{"id":20824,"date":"2025-04-19T03:46:43","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T19:46:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/20824.html"},"modified":"2025-04-19T03:46:43","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T19:46:43","slug":"sni%ef%bc%88server-name-indication%ef%bc%8c%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e5%90%8d%e7%a7%b0%e6%8c%87%e7%a4%ba%ef%bc%89%e6%98%aftls-ssl%e6%8f%a1%e6%89%8b%e8%bf%87%e7%a8%8b%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/20824.html","title":{"rendered":"SNI\uff08Server Name Indication\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u793a\uff09\u662fTLS\/SSL\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u544a\u77e5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b83\u60f3\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002"},"content":{"rendered":"

SNI（Server Name Indication，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u793a）\u662fTLS\/SSL\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6269\u5c55，\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u544a\u77e5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b83\u60f3\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5355\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u4e0a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u6258\u7ba1\u591a\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u7f51\u7ad9（\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u57df\u540d\u548c\u8bc1\u4e66），\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

### SNI \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6ca1\u6709SNI\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，TLS\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

1. \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u8d77TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 2. \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94\u5e76\u5f00\u59cbTLS\u63e1\u624b\u3002 3. \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u5176\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684SSL\/TLS\u8bc1\u4e66\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002 4. \u5982\u679c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u4e0e\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u57df\u540d\u4e0d\u5339\u914d，\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8b66\u544a\u6216\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f15\u5165SNI\u540e，\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53d8\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

1. \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u8d77TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u3002 2. \u5728TLS ClientHello\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2aSNI\u6269\u5c55，\u6307\u660e\u5b83\u60f3\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002 3. \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6839\u636eSNI\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u5e94\u7684SSL\/TLS\u8bc1\u4e66，\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002 4. \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bc1\u4e66，\u5982\u679c\u5339\u914d\u5219\u7ee7\u7eed\u5efa\u7acb\u52a0\u5bc6\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n

### SNI \u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/p>\n

– **\u591a\u57df\u540d\u652f\u6301**：SNI\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u540c\u4e00IP\u5730\u5740\u4e0a\u6258\u7ba1\u591a\u4e2aHTTPS\u7ad9\u70b9，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5171\u4eab\u4e3b\u673a\u73af\u5883\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u7528，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u5206\u914d\u72ec\u7acbIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002 \u00a0\u00a0 – **\u6210\u672c\u6548\u76ca**：\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u5206\u914d\u5355\u72ec\u7684IP\u5730\u5740，\u4f7f\u7528SNI\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u8fd0\u8425\u6210\u672c，\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728IPv4\u5730\u5740\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

– **\u7b80\u5316\u7ba1\u7406**：\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u66f4\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u591a\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66，\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

### SNI \u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/p>\n

– **\u65e7\u7248\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0d\u652f\u6301**：\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f83\u8001\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u652f\u6301SNI，\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u8bbf\u95ee\u4f7f\u7528SNI\u7684HTTPS\u7ad9\u70b9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，Windows XP \u548c Internet Explorer 6 \u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7248\u672c\u90fd\u4e0d\u652f\u6301SNI\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7，\u968f\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8001\u65e7\u5e73\u53f0\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6b63\u5728\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n

– **\u9690\u79c1\u95ee\u9898**：\u867d\u7136SNI\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206，\u4f46\u5728TLS\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5，SNI\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f\u4ee5\u660e\u6587\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f20\u8f93\u7684，\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4efb\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u76d1\u89c6\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7528\u6237\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898，IETF \u6b63\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u79cd\u79f0\u4e3a Encrypted SNI (ESNI) \u7684\u65b0\u6807\u51c6，\u5b83\u4f1a\u5bf9SNI\u5b57\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

### \u5b9e\u73b0SNI<\/p>\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u73b0\u4ee3Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8f6f\u4ef6（\u5982Apache\u3001Nginx\u3001IIS\u7b49）\u90fd\u652f\u6301SNI\u3002\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u542f\u7528SNI，\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd：<\/p>\n

– \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u662f\u652f\u6301SNI\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548cWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u3002 – \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6b63\u786e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57df\u540d\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002 – \u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u517c\u5bb9SNI\u7684SSL\/TLS\u5e93（\u5982OpenSSL 0.9.8f\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7248\u672c）\u3002<\/p>\n

### \u793a\u4f8b\u914d\u7f6e（Nginx）<\/p>\n

```nginx server { \u00a0 \u00a0 listen 443 ssl; \u00a0 \u00a0 server_name example.com;<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 ssl_certificate \/path\/to\/example_com.crt; \u00a0 \u00a0 ssl_certificate_key \/path\/to\/example_com.key;<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 # \u5176\u4ed6\u914d\u7f6e… }<\/p>\n

server { \u00a0 \u00a0 listen 443 ssl; \u00a0 \u00a0 server_name another-example.com;<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 ssl_certificate \/path\/to\/another_example_com.crt; \u00a0 \u00a0 ssl_certificate_key \/path\/to\/another_example_com.key;<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 # \u5176\u4ed6\u914d\u7f6e… } ```<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d，Nginx \u6839\u636e `server_name` \u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e2a\u8bc1\u4e66\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f20\u5165\u7684HTTPS\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u8fc7SNI\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee `example.com` \u6216 `another-example.com` \u65f6，Nginx \u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u8fdb\u884cTLS\u63e1\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n

### \u7ed3\u8bba<\/p>\n

SNI \u662f\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u7684TLS\u6269\u5c55，\u5b83\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6258\u7ba1\u591a\u4e2aHTTPS\u7ad9\u70b9\u7684\u80fd\u529b，\u540c\u65f6\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u8fd0\u8425\u6210\u672c\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\u6027，\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u65e7\u7248\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u6dd8\u6c70，SNI \u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u5355\u4e00IP\u5730\u5740\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u591a\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u7ad9\u70b9\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6765\u8bf4，\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6eSNI\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb841\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e5\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf11\u6b21\u3002**\u9690\u79c1\u95ee\u9898**\uff1a\u867d\u7136SNI\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u52a0\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u5728TLS\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0cSNI\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f\u4ee5\u660e\u6587\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4efb\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u76d1\u89c6\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7528\u6237\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002- **\u65e7\u7248\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0d\u652f\u6301**\uff1a\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f83\u8001\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u652f\u6301SNI\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u8bbf\u95ee\u4f7f\u7528SNI\u7684HTTPS\u7ad9\u70b9\u3002- **\u6210\u672c\u6548\u76ca**\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u5206\u914d\u5355\u72ec\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528SNI\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u8fd0\u8425\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728IPv4\u5730\u5740\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002- \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u662f\u652f\u6301SNI\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548cWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7248\u672c\u3002_sni<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[191],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-20824","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-191"],"yoast_head":"\nSNI\uff08Server Name Indication\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u540d\u79f0\u6307\u793a\uff09\u662fTLS\/SSL\u63e1\u624b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u544a\u77e5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b83\u60f3\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3002 - 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