{"id":123965,"date":"2026-11-08T15:01:17","date_gmt":"2026-11-08T07:01:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/123965.html"},"modified":"2026-11-08T15:01:17","modified_gmt":"2026-11-08T07:01:17","slug":"%e3%80%90linux-%e4%bf%ae%e7%82%bc%e5%bd%95%e3%80%91%e5%91%8a%e5%88%ab-permission-denied%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%80%e6%96%87%e8%ae%b2%e9%80%8f-linux-%e6%9d%83%e9%99%90%e4%bd%93%e7%b3%bb%e4%b8%8e%e5%ba%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/123965.html","title":{"rendered":"\u3010Linux \u4fee\u70bc\u5f55\u3011\u544a\u522b Permission denied\uff1a\u4e00\u6587\u8bb2\u900f Linux \u6743\u9650\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0e\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91"},"content":{"rendered":"

\/* MD \/ \u5bcc\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684 .toc\uff08\u542b\u535a\u5ba2\u56ed\u642c\u5bb6\u7b49\u5d4c\u5957\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\uff1b.toc-box \u5728\u4fa7\u680f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd *\/
\n #content_views .toc,
\n \/* \u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u5e38\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u524d\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u7a7a p\uff08:empty \u4ecd\u5360 20px\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u5e76\u53bb\u6389\u907f\u514d\u9876\u7a7a\u9699 *\/
\n #content_views.markdown_views > p:empty:has(+ .toc),
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + p:empty,
\n \/* \u5bcc\u6587\u672c\u65e7\u7248\u76ee\u5f55\u6807\u8bb0 *\/
\n #content_views.htmledit_views #main-toc,
\n #content_views.htmledit_views #hr-toc,
\n #content_views.htmledit_views p[id*=\\”-toc\\”] {
\n display: none !important;
\n }
\n \/* \u76ee\u5f55\u53bb\u6389\u540e\uff0c\u7d27\u8ddf\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u6807\u9898\u4e0d\u518d\u591a\u51fa\u4e00\u5757\u4e0a\u8fb9\u8ddd *\/
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + h1,
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + h2,
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + h3,
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + h4,
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + p:empty + h1,
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + p:empty + h2,
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + p:empty + h3,
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + p:empty + h4 {
\n margin-top: 0 !important;
\n }<\/p>\n

Linux \u4fee\u70bc\u5f55：\u6743\u9650<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u5728\u524d\u51e0\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u540e\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86 Linux \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c（pwd\u3001ls\u3001cd\u3001mkdir\u3001touch\u3001rm\u3001cp\u3001mv \u7b49），\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u67e5\u770b\u4e0e\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u6307\u4ee4\u4e4b\u4e0a，\u4e00\u65e6\u8fdb\u5165\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u591a\u7528\u6237\u73af\u5883\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd0\u7ef4\u573a\u666f，\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed5\u4e0d\u5f00\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u4fbf\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765：\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5404\u81ea\u80fd\u78b0\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4e0d\u80fd\u78b0\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6？\u7cfb\u7edf\u53c8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u5b9a\u5e76\u9650\u5236\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684？<\/p>\n

Linux \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u591a\u7528\u6237\u3001\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf，\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e00\u5957\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\u6765\u5212\u5206\u7528\u6237\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fb9\u754c
\n\u672c\u7bc7\u56f4\u7ed5\u7528\u6237\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6743\u9650\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u5f52\u5c5e\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u63a9\u7801（umask）\u4ee5\u53ca\u9632\u8bef\u5220\u7684\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d（Sticky Bit），\u7ed3\u5408\u7ec8\u7aef\u5b9e\u64cd，\u68b3\u7406 Linux \u6743\u9650\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u65e5\u5e38\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u7528\u6237\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0e\u8eab\u4efd\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n

\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u5177\u4f53\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4e4b\u524d，\u9996\u5148\u8981\u5f04\u6e05\u64cd\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u2014\u2014\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n

Linux \u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5927\u4f53\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b：<\/p>\n

  • \u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458（root）：\u62e5\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u63a7\u5236\u6743，\u4e0d\u53d7\u666e\u901a\u6743\u9650\u673a\u5236\u7684\u7ea6\u675f，\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u5220\u9664\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237：\u53d7\u6743\u9650\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u7ea6\u675f，\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55（\/home\/username）\u4ee5\u53ca\u88ab\u6388\u6743\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n

    \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9694\u79bb，\u6b63\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6743\u9650\u6765\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

    1. \u65b0\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u521d\u59cb\u5316（Ubuntu）<\/h4>\n

    \u5728\u591a\u7528\u6237\u5b9e\u6218\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d，\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f85\u52a9\u8d26\u53f7\u3002\u4ee5 Ubuntu \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u4f8b，\u65b0\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 adduser \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u4e0d\u662f root \u7528\u6237，\u547d\u4ee4\u524d\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a sudo \u63d0\u6743：<\/p>\n

    # root \u7528\u6237\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c<\/span>
    \nadduser username<\/p>\n

    # \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u501f\u52a9 sudo \u6267\u884c<\/span>
    \nsudo<\/span> adduser username<\/p>\n

    \u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u540d\u4e3a vir \u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u6237\u4e3a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

    info: Adding user `<\/span>vir' ..<\/span>.
    \ninfo: Selecting UID<\/span>\/GID from range 1000<\/span> to 59999<\/span> ..<\/span>.
    \ninfo: Adding new group `<\/span><\/span>vir' (1004) …
    \ninfo: Adding new user `vir'<\/span> (<\/span>1004<\/span>)<\/span> with group `<\/span>vir (<\/span>1004<\/span>)<\/span>' ..<\/span>.
    \ninfo: Creating home directory `<\/span><\/span>\/home\/vir' …
    \ninfo: Copying files from `\/etc\/skel'<\/span> ..<\/span>.
    \nNew password: \u2190 \u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801（\u7ec8\u7aef\u65e0\u56de\u663e\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u7684）
    \nRetype new password: \u2190 \u518d\u6b21\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801
    \npasswd: password updated successfully
    \nChanging the user information for<\/span> vir
    \nEnter the new value, or press ENTER for<\/span> the default
    \nFull Name [<\/span>]<\/span>: \u2190 \u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\u56de\u8f66\u8df3\u8fc7\u5373\u53ef
    \nRoom Number [<\/span>]<\/span>:
    \nWork Phone [<\/span>]<\/span>:
    \nHome Phone [<\/span>]<\/span>:
    \nOther [<\/span>]<\/span>:
    \nIs the information correct? [<\/span>Y\/n]<\/span> Y \u2190 \u8f93\u5165 Y \u786e\u8ba4
    \ninfo: Adding new user `<\/span>vir' to supplemental \/ extra groups<\/span> `<\/span><\/span>users' ..<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    \u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u5b8c\u6210\u540e，\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u4e3a\u5176\u5206\u914d\u552f\u4e00\u7684 UID（\u7528\u6237\u6807\u8bc6）\u548c GID（\u7ec4\u6807\u8bc6）；<\/li>\n
    • \u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u540d\u540c\u540d\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u7528\u6237\u7ec4；<\/li>\n
    • \u5728 \/home\/ \u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u4e13\u5c5e\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55，\u5e76\u4ece\u6a21\u677f\u76ee\u5f55 \/etc\/skel \u62f7\u8d1d\u57fa\u7840\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u26a0\ufe0f \u7ec8\u7aef\u7ec6\u8282\u63d0\u793a：<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Linux \u7ec8\u7aef\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u65f6\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u661f\u53f7\u6216\u5149\u6807\u53d8\u52a8，\u8fd9\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u65c1\u4eba\u7aa5\u63a2\u5bc6\u7801\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u8ba1，\u6b63\u5e38\u8f93\u5165\u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u56de\u8f66\u5373\u53ef；<\/li>\n
      • UID \u548c GID \u901a\u5e38\u4ece 1000（\u6216 CentOS \u4e2d\u7684 1000\/500）\u5f00\u59cb\u5206\u914d，1000 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\u4e00\u822c\u9884\u7559\u7ed9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u8d26\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        2. \u7528\u6237\u5207\u6362：su \u4e0e su –<\/h4>\n

        \u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 su（switch user）：<\/p>\n

        su<\/span> username # \u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237，\u4f46\u4fdd\u7559\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/span>
        \nsu<\/span> – username # \u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237，\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u5207\u6362\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u767b\u5f55\u73af\u5883<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

        \u4e8c\u3001\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb<\/h2>\n

        1. \u8bc6\u522b\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n

        \u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u6267\u884c ls -l \u65f6，\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u6700\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u4e00\u4e32\u5b57\u7b26\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u9996\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b：<\/p>\n\n\u7c7b\u578b\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u8bf4\u660e\u5e38\u89c1\u573a\u666f\u793a\u4f8b<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        \u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n\u5305\u542b\u6570\u636e\u3001\u6587\u672c\u6216\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n.txt\u3001.c\u3001.sh\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\nd<\/td>\n\u5305\u542b\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5e94 inode \u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n\/etc\u3001\/home\u3001\u5404\u7c7b\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5<\/td>\nl<\/td>\n\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e Windows \u7684\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f，\u6307\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84<\/td>\n\/usr\/bin\/python -> python3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u5757\u8bbe\u5907<\/td>\nb<\/td>\n\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e26\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u6309\u56fa\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5757\u968f\u673a\u8bfb\u5199\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u63a5\u53e3<\/td>\n\u78c1\u76d8\u8bbe\u5907 \/dev\/sda\u3001\u5206\u533a \/dev\/sda1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907<\/td>\nc<\/td>\n\u63d0\u4f9b\u65e0\u7f13\u51b2\u3001\u6309\u5b57\u7b26\u6d41\u987a\u5e8f\u987a\u5e8f\u8bfb\u5199\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u63a5\u53e3<\/td>\n\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907 \/dev\/tty\u3001\u7a7a\u8bbe\u5907 \/dev\/null<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u547d\u540d\u7ba1\u9053<\/td>\np<\/td>\n\u7ba1\u9053\u6587\u4ef6，\u7528\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u4e0d\u540c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1（FIFO）<\/td>\nmkfifo \u521b\u5efa\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/td>\ns<\/td>\n\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u672c\u5730\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u53cc\u5411\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u7aef\u70b9<\/td>\nMySQL \u5957\u63a5\u5b57 \/run\/mysqld\/mysqld.sock<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        \u5728\u5b9e\u6218\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u89c2\u5bdf ls -l \u7684\u56de\u663e：<\/p>\n

        \"\"<\/p>\n

        \u89c2\u5bdf\u622a\u56fe\u4e2d\u7ea2\u6846\u6807\u6ce8\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u7b26：<\/p>\n

          \n
        • mydir \u6700\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u662f d，\u8bf4\u660e\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55；<\/li>\n
        • my.txt \u548c test.c \u6700\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u662f -，\u8bf4\u660e\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u666e\u901a\u6587\u672c\/\u6e90\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          2. \u6743\u9650\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n

          \u7d27\u968f\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e4b\u540e\u7684 9 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26，\u5373\u4e3a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

          \"\"<\/p>\n

          \u8fd9 9 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u56fa\u5b9a\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7ec4，\u6bcf\u7ec4 3 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26，\u6309\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4e25\u683c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e09\u7c7b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u89d2\u8272：<\/p>\n

        • \u62e5\u6709\u8005（Owner \/ User，\u7b80\u5199 u）：\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u8005\u6216\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u6709\u8005；<\/li>\n
        • \u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4（Group，\u7b80\u5199 g）：\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ec4，\u7ec4\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u5171\u4eab\u8be5\u7ec4\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u6743\u9650；<\/li>\n
        • \u5176\u4ed6\u4eba（Other，\u7b80\u5199 o）：\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u62e5\u6709\u8005，\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n

          \u6bcf\u7ec4\u6743\u9650\u7531\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f4d\u6784\u6210：<\/p>\n\n\u6743\u9650\u7b26\u53f7\u6743\u9650\u540d\u79f0\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6743\u91cd\u5bf9\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u542b\u4e49<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
          r<\/td>\n\u8bfb（Read）<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n\u5141\u8bb8\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9（\u5982 cat\u3001head）<\/td>\n\u5141\u8bb8\u8bfb\u53d6\u76ee\u5f55\u5217\u8868，\u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u6587\u4ef6\u540d（\u5982 ls）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          w<\/td>\n\u5199（Write）<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n\u5141\u8bb8\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u8986\u5199\u6216\u8ffd\u52a0\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/td>\n\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u65b0\u5efa\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u3001\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6216\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          x<\/td>\n\u6267\u884c（Execute）<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u811a\u672c\u8f7d\u5165\u8fd0\u884c<\/td>\n\u5141\u8bb8\u8fdb\u5165（cd）\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55，\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          –<\/td>\n\u65e0\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n\u5728\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u5bf9\u5e94\u64cd\u4f5c\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n\u5728\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u5bf9\u5e94\u64cd\u4f5c\u6743\u9650<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          \u6838\u5fc3\u8fa8\u6790：\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\u5dee\u5f02<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u76ee\u5f55\u7684 x \u6743\u9650\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981：\u82e5\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u7f3a\u4e4f x \u6743\u9650，\u54ea\u6015\u62e5\u6709 r \u6743\u9650，\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u52c9\u5f3a\u770b\u5230\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u540d，\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5 cd \u8fdb\u53bb，\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6743\u9650\u7b49\u5143\u6570\u636e（\u6267\u884c ls -l \u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u91cf\u95ee\u53f7 ?）\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u5728\u76ee\u5f55，\u800c\u4e0d\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u81ea\u8eab：\u7531\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e0e\u5176\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u4e2d，\u56e0\u6b64\u201c\u80fd\u5426\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u201d，\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709 w \u6743\u9650，\u4e0e\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u81ea\u8eab\u662f\u5426\u53ea\u8bfb\u65e0\u5173\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u5728\u6743\u9650\u4f4d\u53f3\u4fa7，ls -l \u8fd8\u4f1a\u4f9d\u6b21\u5217\u51fa：
            \n\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6570\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u201d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u201d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u5f52\u4e3a Other，\u6240\u4ee5\u5217\u8868\u9879\u4e2d\u65e0\u9700\u5355\u72ec\u6307\u5b9a Other \u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n

            3. \u5b9e\u4f8b\u89e3\u6790：\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u7684\u6743\u9650\u547d\u4e2d\u4e0e\u62e6\u622a<\/h3>\n

            \u4ee5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

            \"\"<\/p>\n

            \u89c2\u5bdf\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55 mydir \u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4e0e\u5f52\u5c5e：<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u76ee\u5f55 lib：\u6743\u9650 drwxrwxr-x，\u62e5\u6709\u8005 lzh，\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4 lzh；<\/li>\n
            • \u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6 log.txt：\u6743\u9650 -rw-rw-r–，\u62e5\u6709\u8005 lzh，\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4 lzh；<\/li>\n
            • \u76ee\u5f55 sever：\u6743\u9650 drwxrwxr-x，\u62e5\u6709\u8005 lzh，\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4 lzh\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u6b64\u65f6，\u5982\u679c\u5207\u6362\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u65b0\u5efa\u7684\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237 vir：<\/p>\n

                \n
              • vir \u4e0d\u662f\u62e5\u6709\u8005 lzh；<\/li>\n
              • vir \u6b64\u65f6\u4e5f\u5c1a\u672a\u52a0\u5165 lzh \u7ec4；<\/li>\n
              • \u56e0\u6b64\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u6743\u9650\u5339\u914d\u65f6，\u4f1a\u5224\u5b9a vir \u5c5e\u4e8e Other\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u6839\u636e\u6743\u9650\u4f4d：<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • lib \u5bf9 Other \u7684\u6743\u9650\u4e3a r-x（\u5141\u8bb8\u6d4f\u89c8\u3001\u5141\u8bb8 cd \u8fdb\u5165，\u4f46\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u5176\u5185\u65b0\u5efa\u6216\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6）；<\/li>\n
                • log.txt \u5bf9 Other \u7684\u6743\u9650\u4e3a r–（\u5141\u8bb8\u8bfb\u53d6，\u7981\u6b62\u4fee\u6539\u5199\u5165）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u5207\u6362\u5230 vir \u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1：<\/p>\n

                  \"\"<\/p>\n

                  \u6838\u5bf9\u7ec8\u7aef\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u6279\u6ce8：<\/p>\n

                • vir \u6267\u884c cd lib\/ \u5e76\u8fd0\u884c ls -l，\u6210\u529f\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6 code.c \u548c mystring.h（\u622a\u56fe\u6807\u6ce8\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165\u76ee\u5f55\u201d）；<\/li>\n
                • \u968f\u540e vir \u5c1d\u8bd5\u6267\u884c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c rm -f code.c，\u7ec8\u7aef\u7acb\u5373\u62a5\u9519：rm: cannot remove 'code.c': Permission denied（\u622a\u56fe\u6807\u6ce8\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u5220\u9664\u6743\u9650\u201d）\u3002<\/li>\n

                  \u8fd9\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86\u524d\u8ff0\u673a\u5236：vir \u5bf9 lib \u53ea\u6709 r-x，\u7f3a\u5c11 w \u6743\u9650，\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u6cd5\u66f4\u6539 lib \u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8868，\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u88ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u62e6\u622a\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \n

                  \u4e09\u3001\u6743\u9650\u4fee\u6539\u6307\u4ee4<\/h2>\n

                  \u5728\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u6743\u9650\u7684\u5224\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u540e，\u5f53\u534f\u540c\u5f00\u53d1\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u90e8\u7f72\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fb9\u754c\u65f6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\u6743\u9650\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\u3002<\/p>\n

                  1. chmod：\u66f4\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650<\/h3>\n

                  chmod（change mode）\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \u26a0\ufe0f \u64cd\u4f5c\u6743\u9650\u7ea6\u675f：\u5728 Linux \u4e2d，**\u53ea\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u62e5\u6709\u8005（Owner）\u4e0e\u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458（root）**\u624d\u62e5\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n

                  \u5e38\u7528\u9009\u9879：<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • -R：\u9012\u5f52\u5904\u7406（Recursive），\u5c06\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5185\u90e8\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u5e76\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\u6a21\u5f0f：\u6570\u5b57\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u7b26\u53f7\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

                    a. \u6570\u5b57\u6a21\u5f0f（\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6cd5）<\/h4>\n

                    \u6570\u5b57\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c06\u6bcf\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6743\u9650\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u7d2f\u52a0（r=4, w=2, x=1），\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a 0～7 \u7684\u6570\u5b57，\u4e09\u7ec4\u89d2\u8272\u7ec4\u5408\u4e3a\u4e09\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57（ugo）：<\/p>\n

                    chmod<\/span> [<\/span>\u4e09\u4f4d\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b57]<\/span> \u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\u6570\u5b57\u7ec4\u5408\u5bf9\u5e94\u6743\u9650\u7b26\u53f7\u5178\u578b\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                    755<\/td>\nrwxr-xr-x<\/td>\n\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u811a\u672c\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u5404\u7ea7\u516c\u5f00\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    644<\/td>\nrw-r–r–<\/td>\n\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u6587\u6863\u914d\u7f6e（\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u53ef\u7f16\u8f91，\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u53ea\u8bfb）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    600<\/td>\nrw——-<\/td>\n\u673a\u5bc6\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001SSH \u79c1\u94a5\u6587\u4ef6（\u4ec5\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u53ef\u8bfb\u5199，\u9694\u7edd\u4e00\u5207\u5916\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    700<\/td>\nrwx——<\/td>\n\u4e2a\u4eba\u79c1\u6709\u811a\u672c\u6216\u79c1\u6709\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    777<\/td>\nrwxrwxrwx<\/td>\n\u5f00\u653e\u5168\u90e8\u8bfb\u5199\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650（\u5b58\u5728\u4e25\u91cd\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3，\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u9700\u4e25\u683c\u89c4\u907f）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                    b. \u7b26\u53f7\u6a21\u5f0f（\u5b57\u7b26\u52a0\u51cf\u6cd5）<\/h4>\n

                    \u7b26\u53f7\u6a21\u5f0f\u901a\u8fc7\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5b9a\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u548c\u6743\u9650\u5b57\u7b26\u6765\u7cbe\u7ec6\u8c03\u6574：<\/p>\n

                    chmod<\/span> [<\/span>\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61]<\/span> [<\/span>\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26]<\/span> [<\/span>\u6743\u9650\u5b57\u7b26]<\/span> \u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • \u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61：u（\u5c5e\u4e3b）\u3001g（\u5c5e\u7ec4）\u3001o（\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba）\u3001a（\u6240\u6709\u4eba，all，\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e ugo）<\/li>\n
                    • \u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26：+（\u589e\u52a0\u6743\u9650）\u3001-（\u79fb\u9664\u6743\u9650）\u3001=（\u8d4b\u4e88\u7cbe\u786e\u6743\u9650，\u5176\u4f59\u4f4d\u7f6e\u91cd\u7f6e\u4e3a\u65e0）<\/li>\n
                    • \u6743\u9650\u5b57\u7b26：r\u3001w\u3001x<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      chmod<\/span> u+x script.sh # \u4ec5\u4e3a\u5c5e\u4e3b\u589e\u52a0\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650<\/span>
                      \nchmod<\/span> go-w config.ini # \u79fb\u9664\u5c5e\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5199\u6743\u9650<\/span>
                      \nchmod<\/span> a+r file.txt # \u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u8bfb\u6743\u9650（\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e chmod +r file.txt）<\/span>
                      \nchmod<\/span> u<\/span>=<\/span>rwx,go=<\/span>rx mydir # \u7cbe\u786e\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5c5e\u4e3b rwx，\u5c5e\u7ec4\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba rx<\/span><\/p>\n

                      c. chmod \u5b9e\u6218\u6f14\u793a<\/h4>\n

                      \u57fa\u4e8e\u524d\u6587 vir \u7528\u6237\u88ab\u62e6\u622a\u7684\u573a\u666f，\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u62e5\u6709\u8005 lzh \u7ed9 lib \u76ee\u5f55\u7684 Other \u89d2\u8272\u8d4b\u4e88\u5199\u6743\u9650：<\/p>\n

                      \"\"<\/p>\n

                      \u89c2\u5bdf\u622a\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6f14\u8fdb：<\/p>\n

                    • lzh \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d lib \u7684\u6743\u9650\u4e3a drwxrwxr-x（\u7ea2\u6846\u6807\u6ce8），Other \u53ea\u6709\u8bfb\u548c\u8fdb\u5165\u6743\u9650；<\/li>\n
                    • \u6267\u884c chmod o+w -R lib（\u7ea2\u6846\u6807\u6ce8），\u9012\u5f52\u4e3a Other \u6dfb\u52a0\u5199\u6743\u9650；<\/li>\n
                    • \u518d\u6b21\u67e5\u770b ls -l，lib \u6743\u9650\u5df2\u53d8\u4e3a drwxrwxrwx（\u7ea2\u6846\u6807\u6ce8）；<\/li>\n
                    • \u5207\u6362\u4e3a vir \u7528\u6237\u540e\u8fdb\u5165 lib，\u518d\u6b21\u6267\u884c rm -f code.c，\u5220\u9664\u547d\u4ee4\u987a\u5229\u901a\u8fc7，code.c \u4ece\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u3002<\/li>\n

                      \u7d27\u63a5\u7740，\u5728\u5177\u5907 wx \u6743\u9650\u7684 lib \u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d，vir \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6：<\/p>\n

                      \"\"<\/p>\n

                      \u622a\u56fe\u4e2d vir \u6267\u884c touch vircode.c（\u7ea2\u6846\u6807\u6ce8），\u751f\u6210\u7684 vircode.c \u5176\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u548c\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u81ea\u7136\u4e3a vir:vir（\u7ea2\u6846\u6807\u6ce8）\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \n

                      2. chown：\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u4e0e\u63d0\u6743\u5b9e\u6218<\/h3>\n

                      chown（change owner）\u7528\u4e8e\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

                      chown<\/span> [<\/span>\u9009\u9879]<\/span> \u65b0\u62e5\u6709\u8005 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d
                      \nchown<\/span> [<\/span>\u9009\u9879]<\/span> \u65b0\u62e5\u6709\u8005:\u65b0\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d # \u53ef\u987a\u5e26\u4fee\u6539\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \u26a0\ufe0f \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 chown \u7ed9\u522b\u4eba？
                      \n\u5728 Linux \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u4e0b，\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u8005，\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u8d60\u9001\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u65e6\u5141\u8bb8\u968f\u610f chown，\u6076\u610f\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5360\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u78c1\u76d8\u914d\u989d\u540e\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6539\u6210\u4ed6\u4eba\u8f6c\u5ac1\u914d\u989d，\u6216\u5236\u9020\u6076\u610f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u683d\u8d43\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u6267\u884c chown \u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458（root）\u64cd\u4f5c，\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 sudo \u63d0\u6743\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \u6211\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf vir \u7528\u6237\u76f4\u63a5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4fee\u6539\u6240\u6709\u8005\u65f6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u53cd\u9988：<\/p>\n

                      \"\"<\/p>\n

                      \u622a\u56fe\u4e2d：<\/p>\n

                    • vir \u6267\u884c chown vir mystring.h，\u7cfb\u7edf\u62d2\u7edd：chown: changing ownership of 'mystring.h': Operation not permitted；<\/li>\n
                    • vir \u5c1d\u8bd5\u5229\u7528 sudo chown vir mystring.h \u63d0\u6743，\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed9\u51fa\u8b66\u544a：vir is not in the sudoers file\u3002<\/li>\n

                      \u539f\u56e0\u5256\u6790：Ubuntu \u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u6709\u5904\u4e8e sudo \u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u624d\u5177\u5907\u63d0\u6743\u8d44\u8d28，\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684 vir \u5c1a\u672a\u88ab\u52a0\u5165\u8be5\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848：\u5207\u6362\u56de\u5177\u5907\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650\u7684\u8d26\u53f7 lzh，\u5c06 vir \u8ffd\u52a0\u5230 sudo \u7ec4\u4e2d：<\/p>\n

                      \"\"<\/p>\n

                      \u6838\u5bf9\u622a\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u4fee\u590d\u6d41\u7a0b：<\/p>\n

                    • su lzh \u5207\u6362\u56de\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7528\u6237；<\/li>\n
                    • \u6267\u884c sudo usermod -aG sudo vir（\u7ea2\u6846\u6807\u6ce8，-aG \u4ee3\u8868\u5411\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u8ffd\u52a0，\u907f\u514d\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6709\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4）；<\/li>\n
                    • \u6267\u884c newgrp sudo \u5237\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u51ed\u8bc1（\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u767b\u5f55\u7ec8\u7aef）；<\/li>\n
                    • \u5207\u56de vir \u540e\u6d4b\u8bd5 sudo whoami，\u7ec8\u7aef\u6b63\u786e\u6253\u5370\u51fa root，\u8868\u660e vir \u5df2\u6210\u529f\u83b7\u5f97\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u63d0\u6743\u51ed\u8bc1\u3002<\/li>\n

                      \u968f\u540e\u518d\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u5f52\u5c5e：<\/p>\n

                      \"\"<\/p>\n

                      vir \u6267\u884c sudo chown vir mystring.h \u540e，ls -l \u663e\u793a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u5df2\u4ece lzh（\u7ea2\u6846\u6807\u6ce8）\u6210\u529f\u53d8\u66f4\u4e3a vir（\u7ea2\u6846\u6807\u6ce8）\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \n

                      3. chgrp \u4e0e\u7ec4\u6743\u9650\u5339\u914d\u5b9e\u6218<\/h3>\n

                      chgrp（change group）\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n

                      chgrp<\/span> [<\/span>\u9009\u9879]<\/span> \u7ec4\u540d \u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n

                      \u5728\u591a\u7528\u6237\u534f\u4f5c\u4e2d，\u7ec4\u6743\u9650\u5e38\u5e38\u5f15\u53d1\u56f0\u60d1：\u201c\u6211\u548c\u5f20\u4e09\u90fd\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u91cc，\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6？\u201d<\/p>\n

                      \u6211\u4eec\u5148\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b vir \u548c lzh \u5404\u81ea\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7ec4：<\/p>\n

                      vir@VM-4-15-ubuntu:~\/Linux\/02_permission\/mydir\/lib$ groups<\/span> vir
                      \nvir :<\/span> vir sudo<\/span> users<\/span>
                      \nvir@VM-4-15-ubuntu:~\/Linux\/02_permission\/mydir\/lib$ groups<\/span> lzh
                      \nlzh :<\/span> lzh sudo<\/span> users<\/span> docker<\/span><\/p>\n

                      \u4e24\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u52a0\u5165\u4e86 sudo \u548c users \u7ec4\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u67e5\u770b mydir \u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027：<\/p>\n

                      \"\"<\/p>\n

                      \u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u662f lzh\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6743\u9650\u5224\u5b9a\u65f6，\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u662f：\u201c\u5f53\u524d\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u4e2d，\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u201d\u3002vir \u867d\u7136\u5728 users \u7ec4，\u4f46\u4e0d\u5728 lzh \u7ec4，\u56e0\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u201c\u7ec4\u6743\u9650\u201d\u5bf9 vir \u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u751f\u6548，vir \u4f9d\u7136\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c Other\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5411\u793a\u4f8b\u6df1\u5165\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236：<\/p>\n

                      \"\"<\/p>\n

                      \u89c2\u5bdf\u622a\u56fe\u64cd\u4f5c：<\/p>\n

                    • vir \u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6 vircode.c，\u5176\u6743\u9650\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a -rw-rw—- 1 vir vir（\u7ea2\u6846\u6807\u6ce8），\u5c5e\u4e3b\u6709\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u5c5e\u7ec4\u6709\u8bfb\u5199，\u4f46 Other \u4e3a —（\u6beb\u65e0\u6743\u9650）；<\/li>\n
                    • \u6b64\u65f6 lzh \u7528\u6237\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bfb\u53d6：cat vircode.c，\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f4\u63a5\u62e6\u622a\u5e76\u62a5\u9519：cat: vircode.c: Permission denied\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a lzh \u4e0d\u5728 vir \u7ec4\u4e2d，\u88ab\u843d\u5165 Other \u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/li>\n

                      \u82e5\u8981\u8ba9 lzh \u5728\u4e0d\u7834\u574f Other \u9694\u79bb\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6，\u6b63\u89c4\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06 lzh \u52a0\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4 vir：<\/p>\n

                      \"\"<\/p>\n

                      lzh \u8fd0\u884c sudo usermod -aG vir lzh，\u518d\u7528 groups lzh \u786e\u8ba4，\u5176\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5df2\u987a\u5229\u5305\u542b vir（\u7ea2\u6846\u6807\u6ce8）\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \u7528\u6237\u91cd\u65b0\u767b\u5f55\u7ec8\u7aef\u52a0\u8f7d\u65b0\u7684\u7ec4\u8eab\u4efd\u540e，\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u8d77\u8bbf\u95ee：<\/p>\n

                      \"\"<\/p>\n

                      \u6b64\u65f6 vircode.c \u7684\u6743\u9650\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u7684 -rw-rw—-（\u7ea2\u6846\u6807\u6ce8，Other \u4f9d\u7136\u65e0\u6743\u8bbf\u95ee）\u3002\u4f46\u7cfb\u7edf\u5224\u5b9a lzh \u5c5e\u4e8e\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4 vir，\u4ece\u800c\u5339\u914d\u4e86\u7b2c 4～6 \u4f4d\u7684\u7ec4\u8bfb\u6743\u9650，cat vircode.c \u6210\u529f\u8f93\u51fa\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9：hello linux\u3002<\/p>\n

                      \n

                      \u56db\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u751f\u6210\u673a\u5236：umask<\/h2>\n

                      \u5728 Linux \u4e2d，\u6bcf\u6b21\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6，\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u624b\u52a8\u4e3a\u5176\u6307\u5b9a\u6743\u9650，\u4f46\u7cfb\u7edf\u603b\u4f1a\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u503c（\u5982\u76ee\u5f55\u901a\u5e38\u662f 755，\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u662f 644）\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u5e76\u975e\u968f\u610f\u751f\u6210，\u800c\u662f\u7531 umask（\u7528\u6237\u63a9\u7801） \u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

                      1. \u8d77\u59cb\u6743\u9650\u4e0e umask \u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n

                      \u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u65b0\u5efa\u9879\u76ee\u9884\u8bbe\u4e86\u8d77\u59cb\u6743\u9650：<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • \u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6：\u7531\u4e8e\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c，\u51fa\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651，\u7cfb\u7edf\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8d77\u59cb\u6743\u9650\u4e3a 666（\u5373 rw-rw-rw-，\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5265\u79bb\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650 x）；<\/li>\n
                      • \u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6：\u56e0\u4e3a\u76ee\u5f55\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u5907 x \u6743\u9650\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u6d4f\u89c8，\u7cfb\u7edf\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8d77\u59cb\u6743\u9650\u4e3a 777（\u5373 rwxrwxrwx）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        umask \u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u5f20\u7b5b\u5b50，\u5176\u6570\u503c\u4ee3\u8868\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u8d77\u59cb\u6743\u9650\u4e2d\u5265\u79bb\u6389\u7684\u6743\u9650\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

                        2. \u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u903b\u8f91：\u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e\u975e<\/h3>\n

                        \u5e38\u89c1\u6559\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e38\u628a\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u8d77\u59cb\u6743\u9650\u51cf\u53bb umask\u201d，\u4f46\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u63a9\u7801\u4e0b，\u7b97\u672f\u51cf\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u5185\u6838\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a，\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e\u975e（Bitwise AND NOT）：<\/p>\n

                        \u6700\u7ec8\u6743\u9650=\u8d77\u59cb\u6743\u9650\u00a0&\u00a0(\u223cumask)\\\\text{\u6700\u7ec8\u6743\u9650} = \\\\text{\u8d77\u59cb\u6743\u9650} \\\\ \\\\& \\\\ (\\\\sim\\\\text{umask})<\/span><\/span>\u6700\u7ec8\u6743\u9650<\/span><\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u8d77\u59cb\u6743\u9650<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>&<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(<\/span>\u223c<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>umask<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

                        \u5373：\u5c06 umask \u53d6\u53cd\u4e4b\u540e，\u4e0e\u8d77\u59cb\u6743\u9650\u8fdb\u884c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u201c\u4e0e\u201d\u8fd0\u7b97
                        \n\u51e1\u662f\u5728 umask \u5bf9\u5e94\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a 1 \u7684\u4f4d，\u6700\u7ec8\u6743\u9650\u4e2d\u4e00\u5f8b\u88ab\u6e05\u6d17\u7f6e 0\u3002<\/p>\n

                        \u4ee5\u5e38\u89c4\u7684 umask = 022 \u4e3a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • 022 \u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8868\u793a\u4e3a：000 010 010，\u4ee3\u8868\u7ec4\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5199\u6743\u9650（w）\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u62ff\u6389；<\/li>\n
                        • \u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u7ec8\u6743\u9650：666 & ~022 = 644（rw-r–r–）；<\/li>\n
                        • \u76ee\u5f55\u6700\u7ec8\u6743\u9650：777 & ~022 = 755（rwxr-xr-x）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          3. \u5b9e\u6218\u67e5\u770b\u4e0e\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h3>\n

                          \u5728\u5f53\u524d Shell \u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c umask \u5373\u53ef\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u63a9\u7801：<\/p>\n

                          \"\"<\/p>\n

                          \u622a\u56fe\u4e2d\u8f93\u51fa\u4e3a 0002（\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u6743\u9650\u63a9\u7801，\u540e\u4e09\u4f4d\u4ee3\u8868\u666e\u901a\u63a9\u7801 002）\u3002<\/p>\n

                          \u6839\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\u89c4\u5219，\u5f53 umask = 002 \u65f6：<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • \u6587\u4ef6\u6700\u7ec8\u6743\u9650：666 & ~002 = 664（rw-rw-r–，\u5c5e\u4e3b\u4e0e\u5c5e\u7ec4\u5747\u53ef\u8bfb\u5199，\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u53ea\u8bfb）；<\/li>\n
                          • \u76ee\u5f55\u6700\u7ec8\u6743\u9650：777 & ~002 = 775（rwxrwxr-x，\u5c5e\u4e3b\u4e0e\u5c5e\u7ec4\u5177\u5907\u5b8c\u6574\u6743\u9650，\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e0d\u53ef\u5199）\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            \u6211\u4eec\u65b0\u5efa\u9879\u76ee\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1：<\/p>\n

                            \"\"<\/p>\n

                            \u622a\u56fe\u4e2d\u6267\u884c mkdir test\/ \u4e0e touch temp.txt：<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • temp.txt \u6743\u9650\u4e3a -rw-rw-r–（664，\u7ea2\u6846\u6807\u6ce8）；<\/li>\n
                            • test \u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u4e3a drwxrwxr-x（775，\u7ea2\u6846\u6807\u6ce8）；<\/li>\n
                            • \u5b9e\u9645\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\u63a8\u5bfc\u5b8c\u5168\u543b\u5408\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              \u5982\u9700\u8c03\u6574\u63a9\u7801：<\/p>\n

                              # \u4e34\u65f6\u8c03\u6574（\u4ec5\u5728\u5f53\u524d Shell \u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u751f\u6548）<\/span>
                              \numask<\/span> 022<\/p>\n

                              # \u6c38\u4e45\u8c03\u6574：\u5199\u5165\u7528\u6237\u7684 Shell \u73af\u5883\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>
                              \necho<\/span> "umask 022"<\/span> >><\/span> ~\/.bashrc
                              \nsource<\/span> ~\/.bashrc<\/p>\n

                              \n

                              \u4e94\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0e\u9632\u8bef\u5220\u9632\u7ebf：\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d（Sticky Bit）<\/h2>\n

                              \u56de\u987e\u524d\u9762\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u673a\u5236：\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u5426\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6，\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u5177\u5907 w \u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \u8fd9\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u96be\u9898：
                              \n\u5728\u591a\u4eba\u534f\u4f5c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d，\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5171\u4e34\u65f6\u5171\u4eab\u76ee\u5f55（\u4f8b\u5982\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684 \/tmp）\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u91cc\u9762\u5b58\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6，\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u5fc5\u987b\u5411\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5f00\u653e\u5199\u6743\u9650（drwxrwxrwx）\u3002
                              \n\u4f46\u662f，\u4e00\u65e6\u76ee\u5f55\u5bf9 Other \u5f00\u653e\u4e86 w \u6743\u9650，\u4efb\u4f55\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u5730\u5220\u6389\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \u4e3a\u4e86\u76f4\u89c2\u4f53\u4f1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u9690\u60a3，\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u7ec4\u8fde\u7eed\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n

                              1. \u591a\u5c42\u6743\u9650\u9012\u8fdb\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/h3>\n

                              lzh \u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u76ee\u5f55 ldir，\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u653e\u5165\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6 mycode.c\u3002\u6b64\u65f6 vir \u7528\u6237\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5f3a\u884c\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55：<\/p>\n

                              \"\"<\/p>\n

                              \u622a\u56fe\u4e2d vir \u6267\u884c rm -rf .\/ldir\/，\u7cfb\u7edf\u62a5\u9519：rm: cannot remove '.\/ldir\/mycode.c': Permission denied（\u7ea2\u6846\u6807\u6ce8）\u3002
                              \n\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u6b64\u65f6 ldir \u7684 Other \u6743\u9650\u4ec5\u4e3a r-x，\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u6743\u9650，vir \u65e0\u6cd5\u6e05\u7406\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \u968f\u540e，\u62e5\u6709\u8005 lzh \u7ed9 ldir \u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86 Other \u7684\u5199\u6743\u9650：<\/p>\n

                              \"\"<\/p>\n

                              \u622a\u56fe\u4e2d lzh \u6267\u884c chmod o+w ldir \u540e，ldir \u6743\u9650\u53d8\u4e3a drwxrwxrwx\u3002
                              \n\u6b64\u65f6 vir \u518d\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5 rm -rf .\/ldir\/，\u7ec8\u7aef\u4f9d\u7136\u62a5\u9519：rm: cannot remove '.\/ldir\/': Permission denied（\u7ea2\u6846\u6807\u6ce8）\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \u6838\u5fc3\u5256\u6790：\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u76ee\u5f55\u672c\u8eab\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u5220？
                              \nrm -rf .\/ldir\/ \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c：<\/p>\n

                            • \u5148\u5220\u9664 ldir \u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5b50\u9879 mycode.c \u2014\u2014 \u7531\u4e8e ldir \u5df2\u7ecf\u662f 777 \u6743\u9650，\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u539f\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u529f；<\/li>\n
                            • \u63a5\u7740\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece ldir \u7684**\u4e0a\u5c42\u7236\u76ee\u5f55（\u5373 mydir）**\u4e2d\u628a ldir \u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u8282\u70b9\u62b9\u53bb\u3002
                              \n\u7531\u4e8e\u6b64\u65f6\u7236\u76ee\u5f55 mydir \u5bf9 Other \u4f9d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u6743\u9650，\u56e0\u6b64\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u88ab\u575a\u51b3\u62e6\u622a！<\/li>\n

                              \u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u8fde\u540c\u7236\u76ee\u5f55 mydir \u4e00\u5e76\u5f00\u653e Other \u5199\u6743\u9650\u540e：<\/p>\n

                              \"\"<\/p>\n

                              \u7236\u76ee\u5f55 mydir \u52a0\u4e0a w \u6743\u9650\u540e（\u622a\u56fe\u6807\u6ce8\u201c\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u52a0\u4e0aw\u6743\u9650\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u672c\u8eab！\u201d），vir \u518d\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c rm -rf .\/ldir\/，\u76ee\u5f55\u8fde\u540c\u5185\u90e8\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u77ac\u95f4\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \u8fd9\u5c31\u628a\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3\u5f7b\u5e95\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u6765\u4e86：\u53ea\u8981\u5171\u4eab\u76ee\u5f55\u5177\u6709\u5199\u6743\u9650，\u4efb\u610f\u7528\u6237\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6210\u679c\u90fd\u9762\u4e34\u88ab\u4ed6\u4eba\u6076\u610f\u5220\u9664\u6216\u8bef\u5220\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n

                              2. \u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n

                              \u4e3a\u4e86\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u51b3\u201c\u516c\u5171\u76ee\u5f55\u53ef\u81ea\u7531\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u968f\u610f\u4e92\u5220\u201d\u7684\u77db\u76fe，Linux \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u6743\u9650\u2014\u2014\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d（Sticky Bit）\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d\u6838\u5fc3\u4fdd\u62a4\u89c4\u5219：
                              \n\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d\u540e，\u5373\u4f7f\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u5f00\u653e\u4e86\u5199\u6743\u9650（w），\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u7c7b\u4eba\u5220\u9664\u6216\u91cd\u547d\u540d：<\/p>\n

                            • \u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458（root）；<\/li>\n
                            • \u8be5\u5171\u4eab\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u8005；<\/li>\n
                            • \u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u3002
                              \n\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba，\u54ea\u6015\u62e5\u6709\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 w \u6743\u9650，\u4e5f\u65e0\u6743\u5220\u9664\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n

                              \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d\u4f7f\u7528 chmod +t（\u516b\u8fdb\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8d4b\u4e88 1，\u5982 chmod 1777 \u76ee\u5f55）：<\/p>\n

                              chmod<\/span> +t \u76ee\u5f55\u540d<\/p>\n

                              \u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7ed9\u5171\u4eab\u76ee\u5f55\u8d4b\u4e88\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d：<\/p>\n

                              \"\"<\/p>\n

                              \u89c2\u5bdf\u622a\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u53d8\u5316：<\/p>\n

                            • lzh \u6267\u884c chmod +t .\/ldir\/（\u7ea2\u6846\u6807\u6ce8），ldir \u6743\u9650\u6700\u672b\u5c3e\u7684 x \u53d8\u6210\u4e86 t（\u72b6\u6001\u663e\u793a\u4e3a drwxrwxrwt）；<\/li>\n
                            • \u968f\u540e vir \u518d\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8de8\u6743\u9650\u5220\u9664：rm -rf .\/ldir\/；<\/li>\n
                            • \u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u62a5\u9519\u4fe1\u606f\u7531\u539f\u672c\u7684 Permission denied \u53d8\u4e3a\u4e86 Operation not permitted（\u7ea2\u6846\u6807\u6ce8），\u5220\u9664\u884c\u4e3a\u88ab\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d\u673a\u5236\u7cbe\u51c6\u5236\u6b62！<\/li>\n

                              \u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u5178\u8303：
                              \n\u67e5\u770b Linux \u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 \/tmp \u76ee\u5f55：<\/p>\n

                              ls<\/span> -ld<\/span> \/tmp
                              \n# \u8f93\u51fa：drwxrwxrwt … \/tmp<\/span><\/p>\n

                              \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 \/tmp \u5b58\u653e\u4e34\u65f6\u7f13\u5b58，\u4f46\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u53ea\u80fd\u6e05\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u4ef6，\u7edd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8bef\u5220\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u843d\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

                              \n

                              \u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u6743\u9650\u81ea\u67e5\u5fc3\u6cd5<\/h2>\n

                              \u6574\u7bc7\u68b3\u7406\u4e0b\u6765，Linux \u6743\u9650\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u5c42\u6b21\u5206\u660e\u3001\u5c31\u8fd1\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u89c4\u5219
                              \n\u65e5\u5e38\u9047\u5230\u6743\u9650\u62a5\u9519\u65f6，\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u903b\u8f91\u5feb\u901f\u81ea\u67e5：<\/p>\n

                            • \u786e\u5b9a\u8eab\u4efd\u5c42\u6b21：\n
                                \n
                              • \u4f18\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 Owner\u3001Group \u6210\u5458 \u8fd8\u662f Other\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u6309\u8be5\u987a\u5e8f\u547d\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u5339\u914d\u9879\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u5e94\u7528\u5bf9\u5e94\u6743\u9650，\u540e\u7eed\u6743\u9650\u4f4d\u4e0d\u518d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                              • \u533a\u5206\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61：\n
                                  \n
                                • \u64cd\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6，\u8bfb（cat）\u9700\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 r，\u6539\u5199（vim）\u9700\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 w，\u8fd0\u884c\u9700\u8981\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 x；<\/li>\n
                                • \u589e\u5220\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6216\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6，\u9996\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u662f\u5176\u6240\u5728\u7236\u76ee\u5f55\u7684 w \u548c x \u6743\u9650，\u800c\u975e\u6587\u4ef6\u81ea\u8eab\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                                • \u628a\u5173\u65b0\u5efa\u4e0e\u5171\u4eab：\n
                                    \n
                                  • \u68c0\u67e5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f，\u901a\u8fc7 umask \u8c03\u6574\u63a9\u7801；<\/li>\n
                                  • \u9047\u5230\u516c\u5171\u5171\u4eab\u76ee\u5f55，\u53ca\u65f6\u914d\u7f6e\u7c98\u6ede\u4f4d（chmod +t），\u907f\u514d\u591a\u4eba\u534f\u4f5c\u4e0b\u7684\u8bef\u5220\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                    \/* MD \/ \u5bcc\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684 .toc\uff08\u542b\u535a\u5ba2\u56ed\u642c\u5bb6\u7b49\u5d4c\u5957\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\uff1b.toc-box \u5728\u4fa7\u680f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd *\/#content_views .toc,\/* \u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u5e38\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u524d\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u7a7a p\uff08:empty \u4ecd\u5360 20px\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u5e76\u53bb\u6389\u907f\u514d\u9876\u7a7a\u9699 *\/#content_views.markdown_views > p:empty:has(+ .toc),#content_views.markdown_views > .toc + p:empty,\/* \u5bcc\u6587\u672c\u65e7\u7248\u76ee\u5f55\u6807\u8bb0 *\/#content<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":123945,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[11820,58,43],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-123965","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-atomgit","tag-linux","tag-43"],"yoast_head":"\n\u3010Linux \u4fee\u70bc\u5f55\u3011\u544a\u522b Permission denied\uff1a\u4e00\u6587\u8bb2\u900f Linux \u6743\u9650\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0e\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91 - 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