cf\u5c11\u7ebf\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u7136\u800c，\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u77ed\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6，\u4f9d\u7136\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9891\u7e41\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362\u800c\u635f\u8017\u6027\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u54cd\u5e94\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u548c\u53d8\u5316\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e0d\u540c，\u54cd\u5e94\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u548c\u4f20\u64ad\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u54cd\u5e94\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u573a\u666f，\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u54cd\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u65f6，\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6e90，\u901a\u8fc7\u54cd\u5e94\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u53cd\u5e94，\u5feb\u901f\u66f4\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u3002\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef，\u54cd\u5e94\u5f0f\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6d41，\u901a\u8fc7\u58f0\u660e\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u5904\u7406，\u8fbe\u5230\u9ad8\u6548\u5229\u7528\u8d44\u6e90，\u51cf\u5c11\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n
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