{"id":22682,"date":"2025-04-19T06:16:17","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T22:16:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/22682.html"},"modified":"2025-04-19T06:16:17","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T22:16:17","slug":"python-%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%ef%bc%9a%e6%89%8b%e6%8a%8a%e6%89%8b%e6%95%99%e4%bd%a0%e6%89%93%e9%80%a0%e9%ab%98%e6%95%88-http-%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%ef%bc%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/22682.html","title":{"rendered":"Python \u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u5b9e\u6218\uff1a\u624b\u628a\u624b\u6559\u4f60\u6253\u9020\u9ad8\u6548 HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff01"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/h2>\n

\u968f\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u548c\u53d1\u5c55，\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005，\u638c\u63e1\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002Python \u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00，\u5b83\u62e5\u6709\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684\u5e93，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5feb\u901f\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u6848\u4f8b，\u624b\u628a\u624b\u6559\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528 Python \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684 HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b，\u4f60\u5c06\u638c\u63e1 Python \u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5e93\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u4f18\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u73af\u5883\u51c6\u5907<\/h3>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230 Python \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684 socket \u548c http.server \u6a21\u5757\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u540c\u65f6，\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1，\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u7528\u5230 threading \u6a21\u5757\u6765\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5 Python \u73af\u5883（\u5efa\u8bae\u7248\u672c 3.x）\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n

HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u54cd\u5e94\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u5177（\u5982 curl\u3001Postman）\u53d1\u9001 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e，\u8fd4\u56de\u76f8\u5e94\u7684 HTTP \u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u5c55\u793a\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

HTTP \u534f\u8bae\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

  • \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668（\u4f8b\u5982，GET \u8bf7\u6c42，\u5305\u542b\u8bbf\u95ee\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f）\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u89e3\u6790\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91（\u5982\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91）\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef，\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u4e09\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u672c\u7684 HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h3>\n

    1. \u4f7f\u7528 http.server \u521b\u5efa\u7b80\u5355\u7684 HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h4>\n

    Python \u81ea\u5e26\u7684 http.server \u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u901a\u8fc7 http.server \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u7684 HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u793a\u4f8b：\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840 HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h5>\n

    import http.server
    \nimport socketserver<\/p>\n

    PORT = 8080<\/p>\n

    Handler = http.server.SimpleHTTPRequestHandler<\/p>\n

    with socketserver.TCPServer(("", PORT), Handler) as httpd:
    \n print(f"Serving HTTP on port {PORT}")
    \n httpd.serve_forever()<\/p>\n

    2. \u8fd0\u884c\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h4>\n

    \u4fdd\u5b58\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c，\u4f60\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u5982\u4e0b\u8f93\u51fa：<\/p>\n

    Serving HTTP on port 8080<\/p>\n

    \u73b0\u5728，\u4f60\u7684 HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u542f\u52a8\u5e76\u5728 localhost:8080 \u4e0a\u76d1\u542c\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee http:\/\/localhost:8080 \u6765\u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u7684 HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u54cd\u5e94\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42，\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5，\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883，\u663e\u7136\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u56db\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5e76\u53d1 HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h3>\n

    \u8981\u8ba9 HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8ba9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u53d1\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u5f02\u6b65\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7 threading \u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60，\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

    1. \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684 HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h4>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528 threading \u6a21\u5757\u6765\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b，\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u793a\u4f8b：\u57fa\u4e8e socket \u548c threading \u521b\u5efa HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h5>\n

    import socket
    \nimport threading<\/p>\n

    def handle_request(client_socket):
    \n # \u63a5\u6536\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e
    \n request = client_socket.recv(1024)
    \n print(f"Request received:\\\\n{request.decode('utf-8')}")<\/p>\n

    # \u6784\u9020 HTTP \u54cd\u5e94
    \n http_response = """HTTP\/1.1 200 OK\\\\r\\\\nContent-Type: text\/html\\\\r\\\\n\\\\r\\\\n
    \n <html><body><h1>Hello, World!<\/h1><\/body><\/html>"""<\/p>\n

    # \u53d1\u9001\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef
    \n client_socket.sendall(http_response.encode('utf-8'))
    \n # \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5
    \n client_socket.close()<\/p>\n

    def start_server():
    \n # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3
    \n server_address = ('', 8080)
    \n server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    \n server_socket.bind(server_address)
    \n server_socket.listen(5)<\/p>\n

    print("Server started on port 8080…")<\/p>\n

    while True:
    \n # \u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5
    \n client_socket, client_address = server_socket.accept()
    \n print(f"Connection from {client_address}")<\/p>\n

    # \u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u5904\u7406
    \n client_thread = threading.Thread(target=handle_request, args=(client_socket,))
    \n client_thread.start()<\/p>\n

    if __name__ == "__main__":
    \n start_server()<\/p>\n

    2. \u8fd0\u884c\u5e76\u6d4b\u8bd5\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h4>\n

    \u5f53\u4f60\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6，HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u76d1\u542c 8080 \u7aef\u53e3，\u5e76\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee http:\/\/localhost:8080，\u770b\u5230\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u663e\u793a "Hello, World!"，\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u63a5\u53d7\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528 threading，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42，\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u7684 Web \u670d\u52a1\u6765\u8bf4\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e94\u3001\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f18\u5316：\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd<\/h3>\n

    \u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42，\u4f46\u6bcf\u6b21\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6210\u672c\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90，\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u7ebf\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002Python \u7684 concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

    1. \u4f7f\u7528 ThreadPoolExecutor \u4f18\u5316 HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h4>\n

    \u793a\u4f8b：\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h5>\n

    import socket
    \nimport threading
    \nfrom concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor<\/p>\n

    def handle_request(client_socket):
    \n # \u63a5\u6536\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e
    \n request = client_socket.recv(1024)
    \n print(f"Request received:\\\\n{request.decode('utf-8')}")<\/p>\n

    # \u6784\u9020 HTTP \u54cd\u5e94
    \n http_response = """HTTP\/1.1 200 OK\\\\r\\\\nContent-Type: text\/html\\\\r\\\\n\\\\r\\\\n
    \n <html><body><h1>Hello, World!<\/h1><\/body><\/html>"""<\/p>\n

    # \u53d1\u9001\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef
    \n client_socket.sendall(http_response.encode('utf-8'))
    \n # \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5
    \n client_socket.close()<\/p>\n

    def start_server():
    \n # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3
    \n server_address = ('', 8080)
    \n server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    \n server_socket.bind(server_address)
    \n server_socket.listen(5)<\/p>\n

    print("Server started on port 8080…")<\/p>\n

    # \u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406
    \n with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as executor:
    \n while True:
    \n # \u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fde\u63a5
    \n client_socket, client_address = server_socket.accept()
    \n print(f"Connection from {client_address}")<\/p>\n

    # \u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42
    \n executor.submit(handle_request, client_socket)<\/p>\n

    if __name__ == "__main__":
    \n start_server()<\/p>\n

    2. \u4f18\u5316\u89e3\u91ca<\/h4>\n

    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 ThreadPoolExecutor \u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002max_workers=5 \u8868\u793a\u6700\u591a\u540c\u65f6\u6709 5 \u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42，\u8d85\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c06\u88ab\u7b49\u5f85\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u6bcf\u6b21\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5f00\u9500，\u8fd8\u80fd\u9632\u6b62\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fc7\u591a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n

    3. \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6027\u80fd<\/h4>\n

    \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177（\u5982 Apache Benchmark \u6216 siege）\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684 HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0，\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u540e，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u66f4\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6548，\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u66f4\u52a0\u5e73\u7a33\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n

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