{"id":17494,"date":"2025-04-19T00:02:47","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T16:02:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/17494.html"},"modified":"2025-04-19T00:02:47","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T16:02:47","slug":"mysql-%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e5%8f%82%e6%95%b0%e8%b0%83%e4%bc%98%ef%bc%9a%e6%97%a5%e5%bf%97%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e4%bc%98%e5%8c%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/17494.html","title":{"rendered":"MySQL \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u4f18\uff1a\u65e5\u5fd7\u914d\u7f6e\u4f18\u5316"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728 MySQL \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u65e5\u5fd7\u914d\u7f6e \u5f71\u54cd\u7740 \u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6062\u590d \u7b49\u5173\u952e\u73af\u8282\u3002\u5408\u7406\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u914d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5： \u2705 \u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6027\u80fd，\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684 I\/O \u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 \u2705 \u8bb0\u5f55 SQL \u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5，\u5e2e\u52a9\u5206\u6790\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u9501\u7b49\u5f85\u95ee\u9898\u3002 \u2705 \u652f\u6301\u5d29\u6e83\u6062\u590d，\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002 \u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd MySQL \u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5173\u952e\u65e5\u5fd7\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565，\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u63d0\u9ad8 MySQL \u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

1. MySQL \u65e5\u5fd7\u7c7b\u578b\u6982\u89c8<\/h3>\n\n\u65e5\u5fd7\u7c7b\u578b\u4f5c\u7528<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7（Error Log）<\/td>\n\u8bb0\u5f55 MySQL \u542f\u52a8\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u3001\u5d29\u6e83\u3001\u4e25\u91cd\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7（General Log）<\/td>\n\u8bb0\u5f55\u6240\u6709 SQL \u8bed\u53e5（\u8c03\u8bd5\u7528，\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u957f\u671f\u5f00\u542f）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7（Slow Query Log）<\/td>\n\u8bb0\u5f55\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u7684 SQL，\u4f18\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7（Binary Log, Binlog）<\/td>\n\u8bb0\u5f55\u6570\u636e\u53d8\u66f4（INSERT\/UPDATE\/DELETE），\u652f\u6301\u6570\u636e\u6062\u590d\u548c\u4e3b\u4ece\u590d\u5236<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u4e2d\u7ee7\u65e5\u5fd7（Relay Log）<\/td>\n\u8bb0\u5f55\u4ece\u5e93 SQL \u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5（\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4ece\u590d\u5236）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u4e8b\u52a1\u65e5\u5fd7（Redo Log \/ Undo Log）<\/td>\nInnoDB \u4e8b\u52a1\u6062\u590d\u548c\u56de\u6eda<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

2. \u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7（Error Log）\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n

2.1 \u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7\u4f5c\u7528<\/h4>\n
    \n
  • \u8bb0\u5f55 MySQL \u542f\u52a8\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u3001\u5d29\u6e83\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u9519\u8bef \u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u9002\u7528\u4e8e \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ef4\u62a4\u3001\u6392\u67e5\u6545\u969c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    2.2 \u67e5\u770b\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h4>\n

    SHOW<\/span> VARIABLES LIKE<\/span> 'log_error'<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u793a\u4f8b\u8f93\u51fa：<\/p>\n

    +—————+———————-+
    \n|<\/span> Variable_name |<\/span> Value |<\/span>
    \n+—————+———————-+
    \n|<\/span> log_error |<\/span> \/var\/log\/mysql\/error.log |<\/span>
    \n+—————+———————-+<\/p>\n

    📌 \u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84：\u53ef\u5728 my.cnf（Linux）\u6216 my.ini（Windows）\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539：<\/p>\n

    [<\/span>mysqld]<\/span>
    \nlog_error =<\/span> \/var\/log\/mysql\/error.log<\/p>\n

    2.3 \u76d1\u63a7\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h4>\n

    \u4f7f\u7528 tail -f \u76d1\u63a7\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7：<\/p>\n

    tail<\/span> -f<\/span> \/var\/log\/mysql\/error.log<\/p>\n

    📌 \u4f18\u5316\u5efa\u8bae： \u2705 \u5b9a\u671f\u6e05\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7，\u9632\u6b62\u65e5\u5fd7\u8fc7\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u2705 \u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177（\u5982 logrotate）\u5b9a\u671f\u5f52\u6863\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    3. \u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7（General Log）\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n

    3.1 \u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u4f5c\u7528<\/h4>\n
      \n
    • \u8bb0\u5f55 \u6240\u6709 SQL \u8bed\u53e5（\u5305\u62ec SELECT\u3001INSERT\u3001UPDATE\u3001DELETE）\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u9002\u7528\u4e8e \u8c03\u8bd5\u73af\u5883，\u4f46\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u5efa\u8bae\u5f00\u542f（\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      3.2 \u542f\u7528\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h4>\n

      SET<\/span> GLOBAL<\/span> general_log =<\/span> ON<\/span>;<\/span>
      \nSET<\/span> GLOBAL<\/span> general_log_file =<\/span> '\/var\/log\/mysql\/general.log'<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      📌 \u6301\u4e45\u5316\u8bbe\u7f6e（my.cnf）：<\/p>\n

      [<\/span>mysqld]<\/span>
      \ngeneral_log =<\/span> 1<\/span>
      \ngeneral_log_file =<\/span> \/var\/log\/mysql\/general.log<\/p>\n

      3.3 \u5173\u95ed\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7（\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u5efa\u8bae\u5173\u95ed）<\/h4>\n

      SET<\/span> GLOBAL<\/span> general_log =<\/span> OFF<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      📌 \u4f18\u5316\u5efa\u8bae： \u2705 \u4ec5\u5728\u8c03\u8bd5\u9636\u6bb5\u5f00\u542f，\u907f\u514d\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u2705 \u4f7f\u7528 mysqldumpslow \u5206\u6790\u6162\u67e5\u8be2，\u800c\u975e\u5f00\u542f general_log\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n

      4. \u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7（Slow Query Log）\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n

      4.1 \u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\u4f5c\u7528<\/h4>\n
        \n
      • \u8bb0\u5f55 \u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u8d85\u8fc7 long_query_time \u9608\u503c\u7684 SQL，\u7528\u4e8e\u4f18\u5316\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u9002\u7528\u4e8e \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8c03\u4f18\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        4.2 \u542f\u7528\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h4>\n

        SET<\/span> GLOBAL<\/span> slow_query_log =<\/span> ON<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nSET<\/span> GLOBAL<\/span> slow_query_log_file =<\/span> '\/var\/log\/mysql\/slow.log'<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nSET<\/span> GLOBAL<\/span> long_query_time =<\/span> 2<\/span>;<\/span> — \u8d85\u8fc7 2 \u79d2\u8bb0\u5f55<\/span><\/p>\n

        📌 \u6301\u4e45\u5316\u8bbe\u7f6e（my.cnf）：<\/p>\n

        [<\/span>mysqld]<\/span>
        \nslow_query_log =<\/span> 1<\/span>
        \nslow_query_log_file =<\/span> \/var\/log\/mysql\/slow.log
        \nlong_query_time =<\/span> 2<\/span>
        \nlog_queries_not_using_indexes =<\/span> 1<\/span> # \u8bb0\u5f55\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u67e5\u8be2<\/span><\/p>\n

        4.3 \u5206\u6790\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h4>\n

        \u4f7f\u7528 mysqldumpslow \u5de5\u5177\u6c47\u603b\u6162\u67e5\u8be2：<\/p>\n

        mysqldumpslow -s<\/span> c -t<\/span> 10<\/span> \/var\/log\/mysql\/slow.log<\/p>\n

        📌 \u4f18\u5316\u5efa\u8bae： \u2705 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5408\u9002\u7684 long_query_time（\u4e00\u822c 1~2 \u79d2）\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u2705 \u7ed3\u5408 EXPLAIN \u5206\u6790 SQL \u8bed\u53e5，\u4f18\u5316\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u2705 \u907f\u514d Using filesort \u548c Using temporary，\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n

        5. \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7（Binlog）\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n

        5.1 Binlog \u4f5c\u7528<\/h4>\n
          \n
        • \u8bb0\u5f55 \u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u53d8\u66f4（INSERT\u3001UPDATE\u3001DELETE），\u652f\u6301\u6570\u636e\u6062\u590d\u548c\u4e3b\u4ece\u590d\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n
        • Binlog \u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4ece\u590d\u5236\u3001\u6570\u636e\u56de\u6eda\u3001\u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          5.2 \u542f\u7528 Binlog（\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5f00\u542f）<\/h4>\n

          [<\/span>mysqld]<\/span>
          \nlog_bin =<\/span> \/var\/log\/mysql\/binlog
          \nbinlog_format =<\/span> ROW # \u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528 ROW \u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>
          \nexpire_logs_days =<\/span> 7<\/span> # \u8bbe\u7f6e Binlog 7 \u5929\u8fc7\u671f，\u81ea\u52a8\u6e05\u7406<\/span><\/p>\n

          5.3 \u67e5\u770b Binlog \u72b6\u6001<\/h4>\n

          SHOW<\/span> BINARY<\/span> LOGS;<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u793a\u4f8b\u8f93\u51fa：<\/p>\n

          +——————+———–+
          \n|<\/span> Log_name |<\/span> File_size |<\/span>
          \n+——————+———–+
          \n|<\/span> binlog.000001 |<\/span> 105MB |<\/span>
          \n|<\/span> binlog.000002 |<\/span> 200MB |<\/span>
          \n+——————+———–+<\/p>\n

          5.4 \u6e05\u7406\u8fc7\u671f Binlog（\u9632\u6b62\u78c1\u76d8\u5360\u6ee1）<\/h4>\n

          PURGE<\/span> BINARY<\/span> LOGS TO<\/span> 'binlog.000002'<\/span>;<\/span> — \u6e05\u7406 binlog.000002 \u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7<\/span><\/p>\n

          📌 \u4f18\u5316\u5efa\u8bae： \u2705 Binlog \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4ece\u590d\u5236\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6062\u590d，\u4f46\u9700\u63a7\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u2705 \u5efa\u8bae expire_logs_days = 7~14，\u9632\u6b62\u65e5\u5fd7\u65e0\u9650\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n

          \n

          6. \u4e8b\u52a1\u65e5\u5fd7（Redo Log \/ Undo Log）\u4f18\u5316<\/h3>\n

          6.1 Redo Log（\u91cd\u505a\u65e5\u5fd7）\u4f5c\u7528<\/h4>\n
            \n
          • \u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6027（D），\u5373\u4f7f MySQL \u5d29\u6e83\u4e5f\u80fd\u6062\u590d\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u63d0\u9ad8\u5199\u5165\u6027\u80fd，\u4e8b\u52a1\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\u5199\u5165 Redo Log，\u7136\u540e\u518d\u66f4\u65b0\u78c1\u76d8\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            6.2 \u5173\u952e\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u4f18<\/h4>\n

            [<\/span>mysqld]<\/span>
            \ninnodb_log_file_size =<\/span> 512M # Redo Log \u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f（\u9002\u5f53\u8c03\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd）<\/span>
            \ninnodb_log_files_in_group =<\/span> 2<\/span> # Redo Log \u7ec4\u6570<\/span>
            \ninnodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit =<\/span> 1<\/span> # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e8b\u52a1\u63d0\u4ea4\u5237\u76d8\u7b56\u7565<\/span><\/p>\n

            📌 \u4f18\u5316\u5efa\u8bae： \u2705 innodb_log_file_size \u9002\u5f53\u8c03\u5927，\u51cf\u5c11\u78c1\u76d8\u5199\u5165\u6b21\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u2705 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 \u53ef\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd（\u4f46\u5b58\u5728\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u98ce\u9669）\u3002<\/p>\n

            \n

            7. \u7ed3\u8bba<\/h3>\n

            \u2705 \u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7（Error Log）：\u8bb0\u5f55\u5d29\u6e83\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f，\u9700\u5b9a\u671f\u6e05\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u2705 \u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7（General Log）：\u8bb0\u5f55\u6240\u6709 SQL，\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u5efa\u8bae\u5173\u95ed\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u2705 \u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7（Slow Query Log）：\u8bb0\u5f55\u6162 SQL，\u4f18\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u2705 \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7（Binlog）：\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4ece\u590d\u5236\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6062\u590d，\u9700\u63a7\u5236\u65e5\u5fd7\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u2705 Redo Log \/ Undo Log：\u4f18\u5316\u4e8b\u52a1\u63d0\u4ea4，\u63d0\u9ad8 MySQL \u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

            **\u5408\u7406\u4f18\u5316 MySQL \u65e5\u5fd7\u914d\u7f6e，\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6027\u80fd，\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168！**🚀<\/p>\n

            \n

            📌 \u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u60f3\u5206\u4eab？\u6b22\u8fce\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u70b9\u8d5e\u3001\u6536\u85cf\u3001\u5173\u6ce8！ 🎯<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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