{"id":23510,"date":"2025-04-19T07:57:12","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T23:57:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/23510.html"},"modified":"2025-04-19T07:57:12","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T23:57:12","slug":"kali%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e6%9d%83%e9%99%90%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/23510.html","title":{"rendered":"Kali\u7528\u6237&amp;\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:0px\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:0px\">\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px\">\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px\">\u7528\u6237UID<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px\">id-\u533a\u5206\u7528\u6237\u7c7b\u522b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px\">\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:80px\">\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237-useradd<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:80px\">\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237-usermod<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:80px\">\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237-userdel<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:80px\">\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801-passwd<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px\">\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px\">\u7528\u6237\u7ec4GID<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px\">\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u5206\u7c7b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px\">\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px\">\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:80px\">\u521b\u5efa\u7ec4-groupadd<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:80px\">\u4fee\u6539\u7ec4-groupmod<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:80px\">\u5220\u9664\u7ec4-groupdel<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:80px\">\u5173\u8054\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4-gpasswd<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:80px\">\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:80px\">\/etc\/shadow\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:80px\">\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u5173\u8054\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:80px\">\/etc\/group\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px\">\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:80px\">\u6743\u9650\u6982\u8ff0<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:80px\">\u6743\u9650\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:80px\">\u6743\u9650\u4f4d\u8bf4\u660e<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:80px\">\u5e38\u7528\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:120px\">chmod\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:120px\">chown\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e3b\u5c5e\u7ec4&#xff08;\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u7ba1\u7406\u5458&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:120px\">chgrp\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:120px\">umask\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;\u906e\u7f69\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:120px\">\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650-chmod<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:120px\">\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650-chown<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:120px\">\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650-usmask<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:80px\">\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868-ACL<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:80px\">ACL\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:120px\">setfacl&#xff1a;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684ACL\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:120px\">getfacl&#xff1a;\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684ACL\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:120px\">chacl&#xff1a;\u66f4\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684ACL\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px\">\u5176\u4ed6\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406(su\/sudo)<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left:80px\">\u547d\u4ee4-su<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4<\/h2>\n<h3>\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n<p>Linux\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 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decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418235708-6802e6d434522.png\" alt=\"be0cf3ed0b4e34f52e75d8f51e633d61.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d26\u53f7&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u7b49<\/p>\n<p>\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u6237&#xff0c;\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u610f\u4e49&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e2d\u6700<\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5c31\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8d26\u6237&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e3aroot&#xff08;\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u64cd\u4f5c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u5220\u9664\u66f4\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<h4>\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237-useradd<\/h4>\n<p>useradd\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8eLinux\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e10\u53f7\u5efa\u597d\u4e4b\u540e&#xff0c;\u518d\u7528passwd\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5e10\u53f7\u7684\u5bc6\u7801&#xff0c;\u4e4b\u540e\u4f7f\u7528userdel\u5220\u9664\u5e10\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528useradd\u6307\u4ee4\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5e10\u53f7&#xff0c;\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728&#034;\/etc\/passwd&#034;\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728RedHat\u7cfbLinux\u4e2d&#xff0c;adduser\u547d\u4ee4\u662fuseradd\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8fde\u63a5&#xff0c;\u4e24\u8005\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -c&#xff1a;\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5907\u6ce8\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u5907\u6ce8\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728passwd\u4e2d&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -d&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u767b\u5f55\u76ee\u5f55&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -g&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -r&#xff1a;\u5efa\u7acb\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e10\u53f7&#xff08;1-999&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -s&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\u7684Shell&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -u&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237id&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237-usermod<\/h4>\n<p>usermod\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>-c&#xff1a;\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5907\u6ce8\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u5907\u6ce8\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728passwd\u4e2d&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>-d&#xff1a;\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5165\u65f6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u53ea\u662f\u4fee\u6539\/etc\/passwd\u4e2d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55&#xff08;\u914d\u5408-m\u4f7f\u7528&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>-m&#xff1a;\u79fb\u52a8\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u72ec\u4f7f\u7528&#xff08;\u914d\u5408-d\u4f7f\u7528&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>-g&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>-G&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>-s&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\u7684Shell&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>-u&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237id&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>-l&#xff1a;\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7\u540d\u79f0&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>-L&#xff1a;\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u5bc6\u7801\u65e0\u6548&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>-U&#xff1a;\u89e3\u9664\u5bc6\u7801\u9501\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237-userdel<\/h4>\n<p>\uf0d8userdel\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5220\u9664\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u82e5\u4e0d\u52a0\u9009\u9879&#xff0c;\u5219<\/p>\n<p>\u4ec5\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u5e10\u53f7&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u5220\u9664\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uf0d8\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -f&#xff1a;\u5f3a\u5236\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237&#xff0c;\u5373\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u767b\u5f55&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -r&#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7684\u540c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5220\u9664\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801-passwd<\/h4>\n<p>passwd\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5219\u80fd\u7528\u5b83\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bc6\u7801&#xff0c;\u53ea\u6709\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u540d\u79f0&#xff0c;\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u53d8\u66f4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -d&#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u5bc6\u7801&#xff0c;\u4ec5\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -k&#xff1a;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u5931\u6548\u540e&#xff0c;\u65b9\u80fd\u66f4\u65b0&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -l&#xff1a;\u9501\u4f4f\u5bc6\u7801&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -S&#xff1a;\u5217\u51fa\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u4ec5\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -u&#xff1a;\u89e3\u5f00\u5df2\u4e0a\u9501\u7684\u5e10\u53f7&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -n&#xff1a;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u77ed\u5929\u6570&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -x&#xff1a;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u957f\u5929\u6570&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -w&#xff1a;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u5728\u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u524d\u591a\u5c11\u5929\u6536\u5230\u8b66\u544a\u4fe1\u606f&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -i&#xff1a;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u591a\u5c11\u5929\u540e\u7981\u7528\u8d26\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u7ec4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7279\u6027\u7528\u6237\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u96c6\u5408&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7279\u6027\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u7ec4&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u540c\u4e00\u7ec4\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab\u8be5\u7ec4\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6709\u7684id\u53f7&#xff08;gid&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>\u7528\u6237\u7ec4GID<\/h3>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u7ec4ID&#xff08;GroupID&#xff0c;\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3aGID&#xff09;\u548c\u7528\u6237UID\u7c7b\u4f3c&#xff0c;\u4f5c\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u6765\u6807\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u5728\u6dfb\u52a0\u8d26\u6237\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u540c\u540d\u4e14UID\u548cGID\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ec4&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 GID\u4e0eUID\u90fd\u4f1a\u5c060\u8d4b\u4e88\u7ed9\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u6216\u8005\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4&#xff08;\u4e5f\u5c31\u662froot\u7528\u6237\u7ec4&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u9884\u7559\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f83\u524d\u7684GID\u7ed9\u865a\u62df\u7528\u6237&#xff08;\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u5206\u7c7b<\/h3>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u5206\u7c7b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4&#xff1a;\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5165\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4&#xff1a;\u4e00\u822c\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u79c1\u6709\u7ec4&#xff1a;\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3a\u5176\u6307\u660e\u6240\u5c5e\u7528\u6237\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u5219\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u79c1\u6709\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u4e14\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u540d\u540c\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6210\u5458&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a&#xff1a;\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u5177\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6743\u9650&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u5bf9\u4e00&#xff1a;\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u5177\u6709\u548c\u7ec4\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6743\u9650&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u5bf9\u591a&#xff1a;\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3>\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/h3>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u591a&#xff0c;\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u7684\u628a\u63a7\u53d8\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u7e41\u91cd&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u4ea7\u751f\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd&#xff0c;\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u52a0\u5165&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u81f3\u5c11\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u4fbf\u5229\u4e86\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u64cd\u4f5c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u5220\u9664\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u8054\u7528\u6237\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>\u521b\u5efa\u7ec4-groupadd<\/h4>\n<p>groupadd\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u65b0\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5c06\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -g&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u65b0\u5efa\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u7684id&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -r&#xff1a;\u521b\u5efa\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u7684\u7ec4ID\u5c0f\u4e8e500&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -K&#xff1a;\u8986\u76d6\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u201c\/etc\/login.defs\u201d&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -o&#xff1a;\u5141\u8bb8\u6dfb\u52a0\u7ec4ID\u53f7\u4e0d\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>\u4fee\u6539\u7ec4-groupmod<\/h4>\n<p>groupmod\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u66f4\u6539\u7fa4\u7ec4\u8bc6\u522b\u7801\u6216\u8005\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -g&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u7fa4\u7ec4\u7684\u65b0id&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -o&#xff1a;\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u7fa4\u7ec4\u8bc6\u522b\u7801&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -n&#xff1a;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65b0\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>\u5220\u9664\u7ec4-groupdel<\/h4>\n<p>groupdel\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u672c\u547d\u4ee4\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u62ec\/ect\/group\u548c\/ect\/gshadow\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82e5\u8be5\u7fa4\u7ec4\u4e2d\u4ecd\u5305\u62ec\u67d0\u4e9b\u7528\u6237&#xff0c;\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5220\u9664\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u540e&#xff0c;\u65b9\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>\u5173\u8054\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4-gpasswd<\/h4>\n<p>gpasswd\u547d\u4ee4\u662fLinux\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/group\u548c\/etc\/gshadow\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022-a&#xff1a;\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237\u5230\u7ec4&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022-d&#xff1a;\u4ece\u7ec4\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022-A&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u7ba1\u7406\u5458&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022-M&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u548c-a\u7684\u7528\u9014\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022-r&#xff1a;\u5220\u9664\u5bc6\u7801&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Kali\u4e0b\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/passwd&#xff1a;\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u4fe1\u606f\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 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\u7531\u4e8e\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u5141\u8bb8\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u8bfb\u53d6&#xff0c;\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bc6\u7801\u6cc4\u9732&#xff0c;\u56e0\u6b64\u5c06\u5bc6\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\u4ece\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u6765&#xff0c;\u5355\u72ec\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\/etc\/shadow\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<p>\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7531\u4e03\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u6210&#xff0c;\u4e14\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u201c:\u201d\u9694\u5f00<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418235708-6802e6d44de76.png\" alt=\"6eb8f5470aea884f9bfa1c48b01b3e56.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Linux\u4e2d\u7684shell\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u9762\u5411\u7528\u6237\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u63a5\u53e3&#xff0c;\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u754c\u9762&#xff0c;Linux\u7684shell\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79cd&#xff1a;sh,csh,ksh,tcsh,bash\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418235708-6802e6d47ca85.png\" alt=\"7d552935aa9b35cfed61751a6fdad490.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>\/etc\/shadow\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<p>\/etc\/shadow\u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u6709\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237&#xff08;root\u7528\u6237&#xff09;\u5177\u6709\u8bfb\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u5747\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bc6\u7801\u5728\u7ecf\u7531\/etc\/shadow\u4fdd\u62a4\u540e&#xff0c;\u5728\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u53ea\u4f1a\u4ee5\u201cX\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u76f8\u4f3c&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237&#xff0c;\u4e14\u4ee5\u201c:\u201d\u9694\u5f00&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\/etc\/passwd\u4e2d\u6bcf\u884c\u8bb0\u5f55\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u4e5d\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418235708-6802e6d4c3b62.png\" alt=\"632d9317ea3884bb68389852c93d6c44.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418235709-6802e6d501771.png\" alt=\"cc78c80250059075c7ed5dee4594f460.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8&#xff1a;\/etc\/shadow\u7531pwconv\u547d\u4ee4\u6839\u636e\/etc\/passwd\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u81ea\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u5173\u8054\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<p>Kali\u4e0b\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/group&#xff1a;\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u5c06\u7528\u6237\u5206\u7ec4\u662f\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u53ca\u63a7\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4&#xff1b;\u4e00<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/gshadow&#xff1a;\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f\u52a0\u5bc6\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u52a0\u5bc6\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u5bc6\u7801\u5c31\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u6b64&#xff08;\u4e0e<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/shadow\u6587\u4ef6\u76f8\u4f3c&#xff09;&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u4e0e\/etc\/group\u6587\u4ef6\u4e92\u8865&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6765\u8bf4&#xff0c;\u62e5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u6b64\u65f6\u4f1a\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<p>\u548c\u7ec4\u6765\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6743\u9650\u6a21\u578b&#xff0c;\u6b64\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5e76\u7ba1\u7406\u5bc6\u7801\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>\/etc\/group\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<p>\/etc\/group\u6587\u4ef6\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7531\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u6210&#xff0c;\u4e14\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u201c:\u201d\u9694\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5root\u7528\u6237\u4e3a\u4f8b&#xff0c;\u6839\u636eroot\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\/etc\/group\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u76f8\u5173\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u610f\u4e49&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418235709-6802e6d547f47.png\" alt=\"f950ee14d5ebe000c2bb459b8ff87c0e.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418235709-6802e6d5676b7.png\" alt=\"3eecd4ab8238ccd2fdc069381f3edd37.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/gshadow\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\/etc\/gshadow\u6587\u4ef6\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7531\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u6210&#xff0c;\u4e14\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u201c:\u201d\u9694\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5root\u7528\u6237\u4e3a\u4f8b&#xff0c;\u6839\u636eroot\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\/etc\/group\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u76f8\u5173\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u610f\u4e49&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418235709-6802e6d5ab3fa.png\" alt=\"4dc6f619b6ec5af78c3c54a7835e6f8d.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418235709-6802e6d5cb31f.png\" alt=\"8ebfc186be7ffa991981b6cd7802974d.png\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n<h4>\u6743\u9650\u6982\u8ff0<\/h4>\n<p>\u6743\u9650\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6765\u9650\u5236\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236&#xff0c;\u6743\u9650\u4e00\u822c\u5206\u4e3a\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6240\u5904\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c3d\u76f8\u540c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u7b49\u7ea7&#xff0c;\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027&#xff0c;Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3001\u6240\u5c5e\u7528\u6237\u53ca\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ec4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>\u6743\u9650\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<p>\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7ls\u2013l\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6765&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5root\u7528\u6237\u6587\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\u4e3a\u5f15&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418235710-6802e6d61997f.png\" alt=\"7503e1e9d5e860ab98f91b1b5589b667.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>ls-l\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b&#xff0c;\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u6709\u4e03\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418235710-6802e6d64c0a7.png\" alt=\"93e23289610e3f91a3265d52ad36bc7c.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>\u6743\u9650\u4f4d\u8bf4\u660e<\/h4>\n<p>Linux\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4f4d\u662f\u75319\u4e2a\u6743\u9650\u4f4d\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7684&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u90fd\u662f[r]\u3001[w]\u3001[x]\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7ec4\u5408&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e2d[r]\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u8bfb\u6743\u9650&#xff08;read&#xff09;&#xff0c;[w]\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u5199\u6743\u9650&#xff08;write&#xff09;&#xff0c;[x]\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650&#xff08;execute&#xff09;&#xff0c;\u4e14\u4e09\u4e2a\u6743\u9650\u4f4d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u5219\u7528\u201c-\u201d\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418235710-6802e6d6895c7.png\" alt=\"a0eebc17a90f1bef46786247c0765e2c.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e3a&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -r&#xff1a;\u5141\u8bb8\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -w&#xff1a;\u5141\u8bb8\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -x&#xff1a;\u5141\u8bb8\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8fdb\u5165\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -&#xff1a;\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u6743\u9650&#xff08;\u663e\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728r\u3001w\u3001x\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5904\u663e\u793a\u4e3a-&#xff09;<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5usertxt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e3a\u4f8b&#xff1a;drwxr-xr-x.2rootroot4096Jun114:00<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418235710-6802e6d6a8d0c.png\" alt=\"31147eca61514e67b2258fa00d06531d.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>\u5e38\u7528\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<p>chmod\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Linux\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8c03\u7528\u6743\u9650\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7ea7&#xff1a;\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u7fa4\u7ec4\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7chmod\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u4f55\u4eba\u8c03\u7528&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u9650&#xff1a;\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>chown\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e3b\u5c5e\u7ec4&#xff08;\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u7ba1\u7406\u5458&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Linux\u505a\u4e3a\u591a\u7528\u6237\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u7cfb\u7edf&#xff0c;\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u6240\u6709\u8005&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7chown\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u6216\u7ec4&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 \u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u9650&#xff1a;\u7ba1\u7406\u5458&#xff08;root\u7528\u6237&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>chgrp\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u901a\u8fc7chgrp\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u7fa4\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u6539&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u9650&#xff1a;\u7ba1\u7406\u5458&#xff08;root\u7528\u6237&#xff09;\u3002<\/p>\n<p>umask\u547d\u4ee4&#xff1a;\u906e\u7f69\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u901a\u8fc7umask\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u6743\u9650\u63a9\u7801\u7684\u9884\u8bbe&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022\u4f7f\u7528\u6743\u9650&#xff1a;\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650-chmod<\/p>\n<p>chmod&#xff1a;\u7528\u6765\u53d8\u66f4\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -c&#xff1a;\u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u8f93\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -v&#xff1a;\u65e0\u8bba\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u66f4\u6539\u4e86\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u4e00\u5f8b\u8f93\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -R&#xff1a;\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u9012\u5f52\u6267\u884c\u66f4\u6539\u6743\u9650\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u7b26\u53f7\u89e3\u91ca&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418235710-6802e6d6d7f68.png\" alt=\"74fbccfadc02e9d04e795bd9a61a5b00.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650-chown<\/p>\n<p>chown\u547d\u4ee4\u6539\u53d8\u67d0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6388\u6743&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u53d8\u6210\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6216\u8005\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -c&#xff1a;\u5f53\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u8f93\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -v&#xff1a;\u65e0\u8bba\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u66f4\u6539\u4e86\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u4e00\u5f8b\u8f93\u51fa\u64cd\u4f5c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -R&#xff1a;\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u9012\u5f52\u6267\u884c\u66f4\u6539\u6743\u9650\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 -h&#xff1a;\u53ea\u5bf9\u7b26\u53f7\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4f5c\u4fee\u6539&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u66f4\u6539\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650-usmask<\/p>\n<p>umask\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6240\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6743\u9650&#xff0c;\u75313\u4e2a\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u6240\u7ec4\u6210&#xff0c;\u5c06\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\u6743\u9650\u51cf\u6389\u6743\u9650\u63a9\u7801\u540e&#xff0c;\u5373\u53ef\u4ea7\u751f\u5efa\u7acb\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<p>umask\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6237\u968f\u4fbf\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u90fd\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684&#xff0c;\u65b9\u4fbf\u7edf\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022-p&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u540d\u79f0<\/p>\n<p>\u2022-S&#xff1a;\u6587\u5b57\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u6743\u9650\u63a9\u7801<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u5e38\u89c1umask\u503c\u53ca\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418235711-6802e6d70c5d2.png\" alt=\"994c31d64cd685062d7848b2ed62ba45.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868-ACL<\/h4>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u6743\u9650\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u547d\u4ee4chmod\u3001chown\u3001chgrp\u53caumask\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539&#xff0c;\u90a3\u4e48\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd8\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868ACL(AccessControlList)&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u2022  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