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（\u4e00）Python \u73af\u5883\u642d\u5efa\u200b<\/p>\n
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\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\u540e，\u6253\u5f00\u547d\u4ee4\u884c（Windows \u4e0b\u6309Win+R，\u8f93\u5165cmd\u5e76\u56de\u8f66；Mac OS \u4e0b\u6253\u5f00 \u201c\u7ec8\u7aef\u201d），\u8f93\u5165python –version，\u5982\u679c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4f60\u5b89\u88c5\u7684 Python \u7248\u672c\u53f7，\u606d\u559c\u4f60，Python \u73af\u5883\u642d\u5efa\u6210\u529f！\u200b<\/p>\n
\u62e5\u6709\u4e86 Python \u73af\u5883，\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6b3e\u79f0\u624b\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u5177，\u5c31\u50cf\u6218\u58eb\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u628a\u950b\u5229\u7684\u5b9d\u5251\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u6b3e\u5de5\u5177\u5728 Python \u722c\u866b\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u5907\u53d7\u9752\u7750：\u200b<\/p>\n
PyCharm \u662f\u7531 JetBrains \u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u4e00\u6b3e\u4e13\u95e8\u9488\u5bf9 Python \u7684\u96c6\u6210\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883（IDE），\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u5230\u8d85\u4e4e\u60f3\u8c61，\u582a\u79f0 Python \u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684 \u201c\u745e\u58eb\u519b\u5200\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u62e5\u6709\u667a\u80fd\u4ee3\u7801\u8865\u5168\u529f\u80fd，\u5f53\u4f60\u8f93\u5165\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6，\u5b83\u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u793a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5，\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7f16\u7801\u6548\u7387，\u5c31\u50cf\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d34\u5fc3\u7684\u5c0f\u52a9\u624b\u5728\u65c1\u8fb9\u968f\u65f6\u63d0\u9192\u4f60\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6bd4\u5982，\u5f53\u4f60\u8f93\u5165requests.ge，\u5b83\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u63d0\u793arequests.get\u65b9\u6cd5，\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u6309\u4e0b\u56de\u8f66\u952e\u5c31\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u5b8c\u6210\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
\u5b83\u8fd8\u5177\u5907\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5728\u8c03\u8bd5\u722c\u866b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6，\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65ad\u70b9，\u9010\u884c\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801，\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6d41\u7a0b，\u8f7b\u677e\u627e\u51fa\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u800c\u4e14，PyCharm \u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd Python \u6846\u67b6\u548c\u5e93，\u5bf9\u4e8e\u722c\u866b\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684requests\u3001BeautifulSoup\u7b49\u5e93\u90fd\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u652f\u6301，\u8ba9\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u7f1d\u96c6\u6210\u5404\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u6b64\u5916，\u5b83\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u5e02\u573a，\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5b89\u88c5\u5404\u79cd\u63d2\u4ef6，\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5c55\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
PyCharm \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5f00\u53d1，\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5c0f\u578b\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u722c\u866b\u9879\u76ee，\u8fd8\u662f\u5927\u578b\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u7cfb\u7edf，\u5b83\u90fd\u80fd\u6e38\u5203\u6709\u4f59\u5730\u5e94\u5bf9\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u6765\u8bf4，\u5b83\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u754c\u9762\u548c\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f\u4e5f\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u5feb\u901f\u4e0a\u624b\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
Jupyter Notebook \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5883，\u5b83\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c55\u793a\u4ee3\u7801\u548c\u7ed3\u679c，\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65f6\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u3002\u5728 Jupyter Notebook \u4e2d，\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u6587\u672c\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u516c\u5f0f\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u4e2d，\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u884c\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801，\u7acb\u5373\u770b\u5230\u7ed3\u679c，\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u5feb\u901f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u60f3\u6cd5\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316，\u4ee5\u53ca\u6559\u5b66\u6f14\u793a\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982，\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u722c\u866b\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6，\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u5728 Jupyter Notebook \u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7f51\u9875\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f，\u7136\u540e\u9010\u6b65\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee3\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u63d0\u53d6，\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u80fd\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u6765，\u65b9\u4fbf\u4f60\u968f\u65f6\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00，\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u8fdb\u884c Python \u7f16\u7a0b\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
Jupyter Notebook \u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u9886\u57df\u7684\u9879\u76ee，\u4ee5\u53ca\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u63a2\u7d22\u6027\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5206\u4eab\u548c\u534f\u4f5c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927，\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a Notebook \u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u4eab\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eba，\u4ed6\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6253\u5f00\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c，\u65b9\u4fbf\u56e2\u961f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
Python \u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u5404\u79cd\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5e93，\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u6765\u8bf4，\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e93\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684 \u201c\u79d8\u5bc6\u6b66\u5668\u201d：\u200b<\/p>\n
requests \u5e93\u662f Python \u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93，\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u53d8\u5f97\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u4f18\u96c5\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83，\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u53d1\u9001\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684 HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42，\u5982 GET\u3001POST\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE \u7b49，\u5c31\u50cf\u7ed9\u7f51\u9875\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u5c01\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\u4e00\u6837\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u4f7f\u7528requests.get(url)\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u6307\u5b9a\u7684url\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a GET \u8bf7\u6c42，\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u5185\u5bb9，\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
url = 'https:\/\/www.example.com'
\nresponse = requests.get(url)
\nif response.status_code == 200:
\n print(response.text)
\nelse:
\n print(f"\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25，\u72b6\u6001\u7801：{response.status_code}")<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5 requests \u5e93\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355，\u6253\u5f00\u547d\u4ee4\u884c，\u8f93\u5165pip install requests\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u8f83\u6162，\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e0b\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4，\u6bd4\u5982pip –default-timeout=100 install requests \u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
BeautifulSoup4（\u7b80\u79f0bs4）\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790 HTML \u548c XML \u6587\u6863\u7684\u5e93，\u5b83\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u628a\u795e\u5947\u7684\u624b\u672f\u5200，\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u7ed3\u6784\u89e3\u6790\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6613\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784，\u8ba9\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6bd4\u5982，\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u94fe\u63a5\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7b49\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b，\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup4\u89e3\u6790 HTML \u6587\u6863\u5e76\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u94fe\u63a5：<\/p>\n
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
html = """
\n<html>
\n<head>
\n <title>\u793a\u4f8b\u7f51\u9875<\/title>
\n<\/head>
\n<body>
\n <a href="https:\/\/www.example1.com">\u94fe\u63a51<\/a>
\n <a href="https:\/\/www.example2.com">\u94fe\u63a52<\/a>
\n<\/body>
\n<\/html>
\n"""<\/p>\n
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
\nlinks = soup.find_all('a')
\nfor link in links:
\n print(link.get('href'))<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5BeautifulSoup4\u5e93\u540c\u6837\u4f7f\u7528 pip \u547d\u4ee4：pip install beautifulsoup4 \u3002\u6b64\u5916，\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u5668，\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u6709lxml\u548chtml.parser，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7pip install lxml\u6216pip install html.parser\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
Scrapy \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6，\u5b83\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u722c\u866b\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848，\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c5\u5907\u7cbe\u826f\u7684\u6218\u6597\u56e2\u961f，\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u5927\u578b\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7684\u722c\u866b\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002Scrapy \u5177\u6709\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u722c\u53d6\u7684\u80fd\u529b，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u591a\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6，\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u722c\u53d6\u6548\u7387；\u5b83\u8fd8\u81ea\u5e26\u4e86\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u961f\u5217\u3001\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u673a\u5236\u7b49\u529f\u80fd，\u4f7f\u5f97\u722c\u866b\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u66f4\u52a0\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 Scrapy \u6846\u67b6，\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u722c\u866b\u7c7b，\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u722c\u53d6\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u89c4\u5219\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 Scrapy \u722c\u866b\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
import scrapy<\/p>\n
class ExampleSpider(scrapy.Spider):
\n name = 'example'
\n start_urls = [
\n 'https:\/\/www.example.com',
\n ]<\/p>\n
def parse(self, response):
\n for item in response.css('div.item'):
\n yield {
\n 'title': item.css('h2.title::text').get(),
\n 'link': item.css('a::attr(href)').get(),
\n }<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5 Scrapy \u6846\u67b6：pip install scrapy \u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
Selenium \u5e93\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5，\u4f46\u5728\u722c\u866b\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u6709\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5982\u70b9\u51fb\u6309\u94ae\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u672c\u3001\u6eda\u52a8\u9875\u9762\u7b49，\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u4ea4\u4e92\u624d\u80fd\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002\u6bd4\u5982，\u6709\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 JavaScript \u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684，\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684\u722c\u866b\u5e93\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u83b7\u53d6，\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9 Selenium \u5e93\u6765\u9a71\u52a8\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668，\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c，\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 Selenium \u5e93\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5b89\u88c5\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8，\u4f8b\u5982 Chrome \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9700\u8981\u4e0b\u8f7d ChromeDriver\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 Selenium \u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u6807\u9898\u7684\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n
from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
\ndriver.get('https:\/\/www.example.com')
\nprint(driver.title)
\ndriver.quit()<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5 Selenium \u5e93：pip install selenium \u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u722c\u866b\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u65f6，\u9996\u5148\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42，\u8fd9\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u670b\u53cb\u5bb6\u62dc\u8bbf，\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6572\u6572\u95e8\u8be2\u95ee\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165\u3002\u722c\u866b\u901a\u8fc7 HTTP \u534f\u8bae\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42，\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4fe1\u606f，\u5982\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7f51\u5740（URL）\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5（GET\u3001POST \u7b49）\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934（Headers）\u7b49 \u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e2d，URL \u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u670b\u53cb\u5bb6\u7684\u5730\u5740，\u660e\u786e\u544a\u8bc9\u722c\u866b\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u54ea\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875；\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4f55\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668 \u201c\u4ea4\u6d41\u201d，GET \u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f，\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8be2\u95ee\u670b\u53cb\u5bb6\u91cc\u7684\u60c5\u51b5；POST \u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u5e26\u7740\u793c\u7269\u53bb\u670b\u53cb\u5bb6，\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e，\u6bd4\u5982\u767b\u5f55\u8868\u5355\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u7b49\u3002\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u5219\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u4fe1\u606f，\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49，\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u670b\u53cb\u5bb6\u65f6\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4ecb\u7ecd，\u8ba9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730 \u201c\u4e86\u89e3\u201d \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001 GET \u8bf7\u6c42\u4e3a\u4f8b，\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
url = 'https:\/\/www.example.com'
\nheaders = {
\n 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/91.0.4472.124 Safari\/537.36'
\n}
\nresponse = requests.get(url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684url，\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86headers，\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a Chrome \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934，\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528requests.get()\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fd4\u56de\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u722c\u866b\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406，\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u54cd\u5e94（Response）\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u54cd\u5e94\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u670b\u53cb\u4ece\u623f\u95f4\u91cc\u9012\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e1c\u897f，\u91cc\u9762\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f HTML \u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u672c，\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u623f\u5c4b\u5e03\u5c40\u56fe，\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5c55\u793a\u5185\u5bb9；\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f JSON \u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u6e05\u5355，\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7740\u6570\u636e；\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e，\u6bd4\u5982\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u7b49，\u5c31\u50cf\u670b\u53cb\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u4f53\u7269\u54c1\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
\u5728 Python \u4e2d，\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7response\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u901a\u8fc7response.status_code\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801，200 \u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f，\u5c31\u50cf\u670b\u53cb\u6109\u5feb\u5730\u5f00\u95e8\u8fce\u63a5\u6211\u4eec；404 \u8868\u793a\u9875\u9762\u672a\u627e\u5230，\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u9519\u4e86\u5730\u5740；500 \u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5185\u90e8\u9519\u8bef，\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u670b\u53cb\u5bb6\u91cc\u51fa\u4e86\u70b9\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7response.text\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9（\u5982\u679c\u662f HTML \u9875\u9762，\u5c31\u662f\u9875\u9762\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801），\u901a\u8fc7response.json()\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 JSON \u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u89e3\u6790\u4e3a Python \u7684\u5b57\u5178\u6216\u5217\u8868\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u5224\u65ad\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
url = 'https:\/\/www.example.com'
\nresponse = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
if response.status_code == 200:
\n print("\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f，\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b：")
\n print(response.text)
\nelse:
\n print(f"\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25，\u72b6\u6001\u7801：{response.status_code}")<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u540e，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u8fd9\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u4ece\u670b\u53cb\u7ed9\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u91cc\u6311\u9009\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u3002\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5，\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6709\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3001BeautifulSoup\u3001XPath \u7b49\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
1.\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f：\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5339\u914d\u5de5\u5177，\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u65f6，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6765\u5339\u914d HTML \u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\u8981\u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u94fe\u63a5，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3cr'href=["\\\\'](.*?)["\\\\']'\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7，\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u76f8\u5bf9\u590d\u6742，\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u7ed3\u6784，\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u56f0\u96be，\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u5806\u6742\u4e71\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f，\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u8d39\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc3\u601d\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n
import re
\nimport requests<\/p>\n
url = 'https:\/\/www.example.com'
\nresponse = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
if response.status_code == 200:
\n pattern = re.compile(r'href=["\\\\'](.*?)["\\\\']')
\n links = pattern.findall(response.text)
\n for link in links:
\n print(link)
\nelse:
\n print(f"\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25，\u72b6\u6001\u7801：{response.status_code}")<\/p>\n
2.BeautifulSoup：BeautifulSoup \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790 HTML \u548c XML \u6587\u6863\u7684\u5e93，\u5b83\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6587\u6863\u7ed3\u6784\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6613\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784，\u5c31\u50cf\u628a\u4e00\u5806\u6742\u4e71\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u6574\u7406\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u8d27\u67b6，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u4ece\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 BeautifulSoup，\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u7b7e\u540d\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6bd4\u5982，\u4f7f\u7528soup.find_all('a')\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684<a>\u6807\u7b7e，\u5373\u94fe\u63a5\u6807\u7b7e；\u4f7f\u7528soup.find('div', class_='content')\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230 class \u4e3acontent\u7684<div>\u6807\u7b7e，\u63d0\u53d6\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 BeautifulSoup \u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
\nimport requests<\/p>\n
url = 'https:\/\/www.example.com'
\nresponse = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
if response.status_code == 200:
\n soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
\n links = soup.find_all('a')
\n for link in links:
\n print(link.get('href'))
\nelse:
\n print(f"\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25，\u72b6\u6001\u7801：{response.status_code}")<\/p>\n
3.XPath：XPath \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5728 XML \u548c HTML \u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8bed\u8a00，\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u8def\u5f84\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6765\u9009\u53d6\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20，\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u901a\u8fc7\u5750\u6807\u6765\u627e\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982，\/\/a\u8868\u793a\u9009\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7684<a>\u6807\u7b7e，\/\/div[@class='content']\u8868\u793a\u9009\u53d6 class \u4e3acontent\u7684<div>\u6807\u7b7e\u3002XPath \u5728\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u7ed3\u6784\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927，\u80fd\u591f\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8282\u70b9 \u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 XPath \u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n
from lxml import etree
\nimport requests<\/p>\n
url = 'https:\/\/www.example.com'
\nresponse = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
if response.status_code == 200:
\n html = etree.HTML(response.text)
\n links = html.xpath('\/\/a\/@href')
\n for link in links:
\n print(link)
\nelse:
\n print(f"\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25，\u72b6\u6001\u7801：{response.status_code}")<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u6790\u51fa\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u540e，\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u8d77\u6765，\u4ee5\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528，\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u628a\u6311\u9009\u597d\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u59a5\u5584\u5b58\u653e\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u591a\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f，\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6709\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u3001CSV \u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7b49\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
1.\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6：\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f，\u9002\u5408\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u6bd4\u5982\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u6807\u9898\u3001\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u7b49\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 Python \u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570open()\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6，\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528write()\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5c06\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u6807\u9898\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
\nimport requests<\/p>\n
url = 'https:\/\/www.example.com'
\nresponse = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
if response.status_code == 200:
\n soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
\n title = soup.title.string<\/p>\n
with open('title.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
\n f.write(title)
\nelse:
\n print(f"\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25，\u72b6\u6001\u7801：{response.status_code}")<\/p>\n
2.\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a CSV \u6587\u4ef6：CSV（Comma-Separated Values）\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8868\u683c\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f，\u9002\u5408\u4fdd\u5b58\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e，\u6bd4\u5982\u4ece\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u5217\u8868\u3001\u65b0\u95fb\u5217\u8868\u7b49\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 Python \u7684csv\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a CSV \u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5c06\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a CSV \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n
import csv
\nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup
\nimport requests<\/p>\n
url = 'https:\/\/www.example.com\/products'
\nresponse = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
if response.status_code == 200:
\n soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
\n products = []<\/p>\n
for product in soup.find_all('div', class_='product'):
\n name = product.find('h2', class_='product-name').text.strip()
\n price = product.find('span', class_='product-price').text.strip()
\n products.append([name, price])<\/p>\n
with open('products.csv', 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as f:
\n writer = csv.writer(f)
\n writer.writerow(['\u5546\u54c1\u540d\u79f0', '\u4ef7\u683c'])
\n writer.writerows(products)
\nelse:
\n print(f"\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25，\u72b6\u6001\u7801：{response.status_code}")<\/p>\n
3.\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93：\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\u6216\u8005\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u7ba1\u7406，\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6709 MySQL\u3001MongoDB \u7b49\u3002\u4ee5 MySQL \u4e3a\u4f8b，\u4f7f\u7528pymysql\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fde\u63a5 MySQL \u6570\u636e\u5e93，\u5e76\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u200b<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5c06\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8bc4\u8bba\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230 MySQL \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801：<\/p>\n
import pymysql
\nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup
\nimport requests<\/p>\n
url = 'https:\/\/www.example.com\/comments'
\nresponse = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
if response.status_code == 200:
\n soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
\n comments = []<\/p>\n
for comment in soup.find_all('div', class_='comment'):
\n author = comment.find('span', class_='comment-author').text.strip()
\n content = comment.find('p', class_='comment-content').text.strip()
\n comments.append((author, content))<\/p>\n
conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', password='password', database='test')
\n cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
for comment in comments:
\n sql = "INSERT INTO comments (author, content) VALUES (%s, %s)"
\n cursor.execute(sql, comment)<\/p>\n
conn.commit()
\n cursor.close()
\n conn.close()
\nelse:
\n print(f"\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25，\u72b6\u6001\u7801：{response.status_code}")<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u6587\u7ae0\u6d4f\u89c8\u9605\u8bfb1.2w\u6b21\uff0c\u70b9\u8d5e303\u6b21\uff0c\u6536\u85cf434\u6b21\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u76f8\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u5806\u6742\u4e71\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u8d39\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc3\u601d\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0cPython \u62e5\u6709\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u793e\u533a\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u722c\u866b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u5728\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u501f\u9274\u5176\u4ed6\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u5177\u5907\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u901a\u8fc7 JavaScript \u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684\u722c\u866b\u5e93\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9 Selenium \u5e93\u6765\u9a71\u52a8\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002_pycharm\u722c\u866b\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e93<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[81],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-12802","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-server","tag-python"],"yoast_head":"\n