{"id":23604,"date":"2025-04-19T08:11:20","date_gmt":"2025-04-19T00:11:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/23604.html"},"modified":"2025-04-19T08:11:20","modified_gmt":"2025-04-19T00:11:20","slug":"stun%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af%ef%bc%9a%e5%ae%a2%e6%88%b7%e7%ab%af%e5%92%8c%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3%e4%b8%8e%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/23604.html","title":{"rendered":"STUN\u6280\u672f\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8be6\u89e3\u4e0e\u5b9e\u6218"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 \"menu-r.4af5f7ec.gif\"<\/p>\n

\u7b80\u4ecb：STUN\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae，\u65e8\u5728\u89e3\u51b3NAT\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u95ee\u9898\u3002STUN\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u6620\u5c04\u68c0\u6d4b\u673a\u5236\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bbe\u5907\u53d1\u73b0\u516c\u7f51IP\u548c\u7aef\u53e3，\u4ece\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u3002STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u8bf7\u6c42，\u800cICE\u534f\u8bae\u5219\u5728STUN\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u6982\u5ff5，\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u7387\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5STUN\u534f\u8bae\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981，\u76f8\u5173\u5f00\u6e90\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5728\u7ebf\u5e73\u53f0\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5NAT\u7a7f\u8d8a\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/p>\n

1. STUN\u534f\u8bae\u53ca\u5176\u4f5c\u7528 <\/h2>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362（NAT）\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6280\u672f，\u5b83\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86IPv4\u5730\u5740\u77ed\u7f3a\u7684\u95ee\u9898，\u5e76\u4e14\u9690\u85cf\u4e86\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u7136\u800c，\u5f53\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528，\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1（RTC）\u5e94\u7528\u65f6，NAT\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u597d\u5904\u88ab\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u62b5\u6d88\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc，\u7b80\u5355\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae（STUN）\u88ab\u5f15\u5165，\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002 <\/p>\n

STUN，\u5168\u79f0\u4e3aSession Traversal Utilities for NAT，\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae，\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4f4d\u4e8eNAT（\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362）\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u516c\u7f51\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5730\u5740，\u5e76\u5224\u65adNAT\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7c7b\u578b\u3002STUN\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3NAT\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5bf9\u7b49\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002 <\/p>\n

STUN\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef-\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f4d\u4e8e\u79c1\u6709\u7f51\u7edc，\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u9001STUN\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u83b7\u53d6\u516c\u7f51\u6620\u5c04\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7136\u540e，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u5efa\u7acb\u5916\u90e8\u8fde\u63a5，\u5141\u8bb8\u4e24\u4e2a\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540cNAT\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e92\u76f8\u901a\u4fe1\u3002STUN\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528，\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4，\u5b83\u5728\u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u4f73，\u5e76\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u63d0\u5347，\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0eICE（Interactive Connectivity Establishment）\u534f\u8bae\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528，\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u51b3\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684NAT\u7a7f\u900f\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/p>\n

2. NAT\u7a7f\u8d8a\u673a\u5236 <\/h2>\n

2.1 NAT\u7c7b\u578b\u6982\u8ff0 <\/h4>\n

NAT（Network Address Translation）\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362，\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u4e4b\u4e00，\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u89e3\u51b3IPv4\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u95ee\u9898，\u5e76\u4e14\u5141\u8bb8\u79c1\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5171IP\u5730\u5740\u8bbf\u95ee\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u3002 <\/p>\n

2.1.1 \u5168\u9525\u578bNAT <\/h5>\n

\u5168\u9525\u578bNAT（Full Cone NAT）\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684NAT\u7c7b\u578b，\u5f53\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5230\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8fde\u63a5，NAT\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\u8bb0\u5f55，\u4f7f\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u5916\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u516c\u5171IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u5411\u5185\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/p>\n

2.1.2 \u53d7\u9650\u9525\u578bNAT <\/h5>\n

\u53d7\u9650\u9525\u578bNAT（Restricted Cone NAT）\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5168\u9525\u578bNAT\u6709\u6240\u9650\u5236，\u53ea\u6709\u5148\u7531\u5185\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u5411\u5916\u90e8\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305，\u8be5\u5916\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u624d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u5171IP\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u5411\u5185\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/p>\n

2.1.3 \u7aef\u53e3\u53d7\u9650\u9525\u578bNAT <\/h5>\n

\u7aef\u53e3\u53d7\u9650\u9525\u578bNAT（Port Restricted Cone NAT）\u5728\u53d7\u9650\u9525\u578bNAT\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9650\u5236，\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5185\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u5411\u5916\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u65f6，\u8be5\u5916\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u624d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u516c\u5171IP\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u5411\u5185\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/p>\n

2.1.4 \u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT <\/h5>\n

\u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT（Symmetric NAT）\u662f\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684NAT\u7c7b\u578b，\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u8fde\u63a5，NAT\u90fd\u4f1a\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7aef\u53e3，\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4，\u5373\u4f7f\u5185\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u901a\u4fe1，\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u7aef\u53e3\u3002 <\/p>\n

2.2 NAT\u7a7f\u900f\u6280\u672f <\/h4>\n

2.2.1 \u7ed5\u8fc7NAT\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027 <\/h5>\n

\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d，\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728P2P（Peer-to-Peer）\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，NAT\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u901a\u4fe1\u969c\u788d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u591a\u79cdNAT\u7a7f\u900f\u6280\u672f\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u53d8\u5f97\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n

2.2.2 \u5e38\u89c1\u7684NAT\u7a7f\u900f\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u6bd4 <\/h5>\n
  • UPnP（Universal Plug and Play） ：\u5141\u8bb8\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u914d\u7f6e\u3002 <\/li>\n
  • STUN（Session Traversal Utilities for NAT） ：\u5141\u8bb8\u5916\u90e8\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u516c\u5171NAT\u6620\u5c04\u3002 <\/li>\n
  • TURN（Traversal Using Relays around NAT） ：\u5f53NAT\u7a7f\u8d8a\u5931\u8d25\u65f6，\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u7ee7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/li>\n
  • ICE（Interactive Connectivity Establishment） ：\u7ed3\u5408STUN\u548cTURN，\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f73\u901a\u4fe1\u8def\u5f84\u3002 <\/li>\n
    2.2.3 STUN\u5728NAT\u7a7f\u900f\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272 <\/h5>\n

    STUN\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728NAT\u7a7f\u8d8a\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u534f\u8bae，\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b0\u516c\u5171IP\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u6620\u5c04，\u5141\u8bb8\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540cNAT\u540e\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5efa\u7acb\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u3002STUN\u534f\u8bae\u80fd\u591f\u544a\u8bc9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aefNAT\u8f6c\u6362\u540e\u7684\u5730\u5740，\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u53cc\u65b9\u80fd\u591f\u5728P2P\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\u4e92\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n

    2.3 STUN\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u548c\u9650\u5236 <\/h4>\n

    STUN\u534f\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0eSTUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u6765\u53d1\u73b0NAT\u7684\u5916\u90e8IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9996\u5148\u5411STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42，STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e，\u56de\u590d\u4e00\u4e2a\u54cd\u5e94，\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u516c\u7f51IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u5c3d\u7ba1STUN\u534f\u8bae\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u89e3\u51b3NAT\u7a7f\u900f\u7684\u95ee\u9898，\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u6709\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u6bd4\u5982，\u5b83\u5728\u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT\u9762\u524d\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u4f73，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb，\u800c\u5728\u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT\u4e2d，\u6bcf\u6b21\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5757：STUN\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u54cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801\u8868\u793a
    \n\/\/ \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001STUN\u8bf7\u6c42
    \nstun_request = send_to_stun_server('STUN Binding Request')
    \n\/\/ STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42
    \nstun_response = receive_from_stun_server('STUN Binding Response')
    \n\/\/ \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u89e3\u6790STUN\u54cd\u5e94，\u83b7\u53d6\u516c\u5171\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4fe1\u606f
    \npublic_address = parse_response(stun_response)<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d，STUN\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0eSTUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801\u8868\u793a，\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u73b0\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5faaSTUN\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89c4\u5b9a，\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3001\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7b49\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u3002 <\/p>\n

    STUN\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3NAT\u7a7f\u8d8a\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49，\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7ae0\u8282\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd，\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9NAT\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u7684\u4e86\u89e3，\u5bf9NAT\u7a7f\u900f\u6280\u672f\u53caSTUN\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8STUN\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u6620\u5c04\u68c0\u6d4b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002 <\/p>\n

    3. STUN\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u6620\u5c04\u68c0\u6d4b <\/h2>\n

    \u5728\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u573a\u666f\u4e2d，STUN\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272，\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e0eSTUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4ea4\u4e92，\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u516c\u7f51IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u6620\u5c04\u4fe1\u606f，\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u5728NAT\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u6709\u6548\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8STUN\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u6620\u5c04\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002 <\/p>\n

    3.1 STUN\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u80fd <\/h3>\n

    STUN\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65e8\u5728\u89e3\u51b3NAT\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u95ee\u9898，\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u6d41\u7a0b，\u786e\u4fdd\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u516c\u7f51IP\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u6620\u5c04\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 <\/p>\n

    3.1.1 \u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0 <\/h4>\n

    STUN\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u73b0STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u9884\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u534f\u8bae\u6765\u52a8\u6001\u83b7\u53d6\u53ef\u7528\u7684STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5217\u8868\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u673a\u5236\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ece\u5019\u9009\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5，\u8fd9\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u591a\u4e2aNAT\u73af\u5883\u65f6\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n

    3.1.2 \u6620\u5c04\u5730\u5740\u83b7\u53d6 <\/h4>\n

    \u83b7\u53d6\u6620\u5c04\u5730\u5740\u662fSTUN\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u8fc7\u5411STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u7ed1\u5b9a\u8bf7\u6c42（Binding Request）\u5e76\u63a5\u6536\u7ed1\u5b9a\u54cd\u5e94（Binding Response），\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u516c\u7f51IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u7684STUN\u534f\u8bae\u4ea4\u4e92\u673a\u5236，\u5c06\u786e\u4fdd\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u53d8\u5316\u7684NAT\u73af\u5883\u4e0b，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e5f\u80fd\u5b9e\u65f6\u83b7\u5f97\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 <\/p>\n

    3.2 \u6620\u5c04\u68c0\u6d4b\u8fc7\u7a0b <\/h3>\n

    STUN\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728\u83b7\u53d6\u6620\u5c04\u5730\u5740\u540e，\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u671f\u6267\u884c\u6620\u5c04\u68c0\u6d4b，\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5728NAT\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u6620\u5c04\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u53ca\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 <\/p>\n

    3.2.1 \u7ed1\u5b9a\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94 <\/h4>\n

    \u6620\u5c04\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u53d1\u9001\u7ed1\u5b9a\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002STUN\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1ID，\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7UDP\u534f\u8bae\u5411STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed1\u5b9a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6d88\u606f\u3002STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e，\u5c06\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u516c\u7f51IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u586b\u5165\u7ed1\u5b9a\u54cd\u5e94\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d，\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u4fdd\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u65b0\u7684NAT\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 <\/p>\n

    3.2.2 \u4fdd\u6301\u7ed1\u5b9a <\/h4>\n

    \u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u516c\u7f51IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u6620\u5c04\u540e，STUN\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u8fdc\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u7136\u800c，NAT\u6620\u5c04\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d85\u65f6\u800c\u5931\u6548\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，STUN\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u671f\u53d1\u9001\u7ed1\u5b9a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5173\u7cfb，\u9632\u6b62NAT\u6620\u5c04\u5931\u6548\u5bfc\u81f4\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002 <\/p>\n

    3.2.3 \u8fde\u63a5\u8d85\u65f6\u548c\u5237\u65b0\u673a\u5236 <\/h4>\n

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u5904\u7406NAT\u7ed1\u5b9a\u8d85\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5，STUN\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5237\u65b0\u673a\u5236\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u5728\u7ed1\u5b9a\u8d85\u65f6\u524d\u53d1\u9001\u65b0\u7684\u7ed1\u5b9a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u5237\u65b0NAT\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002\u6b64\u5916，\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u6765\u81ea\u8fdc\u7aef\u7684\u6d88\u606f，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u7ed1\u5b9a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801，\u6f14\u793a\u4e86STUN\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5982\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u7ed1\u5b9a\u8bf7\u6c42： <\/p>\n

    import socket
    \nfrom stun import Message, XORPeerAddress<\/p>\n

    def send_binding_request(stun_server_ip, stun_server_port, local_ip, local_port):
    \n # Create a socket
    \n sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    \n # Enable the socket to be reused (required for UDP sockets)
    \n sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)<\/p>\n

    # Bind the socket to the local IP and port
    \n sock.bind((local_ip, local_port))<\/p>\n

    # Prepare the Binding Request
    \n request = Message()
    \n # Add XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS attribute to the request
    \n xor_addr = XORPeerAddress()
    \n xor_addr.family = socket.AF_INET
    \n xor_addr.port = local_port
    \n xor_addr.address = local_ip
    \n request.attributes.append(xor_addr)<\/p>\n

    # Send the Binding Request to the STUN server
    \n request.encode()
    \n sock.sendto(request.raw, (stun_server_ip, stun_server_port))<\/p>\n

    # Receive the Binding Response
    \n response, _ = sock.recvfrom(1024)
    \n response_message = Message.decode(response)<\/p>\n

    # Extract XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS attribute from the response
    \n xor_addr_response = response_message.attributes[0]
    \n mapped_address = xor_addr_response.address
    \n mapped_port = xor_addr_response.port<\/p>\n

    return (mapped_address, mapped_port)<\/p>\n

    # Example usage:
    \n# Assuming we have a STUN server at ***.***.*.***:3478
    \n# and we want to get our mapped address when behind a NAT
    \nstun_server_ip = '***.***.*.***'
    \nstun_server_port = 3478
    \nlocal_ip = '*.*.*.*' # Wildcard IP address
    \nlocal_port = 12345<\/p>\n

    mapped_address, mapped_port = send_binding_request(stun_server_ip, stun_server_port, local_ip, local_port)
    \nprint(f"Public IP: {mapped_address}, Public Port: {mapped_port}")<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aSTUN\u7684\u7ed1\u5b9a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u5230STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u516c\u7f51\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7528\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fc7\u7a0b，STUN\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406NAT\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u95ee\u9898，\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0e\u8fdc\u7aef\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdSTUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

    4. STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406 <\/h2>\n

    4.1 STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ed3\u6784 <\/h3>\n

    4.1.1 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u4ef6 <\/h4>\n

    STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\u548c\u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u3002\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3\u8d1f\u8d23\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684STUN\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u6d88\u606f\u5904\u7406\u5668\u8d1f\u8d23\u89e3\u6790\u8bf7\u6c42\u6d88\u606f，\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7c7b\u578b\u751f\u6210\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027，\u9632\u6b62\u672a\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u516c\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4fe1\u606f，\u8fd9\u662fNAT\u7a7f\u900f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6570\u636e\u3002 <\/p>\n

    4.1.2 \u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b <\/h4>\n

    \u5f53STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684STUN\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9996\u5148\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027，\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636eSTUN\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b57\u6bb5（\u5982Binding Request）\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ed1\u5b9a\u8bf7\u6c42，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5c06\u516c\u7f51IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d，\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8bf7\u6c42，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92，\u786e\u4fdd\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6709\u6743\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u3002 <\/p>\n

    4.2 STUN\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236 <\/h3>\n

    4.2.1 \u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027 <\/h4>\n

    \u5728NAT\u7a7f\u900f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u4fdd\u62a4\u901a\u4fe1\u4e0d\u88ab\u6076\u610f\u7528\u6237\u5229\u7528\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002STUN\u534f\u8bae\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528NAT\u7a7f\u900f\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6076\u610f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5360\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u516c\u7f51IP\u8d44\u6e90，\u4e5f\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027，\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u3002 <\/p>\n

    4.2.2 STUN\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b <\/h4>\n

    STUN\u534f\u8bae\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f，\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6709\u77ed\u65f6\u8ba4\u8bc1（Short Term Authentication）\u548c\u957f\u671f\u8ba4\u8bc1（Long Term Authentication）\u3002\u77ed\u65f6\u8ba4\u8bc1\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5bc6\u7801（OTP），\u800c\u957f\u671f\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u5bf9\u3002STUN\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u4fe1\u606f，\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u3001\u975e\u9884\u671f\u5730\u5740\u3001\u968f\u673a\u6570\u7b49\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

    STUN\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6d41\u7a0b\u793a\u4f8b <\/h4>\n

    sequenceDiagram
    \n participant C as \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef
    \n participant S as STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/p>\n

    C->>S: \u53d1\u9001\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8bf7\u6c42\u5305\u542b\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801
    \n Note right of S: \u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801
    \n alt \u8ba4\u8bc1\u6210\u529f
    \n S->>C: \u53d1\u9001\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6210\u529f\u6d88\u606f
    \n else \u8ba4\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25
    \n S->>C: \u53d1\u9001\u8ba4\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\u6d88\u606f
    \n end<\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u56fe\u5c55\u793a\u4e86STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u7684STUN\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u590d\u6742，\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u6b21\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92，\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002 <\/p>\n

    STUN\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b <\/h4>\n

    import hashlib
    \nfrom base64 import b64encode<\/p>\n

    def stun_auth(username, password, nonce, realm):
    \n # \u6839\u636enonce, realm, username, password\u8ba1\u7b97\u51faresponse
    \n username_password = username + ":" + realm + ":" + password
    \n ha1 = hashlib.md5(username_password.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
    \n response = hashlib.md5((ha1 + ":" + nonce + ":***").encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
    \n return b64encode(response.encode('utf-8')).decode('utf-8')<\/p>\n

    # \u793a\u4f8b\u4f7f\u7528
    \nusername = 'client_user'
    \npassword = 'client_pass'
    \nnonce = 'nonce_value'
    \nrealm = 'stun_server_realm'<\/p>\n

    # \u8ba4\u8bc1
    \nauth_response = stun_auth(username, password, nonce, realm)
    \nprint(f"Authentication response: {auth_response}")<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u9996\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a stun_auth \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8ba4\u8bc1\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u4f7f\u7528MD5\u7b97\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa ha1 ，\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e nonce \u503c\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u4ee5\u53ca\u524d\u9762\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684 ha1 \u6765\u751f\u6210\u6700\u7ec8\u7684 response \u3002\u8be5 response \u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7Base64\u7f16\u7801\u540e\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5c06\u6b64\u54cd\u5e94\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u5e76\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u5bf9，\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002 <\/p>\n

    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u5305\u542b\u5b9e\u9645\u7684STUN\u6d88\u606f\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91，\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea4\u4e92，\u4ec5\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，STUN\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u548c\u6d88\u606f\u683c\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

    5. ICE\u534f\u8bae\u4e0e\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u6982\u5ff5 <\/h2>\n

    5.1 ICE\u534f\u8bae\u6982\u8ff0 <\/h3>\n

    5.1.1 ICE\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406 <\/h4>\n

    ICE（Interactive Connectivity Establishment）\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8eNAT\u7a7f\u900f\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848，\u65e8\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684VoIP（Voice over IP）\u548c\u5b9e\u65f6\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u5b83\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u591a\u79cdNAT\u7a7f\u900f\u6280\u672f，\u5982STUN\u548cTURN（Traversal Using Relays around NAT），\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u4e24\u4e2a\u7aef\u70b9\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4e5f\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n

    ICE\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7aef\u70b9\u6536\u96c6\u591a\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3（\u5019\u9009\u5bf9），\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6392\u5e8f，\u968f\u540e\u901a\u8fc7STUN\u548cTURN\u534f\u8bae\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u7684\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u3002\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20，\u5305\u62ec\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u578b（\u79c1\u6709\u6216\u516c\u5171）\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u79cdNAT\u7c7b\u578b\u3002 <\/p>\n

    ICE\u534f\u8bae\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5：\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u7684\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u5728\u6536\u96c6\u9636\u6bb5，ICE\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u6536\u96c6\u5176\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9636\u6bb5，ICE\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6d4b\u8bd5，\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u8def\u5f84\u3002 <\/p>\n

    5.1.2 ICE\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u4ef6\u548c\u6d41\u7a0b <\/h4>\n

    ICE\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5305\u62ecICE\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef（ICE Agent）\u3001\u5019\u9009\u5bf9（Candidate Pair）\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u4ee4（Signaling）\u548c\u5a92\u4f53\u4f20\u8f93\u8def\u5f84（Media Path）\u3002 <\/p>\n

      \n
    • ICE\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef ：\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u7684\u662f\u547c\u53eb\u65b9\u6216\u88ab\u547c\u53eb\u65b9\u7684\u8bbe\u5907，\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u6536\u96c6\u5019\u9009\u5bf9，\u5e76\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7aef\u4ea4\u6362\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 <\/li>\n
    • \u5019\u9009\u5bf9 ：\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u5bf9，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u7531\u672c\u5730\u5019\u9009（Local Candidate）\u548c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5019\u9009（Remote Candidate）\u7ec4\u6210\u3002 <\/li>\n
    • \u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u4ee4 ：\u662f\u6307\u4ea4\u6362\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u673a\u5236，\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7SIP（Session Initiation Protocol）\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u4ee4\u534f\u8bae\u5b8c\u6210\u3002 <\/li>\n
    • \u5a92\u4f53\u4f20\u8f93\u8def\u5f84 ：\u662f\u6307\u4e24\u4e2aICE\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u4e8e\u4f20\u8f93\u5b9e\u65f6\u5a92\u4f53\u6d41\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8def\u5f84\u3002 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      ICE\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4： 1. \u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u6536\u96c6：ICE\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u96c6\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u3002 2. \u4fe1\u4ee4\u4ea4\u6362：ICE\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u4fe1\u4ee4\u4ea4\u6362\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 3. \u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u6d4b\u8bd5：ICE\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6240\u6709\u5019\u9009\u5bf9，\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u529f\u901a\u4fe1\u3002 4. \u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb：\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f73\u5019\u9009\u5bf9，\u5b8c\u6210\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5efa\u7acb，\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u4f20\u8f93\u5a92\u4f53\u6d41\u3002 <\/p>\n

      ICE\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u5065\u58ee\u6027，\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5，\u5c24\u5176\u9002\u5408\u4e8eP2P（Peer-to-Peer）\u901a\u4fe1\u573a\u666f\u3002 <\/p>\n

      5.2 \u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7 <\/h3>\n

      5.2.1 \u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49 <\/h4>\n

      \u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u662fICE\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u90fd\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210：\u672c\u5730\u5019\u9009\u548c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5019\u9009\u3002\u672c\u5730\u5019\u9009\u4ee3\u8868\u672c\u5730\u7aef\u70b9\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5730\u5740，\u800c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5019\u9009\u4ee3\u8868\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7aef\u70b9\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5728ICE\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d，\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ec4\u5408：\u672c\u5730\u5019\u9009\u548c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u5019\u9009\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u901a\u8fc7NAT，\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u80fd\u3002 <\/p>\n

      ICE\u534f\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5019\u9009\u5bf9，\u6bcf\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f： – \u4e3b\u673a\u5019\u9009（Host Candidate） ：\u6765\u81ea\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u63a5\u53e3\u3002 – \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53cd\u5c04\u5019\u9009（Server Reflexive Candidate） ：\u901a\u8fc7STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53cd\u5c04\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5730\u5740，\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8eNAT\u540e\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3002 – \u5bf9\u79f0\u5019\u9009（Symmetric Candidate） ：\u7531\u5bf9\u79f0\u578bNAT\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5730\u5740，\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7TURN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6765\u8f6c\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u3002 – \u4e2d\u7ee7\u5019\u9009（Relay Candidate） ：\u901a\u8fc7TURN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5730\u5740，\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8eNAT\u540e\u4e14\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7STUN\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002 <\/p>\n

      5.2.2 \u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5 <\/h4>\n

      \u5728ICE\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7，\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20，\u5982\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\u4ee5\u53ca\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u503c\u7b49\u3002 <\/p>\n

      \u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u5927\u81f4\u5982\u4e0b： <\/p>\n

      priority = (2^24 * type preference) + (2^8 * local preference) + (2^0 * component ID)<\/p>\n

      \u5176\u4e2d： – type preference ：\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u503c，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u8d8a\u9ad8，\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u8d8a\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u4f18\u5148\u9009\u62e9\u3002 – local preference ：\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u503c，\u7528\u4e8e\u533a\u5206\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0b\u591a\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002\u901a\u5e38，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u8d8a\u9ad8，\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u8d8a\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u4f18\u5148\u9009\u62e9\u3002 – component ID ：\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5a92\u4f53\u6d41（\u5982RTP）\u6765\u8bf4，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u901a\u5e38\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a1，\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f（\u5982RTCP）\u6765\u8bf4，\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a2\u3002 <\/p>\n

      \u4f8b\u5982，\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u5019\u9009\u53ef\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684 type preference \u503c，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4efb\u4f55\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1（\u5982STUN\u6216TURN\u670d\u52a1\u5668）\u5373\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u800c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5019\u9009\u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90（\u5982TURN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd），\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684 type preference \u503c\u3002 <\/p>\n

      ICE\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u7684\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8003\u8651\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7，\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u88ab\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u3002 <\/p>\n

      \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f18\u5316\u901a\u4fe1\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u7387\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u914d\u7f6e，\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u8def\u5f84\u9009\u62e9\u3002 <\/p>\n

      6. STUN\u548cICE\u5728\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528 <\/h2>\n

      6.1 \u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2dNAT\u7a7f\u8d8a\u7684\u6311\u6218 <\/h3>\n

      6.1.1 \u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7279\u6027 <\/h4>\n

      \u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u5e94\u7528\u5982VoIP\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u4f1a\u8bae\u4ee5\u53caWebRTC\u7b49\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u4f20\u8f93\u97f3\u9891\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7136\u800c，NAT\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6241\u5e73\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1，\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e24\u4e2a\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540cNAT\u540e\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u96be\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u7ed9\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898：\u5916\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u5185\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u7684\u79c1\u5bc6\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

      6.1.2 NAT\u7a7f\u8d8a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd <\/h4>\n

      NAT\u7a7f\u8d8a\u673a\u5236\u5141\u8bb8\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540cNAT\u8bbe\u5907\u540e\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u6765\u8bf4，\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u7a7f\u8d8aNAT，\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u957f\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c，\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u7ed9\u8fd0\u8425\u5e73\u53f0\u5e26\u6765\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u6210\u672c\u3002 <\/p>\n

      6.2 STUN\u548cICE\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u6848\u4f8b <\/h3>\n

      6.2.1 WebRTC\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528 <\/h4>\n

      WebRTC（Web Real-Time Communication）\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u652f\u6301\u7f51\u9875\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u65f6\u8bed\u97f3\u5bf9\u8bdd\u6216\u89c6\u9891\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684API\u3002WebRTC\u5229\u7528STUN\u548cICE\u534f\u8bae\u6765\u5b8c\u6210NAT\u7a7f\u900f\u548c\u7aef\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e3a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63d0\u4f9b\u516c\u7f51IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u6620\u5c04\u4fe1\u606f，\u800cICE\u534f\u8bae\u5219\u8d1f\u8d23\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u7684\u641c\u96c6\u3001\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u3002 <\/p>\n

      \u5728WebRTC\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9636\u6bb5，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f1a\u641c\u96c6\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5019\u9009\u5730\u5740（\u5305\u62ec\u672c\u5730\u5730\u5740\u3001\u53cd\u5c04\u5730\u5740\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53cd\u5c04\u5730\u5740）\u3002\u7136\u540e，\u5b83\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u5740\u901a\u8fc7STUN\u534f\u8bae\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9ICE\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002ICE\u6839\u636e\u5404\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20（\u5982\u5730\u5740\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7b49）\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f，\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8fde\u63a5，\u5176\u4ed6\u5019\u9009\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002 <\/p>\n

      6.2.2 \u5176\u4ed6\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5206\u6790 <\/h4>\n

      \u9664\u4e86WebRTC，\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u5e73\u53f0\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u4e5f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528STUN\u548cICE\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5728\u7ebf\u6e38\u620f\u3001\u8fdc\u7a0b\u684c\u9762\u534f\u8bae（\u5982RDP），\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f01\u4e1a\u901a\u4fe1\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u534f\u8bae\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 <\/p>\n

      \u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u901a\u4fe1\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d，STUN\u548cICE\u534f\u8bae\u88ab\u96c6\u6210\u5230VoIP\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u96c6\u6210\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540cNAT\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u652f\u6301，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u91cd\u8bd5\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u6545\u969c\u8f6c\u79fb\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u96c6\u6210\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u547c\u53eb\u4f53\u9a8c\u548c\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002 <\/p>\n

      \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aWebRTC\u4f7f\u7528STUN\u548cICE\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b： <\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u521b\u5efaRTCPeerConnection
      \nconst peerConnection = new RTCPeerConnection({
      \n iceServers: [{ urls: 'stun:***' }]
      \n});<\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u6dfb\u52a0\u672c\u5730\u5a92\u4f53\u6d41\u7684\u8f68\u9053
      \nconst localStreamTrack = …; \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u672c\u5730\u5a92\u4f53\u6d41\u7684\u8f68\u9053
      \npeerConnection.addTrack(localStreamTrack, localStream);<\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aoffer\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u8fdc\u7aef
      \npeerConnection.createOffer().then(offer => {
      \n return peerConnection.setLocalDescription(offer);
      \n}).then(() => {
      \n \/\/ \u5c06localDescription\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u8fdc\u7aef
      \n});<\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u76d1\u542c\u8fdc\u7aef\u7684answer\u548cICE\u5019\u9009
      \npeerConnection.ontrack = (event) => {
      \n \/\/ \u5f53\u6536\u5230\u8fdc\u7aef\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u6d41\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406
      \n};
      \npeerConnection.onicecandidate = (event) => {
      \n if (event.candidate) {
      \n \/\/ \u53d1\u9001\u8fdc\u7aef\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4fe1\u606f\u5230\u8fdc\u7aef
      \n }
      \n};<\/p>\n

      \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa RTCPeerConnection \u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e iceServers \u6765\u914d\u7f6eSTUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u8fd9\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728NAT\u540e\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u521b\u5efaOffer\u3001Answer\u4ee5\u53ca\u5904\u7406ICE\u5019\u9009，\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528STUN\u548cICE\u534f\u8bae\u3002 <\/p>\n

      \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6848\u4f8b，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230STUN\u548cICE\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3NAT\u7a7f\u8d8a\u7684\u95ee\u9898，\u4fdd\u969c\u4e86\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002 <\/p>\n

      \u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\u914d\u5957\u7684\u7cbe\u54c1\u8d44\u6e90，\u70b9\u51fb\u83b7\u53d6 \"menu-r.4af5f7ec.gif\"<\/p>\n

      \u7b80\u4ecb：STUN\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae，\u65e8\u5728\u89e3\u51b3NAT\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u95ee\u9898\u3002STUN\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u6620\u5c04\u68c0\u6d4b\u673a\u5236\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bbe\u5907\u53d1\u73b0\u516c\u7f51IP\u548c\u7aef\u53e3，\u4ece\u800c\u5efa\u7acb\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u3002STUN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u8bf7\u6c42，\u800cICE\u534f\u8bae\u5219\u5728STUN\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u6982\u5ff5，\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u7387\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5STUN\u534f\u8bae\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981，\u76f8\u5173\u5f00\u6e90\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5728\u7ebf\u5e73\u53f0\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5NAT\u7a7f\u8d8a\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/p>\n

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