{"id":13960,"date":"2025-04-18T20:48:24","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T12:48:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/13960.html"},"modified":"2025-04-18T20:48:24","modified_gmt":"2025-04-18T12:48:24","slug":"%e5%9c%a8-linux-%e4%b8%8a%e4%bf%9d%e6%8a%a4-ssh-%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5%e7%9a%8415%e7%a7%8d%e6%8e%aa%e6%96%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/13960.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5728 Linux \u4e0a\u4fdd\u62a4 SSH \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u768415\u79cd\u63aa\u65bd"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728 Linux \u4e0a\u4fdd\u62a4 SSH \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u768415\u79cd\u63aa\u65bd<\/h2>\n

SSH（Secure Shell）\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u534f\u8bae，\u7528\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1 SSH \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027，\u4f46\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5404\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669，\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4 SSH \u670d\u52a1\u5668，\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u51e0\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u7981\u7528 Root \u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55<\/h3>\n

\u7981\u7528 root \u7528\u6237\u7684 SSH \u8bbf\u95ee\u662f\u589e\u5f3a\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9996\u5148\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7834\u89e3 root \u5bc6\u7801，\u56e0\u6b64\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u9650\u7684\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u662f\u660e\u667a\u4e4b\u4e3e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/h4>\n
  • \n

    \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u8d4b\u4e88\u5176 sudo \u6743\u9650：<\/p>\n

    sudo<\/span> useradd<\/span> -m exampleroot
    \nsudo<\/span> passwd<\/span> exampleroot
    \nsudo<\/span> usermod<\/span> -aG sudo<\/span> exampleroot\n <\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u4fee\u6539 SSH \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config，\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9：<\/p>\n

    PermitRootLogin no
    \nAllowUsers exampleroot\n <\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u91cd\u542f SSH \u670d\u52a1：<\/p>\n

    sudo<\/span> systemctl restart sshd\n <\/li>\n

    2. \u66f4\u6539\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3<\/h3>\n

    \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 SSH \u8fde\u63a5\u7aef\u53e3\u662f 22，\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u8fdb\u884c\u626b\u63cf\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u6539 SSH \u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7，\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u53d7\u5230\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/h4>\n
  • \n

    \u6253\u5f00 \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config \u6587\u4ef6，\u627e\u5230\u5e76\u66f4\u6539\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7：<\/p>\n

    Port 22099<\/span>\n <\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u91cd\u542f SSH \u670d\u52a1\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u66f4\u6539：<\/p>\n

    sudo<\/span> systemctl restart sshd\n <\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u786e\u4fdd\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5141\u8bb8\u65b0\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u901a\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    3. \u7981\u6b62\u7a7a\u5bc6\u7801\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee<\/h3>\n

    \u7a7a\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5229\u7528\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7981\u6b62\u7a7a\u5bc6\u7801\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/h4>\n
  • \n

    \u5728 \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config \u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u884c：<\/p>\n

    PermitEmptyPasswords no\n <\/li>\n

    4. \u9650\u5236\u767b\u5f55\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6b21\u6570<\/h3>\n

    \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，SSH \u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u6b21\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u3002\u5982\u679c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5c1d\u8bd5\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3，\u9650\u5236\u767b\u5f55\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6b21\u6570\u5c06\u6709\u6548\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/h4>\n
  • \n

    \u4fee\u6539 \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config \u6587\u4ef6，\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u884c：<\/p>\n

    MaxAuthTries 3<\/span>\n <\/li>\n

    5. \u4f7f\u7528 SSH \u7248\u672c 2<\/h3>\n

    SSH \u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u6bd4\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ea\u63a5\u53d7 SSH \u7248\u672c 2 \u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/h4>\n
  • \n

    \u5728 \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u884c：<\/p>\n

    Protocol 2<\/span>\n <\/li>\n

    6. \u5173\u95ed TCP \u7aef\u53e3\u8f6c\u53d1\u548c X11 \u8f6c\u53d1<\/h3>\n

    \u5173\u95ed TCP \u7aef\u53e3\u8f6c\u53d1\u548c X11 \u8f6c\u53d1\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5229\u7528 SSH \u8fde\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/h4>\n
  • \n

    \u5728 \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u884c：<\/p>\n

    AllowTcpForwarding no
    \nX11Forwarding no\n <\/li>\n

    7. \u4f7f\u7528 SSH \u5bc6\u94a5\u8fde\u63a5<\/h3>\n

    \u4f7f\u7528 SSH \u5bc6\u94a5\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bc6\u7801\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002SSH \u5bc6\u94a5\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u94a5\u548c\u79c1\u94a5，\u516c\u94a5\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a，\u79c1\u94a5\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/h4>\n
  • \n

    \u751f\u6210 SSH \u5bc6\u94a5：<\/p>\n

    ssh-keygen\n <\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u5c06\u516c\u94a5\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668：<\/p>\n

    ssh-copy-id exampleroot@your_server_ip\n <\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u5728 \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7981\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1：<\/p>\n

    PasswordAuthentication no\n <\/li>\n

    8. \u9650\u5236 SSH \u8fde\u63a5\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740<\/h3>\n

    \u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u7279\u5b9a IP \u5730\u5740\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \/etc\/hosts.allow \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u5141\u8bb8\u548c\u62d2\u7edd\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/h4>\n
  • \n

    \u7f16\u8f91 \/etc\/hosts.allow \u6587\u4ef6，\u6dfb\u52a0\u5141\u8bb8\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740：<\/p>\n

    sshd: 192.168<\/span>.1.0\/255.255.255.0\n <\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u7f16\u8f91 \/etc\/hosts.deny \u6587\u4ef6，\u62d2\u7edd\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6 IP \u5730\u5740：<\/p>\n

    sshd: ALL\n <\/li>\n

    9. \u4f7f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899<\/h3>\n

    \u4f7f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u5899（\u5982 iptables \u6216 ufw）\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u9650\u5236\u5bf9 SSH \u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u89c4\u5219，\u4ec5\u5141\u8bb8\u7279\u5b9a IP \u5730\u5740\u6216 IP \u8303\u56f4\u8bbf\u95ee SSH \u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/h4>\n
      \n
    • \n

      \u4f7f\u7528 ufw（\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899）：<\/p>\n

      sudo<\/span> ufw allow from 192.168<\/span>.1.0\/24 to any port 22099<\/span>
      \nsudo<\/span> ufw enable<\/span>\n <\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u4f7f\u7528 iptables：<\/p>\n

      sudo<\/span> iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s 192.168<\/span>.1.0\/24 –dport 22099<\/span> -j ACCEPT
      \nsudo<\/span> iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 22099<\/span> -j DROP\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      10. \u76d1\u63a7\u767b\u5f55\u5c1d\u8bd5<\/h3>\n

      \u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177（\u5982 fail2ban）\u76d1\u63a7 SSH \u767b\u5f55\u5c1d\u8bd5，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u591a\u6b21\u5931\u8d25\u5c1d\u8bd5\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u963b\u6b62\u8be5 IP \u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/h4>\n
    • \n

      \u5b89\u88c5 fail2ban：<\/p>\n

      sudo<\/span> apt-get<\/span> install<\/span> fail2ban\n <\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u914d\u7f6e \/etc\/fail2ban\/jail.local，\u542f\u7528 SSH \u76d1\u63a7：<\/p>\n

      [sshd]
      \nenabled = true
      \nmaxretry = 3
      \nbantime = 600\n <\/li>\n

      11. \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u8ba4\u8bc1 (MFA)<\/h3>\n

      \u542f\u7528\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u8ba4\u8bc1\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u5c42\u5b89\u5168\u6027，\u5373\u4f7f\u5bc6\u7801\u88ab\u6cc4\u9732，\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 SSH \u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/h4>\n
    • \n

      \u5b89\u88c5 libpam-google-authenticator：<\/p>\n

      sudo<\/span> apt-get<\/span> install<\/span> libpam-google-authenticator\n <\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u5728\u7528\u6237\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c google-authenticator \u547d\u4ee4，\u6839\u636e\u63d0\u793a\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u4fee\u6539 \/etc\/pam.d\/sshd \u6587\u4ef6，\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u884c：<\/p>\n

      auth required pam_google_authenticator.so\n <\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u5728 \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config \u4e2d\u786e\u4fdd ChallengeResponseAuthentication \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a yes：<\/p>\n

      ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes<\/span>\n <\/li>\n

      12. \u5b9a\u671f\u5ba1\u8ba1\u548c\u66f4\u65b0<\/h3>\n

      \u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u67e5 SSH \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6，\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u548c\u6743\u9650，\u786e\u4fdd\u6ca1\u6709\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u6216\u8fc7\u671f\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002\u540c\u65f6，\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c SSH \u8f6f\u4ef6，\u4ee5\u4fee\u590d\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/h4>\n
        \n
      • \n

        \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u66f4\u65b0\u7cfb\u7edf：<\/p>\n

        sudo<\/span> apt-get<\/span> update
        \nsudo<\/span> apt-get<\/span> upgrade\n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        13. \u7981\u7528 IPv6（\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981）<\/h3>\n

        \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528 IPv6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u7981\u7528\u5b83，\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/h4>\n
      • \n

        \u7f16\u8f91 \/etc\/sysctl.conf \u6587\u4ef6，\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u884c：<\/p>\n

        net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 =<\/span> 1<\/span>
        \nnet.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 =<\/span> 1<\/span>\n <\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u5e94\u7528\u66f4\u6539：<\/p>\n

        sudo<\/span> sysctl -p\n <\/li>\n

        14. \u4f7f\u7528 SSH \u4ee3\u7406<\/h3>\n

        SSH \u4ee3\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u4f60\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u5e76\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u4f7f\u7528，\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/h4>\n
      • \n

        \u542f\u52a8 SSH \u4ee3\u7406：<\/p>\n

        eval<\/span> "$(<\/span>ssh-agent -s)<\/span><\/span>"<\/span>\n <\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u6dfb\u52a0\u79c1\u94a5：<\/p>\n

        ssh-add ~\/.ssh\/id_rsa\n <\/li>\n

        15. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u767b\u5f55\u901a\u77e5<\/h3>\n

        \u4f7f\u7528\u90ae\u4ef6\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u901a\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf，\u5f53\u6709\u65b0\u7684 SSH \u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u63a5\u6536\u901a\u77e5，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u53ef\u7591\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4：<\/h4>\n
      • \u5728 \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u542f\u7528 PermitRootLogin no \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u4f7f\u7528 auditd \u6216 syslog \u76d1\u63a7\u767b\u5f55\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n

        \u7ed3\u8bba<\/h3>\n

        \u4fdd\u62a4 SSH \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u804c\u8d23\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63aa\u65bd，\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u98ce\u9669，\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u5b9a\u671f\u5ba1\u67e5\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u914d\u7f6e\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u5b89\u5168\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408\u4e0a\u8ff0\u591a\u79cd\u63aa\u65bd，\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8 SSH \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027，\u964d\u4f4e\u906d\u53d7\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u8b66\u60d5，\u5e76\u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565，\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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