{"id":25617,"date":"2025-04-19T13:16:33","date_gmt":"2025-04-19T05:16:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/25617.html"},"modified":"2025-04-19T13:16:33","modified_gmt":"2025-04-19T05:16:33","slug":"%e6%b7%b1%e5%ba%a6%e5%89%96%e6%9e%90-linux-%e5%85%b1%e4%ba%ab%e5%86%85%e5%ad%98%ef%bc%9a%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5%e3%80%81%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e8%b0%83%e7%94%a8%e5%8f%8a%e4%bb%a3%e7%a0%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/25617.html","title":{"rendered":"\u6df1\u5ea6\u5256\u6790 Linux \u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u53ca\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Linux\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>\u6587\u7ae0\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Linux\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0<\/li>\n<li>\u524d\u8a00<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8c\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u521b\u5efa<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>2.1 shmget()\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n<li>2.2 ftok()\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n<li>2.3 shmat()\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n<li>2.4 shmdt()\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n<li>2.5 shmctl()\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e09\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>3.1 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u4fe1\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee3\u7801<\/li>\n<li>3.2 \u5199\u5165\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ee3\u7801<\/li>\n<li>3.3 \u8bfb\u53d6\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ee3\u7801<\/li>\n<li>3.4 \u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u7279\u70b9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u524d\u8a00<\/h2>\n<p>Linux\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1&#xff08;IPC&#xff09;\u673a\u5236&#xff0c;\u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u4e00\u5757\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u591a\u6b21\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002\u672c\u7bc7\u6211\u5c06\u901a\u4e2a\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b83\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e00\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h2>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u5bf9\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u7b80\u5355\u4e86\u89e3&#xff0c;\u540e\u9762\u4f1a\u7ed3\u5408\u4ee3\u7801\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u8baf\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f&#xff1a;\u8ba9\u4e0d\u540c\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u770b\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u8d44\u6e90&#xff01;&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u901a\u8baf\u76ee\u7684&#xff0c;\u9996\u5148\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u8baf\u65f6&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u9996\u5148\u4f1a\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e0a\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u4efd\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u5c06\u8fd9\u4efd\u5171\u4eab\u7a7a\u95f4\u6302\u63a5\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff08;\u5728\u9875\u8868\u4e2d\u4e0e\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u5efa\u7acb\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u8baf\u65f6&#xff0c;\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7PCB\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u4e92&#xff0c;\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4efd\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u3001\u91ca\u653e\u3001\u7ba1\u7406&#xff0c;\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u5b8c\u6210&#xff08;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u6027&#xff0c;\u5177\u4f53\u539f\u56e0\u4e0a\u7bc7\u6211\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86&#xff09;\u3002 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250419051631-680331af5834b.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/> \u901a\u8baf\u7ed3\u675f&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u91ca\u653e\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u9996\u5148\u8981\u5c06\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u53bb\u5173\u8054&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u518d\u91ca\u653e\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u64cd\u4f5c\u5747\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u5b8c\u6210&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u524d&#xff0c;\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e8c\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u521b\u5efa<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecd\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u540c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u7279\u70b9<\/p>\n<h3>2.1 shmget()\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/ipc.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/shm.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">shmget<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token class-name\">key_t<\/span> key<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">size_t<\/span> size<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> shmflg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a; shmget()\u63a5\u53e3\u8ba9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u4efd\u7a7a\u95f4\u7528\u505a\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<p>key:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>key_t:int\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5c01\u88c5<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a5\u53e3\u83b7\u53d6<\/li>\n<li>\u7528\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u5728\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u6027&#xff0c;\u901a\u8baf\u95f4\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7key\u627e\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>size:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u5b57\u8282<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>shmflg:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5b8f\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u53c2<\/li>\n<li>IPC_CREAT(\u5355\u72ec\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6)&#xff1a;\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u7a9c\u4e0d\u5728&#xff0c;\u5c31\u521b\u5efa&#xff0c;\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd4\u56de&#xff08;\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u901a\u8fc7key\u5224\u65ad&#xff09;\u3002<\/li>\n<li>IPC_CREAT|IPC_EXCL:\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728&#xff0c;\u5c31\u521b\u5efa&#xff0c;\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u51fa\u9519\u8fd4\u56de&#xff08;\u786e\u4fdd\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u65b0\u7684&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u552f\u4e00\u6027&#xff09;&#xff0c;IPC_EXCL\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u72ec\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u65f6\u53ef\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u540e\u9762\u6709\u6f14\u793a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff1a; \u6267\u884c\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26&#xff08;\u7528\u6237\u7ea7\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26&#xff0c;\u53ea\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u6807\u8bc6\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6027&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56de-1\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6eerrno&#xff0c;<\/p>\n<h3>2.2 ftok()\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/types.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/ipc.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token class-name\">key_t<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">ftok<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>pathname<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> proj_id<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a; \u4f7f\u7528\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u53c2\u6570pathname\u548cproj_id\u7684\u6700\u4f4e8\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2akey\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<p>pathname:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4fe1\u606f(\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u6b8a\u7684)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>proj_id:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9879\u76eeid&#xff0c;int\u578b\u6574\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff1a; \u6267\u884c\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2akey,\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56de-1\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9519\u8beferrno<\/p>\n<h3>2.3 shmat()\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/types.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/shm.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token function\">shmat<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> shmid<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>shmaddr<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> shmflg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a; \u5c06\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u4e3ashmid\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u6302\u63a5\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<p>shmid&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7531shmget\u63a5\u53e3&#xff0c;\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>shmaddr:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8981\u6302\u63a5\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740&#xff08;\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u7684&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u4f20\u9012nullptr\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5408\u9002\u9875\u7801\u5904\u4e0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5efa\u7acb\u6620\u5c04\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>shmflg:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u5f0f\u6302\u63a5\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u4ecb\u7ecd0&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u8bfb\u5199\u65b9\u5f0f\u6302\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff1a; \u6267\u884c\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de\u6302\u63a5\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de(void *) -1\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6eerrno.<\/p>\n<h3>2.4 shmdt()\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/types.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/shm.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">shmdt<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">void<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>shmaddr<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a; \u5c06\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u4ece\u8c03\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u79bb&#xff08;\u53bb\u6302\u63a5&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u6570 shmaddr:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7531shmat\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c&#xff1a; \u6267\u884c\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de0&#xff0c;\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de-1\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6eerrno.<\/p>\n<h3>2.5 shmctl()\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/ipc.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/shm.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">shmctl<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> shmid<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> cmd<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">shmid_ds<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>buf<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a; \u63a7\u5236\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<p>cmd: \u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>IPC_STAT:\u83b7\u53d6\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u5c06\u4ed6\u5b58\u50a8\u5728shmid_ds\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>IPC_RMID:\u6807\u8bb0\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u5f85\u5220\u9664\u3002\u5f53\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u4e0e\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u79bb\u540e&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u5220\u9664\u5b83\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5927\u5bb6\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u81ea\u5df1\u4e86\u89e3\u5427<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>buf:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>shmid_ds\u7c7b\u578b\u6307\u9488&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u578b\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u7528\u6765\u5c06\u5185\u6838\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4fe1\u606f\u62f7\u8d1d\u5e26\u51fa\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>struct shmid_ds\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5185\u6838\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5e76\u7ba1\u7406\u63cf\u8ff0\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61&#xff0c;\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u7ba1\u7406&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">shmid_ds<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">ipc_perm<\/span> shm_perm<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/* Ownership and permissions *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">size_t<\/span>          shm_segsz<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/* Size of segment (bytes) *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">time_t<\/span>          shm_atime<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/* Last attach time *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">time_t<\/span>          shm_dtime<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/* Last detach time *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">time_t<\/span>          shm_ctime<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/* Last change time *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span>           shm_cpid<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/* PID of creator *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span>           shm_lpid<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/* PID of last shmat(2)\/shmdt(2) *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">shmatt_t<\/span>        shm_nattch<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/* No. of current attaches *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">ipc_perm<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">key_t<\/span>          __key<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/* Key supplied to shmget(2) *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">uid_t<\/span>          uid<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>      <span class=\"token comment\">\/* Effective UID of owner *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">gid_t<\/span>          gid<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>      <span class=\"token comment\">\/* Effective GID of owner *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">uid_t<\/span>          cuid<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>     <span class=\"token comment\">\/* Effective UID of creator *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">gid_t<\/span>          cgid<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>     <span class=\"token comment\">\/* Effective GID of creator *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">unsigned<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">short<\/span> mode<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>     <span class=\"token comment\">\/* Permissions &#043; SHM_DEST and<br \/>\n                                SHM_LOCKED flags *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">unsigned<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">short<\/span> __seq<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/* Sequence number *\/<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230key\u4e5f\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h2>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u63a5\u53e3&#xff0c;\u7b80\u5355\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7a7f\u63d2\u4e00\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3.1 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u4fe1\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee3\u7801<\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">pragma<\/span> <span class=\"token expression\">once<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/#include&#034;log.hpp&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/ipc.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/types.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;cstdio&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;cstdlib&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;sys\/shm.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;unistd.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;string.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\nusing namespace std<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">define<\/span> <span class=\"token macro-name\">Pathname<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;\/home\/liang\/myshm\/&#034;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">define<\/span> <span class=\"token macro-name\">Proj_id<\/span> <span class=\"token expression\"><span class=\"token number\">0x664<\/span><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">define<\/span> <span class=\"token macro-name\">size<\/span> <span class=\"token expression\"><span class=\"token number\">4096<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/Log log;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token class-name\">key_t<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">GetKey<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u83b7\u53d6key\u503c<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">key_t<\/span> k<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token function\">ftok<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>Pathname<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>Proj_id<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>k<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">perror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;ftok&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">exit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> k<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">GetshmMem<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> shmflg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u521b\u5efa\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">key_t<\/span> k<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token function\">GetKey<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> shmid<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token function\">shmget<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>k<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>size<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>shmflg<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>shmid<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">perror<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;shmget&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">exit<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> shmid<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">CreatshmMem<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u76ee\u7684&#xff1a;\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">GetshmMem<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>IPC_CREAT<span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span>IPC_EXCL<span class=\"token operator\">|<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0666<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u76ee\u7684&#xff1a;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6743\u9650\u4e3a0666<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">GetshmMe<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u76ee\u7684&#xff1a;\u5f97\u5230\u5df2\u5c06\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">GetshmMem<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>IPC_CREAT<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>3.2 \u5199\u5165\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ee3\u7801<\/h3>\n<p>processb.cc\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;commem.hpp&#034;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/#include&#034;log.hpp&#034;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/extern Log log;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> shmid<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">GetshmMe<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>shmaddr<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token function\">shmat<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>shmid<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>nullptr<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u5c06\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6302\u63a5<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">while<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>true<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;Please Enter&#064; &#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">fgets<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>shmaddr<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><span class=\"token number\">4096<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><span class=\"token constant\">stdin<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u6d41\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u5165\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>3.3 \u8bfb\u53d6\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ee3\u7801<\/h3>\n<p>processa.cc\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;commem.hpp&#034;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/#include&#034;log.hpp&#034;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token comment\">\/\/extern Log log;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">shmid_ds<\/span> s_shm<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> shmid<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token function\">CreatshmMem<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> shmaddr<span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token function\">shmat<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>shmid<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>nullptr<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span><span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">while<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>true<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        cout<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;client say&#064; &#034;<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span>shmaddr<span class=\"token operator\">&lt;&lt;<\/span>endl<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><span 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