{"id":18978,"date":"2025-04-19T01:22:10","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T17:22:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/18978.html"},"modified":"2025-04-19T01:22:10","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T17:22:10","slug":"ansible%e8%bf%90%e8%a1%8c%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%e6%8f%ad%e7%a7%98%ef%bc%9a%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8yaml%e8%84%9a%e6%9c%ac%e6%8e%8c%e6%8e%a7%e6%95%b0%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/18978.html","title":{"rendered":"Ansible\u8fd0\u884c\u539f\u7406\u63ed\u79d8\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u7528YAML\u811a\u672c\u638c\u63a7\u6570\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

1 Ansible\u57fa\u672c\u67b6\u6784<\/h2>\n

1.1 Ansible\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ansible\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6a21\u5757\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684，\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u6279\u91cf\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u80fd\u529b，\u771f\u6b63\u5177\u6709\u6279\u91cf\u90e8\u7f72\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u662fAnsible\u6240\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6a21\u5757，Ansible\u53ea\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/span> <\/p>\n

\"\" <\/p>\n

1.2 Ansible\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • Ansible：Ansible\u6838\u5fc3\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n
  • Play books：\u4efb\u52a1\u5267\u672c（\u4efb\u52a1\u96c6），\u7f16\u6392\u5b9a\u4e49Ansible\u4efb\u52a1\u96c6\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6，\u7531Ansible\u4f9d\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1，\u901a\u5e38\u662fJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684YML\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n
  • Host inventory：Ansible\u7ba1\u7406\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u6e05\u5355，\u8bb0\u5f55\u7531Ansible\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u4fe1\u606f，\u5305\u62ec\u7aef\u53e3\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u3001IP\u7b49<\/li>\n
  • Modules：\u6838\u5fc3\u6a21\u5757，\u4e3b\u8981\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u6838\u5fc3\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u7ba1\u7406\u4efb\u52a1<\/li>\n
  • CustomModules：\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5757，\u5b8c\u6210\u6838\u5fc3\u6a21\u5757\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u529f\u80fd，\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00<\/li>\n
  • Connection plugins：\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fde\u63a5\u63d2\u4ef6\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a，\u5373Ansible\u548cHost\u901a\u4fe1\u4f7f\u7528，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4f7f\u7528SSH<\/li>\n
  • Plugins：\u6a21\u5757\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8865\u5145，\u5982\u8fde\u63a5\u7c7b\u578b\u63d2\u4ef6\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u63d2\u4ef6\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u63d2\u4ef6\u7b49，\u53ef\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d2\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6210\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/li>\n
  • Playbooks：\u6279\u91cf\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9Ansible\u6838\u5fc3\u6a21\u5757，Ansible\u6838\u5fc3\u6a21\u5757\u901a\u8fc7Host inventory\u6a21\u5757\u5bfb\u627e\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4e3b\u673a，\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7Connection plugins\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7684\u4e3b\u673a，\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u547d\u4ee4\u3002Ansible\u4f7f\u7528\u63d2\u4ef6\u6765\u8fde\u63a5\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u63a7\u5236\u7aefHost，\u6b64\u5916，\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u63d2\u4ef6\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 <\/p>\n

    1.3 Ansible\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n

    \/etc\/ansible <\/p>\n

      \n
    • \/etc\/ansible\/ansible.cfg ：\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n
    • \/etc\/ansible\/hosts ：\u4e3b\u673a\u5e93（host inventory），\u7ba1\u7406\u88ab\u76d1\u63a7\u7684\u4e3b\u673a<\/li>\n
    • \/usr\/bin\/ansible：\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n
    • \/usr\/bin\/ansible-doc：\u6587\u6863<\/li>\n
    • \/usr\/bin\/ansible-playbook：\u5267\u672c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2 Ansible\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h2>\n

      2.1 Ansible\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n

      Ansible\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5206\u4e3a2\u79cd： <\/p>\n

        \n
      • ad-hoc\u6a21\u5f0f（\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u6a21\u5757）：\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757，\u652f\u6301\u6279\u91cf\u6267\u884c\u5355\u6761\u547d\u4ee4，\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0e\u5728bash\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u53e5Shell\u547d<\/li>\n
      • playbook\u6a21\u5f0f（\u5267\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f）：Ansible\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f，\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u4e2atask\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u7c7b\u529f\u80fd，\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2aad-hoc\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        2.2 Ansible\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h3>\n

        \"\" <\/p>\n

        3 Ansible\u5e94\u7528<\/h2>\n

        3.1 \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3b\u673a\u5217\u8868（Inventory）<\/h3>\n

        \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Ansible\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u4e8e\u6279\u91cf\u4e3b\u673a\u64cd\u4f5c，\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u6377\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u673a，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728inventory\u4e2d\u5c06\u4e3b\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7ec4\u547d\u540d\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684inventory file\u4e3a\/etc\/ansible\/hosts\u3002inventory\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7Dynamic Inventory\u6765\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u3002 <\/p>\n

        Inventory\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f：<\/span> <\/p>\n

          \n
        • Inventory\u6587\u4ef6\u9075\u5faaini\u6587\u4ef6\u98ce\u683c，\u4e2d\u62ec\u53f7[]\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3a\u7ec4\u540d<\/span><\/li>\n
        • \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u540c\u65f6\u653e\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u5f53\u4e2d<\/span><\/li>\n
        • \u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u673a\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f\u975essh\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\u65f6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u79f0\u4e4b\u540e\u91c7\u7528\u5192\u53f7\u52a0\u5177\u4f53\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u6765\u6ce8\u660e<\/span><\/li>\n
        • \u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u9075\u5faa\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u547d\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u673a\u540d<\/span><\/li>\n
        • \u4e3b\u673a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Inventory\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3b\u673a\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u6dfb\u52a0，\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5728playbook\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u793a\u4f8b：
          \n1.Inventory\u6587\u4ef6\u9075\u5faaini\u6587\u4ef6\u98ce\u683c，\u4e2d\u62ec\u53f7[]\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e3a\u7ec4\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u540c\u65f6\u653e\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u5f53\u4e2d
          \n[webservers]
          \nnode1<\/p>\n

          [dbservers]
          \nnode1<\/p>\n

          2.\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u673a\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f\u975essh\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\u65f6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u79f0\u4e4b\u540e\u91c7\u7528\u5192\u53f7\u52a0\u5177\u4f53\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u6765\u6ce8\u660e
          \n[webservers]
          \nnode1:2022<\/p>\n

          [dbservers]
          \nnode1<\/p>\n

          2.\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u9075\u5faa\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u547d\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e3b\u673a\u540d
          \n[webservers]
          \nnode[1:3]<\/p>\n

          [dbservers]
          \nnode[1:2]<\/p>\n

          3.\u4e3b\u673a\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Inventory\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3b\u673a\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u6dfb\u52a0，\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5728playbook\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4f7f\u7528
          \n[webservers]
          \nnode1 http_port=80 maxRequestsPerChild=808
          \nnode2 http_port=8080 maxRequestsPerChild=909 <\/p>\n

          \u00a0Inventory\u53c2\u6570：Ansible\u5728\u57fa\u4e8essh\u8fde\u63a5Inventory\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a\u65f6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f，\u5e38\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

            \n
          • ansible_ssh_host：\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a<\/li>\n
          • ansible_ssh_user：\u6307\u5b9a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673assh\u7aef\u53e3<\/li>\n
          • ansible_ssh_pass：\u8fde\u63a5\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5bc6\u7801<\/li>\n
          • ansible_sudo_pass：sudo\u5bc6\u7801，\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528–ask-sudo-pass\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n
          • ansible_connection：\u6307\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u7c7b\u578b，\u7c7b\u578b\u5305\u62ec：local\u3001ssh\u3001paramiko<\/li>\n
          • ansible_shell_type：\u6307\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u5bf9\u7aef\u7684shell\u7c7b\u578b，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u652f\u6301sh<\/li>\n
          • ansible_ssh_private_key_file：ssh\u8fde\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u79c1\u94a5<\/li>\n
          • ansible_python_interpreter：\u6307\u5b9a\u5bf9\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528\u7684python\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u793a\u4f8b：
            \n\u6839\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684Inventory\u8c03\u7528ping\u68c0\u6d4b\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u8fbe：
            \n\u68c0\u6d4bInventory\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a：ansible all -m ping<\/p>\n

            [root@node2 ~]# ansible all -m ping
            \n192.168.10.32 | SUCCESS => {
            \n "ansible_facts": {
            \n "discovered_interpreter_python": "\/usr\/bin\/python"
            \n },
            \n "changed": false,
            \n "ping": "pong"
            \n}
            \n192.168.10.30 | SUCCESS => {
            \n "ansible_facts": {
            \n "discovered_interpreter_python": "\/usr\/bin\/python"
            \n },
            \n "changed": false,
            \n "ping": "pong"
            \n}
            \n192.168.10.31 | SUCCESS => {
            \n "ansible_facts": {
            \n "discovered_interpreter_python": "\/usr\/bin\/python"
            \n },
            \n "changed": false,
            \n "ping": "pong"
            \n}
            \n[root@node2 ~]# <\/p>\n

            \u68c0\u6d4bInventory\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684dbservers\u7ec4\u7684\u4e3b\u673a：ansible dbservers -m ping
            \n[root@node2 ~]# ansible dbservers -m ping
            \n192.168.10.30 | SUCCESS => {
            \n "ansible_facts": {
            \n "discovered_interpreter_python": "\/usr\/bin\/python"
            \n },
            \n "changed": false,
            \n "ping": "pong"
            \n}
            \n[root@node2 ~]# <\/p>\n

            \u68c0\u6d4b\u6307\u5b9a\u5355\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a：ansible 192.168.10.30 -m ping
            \n[root@node2 ~]# ansible 192.168.10.30 -m ping
            \n192.168.10.30 | SUCCESS => {
            \n "ansible_facts": {
            \n "discovered_interpreter_python": "\/usr\/bin\/python"
            \n },
            \n "changed": false,
            \n "ping": "pong"
            \n}
            \n[root@node2 ~]# <\/p>\n

            3.2 \u57fa\u4e8ead-hoc\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fd0\u884c<\/h3>\n

            Ansible\u901a\u8fc7ssh\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u90e8\u7f72\u3001\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c，\u6545\u800c\u9700\u8981\u4e8b\u5148\u914d\u7f6eAnsible\u7aef\u80fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u79d8\u94a5\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fde\u63a5\u5404\u88ab\u7ba1\u7406\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5：
            \nansible <pattern> -m <module_name> -a <module_arguments> [options]<\/p>\n

            \u89e3\u91ca：
            \n<pattern>：\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u6216\u4e3b\u673a\u7ec4，\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fInventory\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3001IP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u7ec4\u6216\u5173\u952e\u5b57（\u5982all）
            \n-m <module_name>：\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u5757（\u5982ping\u3001shell\u3001copy\u7b49）
            \n-a <module_arguments>：\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u53c2\u6570
            \n[options]：\u53ef\u9009\u53c2\u6570，\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236Ansible\u884c\u4e3a <\/p>\n

            3.2.1 \u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            \n

            \u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u63cf\u8ff0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            -i<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u6307\u5b9a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684Inventory\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            –private-key<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u6307\u5b9aSSH\u79c1\u94a5\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            -u<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u6307\u5b9aSSH\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            -k<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165SSH\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            -K<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165become（\u63d0\u6743）\u5bc6\u7801（\u5982sudo\u5bc6\u7801）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            -b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u4f7f\u7528become（\u63d0\u6743）\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1（\u5982sudo）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            –become-user<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u6307\u5b9a\u63d0\u6743\u540e\u7684\u7528\u6237（\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aroot）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            -v<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u8f93\u51fa\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f（-vvv\u6216-vvvv\u53ef\u589e\u52a0\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            –check<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u6a21\u62df\u8fd0\u884c（\u4e0d\u5b9e\u9645\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u6539）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            –diff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5dee\u5f02（\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u6a21\u5757，\u5982copy\u3001template）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            –ask-pass<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165SSH\u5bc6\u7801<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            –limit<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u9650\u5236\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u8303\u56f4（\u5982limit webservers\u53ea\u5bf9webservers\u7ec4\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u751f\u6548）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \u793a\u4f8b：\u4f7f\u7528shell\u6a21\u5757\u68c0\u67e5\/etc\/passwd\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b root
            \nansible all -m shell -a 'grep root \/etc\/passwd'<\/p>\n

            [root@node2 ~]# ansible all -m shell -a 'grep root \/etc\/passwd'
            \n192.168.10.30 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
            \nroot:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash
            \noperator:x:11:0:operator:\/root:\/sbin\/nologin
            \n192.168.10.32 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
            \nroot:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash
            \noperator:x:11:0:operator:\/root:\/sbin\/nologin
            \n192.168.10.31 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
            \nroot:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash
            \noperator:x:11:0:operator:\/root:\/sbin\/nologin
            \n[root@node2 ~]# <\/p>\n

            3.2.2 \u5e38\u7528\u6a21\u5757<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            \n

            \u9009\u9879<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u89e3\u91ca<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            ping<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            command<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u5728\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4，\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7ba1\u9053<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            shell<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u5728\u76ee\u6807\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u8c03\u7528shell\u89e3\u91ca\u5668，\u652f\u6301\u7ba1\u9053\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            copy<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a，\u652f\u6301\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            file<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            yum<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u670d\u52a1\u5b89\u88c5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            fetch<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u4ece\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u672c\u5730<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            cron<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            crontab\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            service<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            user<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            group<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            setup<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6536\u96c6\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            script<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            \u5c06\u672c\u5730\u811a\u672c\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u8fdc\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \u793a\u4f8b：\u4f7f\u7528file\u6a21\u5757\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6
            \nansible all -m file -a "path=\/tmp\/tmp.txt state=touch"<\/p>\n

            [root@node2 ~]# ansible all -m file -a "path=\/tmp\/tmp.txt state=touch"
            \n192.168.10.31 | CHANGED => {
            \n "ansible_facts": {
            \n "discovered_interpreter_python": "\/usr\/bin\/python"
            \n },
            \n "changed": true,
            \n "dest": "\/tmp\/tmp.txt",
            \n "gid": 0,
            \n "group": "root",
            \n "mode": "0644",
            \n "owner": "root",
            \n "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0",
            \n "size": 0,
            \n "state": "file",
            \n "uid": 0
            \n}
            \n192.168.10.32 | CHANGED => {
            \n "ansible_facts": {
            \n "discovered_interpreter_python": "\/usr\/bin\/python"
            \n },
            \n "changed": true,
            \n "dest": "\/tmp\/tmp.txt",
            \n "gid": 0,
            \n "group": "root",
            \n "mode": "0644",
            \n "owner": "root",
            \n "size": 0,
            \n "state": "file",
            \n "uid": 0
            \n}
            \n192.168.10.30 | CHANGED => {
            \n "ansible_facts": {
            \n "discovered_interpreter_python": "\/usr\/bin\/python"
            \n },
            \n "changed": true,
            \n "dest": "\/tmp\/tmp.txt",
            \n "gid": 0,
            \n "group": "root",
            \n "mode": "0644",
            \n "owner": "root",
            \n "size": 0,
            \n "state": "file",
            \n "uid": 0
            \n} <\/p>\n

            3.3 \u57fa\u4e8eplaybook\u6a21\u5f0f\u6267\u884c<\/h3>\n

            Playbook\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199YAML\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u811a\u672c\u6587\u4ef6（\u79f0\u4e3a playbook）\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u6267\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f，playbook\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u8005\u591a\u4e2aplay\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5217\u8868，play\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5c06\u4e8b\u5148\u5f52\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u88c5\u626e\u6210\u4e8b\u5148\u901a\u8fc7task\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u89d2\u8272，task\u5c31\u662f\u8c03\u7528\u7684AnsiBle\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757（module）\u3002 <\/p>\n

            playbook\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206： <\/p>\n

              \n
            • hosts：\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u7ec4，\u5176\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u8005\u591a\u4e2a\u7531\u5192\u53f7\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u7ec4<\/li>\n
            • user：\u6307\u5b9a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7528\u6237，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9asudo\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n
            • variable：\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49playbook\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n
            • tasks：\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5217\u8868，\u5305\u62ec<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 1）name：\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u540d\u79f0，\u5efa\u8bae\u63cf\u8ff0\u4efb\u52a1\u6267\u884c\u6b65\u9aa4 <\/p>\n

              \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 2）module:options：\u8c03\u7528Ansible\u7684\u6a21\u5757module\u548c\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570 <\/p>\n

                \n
              • handler：\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49task\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u52a1，\u5305\u62ec<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 1）notify：\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2apaly\u7684\u6700\u540e\u89e6\u53d1，\u8c03\u7528\u5728handler\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c <\/p>\n

                \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 2）handler：task\u7684\u5217\u8868 <\/p>\n

                playbook\u793a\u4f8b：
                \n—
                \n– hosts: web # \u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u7ec4
                \n become: yes # \u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u6743（\u5982 sudo）
                \n tasks:
                \n – name: Ensure Apache is installed
                \n yum:
                \n name: httpd
                \n state: present<\/p>\n

                – name: Ensure Apache is running
                \n service:
                \n name: httpd
                \n state: started <\/p>\n

                3.3.1 playbook\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/h4>\n

                1. hosts\u00a0 <\/p>\n

                \u4f5c\u7528：\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u6216\u4e3b\u673a\u7ec4（\u5728Inventory）\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49
                \n\u793a\u4f8b：
                \nhosts: webserver <\/p>\n

                2. tasks\u00a0 <\/p>\n

                \u4f5c\u7528：\u5b9a\u4e49\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5217\u8868
                \n\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u5305\u542b\u5185\u5bb9：
                \nname：\u4efb\u52a1\u63cf\u8ff0（\u53ef\u9009，\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528）
                \n\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u79f0（\u5982yum\u3001copy\u3001service\u7b49）
                \n\u6a21\u5757\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n

                \u793a\u4f8b：
                \ntasks:
                \n – name: Ensure Apache is installed
                \n yum:
                \n name: httpd
                \n state: present <\/p>\n

                3. vars\u00a0<\/p>\n

                \u4f5c\u7528：\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf
                \n\u793a\u4f8b：
                \nvars:
                \n http_port: 80 <\/p>\n

                4. handlers<\/p>\n

                \u4f5c\u7528：\u5b9a\u4e49\u5904\u7406\u5668，\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1
                \n\u793a\u4f8b：
                \nhandlers:
                \n – name: Restart Apache
                \n service:
                \n name: httpd
                \n state: restarted <\/p>\n

                5.\u00a0 become <\/p>\n

                \u4f5c\u7528：\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u6743（\u5982sudo）
                \n\u793a\u4f8b：
                \nbecome: yes <\/p>\n

                3.3.2 playbook\u7684\u6267\u884c<\/h4>\n

                ansible-playbook playbook.yml <\/p>\n

                \u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879：<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                \n

                \u9009\u9879<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                		\n

                \u63cf\u8ff0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                \n

                -i<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                		\n

                \u6307\u5b9a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684Inventory\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                \n

                –limit<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                		\n

                \u9650\u5236\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u8303\u56f4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                \n

                –check<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                		\n

                \u6a21\u62df\u8fd0\u884c（\u4e0d\u5b9e\u9645\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u6539）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                \n

                –diff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                		\n

                \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5dee\u5f02（\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u6a21\u5757，\u5982copy\u3001template）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                \n

                –tags<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                		\n

                \u53ea\u8fd0\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                \n

                –skip-tags<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                		\n

                \u8df3\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                \n

                -v<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                		\n

                \u8f93\u51fa\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f（-vvv\u6216-vvvv\u53ef\u589e\u52a0\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f）<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                3.3.3 playbook\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n

                1.\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n

                \u4f7f\u7528when\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6839\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1
                \n\u793a\u4f8b：
                \ntasks:
                \n – name: Install Apache on CentOS
                \n yum:
                \n name: httpd
                \n state: present
                \n when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" <\/p>\n

                2. \u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n

                \u4f7f\u7528loop\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5b9e\u73b0\u5faa\u73af
                \n\u793a\u4f8b：
                \ntasks:
                \n – name: Ensure users are present
                \n user:
                \n name: "{{ item }}"
                \n state: present
                \n loop:
                \n – alice <\/p>\n

                3. \u6a21\u7248<\/p>\n

                \u4f7f\u7528template\u6a21\u5757\u751f\u6210\u52a8\u6001\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6
                \n\u793a\u4f8b：
                \ntasks:
                \n – name: Configure Apache
                \n template:
                \n src: templates\/httpd.conf.j2
                \n dest: \/etc\/httpd\/httpd.conf <\/p>\n

                4. \u89d2\u8272<\/p>\n

                \u5c06Playbook\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u7684\u89d2\u8272
                \n\u793a\u4f8b：
                \nroles:
                \n – common
                \n – webserver <\/p>\n

                3.3.4 \u6848\u4f8b：\u5b89\u88c5httpd<\/h4>\n

                1.\u521b\u5efaplaybook\u76f8\u5173\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

                [root@node2 ansible]# mkdir apache-playbook
                \n[root@node2 ansible]# cd apache-playbook
                \n[root@node2 ansible]# mkdir files
                \n[root@node2 ansible]# mkdir templates <\/p>\n

                2.\u7f16\u8f91Inventory\u6587\u4ef6，\u589e\u52a0\u4e3b\u673a\u7ec4web<\/p>\n

                [root@node2 ansible]# echo "[web]" >>\/etc\/ansible\/hosts<\/p>\n

                [root@node2 ansible]# echo "192.168.10.32" >>\/etc\/ansible\/hosts
                \n[root@node2 ansible]# <\/p>\n

                3.\u521b\u5efaplalybook.yml\u6587\u4ef6，\u589e\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

                —
                \n– hosts: web # \u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u7ec4
                \n become: yes # \u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u6743（\u5982 sudo）
                \n vars:
                \n http_port: 80 # \u5b9a\u4e49 HTTP \u7aef\u53e3
                \n html_content: "Hello, Ansible!" # \u5b9a\u4e49 HTML \u9875\u9762\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

                tasks:
                \n # 1. \u5b89\u88c5 Apache
                \n – name: Ensure Apache is installed
                \n yum:
                \n name: httpd
                \n state: present<\/p>\n

                # 2. \u914d\u7f6e Apache
                \n – name: Configure Apache
                \n template:
                \n src: templates\/httpd.conf.j2 # \u6a21\u677f\u6587\u4ef6
                \n dest: \/etc\/httpd\/conf\/httpd.conf # \u76ee\u6807\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6
                \n notify: Restart Apache # \u89e6\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u5668<\/p>\n

                # 3. \u90e8\u7f72 HTML \u9875\u9762
                \n – name: Deploy HTML page
                \n copy:
                \n content: "{{ html_content }}"
                \n dest: \/var\/www\/html\/index.html<\/p>\n

                # 4. \u542f\u52a8 Apache \u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u542f
                \n – name: Ensure Apache is running and enabled
                \n service:
                \n name: httpd
                \n state: started
                \n enabled: yes<\/p>\n

                handlers:
                \n # \u5b9a\u4e49\u5904\u7406\u5668，\u7528\u4e8e\u91cd\u542f Apache
                \n – name: Restart Apache
                \n service:
                \n name: httpd
                \n state: restarted <\/p>\n

                4.\u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u7248\u6587\u4ef6，\u5728templates\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efahttpd.conf.j2\u6587\u4ef6，\u5e76\u589e\u52a0\u5982\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n

                # {{ ansible_managed }} – DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY<\/p>\n

                Listen {{ http_port }}<\/p>\n

                <VirtualHost *:{{ http_port }}>
                \n DocumentRoot "\/var\/www\/html"
                \n ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
                \n ErrorLog \/var\/log\/httpd\/error.log
                \n CustomLog \/var\/log\/httpd\/access.log combined
                \n<\/VirtualHost> <\/p>\n

                5.\u8fd0\u884cplaybook<\/p>\n

                ansible-playbook -i \/etc\/ansible\/hosts playbook.yml
                \n [root@node2 apache-playbook]# ansible-playbook -i \/etc\/ansible\/hosts playbook.yml<\/p>\n

                PLAY [web] **********************************************************************************************************************************************************************<\/p>\n

                TASK [Gathering Facts] **********************************************************************************************************************************************************
                \nok: [192.168.10.32]<\/p>\n

                TASK [Ensure Apache is installed] ***********************************************************************************************************************************************
                \nok: [192.168.10.32]<\/p>\n

                TASK [Configure Apache] *********************************************************************************************************************************************************
                \nok: [192.168.10.32]<\/p>\n

                TASK [Deploy HTML page] *********************************************************************************************************************************************************
                \nok: [192.168.10.32]<\/p>\n

                TASK [Ensure Apache is running and enabled] *************************************************************************************************************************************
                \nok: [192.168.10.32]<\/p>\n

                PLAY RECAP **********************************************************************************************************************************************************************
                \n192.168.10.32 : ok=5 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0 <\/p>\n

                [root@node2 apache-playbook]# <\/p>\n

                6.\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n

                [root@node2 apache-playbook]# curl http:\/\/192.168.10.30
                \nHello, Ansible!
                \n[root@node2 apache-playbook]# <\/p>\n

                \u00a0<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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