\u542f\u7528 Basic \u8ba4\u8bc1（\u57fa\u672c\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1）\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u914d\u7f6e Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f，\u8ba9\u5176\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u542f\u7528 Basic \u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n
Apache \u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684 Web \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u4e00，\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u914d\u7f6e Basic \u8ba4\u8bc1 \u7684\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148，\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u7801\u6587\u4ef6，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 htpasswd \u5de5\u5177\u6765\u751f\u6210\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u751f\u6210\u5bc6\u7801\u6587\u4ef6：<\/p>\n
htpasswd -c \/path\/to\/.htpasswd username <\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a .htpasswd \u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u63d0\u793a\u4f60\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728（\u5373\u9996\u6b21\u672a\u521b\u5efa），\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 -c \u9009\u9879，\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528：<\/p>\n
htpasswd \/path\/to\/.htpasswd username <\/p>\n
username \u662f\u4f60\u60f3\u4e3a\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u7136\u540e，\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5728 Apache \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6（\u5982 .htaccess \u6216 httpd.conf）\u4e2d\u542f\u7528 Basic \u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d，\u521b\u5efa .htaccess \u6587\u4ef6（\u5982\u679c\u5c1a\u672a\u521b\u5efa），\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9：<\/p>\n
AuthType Basic AuthName "Restricted Area" AuthUserFile \/path\/to\/.htpasswd Require valid-user <\/p>\n
\u4fdd\u5b58 .htaccess \u6587\u4ef6\u540e，\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d Apache \u914d\u7f6e，\u4f7f\u66f4\u6539\u751f\u6548：<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl reload apache2 <\/p>\n
Nginx \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e Basic \u8ba4\u8bc1，\u4f46\u5176\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7a0d\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148，\u4f7f\u7528 htpasswd \u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u5bc6\u7801\u6587\u4ef6（\u540c Apache \u4e2d\u4e00\u6837）\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u88c5 htpasswd \u5de5\u5177，\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5 apache2-utils \u5305\u3002<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install apache2-utils
\nhtpasswd -c \/etc\/nginx\/.htpasswd username<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765，\u7f16\u8f91 Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6（\u4f8b\u5982 \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/default \u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4f60\u7279\u5b9a\u7ad9\u70b9\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6）\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u542f\u7528\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684 server \u6216 location \u5757\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9：<\/p>\n
location \/protected\/ {
\n auth_basic "Restricted Area";
\n auth_basic_user_file \/etc\/nginx\/.htpasswd;
\n}<\/p>\n
\u4fee\u6539\u5b8c\u914d\u7f6e\u540e，\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d Nginx \u914d\u7f6e：<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl reload nginx <\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528 Node.js \u5f00\u53d1\u5e94\u7528，\u4e14\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u8def\u7531\u4e2d\u542f\u7528 Basic \u8ba4\u8bc1，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5 express \u548c basic-auth \u6a21\u5757：<\/p>\n
npm install express basic-auth <\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f60\u7684 Node.js \u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0 Basic \u8ba4\u8bc1\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6：<\/p>\n
const express = require('express');
\nconst basicAuth = require('basic-auth');
\nconst app = express();<\/p>\n
\/\/ Basic Authentication \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6
\napp.use((req, res, next) => {
\n const user = basicAuth(req);
\n if (!user || user.name !== 'username' || user.pass !== 'password') {
\n res.setHeader('WWW-Authenticate', 'Basic realm="Restricted"');
\n return res.status(401).send('Authentication required');
\n }
\n next();
\n});<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u8def\u7531
\napp.get('\/protected', (req, res) => {
\n res.send('This is a protected area.');
\n});<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u5668
\napp.listen(3000, () => {
\n console.log('Server running on port 3000');
\n});<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，username \u548c password \u662f\u4f60\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728 .NET Core \u4e2d，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u5b9e\u73b0 Basic \u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148，\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684 Basic \u8ba4\u8bc1\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6：<\/p>\n
public class BasicAuthenticationMiddleware
\n{
\n private readonly RequestDelegate _next;<\/p>\n
public BasicAuthenticationMiddleware(RequestDelegate next)
\n {
\n _next = next;
\n }<\/p>\n
public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext httpContext)
\n {
\n var header = httpContext.Request.Headers["Authorization"].ToString();<\/p>\n
if (header != null && header.StartsWith("Basic "))
\n {
\n var encodedCredentials = header.Substring(6);
\n var decodedCredentials = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Convert.FromBase64String(encodedCredentials));
\n var credentials = decodedCredentials.Split(':');<\/p>\n
var username = credentials[0];
\n var password = credentials[1];<\/p>\n
if (username == "user" && password == "password") \/\/ \u7528\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801
\n {
\n await _next(httpContext);
\n return;
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
httpContext.Response.Headers["WWW-Authenticate"] = "Basic realm=\\\\"MyApp\\\\"";
\n httpContext.Response.StatusCode = 401;
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u5728 Configure \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684 Basic \u8ba4\u8bc1\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6：<\/p>\n
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
\n{
\n app.UseMiddleware<BasicAuthenticationMiddleware>();
\n app.UseRouting();
\n app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
\n {
\n endpoints.MapControllers();
\n });
\n}<\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6216 HTTP \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef（\u5982 Postman \u6216 curl）\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5 Basic \u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n
curl -u username:password http:\/\/example.com\/protected<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4，\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u542f\u7528 Basic \u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb1k\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e28\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf19\u6b21\u3002Apache\u548cNginx\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002Node.js\u548c.NET Core\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0 Basic \u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u542f\u7528 Basic \u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002_etcd\u672a\u6388\u6743\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1686,120,87],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-21965","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-etcd","tag-kubernetes","tag-87"],"yoast_head":"\n