\n \u540c\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u914d\u4e24\u6761\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531，\u7528 preference \u4f18\u5148\u503c\u62c9\u5f00\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u4f18\u5148\u503c\u5c0f\u7684（\u9ed8\u8ba4 60）\u5f53\u4e3b\u8def\u5f84\u8d70，\u5927\u7684（\u624b\u52a8\u8c03\u5230 100）\u5f53\u5907\u4efd\u300c\u6f5c\u4f0f\u300d\u5728\u8def\u7531\u8868\u5916\u3002\u4e3b\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u5931\u6548，\u4e3b\u8def\u7531\u88ab\u64a4\u9500，\u5907\u4efd\u8def\u7531
\n \u81ea\u52a8\u9876\u4e0a\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u4e2a\u81f4\u547d\u5751：\u9ed8\u8ba4\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u53ea\u68c0\u6d4b
\n \u672c\u7aef\u51fa\u63a5\u53e3\u7269\u7406\u72b6\u6001，\u8fdc\u7aef\u6545\u969c\u5207\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6765 \u2014\u2014 \u5fc5\u987b\u914d BFD\/NQA \u8054\u52a8\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u5b9e\u73b0\u6beb\u79d2\u5207\u6362\u3002 <\/p>\n
📑 \u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n
\n
\u4e00\u3001\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u6d6e\u52a8\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531<\/h3>\n
\u4f01\u4e1a\u51fa\u53e3\u3001\u5173\u952e\u4e1a\u52a1\u94fe\u8def\u5f80\u5f80\u8981\u53cc\u94fe\u8def\u5197\u4f59：\u4e00\u6761\u4e3b\u8def\u5f84\u8d70\u9ad8\u901f\u4e13\u7ebf，\u4e00\u6761\u5907\u4efd\u8d70\u4f4e\u901f MPLS\u3002\u9700\u6c42\u5f88\u6734\u7d20：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u6b63\u5e38\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u8d70\u4e3b\u8def\u5f84，\u5e26\u5bbd\u62c9\u6ee1<\/li>\n
- \u4e3b\u8def\u5f84\u6302\u4e86，\u5907\u4efd\u8def\u5f84\u81ea\u52a8\u63a5\u7ba1，\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e0d\u4e2d\u65ad<\/li>\n
- \u4e3b\u8def\u5f84\u6062\u590d，\u81ea\u52a8\u5207\u56de\u4e3b\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u666e\u901a\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u914d\u4e24\u6761\u540c\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u7b49\u4ef7\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861（ECMP），\u6570\u636e\u4e24\u8fb9\u5404\u8d70\u4e00\u534a，\u6302\u4e00\u534a\u4e22\u4e00\u534a \u2014\u2014 \u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u5197\u4f59\u662f\u6dfb\u4e71\u3002\u6d6e\u52a8\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u7528 preference（\u4f18\u5148\u503c）\u5dee\u5f02 \u628a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u538b\u6210\u300c\u5907\u4efd\u300d，\u5e73\u65f6\u4e0d\u751f\u6548，\u6545\u969c\u624d\u9876\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
💡 \u672c\u8d28：\u6d6e\u52a8\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531 = \u666e\u901a\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531 + preference \u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u3002\u534e\u4e3a VRP \u91cc preference \u8d8a\u5c0f\u8d8a\u4f18\u5148，\u9ed8\u8ba4 60\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u4e8c\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u62d3\u6251\u4e0e\u5730\u5740\u89c4\u5212<\/h3>\n
![\"\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d2\u5165\u56fe\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/20261107115704-6aef12103e99e.png\")
<\/p>\n\u5730\u5740\u89c4\u5212\u8868<\/h4>\n
\n
\u8bbe\u5907\u63a5\u53e3IP \u5730\u5740\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n \n\n AR1<\/td>\n GE0\/0\/0<\/td>\n 12.1.1.1\/24<\/td>\n \u4e3b\u94fe\u8def\u51fa\u63a5\u53e3（\u8fde AR2）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n AR1<\/td>\n GE0\/0\/1<\/td>\n 34.1.1.1\/24<\/td>\n \u5907\u4efd\u94fe\u8def\u51fa\u63a5\u53e3（\u8fde AR4）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n AR1<\/td>\n Loopback0<\/td>\n 1.1.1.1\/32<\/td>\n \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6e90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n AR2<\/td>\n GE0\/0\/0 \/ GE0\/0\/1<\/td>\n 12.1.1.2 \/ 23.1.1.2<\/td>\n \u4e3b\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u8f6c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n AR4<\/td>\n GE0\/0\/0 \/ GE0\/0\/1<\/td>\n 34.1.1.4 \/ 45.1.1.4<\/td>\n \u5907\u4efd\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u8f6c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n AR3<\/td>\n GE0\/0\/0<\/td>\n 23.1.1.3\/24<\/td>\n \u4e3b\u94fe\u8def\u5165\u63a5\u53e3（\u8fde AR2）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n AR3<\/td>\n GE0\/0\/1<\/td>\n 45.1.1.3\/24<\/td>\n \u5907\u4efd\u94fe\u8def\u5165\u63a5\u53e3（\u8fde AR4）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n AR3<\/td>\n Loopback0<\/td>\n 3.3.3.3\/32<\/td>\n \u6d4b\u8bd5\u76ee\u6807<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n\u4e09\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65：\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0e Loopback \u57fa\u7840\u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n
\u56db\u53f0\u8def\u7531\u5668\u9010\u53f0\u914d\u7f6e，\u5730\u57fa\u6253\u7a33\u518d\u8c08\u6d6e\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n
AR1<\/h4>\n
<Huawei> system-view
\n[Huawei] sysname AR1
\n[AR1] interface GigabitEthernet 0\/0\/0
\n[AR1-GigabitEthernet0\/0\/0] ip address 12.1.1.1 24
\n[AR1-GigabitEthernet0\/0\/0] quit
\n[AR1] interface GigabitEthernet 0\/0\/1
\n[AR1-GigabitEthernet0\/0\/1] ip address 34.1.1.1 24
\n[AR1-GigabitEthernet0\/0\/1] quit
\n[AR1] interface LoopBack 0
\n[AR1-LoopBack0] ip address 1.1.1.1 32
\n[AR1-LoopBack0] quit<\/p>\nAR2（\u4e3b\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u8f6c）<\/h4>\n
<Huawei> system-view
\n[Huawei] sysname AR2
\n[AR2] interface GigabitEthernet 0\/0\/0
\n[AR2-GigabitEthernet0\/0\/0] ip address 12.1.1.2 24
\n[AR2-GigabitEthernet0\/0\/0] quit
\n[AR2] interface GigabitEthernet 0\/0\/1
\n[AR2-GigabitEthernet0\/0\/1] ip address 23.1.1.2 24
\n[AR2-GigabitEthernet0\/0\/1] quit<\/p>\nAR4（\u5907\u4efd\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u8f6c）<\/h4>\n
<Huawei> system-view
\n[Huawei] sysname AR4
\n[AR4] interface GigabitEthernet 0\/0\/0
\n[AR4-GigabitEthernet0\/0\/0] ip address 34.1.1.4 24
\n[AR4-GigabitEthernet0\/0\/0] quit
\n[AR4] interface GigabitEthernet 0\/0\/1
\n[AR4-GigabitEthernet0\/0\/1] ip address 45.1.1.4 24
\n[AR4-GigabitEthernet0\/0\/1] quit<\/p>\nAR3<\/h4>\n
<Huawei> system-view
\n[Huawei] sysname AR3
\n[AR3] interface GigabitEthernet 0\/0\/0
\n[AR3-GigabitEthernet0\/0\/0] ip address 23.1.1.3 24
\n[AR3-GigabitEthernet0\/0\/0] quit
\n[AR3] interface GigabitEthernet 0\/0\/1
\n[AR3-GigabitEthernet0\/0\/1] ip address 45.1.1.3 24
\n[AR3-GigabitEthernet0\/0\/1] quit
\n[AR3] interface LoopBack 0
\n[AR3-LoopBack0] ip address 3.3.3.3 32
\n[AR3-LoopBack0] quit<\/p>\n\u26a0\ufe0f \u914d\u5b8c\u5148\u7528 ping \u9a8c\u8bc1\u56db\u6bb5\u76f4\u8fde\u94fe\u8def\u90fd\u901a：AR1\u2192AR2(12.1.1.2)\u3001AR2\u2192AR3(23.1.1.3)\u3001AR1\u2192AR4(34.1.1.4)\u3001AR4\u2192AR3(45.1.1.3)\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u6bb5\u4e0d\u901a，\u6d6e\u52a8\u8def\u7531\u90fd\u662f\u7a7a\u4e2d\u697c\u9601\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u56db\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65：\u4e3b\u5907\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n
\u6838\u5fc3\u64cd\u4f5c：\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u914d\u4e24\u6761\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531，\u7528 preference \u62c9\u5f00\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u4e3b\u5907\u5fc5\u987b\u53cc\u5411\u90fd\u914d，\u5426\u5219\u5355\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n
AR1：\u53bb\u7a0b\u4e3b\u5907<\/h4>\n
[AR1] ip route-static 3.3.3.3 32 12.1.1.2
\n\/\/ \u4e3b\u8def\u5f84，preference \u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c 60，\u53ef\u4e0d\u5199<\/p>\n[AR1] ip route-static 3.3.3.3 32 34.1.1.4 preference 100
\n\/\/ \u5907\u4efd\u8def\u5f84，\u4f18\u5148\u503c\u8c03\u5927\u5230 100，\u5e73\u65f6\u88ab\u4e3b\u8def\u5f84\u538b\u5236\u4e0d\u751f\u6548<\/p>\nAR2：\u4e3b\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u8f6c\u8def\u7531<\/h4>\n
[AR2] ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 12.1.1.1
\n[AR2] ip route-static 3.3.3.3 32 23.1.1.3
\n\/\/ AR2 \u53ea\u8d70\u4e3b\u8def\u5f84，\u4e0d\u914d\u5907\u4efd<\/p>\nAR4：\u5907\u4efd\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u8f6c\u8def\u7531<\/h4>\n
[AR4] ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 34.1.1.1
\n[AR4] ip route-static 3.3.3.3 32 45.1.1.3
\n\/\/ AR4 \u53ea\u8d70\u5907\u4efd\u8def\u5f84，\u5e73\u65f6\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u4e3a 0<\/p>\nAR3：\u56de\u7a0b\u4e3b\u5907<\/h4>\n
[AR3] ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 23.1.1.2
\n\/\/ \u56de\u7a0b\u4e3b\u8def\u5f84，preference 60<\/p>\n[AR3] ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 45.1.1.4 preference 100
\n\/\/ \u56de\u7a0b\u5907\u4efd\u8def\u5f84，preference 100<\/p>\n🚫
\n \u6700\u9ad8\u9891\u9519\u8bef：<\/b>\u53ea\u5728 AR1 \u914d\u4e86\u4e3b\u5907，AR3 \u56de\u7a0b\u53ea\u914d\u4e00\u6761\u4e3b\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u73b0\u8c61\u662f
\n \u4e3b\u8def\u5f84\u6b63\u5e38\u65f6\u901a，\u4e3b\u8def\u5f84\u6545\u969c\u540e AR1 \u80fd\u53d1\u51fa\u53bb（\u8d70\u5907\u4efd），\u4f46 AR3 \u56de\u5305\u4ecd\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8d70\u5df2\u65ad\u7684\u4e3b\u8def\u5f84 \u2192 \u5168\u4e22\u3002\u56de\u7a0b\u4e3b\u5907\u548c\u53bb\u7a0b\u4e3b\u5907\u5fc5\u987b
\n \u5bf9\u79f0<\/b>\u3002 <\/p>\n💡 preference \u6570\u503c\u542b\u4e49：\u8d8a\u5c0f\u8d8a\u4f18\u5148\u3002\u534e\u4e3a\u8bbe\u5907\u76f4\u8fde=0\u3001OSPF=10\u3001\u9759\u6001\u9ed8\u8ba4=60\u3002\u4e3b\u5907\u5dee\u8ddd\u5efa\u8bae \u2265 30（\u5982 60 vs 100），\u907f\u514d\u8fb9\u754c\u503c\u8bef\u5224\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u4e94\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65：\u4e3b\u8def\u5f84\u6b63\u5e38\u65f6\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h3>\n
\u914d\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210，\u5148\u9a8c\u8bc1\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8d70\u4e3b\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n
\u2460 \u67e5 AR1 \u8def\u7531\u8868<\/h4>\n
<AR1> display ip routing-table protocol static<\/p>\n
Destination\/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
\n 3.3.3.3\/32 Static 60 0 12.1.1.2 GE0\/0\/0 \u2190 \u53ea\u770b\u5230\u4e3b\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n\u5907\u4efd\u8def\u7531（preference 100）\u6b64\u65f6\u4e0d\u5728\u8def\u7531\u8868\u91cc，\u88ab\u4e3b\u8def\u5f84\u538b\u5236\u6f5c\u4f0f\u3002\u8981\u770b\u5b83\u5f97\u7528：<\/p>\n
<AR1> display ip routing-table protocol static verbose
\n\/\/ verbose \u6a21\u5f0f\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u6240\u6709\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u6761\u76ee，\u5305\u62ec\u88ab\u538b\u5236\u672a\u751f\u6548\u7684\u5907\u4efd\u8def\u7531<\/p>\n\u2461 tracert \u770b\u8d70\u54ea\u6761\u8def<\/h4>\n
<AR1> tracert 3.3.3.3<\/p>\n
1 12.1.1.2 10 ms \/\/ \u7ecf\u8fc7 AR2
\n 2 23.1.1.3 20 ms \/\/ \u5230\u8fbe AR3
\n 3 3.3.3.3 30 ms \/\/ \u76ee\u6807 Lo0
\n\/\/ \u8def\u5f84：AR1 \u2192 AR2 \u2192 AR3，\u8d70\u7684\u662f\u4e3b\u94fe\u8def<\/p>\n\u2462 \u7aef\u5230\u7aef ping<\/h4>\n
<AR1> ping -a 1.1.1.1 3.3.3.3
\n— 3.3.3.3 ping statistics — 5 packet(s) transmitted, 5 received, 0.00% packet loss<\/p>\n-a 1.1.1.1 \u6307\u5b9a\u6e90 IP \u4e3a Loopback0，\u6a21\u62df\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d41\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u516d\u3001\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65：\u6a21\u62df\u4e3b\u94fe\u8def\u6545\u969c\u770b\u5207\u6362<\/h3>\n
\u8fd9\u662f\u6d6e\u52a8\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u7684\u9ad8\u5149\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u5728 AR1 \u4e0a\u628a\u4e3b\u8def\u5f84\u51fa\u63a5\u53e3\u5173\u6389，\u6a21\u62df\u4e3b\u94fe\u8def\u6545\u969c：<\/p>\n
[AR1] interface GigabitEthernet 0\/0\/0
\n[AR1-GigabitEthernet0\/0\/0] shutdown
\n\/\/ \u4e3b\u8def\u5f84\u51fa\u63a5\u53e3\u7269\u7406 down<\/p>\n\u2460 \u770b\u8def\u7531\u8868\u81ea\u52a8\u5207\u6362<\/h4>\n
<AR1> display ip routing-table protocol static<\/p>\n
Destination\/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface
\n 3.3.3.3\/32 Static 100 0 34.1.1.4 GE0\/0\/1 \u2190 \u5907\u4efd\u8def\u7531\u9876\u4e0a！<\/p>\n\u4e3b\u8def\u7531（next-hop 12.1.1.2，\u51fa\u63a5\u53e3\u5df2 down）\u88ab\u81ea\u52a8\u64a4\u9500，\u5907\u4efd\u8def\u7531（preference 100）\u4ece\u6f5c\u4f0f\u72b6\u6001\u6fc0\u6d3b，next-hop \u53d8\u6210 34.1.1.4，\u51fa\u63a5\u53e3\u53d8\u6210 GE0\/0\/1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u2461 tracert \u770b\u65b0\u8def\u5f84<\/h4>\n
<AR1> tracert 3.3.3.3<\/p>\n
1 34.1.1.4 10 ms \/\/ \u7ecf\u8fc7 AR4（\u5907\u4efd\u4e2d\u8f6c）
\n 2 45.1.1.3 20 ms \/\/ \u5230\u8fbe AR3
\n 3 3.3.3.3 30 ms
\n\/\/ \u8def\u5f84：AR1 \u2192 AR4 \u2192 AR3，\u5df2\u5207\u5230\u5907\u4efd\u94fe\u8def<\/p>\n\u2462 \u4e1a\u52a1\u6062\u590d<\/h4>\n
<AR1> ping -a 1.1.1.1 3.3.3.3
\n— 3.3.3.3 ping statistics — 5 transmitted, 5 received, 0.00% packet loss
\n\/\/ \u4e1a\u52a1\u96f6\u4e2d\u65ad（\u4ec5\u6709\u5207\u6362\u77ac\u95f4\u7684\u5c11\u91cf\u4e22\u5305）<\/p>\n\u2463 \u4e3b\u94fe\u8def\u6062\u590d，\u81ea\u52a8\u5207\u56de<\/h4>\n
[AR1] interface GigabitEthernet 0\/0\/0
\n[AR1-GigabitEthernet0\/0\/0] undo shutdown
\n\/\/ \u4e3b\u8def\u5f84\u63a5\u53e3\u6062\u590d<\/p>\n<AR1> display ip routing-table protocol static
\n 3.3.3.3\/32 Static 60 0 12.1.1.2 GE0\/0\/0 \u2190 \u4e3b\u8def\u7531\u56de\u5f52
\n\/\/ preference 60 \u91cd\u65b0\u538b\u5236 100，\u81ea\u52a8\u5207\u56de\u4e3b\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n💡 \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u6d6e\u52a8\u300d\u4e8c\u5b57\u7684\u5f62\u8c61：\u5907\u4efd\u8def\u7531\u50cf\u6d6e\u5728\u6c34\u4e0b\u7684\u6551\u751f\u5708，\u5e73\u65f6\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1，\u4e3b\u8def\u5f84\u4e00\u6c89\u5b83\u5c31\u6d6e\u4e0a\u6765\u9876\u66ff\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u4e03\u3001\u8fdb\u9636：BFD \u8054\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0\u6beb\u79d2\u5207\u6362<\/h3>\n
\u9ed8\u8ba4\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u81f4\u547d\u7f3a\u9677<\/h4>\n
\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u80fd\u5207\u6362，\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec shutdown \u4e86\u672c\u7aef\u51fa\u63a5\u53e3，VRP \u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u63a5\u53e3\u7269\u7406 down \u5c31\u64a4\u9500\u5173\u8054\u8be5\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u5b9e\u6545\u969c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u8fdc\u7aef\u6545\u969c：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u4e2d\u95f4\u94fe\u8def\u88ab\u62d4\u7ebf\u4f46\u672c\u7aef\u63a5\u53e3\u534f\u8bae\u4ecd up<\/li>\n
- \u5bf9\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\u5b95\u673a\u4f46\u672c\u7aef\u770b\u4e0d\u5230<\/li>\n
- \u94fe\u8def\u8bef\u7801\u7387\u9ad8 ping \u4e0d\u901a\u4f46\u63a5\u53e3\u6ca1 down<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b，\u672c\u7aef\u51fa\u63a5\u53e3\u4ecd\u7136 up，\u4e3b\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u64a4\u9500，\u5907\u4efd\u6c38\u8fdc\u9876\u4e0d\u4e0a \u2192 \u4e1a\u52a1\u9ed1\u6d1e\u3002<\/p>\n
BFD \u8054\u52a8\u89e3\u6cd5<\/h4>\n
BFD（Bidirectional Forwarding Detection）\u79d2\u7ea7（\u6beb\u79d2\u7ea7）\u68c0\u6d4b\u94fe\u8def\u53cc\u5411\u8fde\u901a\u6027，\u548c\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u8054\u52a8\u540e，\u8fdc\u7aef\u6545\u969c\u4e5f\u80fd\u89e6\u53d1\u5207\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n
AR1 \u914d\u7f6e<\/h5>\n
[AR1] bfd \/\/ \u5168\u5c40\u4f7f\u80fd BFD
\n[AR1] bfd ar1-ar2 bind peer-ip 12.1.1.2 source 12.1.1.1 auto
\n\/\/ \u5efa\u7acb BFD \u4f1a\u8bdd，peer \u662f\u5bf9\u7aef IP，source \u662f\u672c\u7aef IP
\n[AR1-bfd-session-ar1-ar2] discriminator local 10
\n[AR1-bfd-session-ar1-ar2] discriminator remote 20
\n[AR1-bfd-session-ar1-ar2] commit
\n[AR1-bfd-session-ar1-ar2] quit<\/p>\n[AR1] ip route-static 3.3.3.3 32 12.1.1.2 track bfd-session ar1-ar2
\n\/\/ \u4e3b\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u7ed1\u5b9a BFD \u4f1a\u8bdd，BFD \u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u6545\u969c \u2192 \u7acb\u5373\u64a4\u9500\u6b64\u8def\u7531<\/p>\nAR2 \u5bf9\u7aef\u914d\u7f6e（BFD \u5fc5\u987b\u4e24\u7aef\u90fd\u914d）<\/h5>\n
[AR2] bfd
\n[AR2] bfd ar2-ar1 bind peer-ip 12.1.1.1 source 12.1.1.2 auto
\n[AR2-bfd-session-ar2-ar1] discriminator local 20
\n[AR2-bfd-session-ar2-ar1] discriminator remote 10
\n[AR2-bfd-session-ar2-ar1] commit
\n[AR2-bfd-session-ar2-ar1] quit<\/p>\n\u9a8c\u8bc1 BFD \u4f1a\u8bdd<\/h5>\n
<AR1> display bfd session all<\/p>\n
Local Remote PeerIp State
\n10 20 12.1.1.2 Up \/\/ State=Up \u624d\u7b97\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5efa\u7acb\u6210\u529f<\/p>\n\u26a0\ufe0f BFD \u8054\u52a8\u7684\u5173\u952e：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u4e24\u7aef\u90fd\u8981\u914d，\u5355\u7aef\u914d\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8d77\u4e0d\u6765<\/li>\n
- discriminator local\/remote \u4e24\u7aef\u8981\u4ea4\u53c9\u5bf9\u5e94（\u672c\u7aef local=\u5bf9\u7aef remote）<\/li>\n
- \u9ed8\u8ba4\u68c0\u6d4b\u5468\u671f 1000ms \u00d7 3 \u6b21 = 3 \u79d2\u5207\u6362；\u53ef\u8c03 min-tx-interval \/ min-rx-interval \u538b\u5230\u6beb\u79d2\u7ea7<\/li>\n
- \u8054\u52a8\u540e BFD \u6545\u969c \u2192 \u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u64a4\u9500 \u2192 \u5907\u4efd\u9876\u4e0a，\u8fdc\u7aef\u6545\u969c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5207<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
NQA \u5907\u9009\u65b9\u6848<\/h4>\n
\u4e0d\u652f\u6301 BFD \u7684\u8001\u8bbe\u5907\u53ef\u7528 NQA（Network Quality Analyzer）icmp \u63a2\u6d4b + \u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u8054\u52a8，\u539f\u7406\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4f46\u68c0\u6d4b\u66f4\u6162（\u79d2\u7ea7）\u3002BFD \u662f\u9996\u9009\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u516b\u3001\u6d6e\u52a8\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531 vs \u666e\u901a\u9759\u6001 vs OSPF<\/h3>\n
\n
\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u666e\u901a\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u6d6e\u52a8\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531OSPF<\/tr>\n \n\n \u5197\u4f59\u80fd\u529b<\/td>\n \u65e0<\/td>\n \u2705 \u4e3b\u5907\u81ea\u52a8\u5207\u6362<\/td>\n \u2705 \u591a\u8def\u5f84\u8d1f\u8f7d\/\u5197\u4f59<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u914d\u7f6e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/td>\n \u4e00\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u4e00\u6761<\/td>\n \u540c\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u4e24\u6761 + preference<\/td>\n \u5ba3\u544a\u7f51\u6bb5\u5373\u53ef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u6545\u969c\u68c0\u6d4b\u901f\u5ea6<\/td>\n \u4e0d\u68c0\u6d4b<\/td>\n \u4f9d\u8d56\u63a5\u53e3\u7269\u7406\u72b6\u6001（\u79d2\u7ea7）\/BFD（\u6beb\u79d2）<\/td>\n Hello \u8ba1\u65f6\u5668（\u79d2\u7ea7）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u8fdc\u7aef\u6545\u969c\u611f\u77e5<\/td>\n \u274c \u4e0d\u611f\u77e5<\/td>\n \u274c \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u611f\u77e5，\u9700 BFD\/NQA<\/td>\n \u2705 \u90bb\u5c45\u8d85\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u6536\u655b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u8d44\u6e90\u5f00\u9500<\/td>\n \u51e0\u4e4e\u4e3a\u96f6<\/td>\n \u51e0\u4e4e\u4e3a\u96f6（\u914d BFD \u7565\u589e）<\/td>\n CPU\/\u5185\u5b58\u7ef4\u62a4 LSA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/td>\n \u5355\u94fe\u8def\u5c0f\u7f51\u7edc<\/td>\n \u53cc\u94fe\u8def\u5197\u4f59\u3001\u51fa\u53e3\u4e3b\u5907<\/td>\n \u4e2d\u5927\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u591a\u8282\u70b9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n \u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5efa\u8bae<\/td>\n \u274c \u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u5197\u4f59<\/td>\n \u2705 4 \u53f0\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53cc\u94fe\u8def\u9996\u9009<\/td>\n \u26a0\ufe0f \u6740\u9e21\u7528\u725b\u5200，\u4f46\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u597d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u9009\u578b\u53e3\u8bc0：\u5355\u94fe\u8def\u7528\u666e\u901a\u9759\u6001\u3001\u53cc\u94fe\u8def\u5197\u4f59\u7528\u6d6e\u52a8\u9759\u6001\u3001\u591a\u8282\u70b9\u52a8\u6001\u7528 OSPF\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u53cc\u94fe\u8def\u5197\u4f59\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6d6e\u52a8\u9759\u6001 + BFD\u3002<\/p>\n
\n\u4e5d\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u8e29\u5751\u6392\u67e5\u8868<\/h3>\n
\n
#\u73b0\u8c61\u6839\u56e0\u89e3\u51b3<\/tr>\n \n\n 1<\/td>\n \u5907\u4efd\u8def\u7531\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u751f\u6548<\/td>\n preference \u6570\u503c\u914d\u53cd（\u5907\u4efd\u914d\u6210\u66f4\u5c0f）<\/td>\n \u5907\u4efd preference \u8981\u66f4\u5927（\u5982 100 > 60）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 2<\/td>\n \u4e3b\u8def\u5f84\u6545\u969c\u540e\u4e1a\u52a1\u4e0d\u901a<\/td>\n \u53ea\u914d\u4e86\u53bb\u7a0b\u4e3b\u5907，\u56de\u7a0b\u6ca1\u914d<\/td>\n AR3 \u56de\u7a0b\u4e5f\u8981\u5bf9\u79f0\u914d\u4e3b\u5907，\u53cc\u5411\u5bf9\u79f0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 3<\/td>\n \u8fdc\u7aef\u6545\u969c\u4e0d\u5207\u6362<\/td>\n \u672c\u7aef\u63a5\u53e3\u4ecd up，\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u4e0d\u64a4\u9500<\/td>\n \u914d BFD\/NQA \u8054\u52a8\u68c0\u6d4b\u8fdc\u7aef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 4<\/td>\n BFD \u4f1a\u8bdd\u8d77\u4e0d\u6765<\/td>\n \u53ea\u914d\u4e86\u4e00\u7aef \/ discriminator \u6ca1\u4ea4\u53c9\u5bf9\u5e94<\/td>\n \u4e24\u7aef\u5bf9\u79f0\u914d，local\/remote \u4ea4\u53c9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 5<\/td>\n \u4e3b\u5907\u5dee\u8ddd\u592a\u5c0f\u8bef\u5207<\/td>\n preference 60 vs 65，\u8fb9\u754c\u6296\u52a8<\/td>\n \u5dee\u8ddd \u2265 30（\u63a8\u8350 60 vs 100）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 6<\/td>\n \u4e3b\u8def\u5f84\u6062\u590d\u540e\u5207\u4e0d\u56de<\/td>\n \u5907\u4efd\u8def\u7531\u7684 preference \u5199\u5f97\u6bd4\u4e3b\u8fd8\u5c0f<\/td>\n \u6838\u5bf9\u4e3b\u8def\u5f84\u4f18\u5148\u503c < \u5907\u4efd\u4f18\u5148\u503c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 7<\/td>\n \u914d\u4e86\u4e24\u6761\u540c\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u53d8\u6210\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861<\/td>\n \u4e24\u6761\u90fd\u6ca1\u5199 preference（\u90fd\u9ed8\u8ba4 60）<\/td>\n ECMP \u7b49\u4ef7，\u7ed9\u5907\u4efd\u8865 preference 100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n 8<\/td>\n tracert \u4e2d\u95f4\u8df3\u8d85\u65f6<\/td>\n \u4e2d\u95f4\u8bbe\u5907\u9650\u5236 TTL \u56de\u5e94，\u6b63\u5e38\u73b0\u8c61<\/td>\n \u4ee5\u7aef\u5230\u7aef ping \u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u51c6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u26a0\ufe0f \u6392\u67e5\u4e09\u677f\u65a7：\u2460 display ip routing-table protocol static \u770b\u54ea\u6761\u751f\u6548 \u2192 \u2461 display bfd session all \u770b BFD \u72b6\u6001 \u2192 \u2462 tracert \u770b\u5b9e\u9645\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5207\u6362\u5931\u8d25 90% \u662f\u56de\u7a0b\u6ca1\u914d\u5bf9\u79f0\u6216 BFD \u6ca1\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
\n📌 \u5199\u5728\u6700\u540e<\/h3>\n
\u6d6e\u52a8\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u7684\u7cbe\u534e\u6d53\u7f29\u6210\u4e09\u53e5：<\/p>\n
- \n
- \u540c\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u914d\u4e24\u6761\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531，preference \u62c9\u5f00\u5dee\u8ddd，\u5c0f\u7684\u5f53\u4e3b\u5927\u7684\u5f53\u5907；<\/li>\n
- \u4e3b\u5907\u53cc\u5411\u5bf9\u79f0\u914d\u7f6e，\u53ea\u914d\u53bb\u7a0b\u5355\u901a，\u6545\u969c\u5207\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6765；<\/li>\n
- \u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ea\u68c0\u6d4b\u672c\u7aef\u63a5\u53e3\u7269\u7406\u72b6\u6001，\u8fdc\u7aef\u6545\u969c\u8981\u9760 BFD\/NQA \u8054\u52a8\u624d\u80fd\u5207\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u23ed\ufe0f \u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u9884\u544a：<\/b> <\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62d3\u6251\u4e0a\u52a0 VRRP \u865a\u62df\u7f51\u5173\u5197\u4f59<\/b>，\u628a AR1\/AR3 \u6539\u6210 VRRP \u4e3b\u5907\u7f51\u5173，\u914d\u5408\u6d6e\u52a8\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u5b9e\u73b0\u7aef\u5230\u7aef + \u7f51\u5173\u7ea7\u53cc\u91cd\u5197\u4f59\u3002<\/p>\n
\u547d\u4ee4\u7eed\u5199\u6a21\u677f：[AR1] ip route-static <\u76ee\u6807> <\u63a9\u7801> <\u4e3b\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3> track bfd-session <name>\u3000｜\u3000\u5907\u4efd\u52a0 preference 100<\/p>\n
\n\u672c\u6587\u57fa\u4e8e eNSP V100R003C00 + AR2220 \u9a8c\u8bc1\u901a\u8fc7 \u00b7 \u539f\u521b：Seal_<\/sup> \u00b7 \u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u6ce8\u660e\u51fa\u5904<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u7f51\u7edc\u5197\u4f59\u5fc5\u5907 | \u6d6e\u52a8\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531（Floating Static Route）\u4e3b\u5907\u5207\u6362\u5b9e\u6218 \u534e\u4e3a eNSP \u00b7 AR2220 \u00b7 \u6d6e\u52a8\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531 \u00b7 BFD \u8054\u52a8 \u00b7 \u4e3b\u5907\u94fe\u8def\u5207\u6362 \u4e3b\u94fe\u8def\u6302\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u5c31\u762b？\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u8bb2\u900f\u300c\u4e3b\u5907\u53cc\u8def\u5f84 preference \u4f18\u5148\u503c\u5dee\u5f02 BFD \u8054\u52a8\u300d\u5168\u6d41\u7a0b，\u9644\u5b8c\u6574\u62d3\u6251\u3001\u53ef\u590d\u5236\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u6545\u969c\u5207\u6362\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e0e\u8e29\u5751\u6e05\u5355\u3002 \u5148\u8bf4\u7ed3\u8bba：\u6d6e\u52a8\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u5c31\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd \u2014\u2014 \u540c\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u914d\u4e24\u6761\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":123595,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[868,2267,167,78,44],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-123596","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-868","tag-2267","tag-167","tag-78","tag-44"],"yoast_head":"\n
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