{"id":123723,"date":"2026-11-08T03:57:07","date_gmt":"2026-11-07T19:57:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/123723.html"},"modified":"2026-11-08T03:57:07","modified_gmt":"2026-11-07T19:57:07","slug":"linux-%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e7%9a%84%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e5%8f%a5%e6%9f%84%e4%b8%8a%e9%99%90%ef%bc%8c%e4%b8%ba%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e4%b8%8d%e8%83%bd%e5%8f%aa%e7%9c%8b%e7%bb%88%e7%ab%af%e9%87%8c%e7%9a%84-ulim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/123723.html","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u53e5\u67c4\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u770b\u7ec8\u7aef\u91cc\u7684 ulimit\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/20261107195703-6aef828f72ec0.png\" alt=\"\u6587\u4ef6\u53e5\u67c4\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u5230\u5e95\u843d\u5728\u54ea\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u67e5\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4e0a\u9650\u5f88\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u4ecd\u7136\u62a5\u201c\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u8fc7\u591a\u201d\u3002\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8&#xff0c;\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6392\u67e5\u5e94\u843d\u5230\u5b9e\u9645\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u62ff\u5f53\u524d shell \u7684\u8bfb\u6570\u66ff\u5b83\u4f5c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7ed9\u51fa\u914d\u7f6e\u6838\u5bf9\u987a\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5728\u672c\u4efb\u52a1\u81ea\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6f14\u7ec3\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8017\u5c3d\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fd0\u884c\u4e8e macOS&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u90e8\u7f72\u6216\u4fee\u6539 Linux \u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u5f53\u524d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8f6f\u9650\u5236\u8d1f\u8d23\u6267\u884c&#xff0c;\u786c\u9650\u5236\u7ea6\u675f\u53ef\u8c03\u6574\u8303\u56f4<\/h3>\n<p>Linux getrlimit(2) \u533a\u5206\u8f6f\u9650\u5236\u4e0e\u786c\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5bf9 RLIMIT_NOFILE&#xff0c;\u5b83\u7ea6\u675f\u53ef\u7528\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7f16\u53f7\u8303\u56f4&#xff1b;\u6253\u5f00\u3001\u590d\u5236\u6216\u5efa\u7acb\u7ba1\u9053\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u8d85\u51fa\u9650\u5236\u65f6&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230 EMFILE\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u9650\u5236\u503c\u51cf\u53bb\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u6570\u5c31\u5f53\u6210\u7cbe\u786e\u4f59\u91cf\u3002\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4e0d\u53ea\u5bf9\u5e94\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3001\u7ba1\u9053\u7b49&#xff1b;\u7f16\u53f7\u5206\u914d\u3001\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u5e76\u53d1\u6253\u5f00\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u8d44\u6e90\u8017\u5c3d\u4e0e\u5355\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9650\u989d\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u548c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u533a\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e systemd \u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u53ef\u4ee5\u6838\u5bf9\u7247\u6bb5&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>[Service]<br \/>\nLimitNOFILE&#061;1024:4096<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u8f6f\u9650\u5236\u4e0e\u786c\u9650\u5236\u7684\u793a\u4f8b&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u672c\u6587\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0e\u7ee7\u627f\u6761\u4ef6\u67e5systemd.exec\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u90e8\u7f72\u8981\u7ed3\u5408\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 I\/O \u63a5\u53e3\u4e0e\u6b63\u5e38\u5cf0\u503c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u89c1\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u5c31\u76f2\u76ee\u8c03\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fde\u8d77\u6765\u770b<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/20261107195705-6aef82917c2a8.png\" alt=\"\u670d\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\u5bf9\u5e94\u542f\u52a8\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6838\u5bf9\u8f6f\u786c\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u5931\u8d25\u6838\u5bf9\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u4e0e\u6e05\u7406\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u53d7\u63a7 Linux \u5b9e\u9a8c\u670d\u52a1&#xff0c;\u53ef\u8bfb\u53d6\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u5c5e\u6027&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>systemctl show demo.service -p MainPID -p LimitNOFILE -p LimitNOFILESoft<\/p>\n<p>demo.service \u662f\u5360\u4f4d\u540d&#xff0c;\u5b57\u6bb5\u5e94\u5bf9\u7167\u76ee\u6807\u7248\u672c\u3002\u518d\u6838\u5bf9\u5bf9\u5e94\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684 \/proc\/PID\/limits&#xff0c;\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u53ea\u770b\u5305\u88c5\u811a\u672c\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u82e5\u4f1a\u6d3e\u751f\u591a\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u5e94\u5206\u522b\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u672a\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b Linux \u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u914d\u7f6e\u66f4\u6539\u3001\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e0e\u91cd\u542f\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u636e\u6587\u6863\u793a\u4f8b\u58f0\u79f0\u76ee\u6807\u670d\u52a1\u5df2\u7ecf\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u53ea\u5728\u77ed\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u89e6\u53d1\u8017\u5c3d<\/h3>\n<p>\u6709\u9650\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5148\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb Python \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u5c06\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8f6f\u9650\u5236\u964d\u5230\u4e0d\u9ad8\u4e8e 64&#xff0c;\u4fdd\u7559\u786c\u9650\u5236&#xff0c;\u7136\u540e\u53cd\u590d\u6253\u5f00\u7a7a\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u4e3b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u9650\u5236&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u5982\u4e0b&#xff0c;\u53ea\u9002\u5408\u4e13\u7528\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff1a;<\/p>\n<p>import errno, os, resource<\/p>\n<p>soft, hard &#061; resource.getrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_NOFILE)<br \/>\ncap &#061; 64 if soft &#061;&#061; resource.RLIM_INFINITY else min(64, soft)<br \/>\nresource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_NOFILE, (cap, hard))<br \/>\nfds &#061; []<br \/>\ntry:<br \/>\n    while True:<br \/>\n        fds.append(os.open(os.devnull, os.O_RDONLY))<br \/>\nexcept OSError as exc:<br \/>\n    assert exc.errno &#061;&#061; errno.EMFILE<br \/>\n    os.close(fds.pop())<br \/>\n    fd &#061; os.open(os.devnull, os.O_RDONLY)<br \/>\n    os.close(fd)<br \/>\nfinally:<br \/>\n    for fd in fds:<br \/>\n        os.close(fd)<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u8be5\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u539f\u672c\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u4f59\u91cf\u5bb9\u7eb3\u793a\u4f8b&#xff1b;\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u4ee3\u7801\u8d34\u8fdb\u957f\u671f\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u3002\u5b8c\u6574\u6267\u884c\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fd8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d85\u65f6&#xff0c;\u5e76\u68c0\u67e5\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6b21\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230 EMFILE&#xff0c;\u5173\u95ed\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5efa\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u540e&#xff0c;\u518d\u6b21\u6253\u5f00\u6210\u529f&#xff0c;\u968f\u540e\u5168\u90e8\u6e05\u7406\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u53ea\u8bc1\u660e\u5f53\u524d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9650\u989d\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\u884c\u4e3a&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f Linux systemd \u914d\u7f6e\u9a8c\u8bc1&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6d4b\u51fa\u5b9e\u9645\u670d\u52a1\u5b89\u5168\u4e0a\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8fbe\u5230\u4e0a\u9650\u65f6&#xff0c;\u8fd8\u8981\u80fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u5931\u8d25\u4fe1\u606f<\/h3>\n<p>\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8017\u5c3d\u540e&#xff0c;\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u8fde\u65b0\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u6253\u4e0d\u5f00\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u5e94\u4e34\u65f6\u4f9d\u8d56\u5927\u91cf\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u53d7\u63a7\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa&#xff0c;\u5e76\u628a\u4efb\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u8c03\u7528\u8005&#xff0c;\u907f\u514d\u628a\u201c\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u8db3\u201d\u8bef\u8bf4\u6210\u201c\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f02\u5e38\u56de\u6536\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u53d6\u6d88\u8bf7\u6c42\u90fd\u8981\u5f52\u8fd8\u5df2\u6253\u5f00\u8d44\u6e90&#xff1b;\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e0a\u9650\u53ea\u80fd\u5ef6\u540e\u6cc4\u6f0f\u66b4\u9732\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u628a\u91cd\u590d\u4efb\u52a1\u540e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u57fa\u7ebf\u6bd4\u8f83&#xff0c;\u518d\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7528 select \u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd8\u6709\u989d\u5916\u517c\u5bb9\u8fb9\u754c&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u63d0\u5347\u9650\u5236\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u5b83\u53ef\u5904\u7406\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u662f\u5426\u6539\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u673a\u5236&#xff0c;\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0e\u5e73\u53f0&#xff0c;\u672c\u6587\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u76f8\u5173\u8fc1\u79fb\u6216\u9ad8\u7f16\u53f7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u914d\u989d\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u6761\u4ef6&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u5bb9\u91cf\u89c4\u5212\u7b54\u6848<\/h3>\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u9700\u8981\u7ed3\u5408\u5e76\u53d1\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u6bcf\u9879\u5360\u7528\u548c\u4fdd\u7559\u4f59\u91cf\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u91c7\u96c6\u5668\u3001\u6a21\u578b\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u5bfc\u51fa\u6d41\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u8d44\u6e90&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u5fc5\u90fd\u5957\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5e94\u8bb0\u5f55\u9650\u5236\u3001\u5b9e\u9645\u5cf0\u503c\u3001\u5931\u8d25\u70b9\u548c\u56de\u6536\u540e\u662f\u5426\u6062\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u5076\u53d1\u6253\u5f00\u5931\u8d25&#xff0c;\u5148\u4fdd\u7559\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u8d26&#xff0c;\u518d\u533a\u5206\u5355\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0a\u9650\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u6743\u9650\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8bc1\u636e\u4e0d\u8db3\u65f6\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u4e0a\u9650&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u63a9\u76d6\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7f3a\u9677\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8d44\u6599\u4e0e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8303\u56f4<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b98\u65b9\u4f9d\u636e&#xff1a;getrlimit(2)\u3001systemd.exec\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5df2\u6267\u884c&#xff1a;\u81ea\u5efa macOS \u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u8f6f\u9650\u5236\u8017\u5c3d\u3001EMFILE\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u6062\u590d\u6253\u5f00\u4e0e\u6e05\u7406&#xff1b;\u7236\u4f1a\u8bdd\u9650\u5236\u672a\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u672a\u6267\u884c&#xff1a;Linux \u670d\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\/proc \u89c2\u6d4b\u3001\u957f\u671f\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3001select \u9ad8\u7f16\u53f7\u517c\u5bb9\u3001\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3001\u771f\u5b9e API \u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u6784\u5efa\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5bb9\u91cf\u63a8\u8350\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u67e5\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u4e0a\u9650\u5f88\u9ad8&#xff0c;\u670d\u52a1\u4ecd\u7136\u62a5\u201c\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u8fc7\u591a\u201d\u3002\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8&#xff0c;\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6392\u67e5\u5e94\u843d\u5230\u5b9e\u9645\u8fdb\u7a0b&#xff0c;\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u62ff\u5f53\u524d shell \u7684\u8bfb\u6570\u66ff\u5b83\u4f5c\u8bc1\u3002<br \/>\n\u672c\u6587\u7ed9\u51fa\u914d\u7f6e\u6838\u5bf9\u987a\u5e8f&#xff0c;\u5e76\u5728\u672c\u4efb\u52a1\u81ea\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6f14\u7ec3\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u8017\u5c3d\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fd0\u884c\u4e8e macOS&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u6709\u90e8\u7f72\u6216\u4fee\u6539 Linux 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