{"id":19793,"date":"2025-04-19T02:22:28","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T18:22:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/19793.html"},"modified":"2025-04-19T02:22:28","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T18:22:28","slug":"%e3%80%90linux%e3%80%91%e8%a7%a3%e9%94%81%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b%e5%9c%b0%e5%9d%80%e7%a9%ba%e9%97%b4%e5%a5%a5%e7%a7%98%ef%bc%8c%e9%ab%98%e6%95%88%e7%8e%af%e5%a2%83%e5%8f%98%e9%87%8f%e7%9a%84%e5%ae%9e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/19793.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010Linux\u3011\u89e3\u9501\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5965\u79d8\uff0c\u9ad8\u6548\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5b9e\u6218\u6280\u5de7"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<h4>\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>1. \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>1.1. \u6982\u5ff5<\/li>\n<li>1.2. \u5e38\u89c1\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n<li>1.3. \u548c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>2. \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>2.1. int argc\u3001char* argv[]<\/li>\n<li>2.2. char* env[]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>3. \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7279\u6027<\/li>\n<li>4. \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u83b7\u53d6<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>4.1. \u4ee3\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f<\/li>\n<li>4.2. \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>5. \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>6. \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/li>\n<li>7. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>7.1. \u6982\u5ff5<\/li>\n<li>7.2. \u533a\u57df\u5212\u5206<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>8. \u9875\u8868<\/li>\n<li>\n<ul>\n<li>8.1. \u6982\u5ff5<\/li>\n<li>8.2. new\u3001malloc\u539f\u7406<\/li>\n<li>8.3. \u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u539f\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>9. \u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u9875\u8868\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u539f\u56e0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>1. \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h2>\n<h3>1.1. \u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n<p>\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf&#xff1a;\u662f\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u6709\u5b83\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u9014&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u89c1&#xff0c;\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u3002<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u5f00\u8f9f\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u8fd9\u5757\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u8005bash\u90fd\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7malloc\u3001new\u7b49\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u52a8\u6001\u5f00\u8f9f\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u8005\u7528\u6237\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u8005bash\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u5f00\u8f9f\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u5e76\u7ed9\u8fd9\u5757\u7a7a\u95f4\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u96c6\u5408&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<h3>1.2. \u5e38\u89c1\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001PATH<\/p>\n<p>PATH&#xff1a;\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>PATH\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u76ee\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c&#xff0c;\u65e0\u9700\u6307\u5b9a\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>PATH\u7ed3\u6784&#xff1a;\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u7ec4\u6210&#xff0c;\u8def\u5f84\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5\u5192\u53f7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26&#xff0c;\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u90fd\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418182223-6802985f71bc5.png\" alt=\"99H&#096;K82D6HPU$PT45}ICL.png \" \/><\/p>\n<li>\u56e0\u4e3a\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u627e\u5230\u5b83&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6&#xff0c;OS\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;\u68c0\u67e5\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u5426\u4e3aShell\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4(cd\u3001alias\u7b49)&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u662f&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c \u2014&gt; \u68c0\u67e5PATH\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u6839\u636ePATH\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u987a\u5e8f\u9010\u4e2a\u67e5\u627e \u2014&gt; \u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230&#xff0c;\u5c31\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c&#xff1b;\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u627e\u5230&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519 (commad not found)\u3002<\/li>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418182223-6802985f8fd5d.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>PATH&#061;\u8def\u5f84:$PATH<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u5c06\u65b0\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230PATH\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6709\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u88ab\u8986\u76d6($PATH\u529f\u80fd)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418182223-6802985fb5fa6.png\" alt=\"W($)AZTYSNP1&#096;WTY4&#064;SS9IN.png \" \/>\u4e8c\u3001USER<\/p>\n<p>USER&#xff1a;\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u9646\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418182223-6802985ff0143.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>whoami&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u9646\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d&#xff1b;\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u53d6USER\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e09\u3001PWD<\/p>\n<p>PWD&#xff1a;\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418182224-68029860178e6.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/> \u56db\u3001HOME<\/p>\n<p>HOME&#xff1a;\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5373&#xff1a;\u7528\u6237\u767b\u9646Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6240\u5904\u7684\u8def\u5f84(\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418182224-6802986032c6c.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>1.3. \u548c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>echo $\u672c\u5730\/\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u67d0\u4e2a\u672c\u5730\/\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>export \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u540d&#061;\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>env<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>unset \u672c\u5730\/\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u6e05\u695a\u67d0\u4e2a\u672c\u5730\/\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>set<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u663e\u793a\u672c\u5730\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>2. \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570<\/h2>\n<li>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570&#xff1a;\u5728\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u8005\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u989d\u5916\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u6307\u5b9a\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b&#xff1a;\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u5b83\u662f\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u5982&#xff1a;cat file1 file2&#xff0c;file1\u3001file2\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570&#xff1b;\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3a\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u5b83\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a&#xff0c;\u5982&#xff1a;ls -l -a&#xff0c;-l\u3001-a\u4e3a\u9009\u9879\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<h3>2.1. int argc\u3001char* argv[]<\/h3>\n<p>int main(int argc&#xff0c;char* argv[])<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>int argc&#xff1a;\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u8868\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6570\u91cf(\u5305\u62ec\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540d\u672c\u8eab)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>char* argv&#xff1a;\u5b57\u7b26\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002argv[0]\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u672c\u8eab\u540d\u79f0\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570(argv[0])&#xff0c;\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206&#xff1b;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9009\u9879\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206(argv[1]. . .)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p>\u95ee&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54&#xff1a;\u9009\u9879\u4f5c\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u6307\u4ee4(\u7a0b\u5e8f)\u7684main\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684argc\u3001argv\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8ba9\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5373&#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9009\u9879&#xff0c;\u8ba9\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u5185\u90e8\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418182224-680298605955d.png\" alt=\"N%LKVQ~MZQUZE8ZFB%(B2CJ.png\" \/>&#x1f4a1;Tips&#xff1a;\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570&#xff0c;\u662fLinux\u6307\u4ee4\u9009\u9879\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2.2. char* env[]<\/h3>\n<li>\n<p>bash\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e24\u5f20\u8868&#xff0c;\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u548c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684main\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u901a\u8fc7argc\u3001argv\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9main\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u6839\u636e\u9009\u9879\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd&#xff1b; \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u8fc7environ\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9main\u51fd\u6570&#xff0c;\u6839\u636e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u83b7\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5c5e\u6027&#xff0c;\u4f9b\u6211\u4eec\u540e\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> argc<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> env<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> i <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> i<span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#043;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034; argv[%d] : %s\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> i <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> env<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> i<span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#043;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034; env[%d] : %s\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> env<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>     <\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418182224-68029860a1b1d.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418182224-68029860c5a4d.png\" alt=\"image.png\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>3. \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7279\u6027<\/h2>\n<li>\n<p>\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88ab\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ee7\u627f&#xff0c;\u5373&#xff1a;\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5177\u6709\u5168\u5c40\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u83b7\u53d6\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7ee7\u627f&#xff1a;\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7fork()\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u4ee5\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u677f&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4(\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf)&#xff0c;\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40\u4e0e\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012&#xff1a;\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540e&#xff0c;\u5f53\u5f53\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7exec*( )\u7cfb\u5217\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u65b0\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6&#xff0c;\u65b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684main\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570argv\u3001env&#xff0c;argv\u662f\u6307\u5411\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u3001envs\u662f\u6307\u5411\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<li>\u672c\u5730\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u662f\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ee7\u627f&#xff0c;\u53ea\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u6709\u6548(\u5373: \u53ea\u5728bash\u5185\u90e8\u6709\u6548)\u3002<\/li>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418182225-68029861479b9.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/> env\u4e0d\u80fd\u663e\u793a\u672c\u5730\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9&#xff0c;\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7set\u3001echo\u624d\u80fd\u67e5\u770b\u672c\u5730\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u6709\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54&#xff1a;\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u3002\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u524d\u77e5\u9053\u7528\u6237\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u524d\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u5236\u597d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f&#xff0c;\u65b9\u4fbf\u6211\u4eec\u968f\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>4. \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u83b7\u53d6<\/h2>\n<h3>4.1. \u4ee3\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570(env)\u83b7\u53d6 \u2014 \u4e0d\u5e38\u7528<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> argc<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>env<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n     <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> i <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n     <span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> env<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> i<span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#043;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n         <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;%s\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> env<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>     <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u53d8\u91cfenviron\u83b7\u53d6 \u2014 \u4e0d\u5e38\u7528<\/p>\n<li>libc\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cfchar** environ&#xff0c;\u6307\u5411\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868&#xff0c;\u800cenviron\u53d8\u91cf\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5305\u542b\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8981\u7528extern\u8fdb\u884c\u5916\u90e8\u58f0\u660e(\u624b\u52a8\u58f0\u660e\u5b83\u4e3a\u5916\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf)\u3002<\/li>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span> <\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">extern<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> environ<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> i <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> environ<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> i<span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#043;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;%s\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> environ<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>4.2. \u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001getenv \u2014 \u5e38\u7528<\/p>\n<p>char* getenv(const char* name) ;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u529f\u80fd&#xff1a;\u83b7\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418182225-6802986166a16.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;string.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> username <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">getenv<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;USER&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/getenv\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1                                                                                  <\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token function\">strcmp<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>username<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;zzx&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">||<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">strcmp<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>username<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;love&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;This is my core function\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>5. \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n<p>\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6&#xff1a;.bash_profile\u3002<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4eec\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5373&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u96c6\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e0e\u521b\u5efa\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b(bash)\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u76f8\u540c\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u78c1\u76d8\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p>\u5f53\u5728bash\u4e2d\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u505a\u4fee\u6539&#xff0c;\u4e0b\u6b21\u518d\u91cd\u65b0\u767b\u9646\u65f6&#xff0c;\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u767b\u5165XShell\u4f1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u6267\u884c.bash_profile\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u95ee&#xff1a;\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u6237\u5728\u767b\u5f55\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6240\u5904\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u767b\u9646XShell\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5148\u9700\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5728\u767b\u9646\u65f6\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6.bash_profile\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418182225-68029861871e7.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>6. \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5e03\u5c40<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>static\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u53ea\u5728\u58f0\u660e\u5b83\u7684\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u90e8\u53ef\u89c1\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u4f1a\u88ab\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u6b21&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u672a\u663e\u793a\u521d\u59cb\u5316&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0&#xff0c;\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u9759\u6001\u5b58\u50a8\u533a&#xff0c;\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u53ca\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u5177\u6709\u5168\u5c40\u5c5e\u6027&#xff0c;\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> g_val1 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">100<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> g_val2<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> argc<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> env<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;code adr:%p\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> main<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u6b63\u6587\u4ee3\u7801<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;init data code:%p\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>g_val1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;uninit data code:%p\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>g_val2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> heap1 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token function\">malloc<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> heap2 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token function\">malloc<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> heap3 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token function\">malloc<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> heap4 <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token function\">malloc<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;stack adr:%p\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>heap1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u6808<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;stack adr:%p\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>heap2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;stack adr:%p\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>heap3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;stack adr:%p\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>heap4<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;heap adr:%p\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> heap1<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u5806<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;heap adr:%p\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> heap2<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;heap adr:%p\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> heap3<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;heap adr:%p\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> heap4<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> i <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> i <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> i<span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#043;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u8868<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u8868%d adr:%p\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> i<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> argv <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> i <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> i <span class=\"token operator\">&lt;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">2<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> i<span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#043;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8868%d adr:%p\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> i<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> env <span class=\"token operator\">&#043;<\/span> i<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> <\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> i <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> i<span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#043;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;argv[%d]&#061;%p\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> i<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> argv<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">for<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> i <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> env<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span> i<span class=\"token operator\">&#043;&#043;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>   <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;env[%d]&#061;%p\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> i<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> env<span class=\"token punctuation\">[<\/span>i<span class=\"token punctuation\">]<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418182225-68029861ae9b6.png\" alt=\"image.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u5229\u7528fork\u51fd\u6570\u89c2\u5bdf\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u503c\u548c\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n<li>\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u8bed\u8a00(c\/c&#043;&#043;\u7b49)\u6240\u770b\u7684\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u662f\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\/\u7ebf\u6027\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740(\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1) &#xff01;<\/li>\n<p>\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\/\u7ebf\u6027\u5730\u5740&#xff1a;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u770b\u7684\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff1b;\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u548c\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u4e3a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5730\u5740&#xff1b;\u7531\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528&#xff0c;\u4f46\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u5e94\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740&#xff1a;\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e&#xff0c;\u5177\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u6027&#xff1b;\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684&#xff1b;\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u548cMMU\u7edf\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<li>\u6b64\u56fe\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u56fe&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u5e03\u56fe&#xff1a;\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5&#xff0c;\u5305\u62ecOS\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u56fe&#xff1a;\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;unistd.h&gt;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> g_val <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">pid_t<\/span> id <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">fork<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>id <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> cnt <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">6<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">while<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>cnt<span class=\"token operator\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;I am a child process! g_val &#061; %d, &amp;g_val &#061; %p\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> g_val<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>g_val<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token function\">sleep<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>            <span class=\"token keyword\">if<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>cnt <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">3<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fee\u6539\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n                g_val <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">200<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n                <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;child modify g_val: 100-&gt;200\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">else<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> cnt <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">6<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token keyword\">while<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span>cnt<span class=\"token operator\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token function\">printf<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&#034;I am a father process! g_val &#061; %d, &amp;g_val &#061; %p\\\\n&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> g_val<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">&amp;<\/span>g_val<span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n            <span class=\"token function\">sleep<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token number\">1<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n        <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p>   <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418182226-680298622a6e0.png\" alt=\"OWAG0Z[B}}7L&#064;SMB]1DWMAX.png\" \/>\u73b0\u8c61&#xff1a;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4fee\u6539\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u540e&#xff0c;\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u540c&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5730\u5740\u503c\u76f8\u540c&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0d\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u4e0a&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u5e94\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418182226-6802986271cf2.png\" alt=\"image.png\" \/>fork\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u662f\u4ee5\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e3a\u6a21\u677f&#xff0c;\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u7ee7\u627f\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784(task_struct\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u9875\u8868)&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5171\u4eab\u3002\u5f53\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u65b9\u5bf9\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u5165&#xff0c;\u89e6\u53d1\u7f3a\u9875\u4e2d\u65ad&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>g_val\u5730\u5740\u503c\u76f8\u540c&#xff0c;\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0d\u540c&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u76f8\u540c&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5728\u9875\u8868\u4e2d\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u540c&#xff0c;\u6307\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2>7. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/h2>\n<h3>7.1. \u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff1a;\u662f\u6307\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff1b;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u5b83\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u914d&#xff1b;\u572832\u4f4d\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a[0, 4GB]&#xff1b;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784&#xff0c;\u5177\u4f53\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p>eg&#xff1a;\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5bcc\u7fc1&#xff0c;\u670910\u4ebf\u8d44\u4ea7&#xff0c;\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b69\u7eb8&#xff0c;\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u5c0fA\u3001\u5c0fB&#xff0c;\u4e24\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u5927\u5bcc\u7fc1\u5bf9\u4e24\u5b69\u5206\u522b\u753b\u997c&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u5c0fA\u8bf4 :\u201c\u513f\u5b50&#xff0c;\u4f60\u597d\u597d\u7ecf\u8425\u4f60\u7684\u516c\u53f8&#xff0c;\u7b49\u6211\u8d70\u540e&#xff0c;\u6211\u768410\u4ebf\u8d44\u4ea7\u5168\u90e8\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u201d&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u5c0fB\u8bf4 :\u201c\u95fa\u5973&#xff0c;\u4f60\u597d\u597d\u8bfb\u4e66&#xff0c;\u7b49\u6211\u8d70\u540e&#xff0c;\u6211\u768410\u4ebf\u8d44\u4ea7\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u201d&#xff0c;\u5c0fA\/B\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5c06\u6765\u81ea\u5df1\u670910\u4ebf \u2014 \u5927\u5bcc\u7fc1\u662fOS\u300110\u4ebf\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u5c0fA\/B\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u997c\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<li>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u7ba1\u7406\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff1f;\u5148\u63cf\u8ff0\u3001\u518d\u7ec4\u7ec7&#xff0c;\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7ba1\u7406&#xff0c;\u5c31\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u589e\u5220\u67e5\u6539\u3002<\/li>\n<p>&#x1f4a1;Tips&#xff1a;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684PCB\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u9875\u8868&#xff0c;\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u3002<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418182226-68029862e71ec.png\" alt=\"image.png\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>7.2. \u533a\u57df\u5212\u5206<\/h3>\n<li>\n<p>\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5212\u5206\u7684\u6982\u5ff5&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784&#xff0c;\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u662f\u5bf9\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u57df\u5212\u5206&#xff0c;\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6570\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\u5b83\u80fd\u5bfb\u5740\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8303\u56f4\u4e2d\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u533a\u57df&#xff0c;\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5bfb\u5740\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u533a\u57df\u5212\u5206\u7684\u76ee\u7684&#xff1a;\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u8d8a\u754c\u3001\u6269\u5927\u6216\u7f29\u5c0f\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u652f\u6301\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p>\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u8d8a\u754c&#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u8fb9\u754c&#xff0c;OS\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u5e76\u963b\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u8d85\u51fa\u5206\u914d\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6269\u5927\u6216\u7f29\u5c0f\u8303\u56f4&#xff1a;\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42&#xff0c;\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574\u5404\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5927\u5c0f&#xff0c;\u5982&#xff1a;\u5806\u7a7a\u95f4\u52a8\u6001\u7533\u8bf7\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u4fdd\u62a4&#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7\u9875\u8868\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650(r\u3001w\u3001x) , \u9632\u6b62\u8fdb\u7a0b\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df&#xff0c;\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u652f\u6301\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406&#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7\u5212\u5206\u5806\u3001\u6808\u7b49\u533a\u57df&#xff0c;\u652f\u6301\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u52a8\u6001\u7533\u8bf7\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<li>\u533a\u57df\u5212\u5206\u7684\u672c\u8d28&#xff1a;\u533a\u57df\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528(\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u4f8b\u5916)\u3002<\/li>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">task_struct<\/span> <span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/*<br \/>\n    offsets of these are hardcoded elsewhere &#8211; touch with care<br \/>\n    *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">volatile<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">long<\/span> state<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>     <span class=\"token comment\">\/* -1 unrunnable, e runnable, &gt;0 stopped *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">unsigned<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">long<\/span> flags<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>     <span class=\"token comment\">\/* per process flags, defined below *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> sigpending<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token class-name\">mm_segment_t<\/span> addr_limit<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>         <span class=\"token comment\">\/* thread address space:<br \/>\n                                        O-OxBFFFFFFF for user-thead<br \/>\n                                        O-OxFFFFFFFF for kernel-thread<br \/>\n                                 *\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">exec_domain<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>exec_domain<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">volatile<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">long<\/span> need_resched<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">unsigned<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">long<\/span> ptrace<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> lock_depth<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>        <span class=\"token comment\">\/* Lock depth *\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token comment\">\/* offset 32 begins here on 32-bit platforms. We keep<br \/>\n* all fields in a single cacheline that are needed for<br \/>\n* the goodness() loop in schedule().<br \/>\n*\/<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">long<\/span> counter<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">long<\/span> nice<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    unsianed <span class=\"token keyword\">long<\/span> nolicv<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">mm_struct<\/span> <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>mm<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/mm\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u7684\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> processor<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">mm_struct<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">vm_area_struct<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> mmap<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">rb_root<\/span> mm_rb<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">struct<\/span> <span class=\"token class-name\">vm_area_struct<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> mmap_cache<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>    <\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/&#8230;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    unsingned <span class=\"token keyword\">long<\/span> start_code<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> end_code<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> start_data<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> end_data<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u7684\u8303\u56f4[start_code, end_code],\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u7684\u8303\u56f4[start_data, end_data];<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">unsigned<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">long<\/span> start_brk<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> brk<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> start_stack<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/start_brk\u8868\u793a\u5806\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5730\u5740\u8fb9\u754c,brk\u8868\u793a\u5806\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5730\u5740\u8fb9\u754c; \u5806:\u4f4e-&gt;\u9ad8<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/start_stack\u8868\u793a\u6808\u5e95\u7684\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u5373:\u6808\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5730\u5740\u8fb9\u754c; \u6808:\u9ad8-&gt;\u4f4e<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">unsigned<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">long<\/span> arg_start<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> arg_end<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> env_start<span class=\"token punctuation\">,<\/span> env_end<span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8303\u56f4[arg_start, arg_end],\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8303\u56f4[env_start, env_end];<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>8. \u9875\u8868<\/h2>\n<h3>8.1. \u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n<li>\n<p>\u9875\u8868&#xff1a;\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784&#xff1b;\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb&#xff1b;\u4f7f\u5f97\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u900f\u660e\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u7ba1\u7406\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58(\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5173\u5fc3\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5e03\u5c40)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9875\u8868\u5c06\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u662f\u7531CPU\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u4ef6\u7ec4\u4ef6MMU(\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u5355\u5143)\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002MMU\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u9875\u8868\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8f6c\u5316&#xff0c;\u8fdb\u800c\u627e\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230CPU\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p>CR3\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u6307\u5411\u5f53\u524d\u6d3b\u52a8\u9875\u8868\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u5f53MMU\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u5316\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528CR3\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u9875\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<li>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\u80fd\u529b&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9875\u8868\u673a\u5236\u548cMMU\u7684\u652f\u6301&#xff0c;\u5c06\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/li>\n<h3>8.2. new\u3001malloc\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n<p>\u95ee&#xff1a;new\u3001malloc\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u4f7f\u7528\u5417&#xff1f;\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u7533\u8bf7&#xff1f;\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u597d\u5904\u5417&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u5f53new\u3001malloc\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u5757\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u56e0\u4e3a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5bf9\u6548\u7387\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u8d1f\u8d23&#xff0c;\u6240\u4ee5OS\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5206\u914d\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u800c\u662f\u5728\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7533\u8bf7&#xff0c;\u9875\u8868\u4e2d\u672a\u5efa\u7acb\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u597d\u5904&#xff1a;a. \u5145\u5206\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7a7a\u8f6c&#xff1b;b. \u63d0\u5347\u4e86new\u3001malloc\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p>\u5145\u5206\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387&#xff1a;\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6570\u91cf\u5f80\u5f80\u5c11\u4e8e\u5206\u914d\u7684\u6570\u91cf&#xff0c;\u901a\u8fc7\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5206\u914d\u7684\u7b56\u7565&#xff0c;OS\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5206\u914d\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63d0\u5347\u4e86new\u3001malloc\u7684\u901f\u5ea6&#xff1a;\u7531\u4e8eOS\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7acb\u5373\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;new\u3001malloc\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u5feb\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9new\u3001malloc\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u5165&#xff0c;OS\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4&#xff1a;\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d -&gt; \u5c1d\u8bd5\u5199\u5165 -&gt; \u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5206\u914d -&gt; \u9875\u8868\u6620\u5c04 -&gt; \u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5411\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u5165&#xff0c;OS\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5f53\u524d\u662f\u5f80\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u5165&#xff0c;\u4e14\u9875\u8868\u4e2d\u5f53\u524d\u5e76\u672a\u5efa\u7acb\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb&#xff0c;\u5c31\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1 \u201c\u7f3a\u9875\u4e2d\u65ad\u201d&#xff0c;\u5c06\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u6682\u505c&#xff0c;\u5f00\u8f9f\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58&#xff0c;\u518d\u5efa\u7acb\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb&#xff0c;\u4e00\u65e6\u9875\u8868\u6620\u5c04\u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u6210&#xff0c;\u7528\u6237\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002eg&#xff1a;\u652f\u7968\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>8.3. \u5199\u65f6\u62f7\u8d1d\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n<li>\u5199\u5b9e\u62f7\u8d1d\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001 -&gt; \u5199\u5165\u5c1d\u8bd5 -&gt; \u7f3a\u9875\u4e2d\u65ad -&gt; \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u548c\u6620\u5c04\u66f4\u65b0 -&gt; \u6743\u9650\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001&#xff1a;\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u6bb5\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u9875\u5728\u9875\u8868\u4e2d\u6743\u9650\u4f4d\u6700\u521d\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u53ef\u8bfb(r&#xff0c;\u53ea\u8bfb)&#xff0c;\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5199\u5165\u5c1d\u8bd5&#xff1a;\u5f53\u7236\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u65b9\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5b83\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u9875\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u53d1\u73b0\u8be5\u9875\u9762\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f3a\u9875\u4e2d\u65ad&#xff1a;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u68c0\u6d4b\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4fee\u6539\u53ea\u8bfb\u9875\u9762\u65f6&#xff0c;\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f3a\u9875\u4e2d\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u4e0e\u6620\u5c04\u66f4\u65b0\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d&#xff1a;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5199\u5165\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5206\u914d\u65b0\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5185\u5bb9\u590d\u5236&#xff1a;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u539f\u59cb\u5171\u4eab\u9875\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u62f7\u8d1d\u5230\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6620\u5c04\u66f4\u65b0&#xff1a;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u65b0\u8bf7\u6c42\u5199\u5165\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9875\u8868\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb&#xff0c;\u4f7f\u5176\u6307\u5411\u65b0\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6743\u9650\u66f4\u65b0\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u539f\u9875\u9762\u6743\u9650&#xff1a;\u53ef\u8bfb&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u6539\u53d8\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u65b0\u9875\u9762\u9650&#xff1a;\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u53ef\u8bfb\u5199(rw)&#xff0c;\u4f9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u5199\u5165\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u81ea\u7531\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418182227-6802986340c5f.png\" alt=\"image.png\" \/> \u9875\u9762\u5728\u9875\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4f4d\u6700\u521d\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u53ef\u8bfb&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684&#xff0c;\u5f53\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bd5\u56fe\u5199\u5165\u8be5\u9875\u9762\u65f6&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u624d\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1\u7f3a\u9875\u4e2d\u65ad&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u4e3a\u5199\u5165\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u526f\u672c&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5c06\u65b0\u7684\u9875\u9762\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u53ef\u8bfb\u5199\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li>\u6309\u9700\u62f7\u8d1d&#xff1a;\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5199\u5165\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u62f7\u8d1d&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5f00\u8f9f\u7a7a\u95f4&#xff0c;\u590d\u5236\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6570\u636e&#xff0c;\u4ece\u800c\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b57\u9762\u503c\u5e38\u91cf\u5177\u6709\u5e38\u5c5e\u6027&#xff0c;\u5176\u503c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4fee\u6539&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54&#xff1a;str\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5e38\u91cf\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u4e3a\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u5165(\u8d4b\u503c)\u65f6&#xff0c;\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8f6c\u5316&#xff0c;\u800c\u5b57\u9762\u503c\u5e38\u91cf\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u5e38\u91cf\u533a&#xff0c;\u6b64\u533a\u57df\u7684\u6761\u76ee\u6743\u9650\u4f4d\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5373&#xff1a;\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236&#xff0c;\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u9875\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4f4d\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff0c;\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u5bf9\u53ea\u8bfb\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u5185\u5b58\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236&#xff1a;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\u6765\u9650\u5236\u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u9875\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4f4d\u6765\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9875\u8868\u6743\u9650\u4f4d&#xff1a;\u9875\u8868\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u76ee\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u8005\u591a\u4e2a\u6743\u9650\u4f4d&#xff0c;\u7528\u6765\u6307\u793a\u6b64\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u8bfb(r\u4f4d)\u3001\u53ef\u5199(w\u4f4d)\u3001\u53ef\u6267\u884c(x\u4f4d)\u3002\u5e38\u91cf\u533a\u7684\u9875\u8868\u6761\u76ee\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5199\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u5199\u4fdd\u62a4&#xff1a;\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u65f6&#xff0c;\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c1d\u8bd5&#xff0c;\u5e76\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u3002\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fdd\u62a4\u6545\u969c&#xff0c;\u5982&#xff1a;\u6bb5\u9519\u8bef(segmentation fault)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8f6c\u5316&#xff1a;\u5f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4f1a\u67e5\u8be2\u9875\u8868\u6765\u67e5\u8be2\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740&#xff0c;\u5982\u679c\u9875\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4f4d\u7981\u6b62\u5199\u5165&#xff0c;\u5219\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u8be5\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span>                                                                                                                         <\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> str <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello world!&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u7f16\u8bd1\u901a\u8fc7&#xff0c;\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u62a5\u9519<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>str <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token char\">&#039;H&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418182227-680298637f9a0.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6700\u597d\u52a0\u4e0aconst\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u4fee\u9970\u5b57\u9762\u503c\u5e38\u91cf&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\u63d0\u524d\u66b4\u9732\u9519\u8bef&#xff1a;\u5c06\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u63d0\u524d\u5230\u7f16\u8bd1\u9636\u6bb5\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u6765&#xff0c;\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf&#xff1a;\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528const\u5173\u952e\u5b57&#xff0c;\u660e\u786e\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4fee\u6539&#xff0c;\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027&#xff0c;\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e60\u60ef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u8303\u7574&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u505a\u6cd5&#xff0c;\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"task-list-item\"> \u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u7f16\u7a0b&#xff1a;\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u9884\u9632\u6027\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u6355\u83b7\u9519\u8bef&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b49\u5f85\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"token macro property\"><span class=\"token directive-hash\">#<\/span><span class=\"token directive keyword\">include<\/span><span class=\"token string\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span>                                                                                                                         <\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token keyword\">int<\/span> <span class=\"token function\">main<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">(<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">)<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">{<\/span><br \/>\n    <span class=\"token keyword\">const<\/span> <span class=\"token keyword\">char<\/span><span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span> str <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token string\">&#034;hello world!&#034;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span>  <span class=\"token comment\">\/\/\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token operator\">*<\/span>str <span class=\"token operator\">&#061;<\/span> <span class=\"token char\">&#039;H&#039;<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    <span class=\"token keyword\">return<\/span> <span class=\"token number\">0<\/span><span class=\"token punctuation\">;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"token punctuation\">}<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20250418182227-68029863a5d9e.png\" alt=\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>9. 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