{"id":15875,"date":"2025-04-18T22:22:42","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T14:22:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/15875.html"},"modified":"2025-04-18T22:22:42","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T14:22:42","slug":"%e6%90%ad%e5%bb%banfs%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/15875.html","title":{"rendered":"\u642d\u5efaNFS\u670d\u52a1\u5668"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u642d\u5efaNFS\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h2>\n

\u8bb0\u5f55linux\u4e0b\u642d\u5efa\u4f7f\u7528NFS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6b65\u9aa4，\u4ee5ubuntu20.04\u548ccentos7.9\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u5b89\u88c5 NFS \u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h3>\n
  • \n

    \u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5 NFS \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n

    # ubuntu\u4e0b\u5b89\u88c5<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> apt-get<\/span> update
    \nsudo<\/span> apt<\/span> install<\/span> nfs-kernel-server
    \n# \u914d\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> systemctl start nfs-kernel-server
    \nsudo<\/span> systemctl enable<\/span> –now<\/span> nfs-kernel-server
    \nsudo<\/span> systemctl status nfs-kernel-server<\/p>\n

    # centos\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5b89\u88c5<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> yum -y<\/span> update
    \nsudo<\/span> yum install<\/span> nfs-utils# dnf\u5b89\u88c5\u7c7b\u4f3c<\/span>
    \n# \u670d\u52a1\u4e3anfs-server\u6216\u8005nfs<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> systemctl start nfs-server.service
    \nsudo<\/span> systemctl enable<\/span> nfs-server.service
    \nsudo<\/span> systemctl status nfs-server.service<\/p>\n

    # \u786e\u8ba4nfs\u7248\u672c，\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217<\/span>
    \nrpcinfo -p<\/span> |<\/span> grep<\/span> nfs\n <\/li>\n

    \u8bf4\u660e：<\/p>\n

    \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \/etc\/nfs.conf \u627e\u5230 NFS \u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6，\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \/etc\/nfsmount.conf \u627e\u5230\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f，\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u7684 NFS \u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d，\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u662f \/etc\/exports \u7528\u4e8e NFS \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u76ee\u5f55\u8bbe\u7f6e，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f \/etc\/nfs.conf\u3002\u800c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca \/etc\/fstab \u6216\u4f7f\u7528 mount \u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u9009\u9879，\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

    2. \u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u5bfc\u51fa\u5171\u4eab<\/h3>\n

    NFS \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5c06\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u6302\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55，\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u6709 NFS \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

  • \n

    \u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u6302\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u540d\u79f0（\u4f8b\u5982，\/mnt\/nfs）\u3002<\/p>\n

    sudo<\/span> mkdir<\/span> -p<\/span> \/mnt\/nfs\n <\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

    sudo<\/span> chown<\/span> -R<\/span> nobody: \/mnt\/nfs
    \nsudo<\/span> chmod<\/span> -R<\/span> 777<\/span> \/mnt\/nfs\n <\/li>\n

    \u8bf4\u660e：<\/p>\n

    \u5982\u679c\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883，\u5efa\u8bae\u6309\u7167\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e，\u5426\u5219\u6709\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3\u3002<\/p>\n

  • \u914d\u7f6eNFS\u5171\u4eab<\/li>\n

    linux\u4e0bnfs\u5171\u4eab\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/exports\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u914d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5：<\/p>\n

    [\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u76ee\u5f551] [\u4e3b\u673a\u540d1\u6216IP\u5730\u57401(\u53c2\u65701,\u53c2\u65702,…)] [\u4e3b\u673a\u540d2\u6216IP\u5730\u57402(\u53c2\u65701,\u53c2\u65702,…)]<\/p>\n

    [\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u76ee\u5f552] [\u4e3b\u673a\u540d1\u6216IP\u5730\u57401(\u53c2\u65701,\u53c2\u65702,…)] [\u4e3b\u673a\u540d2\u6216IP\u5730\u57402(\u53c2\u65703,\u53c2\u65704,…)]<\/p>\n

    \u7f16\u8f91NFS\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/exports：<\/p>\n

    sudo<\/span> vi<\/span> \/etc\/exports<\/p>\n

    \u5c06\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4fe1\u606f\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d：<\/p>\n

    [<\/span>root@nfs ~]<\/span># cat \/etc\/exports<\/span>
    \n\/mnt\/nfs 10.210<\/span>.0.0\/16(<\/span>rw,sync,no_all_squash,root_squash,no_subtree_check)<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      \/mnt\/nfs: \u5171\u4eab\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      192.168.0.0\/24: \u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f51\u7edc；\u9664\u4e86\u7f51\u6bb5，\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6eip\u6216\u8005\u57df\u540d（client.test.com\u6216\u8005*.test.com），\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528*\u5141\u8bb8\u6240\u6709\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      rw,sync,no_all_squash,root_squash,no_subtree_check:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • rw：\u8868\u793a\u76ee\u5f55\u8bfb\u5199\u6743\u9650，\u5982\u679c\u662fro\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u8bfb\u3002<\/li>\n
      • sync：\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002sync\u8868\u793a\u540c\u6b65\u5199\u5165，\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u540c\u6b65\u5199\u5165\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u786c\u76d8\u4e2d，\u6548\u7387\u4f4e，\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u76f8\u53cd async\u4e3a\u5f02\u6b65\u5199\u5165， \u8868\u793a\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u5148\u6682\u5b58\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d，\u800c\u975e\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5165\u5230\u786c\u76d8\u4e2d，\u6548\u7387\u9ad8，\u4f46\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n
      • all_squash: \u65e0\u8bba\u8bbf\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237 ID (UIDs) \u548c\u7ec4 ID (GIDs) \u6620\u5c04\u4e3a NFS \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u76f8\u540c\u7684 UIDs \u548c GIDs\u3002<\/li>\n
      • no_all_squash: \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5148\u4e0e\u672c\u673a\u7528\u6237\u5339\u914d，\u5339\u914d\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u518d\u6620\u5c04\u4e3a\u533f\u540d\u7528\u6237\u6216\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u3002<\/li>\n
      • root_squash: \u5c06\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefroot\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u533f\u540d\u7684\u7528\u6237 ID (UID)\/\u7ec4 ID (GID)\u3002<\/li>\n
      • no_root_squash：\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u4ee5root\u8eab\u4efd\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u8d4b\u4e88\u672c\u5730root\u6743\u9650，\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669\u8f83\u5927\u3002<\/li>\n
      • no_subtree_check：\u5373\u4f7f\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55，nfs\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u4e0d\u68c0\u67e5\u5176\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650，\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n
      • subtree_check：\u82e5\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55，\u5219nfs\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u68c0\u67e5\u5176\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      • \u5bfc\u51fa\u5171\u4eab\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/li>\n

        \u4f7f\u7528exportfs\u547d\u4ee4\u52a0\u8f7dexports\u914d\u7f6e：<\/p>\n

        sudo<\/span> exportfs -arv<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u6216\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u542f NFS \u670d\u52a1\u5668：<\/p>\n

        # ubuntu<\/span>
        \nsudo<\/span> systemctl restart nfs-kernel-server<\/p>\n

        # centos<\/span>
        \nsystemctl resstart nfs<\/p>\n

        \u67e5\u770bexport\u5217\u8868：<\/p>\n

        root@nfs:~# showmount -e localhost<\/span>
        \nExport list for<\/span> localhost:
        \n\/mnt\/nfs 10.210<\/span>.0.0\/16<\/p>\n

        3. \u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219<\/h3>\n

        # 1. ubuntu\u3002<\/span>
        \n## \u53ef\u4ee5\u5173\u95ed\u9632\u706b\u5899<\/span>
        \n[<\/span>root@nfs ~]<\/span># ufw disable<\/span>
        \nFirewall stopped and disabled on system startup
        \n[<\/span>root@nfs ~]<\/span># ufw status<\/span>
        \nStatus: inactive<\/p>\n

        ## \u6216\u8005ufw\u653e\u884c\u89c4\u5219<\/span>
        \nsudo<\/span> ufw allow nfs
        \nsudo<\/span> ufw allow portmapper
        \nsudo<\/span> ufw reload<\/p>\n

        # 2. centos<\/span>
        \n## \u5173\u95ed\u9632\u706b\u5899<\/span>
        \nsystemctl stop firewalld;<\/span>systemctl disable firewalld<\/p>\n

        ## \u6216\u8005\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219<\/span>
        \nsudo<\/span> firewall-cmd –permanent<\/span> –add-service=<\/span>nfs
        \nsudo<\/span> firewall-cmd –permanent<\/span> –add-service=<\/span>rpc-bind
        \nsudo<\/span> firewall-cmd –permanent<\/span> –add-service=<\/span>mountd
        \nsudo<\/span> firewall-cmd –reload<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u6309\u7167\u7aef\u53e3\u653e\u884c：<\/p>\n

        # nfs\u76f8\u5173\u7aef\u53e3<\/span>
        \n[<\/span>root@nfs ~]<\/span># rpcinfo -p localhost<\/span>
        \n program vers proto port service<\/span>
        \n 100000<\/span> 4<\/span> tcp 111<\/span> portmapper
        \n 100000<\/span> 3<\/span> tcp 111<\/span> portmapper
        \n 100000<\/span> 2<\/span> tcp 111<\/span> portmapper
        \n 100000<\/span> 4<\/span> udp 111<\/span> portmapper
        \n 100000<\/span> 3<\/span> udp 111<\/span> portmapper
        \n 100000<\/span> 2<\/span> udp 111<\/span> portmapper
        \n 100005<\/span> 1<\/span> udp 20048<\/span> mountd
        \n 100005<\/span> 1<\/span> tcp 20048<\/span> mountd
        \n 100005<\/span> 2<\/span> udp 20048<\/span> mountd
        \n 100024<\/span> 1<\/span> udp 48719<\/span> status
        \n 100024<\/span> 1<\/span> tcp 37476<\/span> status
        \n 100005<\/span> 2<\/span> tcp 20048<\/span> mountd
        \n 100005<\/span> 3<\/span> udp 20048<\/span> mountd
        \n 100005<\/span> 3<\/span> tcp 20048<\/span> mountd
        \n 100003<\/span> 3<\/span> tcp 2049<\/span> nfs
        \n 100003<\/span> 4<\/span> tcp 2049<\/span> nfs
        \n 100227<\/span> 3<\/span> tcp 2049<\/span> nfs_acl
        \n 100003<\/span> 3<\/span> udp 2049<\/span> nfs
        \n 100003<\/span> 4<\/span> udp 2049<\/span> nfs
        \n 100227<\/span> 3<\/span> udp 2049<\/span> nfs_acl
        \n 100021<\/span> 1<\/span> udp 53709<\/span> nlockmgr
        \n 100021<\/span> 3<\/span> udp 53709<\/span> nlockmgr
        \n 100021<\/span> 4<\/span> udp 53709<\/span> nlockmgr
        \n 100021<\/span> 1<\/span> tcp 37318<\/span> nlockmgr
        \n 100021<\/span> 3<\/span> tcp 37318<\/span> nlockmgr
        \n 100021<\/span> 4<\/span> tcp 37318<\/span> nlockmgr<\/p>\n

        nfs\u9664\u4e86\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684port111\u30012049\u5916，\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5982rpc.mounted\u7b49\u5f00\u542f\u7684\u4e0d\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3，\u5982\u679c\u6309\u7167\u7aef\u53e3\u914d\u7f6e\u5bf9\u9632\u706b\u5899\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6eNFS\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\/etc\/sysconfig\/nfs，\u5c06\u4e0b\u5217\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u53bb\u6389，\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5219\u6dfb\u52a0：<\/p>\n

        RQUOTAD_PORT<\/span>=<\/span>1001<\/span>
        \nLOCKD_TCPPORT<\/span>=<\/span>30001<\/span>
        \nLOCKD_UDPPORT<\/span>=<\/span>30002<\/span>
        \nMOUNTD_PORT<\/span>=<\/span>1002<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4fdd\u5b58\u540e，\u5c06\u7aef\u53e3\u52a0\u5165\u9632\u62a4\u5899\u653e\u884c：<\/p>\n

        # ufw<\/span>
        \nsudo<\/span> ufw allow proto tcp from any to any port 111<\/span>
        \nsudo<\/span> ufw allow proto udp from any to any port 111<\/span>
        \nsudo<\/span> ufw allow proto tcp from any to any port 2049<\/span>
        \nsudo<\/span> ufw allow proto udp from any to any port 2049<\/span>
        \nsudo<\/span> ufw reload<\/p>\n

        # firewalld<\/span>
        \nfirewall-cmd –zone<\/span>=<\/span>public –add-port=<\/span>111<\/span>\/tcp –add-port=<\/span>111<\/span>\/udp –add-port=<\/span>2049<\/span>\/tcp –add-port=<\/span>2049<\/span>\/udp –add-port=<\/span>1001<\/span>\/tcp –add-port=<\/span>1001<\/span>\/udp –add-port=<\/span>1002<\/span>\/tcp –add-port=<\/span>1002<\/span>\/udp –add-port=<\/span>30001<\/span>\/tcp –add-port=<\/span>30002<\/span>\/udp –permanent<\/span>
        \nfirewall-cmd –reload<\/span><\/p>\n

        4. \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6302\u8f7d\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h3>\n

        nfs\u6302\u8f7d\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5nfs\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef：<\/p>\n

        # ubuntu<\/span>
        \nsudo<\/span> apt-get<\/span> install<\/span> nfs-common<\/p>\n

        # centos<\/span>
        \nyum -y<\/span> install<\/span> nfs-utils# dnf\u5b89\u88c5\u7c7b\u4f3c<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u6267\u884c\u6302\u8f7d\u547d\u4ee4：<\/p>\n

        # \u67e5\u770bnfs\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/span>
        \n[<\/span>root@client ~]<\/span># showmount -e 10.210.10.209<\/span>
        \nExport list for<\/span> 10.210<\/span>.10.209:
        \n\/mnt\/nfs 10.210<\/span>.0.0\/16<\/p>\n

        # \u6302\u8f7d\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u4e0b<\/span>
        \nmount<\/span> -t<\/span> nfs <<\/span>nfs-server-ip><\/span>:\/exports-dir \/local-dir<\/p>\n

        [<\/span>root@client:~]<\/span># mkdir -p \/mnt\/nfs<\/span>
        \n# -t\u914d\u7f6efs\u7c7b\u578b，\u8bbe\u7f6enfs\u6216\u8005nfs4<\/span>
        \n[<\/span>root@client:~]<\/span># mount -t nfs 10.210.10.209:\/mnt\/nfs \/mnt\/nfs<\/span>
        \n[<\/span>root@client ~]<\/span># sudo mount | grep -i nfs<\/span>
        \n10.210<\/span>.10.209:\/mnt\/nfs on \/mnt\/nfs type<\/span> nfs4 (<\/span>rw,relatime,vers=<\/span>4.1<\/span>,rsize=<\/span>1048576<\/span>,wsize=<\/span>1048576<\/span>,namlen=<\/span>255<\/span>,hard,proto=<\/span>tcp,timeo=<\/span>600<\/span>,retrans=<\/span>2<\/span>,sec=<\/span>sys,clientaddr=<\/span>10.210<\/span>.10.220,local_lock=<\/span>none,addr=<\/span>10.210<\/span>.10.209)<\/span><\/p>\n

        # \u6d4b\u8bd5\u8bfb\u5199<\/span>
        \n[<\/span>root@client ~]<\/span># cd \/mnt\/nfs<\/span>
        \n[<\/span>root@dns nfs]<\/span># echo aaa > test.txt<\/span>
        \n[<\/span>root@dns nfs]<\/span># cat test.txt<\/span>
        \naaa<\/p>\n

        \u914d\u7f6e\u91cd\u542f\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d：<\/p>\n

        [<\/span>root@client ~]<\/span># cat \/etc\/fstab<\/span>
        \n..<\/span>.
        \n10.210<\/span>.10.209:\/mnt\/nfs \/mnt\/nfs nfs defaults,_netdev 0<\/span> 0<\/span>
        \n[<\/span>root@client ~]<\/span># mount -a<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u8bf4\u660e：<\/p>\n

      • \u53c2\u6570_netdev\u8868\u793a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u52a0\u8f7d，\u7b49\u5f85\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u518d\u6302\u8f7d\u3002<\/li>\n

        5. \u76f8\u5173\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n

        # \u67e5\u770bnfs\u7248\u672c\u53ca\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e<\/span>
        \nnfsstat -s<\/span># \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>
        \nnfsstat -c<\/span># \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n

        6. \u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6599<\/h3>\n
      • How to configure NFS on Linux – Linux Tutorials – Learn Linux Configuration<\/li>\n
      • Learning NFS through server and client configuration | Enable Sysadmin (redhat.com)\u3001<\/li>\n
      • \u7b2c 4 \u7ae0 \u6302\u8f7d NFS \u5171\u4eab | Red Hat Product Documentation<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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