{"id":123454,"date":"2026-11-07T10:16:59","date_gmt":"2026-11-07T02:16:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/123454.html"},"modified":"2026-11-07T10:16:59","modified_gmt":"2026-11-07T02:16:59","slug":"python%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%ef%bc%9a%e5%88%97%e8%a1%a8%e5%b5%8c%e5%a5%97%e4%b8%8e%e4%ba%8c%e7%bb%b4%e5%88%97%e8%a1%a8%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/123454.html","title":{"rendered":"Python\u57fa\u7840\uff1a\u5217\u8868\u5d4c\u5957\u4e0e\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u64cd\u4f5c\u6280\u5de7"},"content":{"rendered":"

\/* MD \/ \u5bcc\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684 .toc\uff08\u542b\u535a\u5ba2\u56ed\u642c\u5bb6\u7b49\u5d4c\u5957\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\uff1b.toc-box \u5728\u4fa7\u680f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd *\/
\n #content_views .toc,
\n \/* \u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u5e38\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u524d\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u7a7a p\uff08:empty \u4ecd\u5360 20px\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u5e76\u53bb\u6389\u907f\u514d\u9876\u7a7a\u9699 *\/
\n #content_views.markdown_views > p:empty:has(+ .toc),
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + p:empty,
\n \/* \u5bcc\u6587\u672c\u65e7\u7248\u76ee\u5f55\u6807\u8bb0 *\/
\n #content_views.htmledit_views #main-toc,
\n #content_views.htmledit_views #hr-toc,
\n #content_views.htmledit_views p[id*=\\”-toc\\”] {
\n display: none !important;
\n }
\n \/* \u76ee\u5f55\u53bb\u6389\u540e\uff0c\u7d27\u8ddf\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u6807\u9898\u4e0d\u518d\u591a\u51fa\u4e00\u5757\u4e0a\u8fb9\u8ddd *\/
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + h1,
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + h2,
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + h3,
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + h4,
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + p:empty + h1,
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + p:empty + h2,
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + p:empty + h3,
\n #content_views.markdown_views > .toc + p:empty + h4 {
\n margin-top: 0 !important;
\n }<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5f00\u7bc7：\u4e00\u5c42\u5217\u8868\u4e0d\u591f\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019<\/h3>\n

\u524d\u9762\u51e0\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u4e00\u7ef4\u5217\u8868（\u7b80\u5355\u5217\u8868）\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b66\u4e86\u4e2a\u904d\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d，\u4f60\u9047\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u5c42\u3002\u7535\u5b50\u8868\u683c\u662f\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7684（\u884c\u00d7\u5217），\u6e38\u620f\u68cb\u76d8\u662f\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7684，\u56fe\u7247\u50cf\u7d20\u4e5f\u662f\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7684\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5d4c\u5957\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2328\ufe0f \u5d4c\u5957\u5217\u8868（Nested List）\u5c31\u662f"\u5217\u8868\u91cc\u9762\u5957\u5217\u8868"\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u662f\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868，\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868，\u5f62\u6210\u884c\u548c\u5217\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f46\u5d4c\u5957\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6df1：\u4e09\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u7528\u4e8e\u4f53\u7d20\u6e38\u620f\u3001\u56db\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u7528\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u2026\u2026\u7406\u89e3\u5d4c\u5957\u5217\u8868\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u904d\u5386，\u662f\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4ece\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u5f00\u59cb，\u8bb2\u5230\u77e9\u9635\u8fd0\u7b97\u3001\u68cb\u76d8\u6e38\u620f\u3001\u6570\u636e\u900f\u89c6\u8868\u7b49\u5b9e\u6218\u5e94\u7528，\u8fd8\u4f1a\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u5d4c\u5957\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ba9\u4eba\u6389\u5751\u7684"\u5f15\u7528\u5171\u4eab"\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n

2.1 \u5b57\u9762\u91cf\u521b\u5efa（\u5c0f\u578b\u6570\u636e）<\/h4>\n

# \u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868<\/span>
\nmatrix =<\/span> [<\/span>
\n [<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>,<\/span> 6<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>7<\/span>,<\/span> 8<\/span>,<\/span> 9<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n]<\/span><\/p>\n

print<\/span>(<\/span>matrix[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> # [1, 2, 3]（\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c）<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>matrix[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> # 6（\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5217）<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>len<\/span>(<\/span>matrix)<\/span>)<\/span> # 3（3\u884c）<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>len<\/span>(<\/span>matrix[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> # 3（\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u67093\u5217）<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2 \u7528\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa（\u63a8\u8350\u65b9\u5f0f）<\/h4>\n

# \u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00：\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u521b\u5efa\u89c4\u5219\u77e9\u9635<\/span>
\n# 3\u884c4\u5217\u7684\u5168\u96f6\u77e9\u9635<\/span>
\nzeros =<\/span> [<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span> for<\/span> _ in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>4<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span> for<\/span> _ in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>zeros)<\/span> # [[0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0]]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u751f\u6210\u4e58\u6cd5\u8868<\/span>
\ntable =<\/span> [<\/span>[<\/span>i *<\/span> j for<\/span> j in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 6<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span> for<\/span> i in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 6<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> row in<\/span> table:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>row)<\/span>
\n# [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]<\/span>
\n# [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]<\/span>
\n# [3, 6, 9, 12, 15]<\/span>
\n# [4, 8, 12, 16, 20]<\/span>
\n# [5, 10, 15, 20, 25]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u751f\u6210\u5355\u4f4d\u77e9\u9635<\/span>
\nn =<\/span> 4<\/span>
\nidentity =<\/span> [<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span> if<\/span> i ==<\/span> j else<\/span> 0<\/span> for<\/span> j in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>n)<\/span>]<\/span> for<\/span> i in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>n)<\/span>]<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> row in<\/span> identity:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>row)<\/span>
\n# [1, 0, 0, 0]<\/span>
\n# [0, 1, 0, 0]<\/span>
\n# [0, 0, 1, 0]<\/span>
\n# [0, 0, 0, 1]<\/span><\/p>\n

2.3 \u26a0\ufe0f \u7ecf\u5178\u9677\u9631：\u4e58\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868<\/h4>\n

# \u8fd9\u662fPython\u4e2d\u6700\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u9677\u9631\u4e4b\u4e00！<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u9519\u8bef\u5199\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u4e09\u884c\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u5217\u8868！<\/span>
\nwrong =<\/span> [<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span> *<\/span> 4<\/span>]<\/span> *<\/span> 3<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>wrong)<\/span> # [[0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0]]<\/span>
\nwrong[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> 999<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>wrong)<\/span> # [[999, 0, 0, 0], [999, 0, 0, 0], [999, 0, 0, 0]]<\/span>
\n# \u4e09\u884c\u5168\u90e8\u53d8\u4e86！\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e09\u884c\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5f15\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e09\u4e2a"\u884c"\u662f\u5426\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>wrong[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span> is<\/span> wrong[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> # True<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>wrong[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> is<\/span> wrong[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> # True<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>(<\/span>wrong[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> id<\/span>(<\/span>wrong[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> id<\/span>(<\/span>wrong[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> # \u4e09\u4e2aid\u76f8\u540c！<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u6b63\u786e\u5199\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u65b0\u5217\u8868<\/span>
\ncorrect =<\/span> [<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span> *<\/span> 4<\/span> for<\/span> _ in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span>
\ncorrect[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> 999<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>correct)<\/span> # [[999, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0]]<\/span>
\n# \u53ea\u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u53d8\u4e86！<\/span><\/p>\n

print<\/span>(<\/span>correct[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span> is<\/span> correct[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> # False（\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61）<\/span><\/p>\n

💡 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 [[0]*4]*3 \u4e0d\u884c？\u56e0\u4e3a [[0]*4] \u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u5217\u8868 [0,0,0,0]，\u7136\u540e *3 \u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u590d\u5236\u4e86\u4e09\u4efd\u3002\u4e09\u884c\u6307\u5411\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u3002\u6c38\u8fdc\u7528\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u5d4c\u5957\u5217\u8868，\u4e0d\u8981\u7528\u4e58\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

2.4 \u521b\u5efa\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868<\/h4>\n

# \u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u77e9\u5f62\u7684（\u952f\u9f7f\u72b6\/\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219）<\/span>
\njagged =<\/span> [<\/span>
\n [<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>6<\/span>,<\/span> 7<\/span>,<\/span> 8<\/span>,<\/span> 9<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u7684\u5217\u6570<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> i,<\/span> row in<\/span> enumerate<\/span>(<\/span>jagged)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>f'\u7b2c<\/span>{<\/span>i}<\/span><\/span>\u884c\u6709<\/span>{<\/span>len<\/span>(<\/span>row)<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>\u5217: <\/span>{<\/span>row}<\/span><\/span>'<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u952f\u9f7f\u5217\u8868\u5728\u8868\u793a\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u65f6\u5f88\u6709\u7528<\/span>
\n# \u4f8b\u5982：\u90e8\u95e8\u2192\u5458\u5de5<\/span>
\ndepartments =<\/span> [<\/span>
\n [<\/span>'\u5f20\u603b'<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>'\u674e\u7ecf\u7406'<\/span>,<\/span> '\u738b\u7ecf\u7406'<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>'\u5c0f\u8d75'<\/span>,<\/span> '\u5c0f\u94b1'<\/span>,<\/span> '\u5c0f\u5b59'<\/span>,<\/span> '\u5c0f\u674e'<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0e\u904d\u5386<\/h3>\n

3.1 \u7d22\u5f15\u8bbf\u95ee<\/h4>\n

matrix =<\/span> [<\/span>
\n [<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>5<\/span>,<\/span> 6<\/span>,<\/span> 7<\/span>,<\/span> 8<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>9<\/span>,<\/span> 10<\/span>,<\/span> 11<\/span>,<\/span> 12<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u8bbf\u95ee\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20：[\u884c][\u5217]<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>matrix[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> # 1（\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217）<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>matrix[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> # 7（\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5217）<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>matrix[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>3<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> # 12（\u7b2c\u4e09\u884c\u7b2c\u56db\u5217）<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>matrix[<\/span>–<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>–<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> # 12（\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5217）<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u8bbf\u95ee\u6574\u884c<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>matrix[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> # [1, 2, 3, 4]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u8bbf\u95ee\u6574\u5217（\u7528\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f）<\/span>
\ncol_0 =<\/span> [<\/span>row[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span> for<\/span> row in<\/span> matrix]<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>col_0)<\/span> # [1, 5, 9]<\/span><\/p>\n

col_2 =<\/span> [<\/span>row[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span> for<\/span> row in<\/span> matrix]<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>col_2)<\/span> # [3, 7, 11]<\/span><\/p>\n

3.2 \u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h4>\n

matrix =<\/span> [<\/span>
\n [<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>,<\/span> 6<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>7<\/span>,<\/span> 8<\/span>,<\/span> 9<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00：\u9010\u884c\u904d\u5386（\u6700\u7b80\u5355）<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> row in<\/span> matrix:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>row)<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u65b9\u5f0f\u4e8c：\u884c\u5217\u53cc\u91cd\u5faa\u73af<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> i in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>len<\/span>(<\/span>matrix)<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> # \u904d\u5386\u884c<\/span>
\n for<\/span> j in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>len<\/span>(<\/span>matrix[<\/span>i]<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> # \u904d\u5386\u5217<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>f'matrix[<\/span>{<\/span>i}<\/span><\/span>][<\/span>{<\/span>j}<\/span><\/span>] = <\/span>{<\/span>matrix[<\/span>i]<\/span>[<\/span>j]<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>'<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u65b9\u5f0f\u4e09：enumerate\u53cc\u91cd\u5faa\u73af（\u63a8\u8350，\u6700Pythonic）<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> i,<\/span> row in<\/span> enumerate<\/span>(<\/span>matrix)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n for<\/span> j,<\/span> value in<\/span> enumerate<\/span>(<\/span>row)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>f'matrix[<\/span>{<\/span>i}<\/span><\/span>][<\/span>{<\/span>j}<\/span><\/span>] = <\/span>{<\/span>value}<\/span><\/span>'<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u65b9\u5f0f\u56db：\u9010\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5c55\u5f00\u904d\u5386<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> value in<\/span> [<\/span>cell for<\/span> row in<\/span> matrix for<\/span> cell in<\/span> row]<\/span>:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>value,<\/span> end=<\/span>' '<\/span>)<\/span> # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9<\/span><\/p>\n

3.3 \u884c\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n

matrix =<\/span> [<\/span>
\n [<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>,<\/span> 6<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>7<\/span>,<\/span> 8<\/span>,<\/span> 9<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5143\u7d20<\/span>
\nmain_diag =<\/span> [<\/span>matrix[<\/span>i]<\/span>[<\/span>i]<\/span> for<\/span> i in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>len<\/span>(<\/span>matrix)<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>f'\u4e3b\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf: <\/span>{<\/span>main_diag}<\/span><\/span>'<\/span><\/span>)<\/span> # [1, 5, 9]<\/span><\/p>\n

anti_diag =<\/span> [<\/span>matrix[<\/span>i]<\/span>[<\/span>len<\/span>(<\/span>matrix)<\/span> –<\/span> 1<\/span> –<\/span> i]<\/span> for<\/span> i in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>len<\/span>(<\/span>matrix)<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>f'\u53cd\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf: <\/span>{<\/span>anti_diag}<\/span><\/span>'<\/span><\/span>)<\/span> # [3, 5, 7]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u83b7\u53d6\u67d0\u4e00\u884c\u6216\u67d0\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u5207\u7247<\/span>
\n# \u53d6\u7b2c2\u884c（\u7d22\u5f151）\u7684\u524d2\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>matrix[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>:<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> # [4, 5]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u53d6\u7b2c1\u5217\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20<\/span>
\ncol_0 =<\/span> [<\/span>row[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span> for<\/span> row in<\/span> matrix]<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>col_0)<\/span> # [1, 4, 7]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u83b7\u53d6\u5b50\u77e9\u9635<\/span>
\ndef<\/span> submatrix<\/span>(<\/span>matrix,<\/span> row_start,<\/span> row_end,<\/span> col_start,<\/span> col_end)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u63d0\u53d6\u5b50\u77e9\u9635"""<\/span>
\n return<\/span> [<\/span>row[<\/span>col_start:<\/span>col_end]<\/span> for<\/span> row in<\/span> matrix[<\/span>row_start:<\/span>row_end]<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

print<\/span>(<\/span>submatrix(<\/span>matrix,<\/span> 0<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> # [[2, 3], [5, 6]]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u7684\u4fee\u6539<\/h3>\n

4.1 \u4fee\u6539\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u6574\u884c<\/h4>\n

matrix =<\/span> [<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> [<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>,<\/span> 6<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> [<\/span>7<\/span>,<\/span> 8<\/span>,<\/span> 9<\/span>]<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u4fee\u6539\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20<\/span>
\nmatrix[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> 99<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>matrix[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> # [4, 5, 99]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u4fee\u6539\u6574\u884c<\/span>
\nmatrix[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>10<\/span>,<\/span> 20<\/span>,<\/span> 30<\/span>]<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>matrix)<\/span> # [[10, 20, 30], [4, 5, 99], [7, 8, 9]]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u4fee\u6539\u6574\u5217（\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5faa\u73af）<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> row in<\/span> matrix:<\/span>
\n row[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> 0<\/span> # \u5c06\u7b2c2\u5217\u5168\u90e8\u8bbe\u4e3a0<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>matrix)<\/span> # [[10, 0, 30], [4, 0, 99], [7, 0, 9]]<\/span><\/p>\n

4.2 \u589e\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u884c\u5217<\/h4>\n

matrix =<\/span> [<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> [<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>,<\/span> 6<\/span>]<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u884c<\/span>
\nmatrix.<\/span>append(<\/span>[<\/span>7<\/span>,<\/span> 8<\/span>,<\/span> 9<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>matrix)<\/span> # [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u5217（\u7ed9\u6bcf\u884c\u8ffd\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20）<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> i,<\/span> row in<\/span> enumerate<\/span>(<\/span>matrix)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n row.<\/span>append(<\/span>(<\/span>i +<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span> *<\/span> 10<\/span>)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>matrix)<\/span> # [[1, 2, 3, 10], [4, 5, 6, 20], [7, 8, 9, 30]]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u884c<\/span>
\ndel<\/span> matrix[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>matrix)<\/span> # [[1, 2, 3, 10], [7, 8, 9, 30]]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u5220\u9664\u4e00\u5217<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> row in<\/span> matrix:<\/span>
\n del<\/span> row[<\/span>–<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> # \u5220\u9664\u6bcf\u884c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>matrix)<\/span> # [[1, 2, 3], [7, 8, 9]]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u884c<\/span>
\nmatrix.<\/span>insert(<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> [<\/span>100<\/span>,<\/span> 200<\/span>,<\/span> 300<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>matrix)<\/span> # [[1, 2, 3], [100, 200, 300], [7, 8, 9]]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u77e9\u9635\u8fd0\u7b97\u5b9e\u6218<\/h3>\n

5.1 \u77e9\u9635\u8f6c\u7f6e<\/h4>\n

def<\/span> transpose<\/span>(<\/span>matrix)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u8f6c\u7f6e\u77e9\u9635\u2014\u2014\u884c\u5217\u4e92\u6362"""<\/span>
\n if<\/span> not<\/span> matrix:<\/span>
\n return<\/span> [<\/span>]<\/span>
\n rows,<\/span> cols =<\/span> len<\/span>(<\/span>matrix)<\/span>,<\/span> len<\/span>(<\/span>matrix[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>
\n # \u521b\u5efa cols \u00d7 rows \u7684\u65b0\u77e9\u9635<\/span>
\n return<\/span> [<\/span>[<\/span>matrix[<\/span>i]<\/span>[<\/span>j]<\/span> for<\/span> i in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>rows)<\/span>]<\/span> for<\/span> j in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>cols)<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

matrix =<\/span> [<\/span>
\n [<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>,<\/span> 6<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n]<\/span>
\ntransposed =<\/span> transpose(<\/span>matrix)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>'\u539f\u77e9\u9635:'<\/span>)<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> row in<\/span> matrix:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>row)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>'\u8f6c\u7f6e:'<\/span>)<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> row in<\/span> transposed:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>row)<\/span>
\n# [1, 4]<\/span>
\n# [2, 5]<\/span>
\n# [3, 6]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f：\u7528zip<\/span>
\ntransposed2 =<\/span> [<\/span>list<\/span>(<\/span>col)<\/span> for<\/span> col in<\/span> zip<\/span>(<\/span>*<\/span>matrix)<\/span>]<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>transposed2)<\/span> # [[1, 4], [2, 5], [3, 6]]<\/span><\/p>\n

5.2 \u77e9\u9635\u52a0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6570\u4e58<\/h4>\n

def<\/span> matrix_add<\/span>(<\/span>a,<\/span> b)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u77e9\u9635\u52a0\u6cd5：\u5bf9\u5e94\u4f4d\u7f6e\u76f8\u52a0"""<\/span>
\n rows,<\/span> cols =<\/span> len<\/span>(<\/span>a)<\/span>,<\/span> len<\/span>(<\/span>a[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>
\n return<\/span> [<\/span>[<\/span>a[<\/span>i]<\/span>[<\/span>j]<\/span> +<\/span> b[<\/span>i]<\/span>[<\/span>j]<\/span> for<\/span> j in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>cols)<\/span>]<\/span> for<\/span> i in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>rows)<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

def<\/span> matrix_scalar_mul<\/span>(<\/span>matrix,<\/span> scalar)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u77e9\u9635\u6570\u4e58：\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u4e58\u4ee5\u6807\u91cf"""<\/span>
\n return<\/span> [<\/span>[<\/span>cell *<\/span> scalar for<\/span> cell in<\/span> row]<\/span> for<\/span> row in<\/span> matrix]<\/span><\/p>\n

a =<\/span> [<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> [<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>,<\/span> 6<\/span>]<\/span>]<\/span>
\nb =<\/span> [<\/span>[<\/span>7<\/span>,<\/span> 8<\/span>,<\/span> 9<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> [<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>]<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

print<\/span>(<\/span>'\u77e9\u9635\u52a0\u6cd5:'<\/span>)<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> row in<\/span> matrix_add(<\/span>a,<\/span> b)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>row)<\/span>
\n# [8, 10, 12]<\/span>
\n# [5, 7, 9]<\/span><\/p>\n

print<\/span>(<\/span>'\u77e9\u9635\u6570\u4e58:'<\/span>)<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> row in<\/span> matrix_scalar_mul(<\/span>a,<\/span> 2<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>row)<\/span>
\n# [2, 4, 6]<\/span>
\n# [8, 10, 12]<\/span><\/p>\n

5.3 \u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5<\/h4>\n

def<\/span> matrix_multiply<\/span>(<\/span>a,<\/span> b)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5：a\u7684\u884c\u6570 \u00d7 b\u7684\u5217\u6570"""<\/span>
\n if<\/span> not<\/span> a or<\/span> not<\/span> b:<\/span>
\n return<\/span> [<\/span>]<\/span>
\n if<\/span> len<\/span>(<\/span>a[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> !=<\/span> len<\/span>(<\/span>b)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n raise<\/span> ValueError(<\/span>'\u77e9\u9635\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e0d\u5339\u914d'<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

rows_a,<\/span> cols_a =<\/span> len<\/span>(<\/span>a)<\/span>,<\/span> len<\/span>(<\/span>a[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>
\n cols_b =<\/span> len<\/span>(<\/span>b[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

result =<\/span> [<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span> *<\/span> cols_b for<\/span> _ in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>rows_a)<\/span>]<\/span>
\n for<\/span> i in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>rows_a)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n for<\/span> j in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>cols_b)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n result[<\/span>i]<\/span>[<\/span>j]<\/span> =<\/span> sum<\/span>(<\/span>a[<\/span>i]<\/span>[<\/span>k]<\/span> *<\/span> b[<\/span>k]<\/span>[<\/span>j]<\/span> for<\/span> k in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>cols_a)<\/span>)<\/span>
\n return<\/span> result<\/p>\n

a =<\/span> [<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> [<\/span>4<\/span>,<\/span> 5<\/span>,<\/span> 6<\/span>]<\/span>]<\/span> # 2\u00d73<\/span>
\nb =<\/span> [<\/span>[<\/span>7<\/span>,<\/span> 8<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> [<\/span>9<\/span>,<\/span> 10<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> [<\/span>11<\/span>,<\/span> 12<\/span>]<\/span>]<\/span> # 3\u00d72<\/span><\/p>\n

c =<\/span> matrix_multiply(<\/span>a,<\/span> b)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>'\u77e9\u9635\u4e58\u6cd5\u7ed3\u679c (2\u00d72):'<\/span>)<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> row in<\/span> c:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>row)<\/span>
\n# [58, 64]<\/span>
\n# [139, 154]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u9a8c\u8bc1：c[0][0] = 1*7 + 2*9 + 3*11 = 7 + 18 + 33 = 58 \u2713<\/span><\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u68cb\u76d8\u6e38\u620f\u2014\u2014\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n

6.1 \u4e95\u5b57\u68cb（Tic-Tac-Toe）<\/h4>\n

class<\/span> TicTacToe<\/span>:<\/span>
\n def<\/span> __init__<\/span>(<\/span>self)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n # 3\u00d73\u7684\u68cb\u76d8<\/span>
\n self.<\/span>board =<\/span> [<\/span>[<\/span>' '<\/span> for<\/span> _ in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span> for<\/span> _ in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span>
\n self.<\/span>current_player =<\/span> 'X'<\/span><\/p>\n

def<\/span> display<\/span>(<\/span>self)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u663e\u793a\u68cb\u76d8"""<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>' 0 1 2'<\/span>)<\/span>
\n for<\/span> i,<\/span> row in<\/span> enumerate<\/span>(<\/span>self.<\/span>board)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>f'<\/span>{<\/span>i}<\/span><\/span> '<\/span><\/span> +<\/span> ' | '<\/span>.<\/span>join(<\/span>row)<\/span>)<\/span>
\n if<\/span> i <<\/span> 2<\/span>:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>' —+—+—'<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

def<\/span> make_move<\/span>(<\/span>self,<\/span> row,<\/span> col)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u843d\u5b50"""<\/span>
\n if<\/span> self.<\/span>board[<\/span>row]<\/span>[<\/span>col]<\/span> !=<\/span> ' '<\/span>:<\/span>
\n return<\/span> False<\/span>
\n self.<\/span>board[<\/span>row]<\/span>[<\/span>col]<\/span> =<\/span> self.<\/span>current_player
\n self.<\/span>current_player =<\/span> 'O'<\/span> if<\/span> self.<\/span>current_player ==<\/span> 'X'<\/span> else<\/span> 'X'<\/span>
\n return<\/span> True<\/span><\/p>\n

def<\/span> check_winner<\/span>(<\/span>self)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8d62\u5bb6"""<\/span>
\n b =<\/span> self.<\/span>board
\n # \u68c0\u67e5\u884c<\/span>
\n for<\/span> row in<\/span> b:<\/span>
\n if<\/span> row[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span> ==<\/span> row[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> ==<\/span> row[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span> !=<\/span> ' '<\/span>:<\/span>
\n return<\/span> row[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>
\n # \u68c0\u67e5\u5217<\/span>
\n for<\/span> col in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n if<\/span> b[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>col]<\/span> ==<\/span> b[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>col]<\/span> ==<\/span> b[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>col]<\/span> !=<\/span> ' '<\/span>:<\/span>
\n return<\/span> b[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>col]<\/span>
\n # \u68c0\u67e5\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf<\/span>
\n if<\/span> b[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span> ==<\/span> b[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> ==<\/span> b[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span> !=<\/span> ' '<\/span>:<\/span>
\n return<\/span> b[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>
\n if<\/span> b[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span> ==<\/span> b[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> ==<\/span> b[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span> !=<\/span> ' '<\/span>:<\/span>
\n return<\/span> b[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span>
\n # \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5e73\u5c40<\/span>
\n if<\/span> all<\/span>(<\/span>cell !=<\/span> ' '<\/span> for<\/span> row in<\/span> b for<\/span> cell in<\/span> row)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n return<\/span> '\u5e73\u5c40'<\/span>
\n return<\/span> None<\/span><\/p>\n

def<\/span> get_empty_cells<\/span>(<\/span>self)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7a7a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e"""<\/span>
\n return<\/span> [<\/span>(<\/span>i,<\/span> j)<\/span> for<\/span> i in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span> for<\/span> j in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span>
\n if<\/span> self.<\/span>board[<\/span>i]<\/span>[<\/span>j]<\/span> ==<\/span> ' '<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

6.2 \u626b\u96f7\u2014\u2014\u751f\u6210\u68cb\u76d8<\/h4>\n

import<\/span> random<\/p>\n

def<\/span> create_minesweeper<\/span>(<\/span>rows,<\/span> cols,<\/span> mines)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u521b\u5efa\u626b\u96f7\u68cb\u76d8"""<\/span>
\n # \u521b\u5efa\u7a7a\u68cb\u76d8<\/span>
\n board =<\/span> [<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span> for<\/span> _ in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>cols)<\/span>]<\/span> for<\/span> _ in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>rows)<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u968f\u673a\u653e\u7f6e\u5730\u96f7<\/span>
\n mine_positions =<\/span> set<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n while<\/span> len<\/span>(<\/span>mine_positions)<\/span> <<\/span> mines:<\/span>
\n r =<\/span> random.<\/span>randint(<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> rows –<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span>
\n c =<\/span> random.<\/span>randint(<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span> cols –<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span>
\n mine_positions.<\/span>add(<\/span>(<\/span>r,<\/span> c)<\/span>)<\/span>
\n board[<\/span>r]<\/span>[<\/span>c]<\/span> =<\/span> –<\/span>1<\/span> # -1\u8868\u793a\u5730\u96f7<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u975e\u96f7\u683c\u5b50\u7684\u6570\u5b57（\u5468\u56f48\u683c\u7684\u5730\u96f7\u6570）<\/span>
\n directions =<\/span> [<\/span>(<\/span>–<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span>–<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>–<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span>0<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>–<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span>–<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>
\n (<\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span>–<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span>0<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

for<\/span> r,<\/span> c in<\/span> mine_positions:<\/span>
\n for<\/span> dr,<\/span> dc in<\/span> directions:<\/span>
\n nr,<\/span> nc =<\/span> r +<\/span> dr,<\/span> c +<\/span> dc
\n if<\/span> 0<\/span> <=<\/span> nr <<\/span> rows and<\/span> 0<\/span> <=<\/span> nc <<\/span> cols and<\/span> board[<\/span>nr]<\/span>[<\/span>nc]<\/span> !=<\/span> –<\/span>1<\/span>:<\/span>
\n board[<\/span>nr]<\/span>[<\/span>nc]<\/span> +=<\/span> 1<\/span><\/p>\n

return<\/span> board<\/p>\n

board =<\/span> create_minesweeper(<\/span>8<\/span>,<\/span> 8<\/span>,<\/span> 10<\/span>)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>'\u626b\u96f7\u68cb\u76d8（-1=\u96f7，\u6570\u5b57=\u5468\u56f4\u96f7\u6570）:'<\/span>)<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> row in<\/span> board:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>' '<\/span>.<\/span>join(<\/span>f'<\/span>{<\/span>cell:<\/span>2d<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>'<\/span><\/span> for<\/span> cell in<\/span> row)<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001\u6570\u636e\u8868\u683c\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n

7.1 CSV\u5230\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868<\/h4>\n

def<\/span> parse_csv_to_matrix<\/span>(<\/span>text,<\/span> delimiter=<\/span>','<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u5c06CSV\u6587\u672c\u89e3\u6790\u4e3a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868"""<\/span>
\n lines =<\/span> text.<\/span>strip(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>split(<\/span>'\\\\n'<\/span>)<\/span>
\n return<\/span> [<\/span>line.<\/span>split(<\/span>delimiter)<\/span> for<\/span> line in<\/span> lines if<\/span> line.<\/span>strip(<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

csv_text =<\/span> '''
\n\u59d3\u540d,\u5e74\u9f84,\u57ce\u5e02,\u804c\u4e1a
\n\u5c0f\u660e,25,\u5317\u4eac,\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08
\n\u5c0f\u7ea2,23,\u4e0a\u6d77,\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08
\n\u5c0f\u521a,26,\u5e7f\u5dde,\u5206\u6790\u5e08
\n'''<\/span><\/p>\n

data =<\/span> parse_csv_to_matrix(<\/span>csv_text)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>'\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e:'<\/span>)<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> row in<\/span> data:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>row)<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u6309\u5217\u6392\u5e8f<\/span>
\ndef<\/span> sort_by_column<\/span>(<\/span>data,<\/span> col_index,<\/span> numeric=<\/span>False<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u6309\u6307\u5b9a\u5217\u6392\u5e8f\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868"""<\/span>
\n headers =<\/span> data[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>
\n body =<\/span> data[<\/span>1<\/span>:<\/span>]<\/span>
\n if<\/span> numeric:<\/span>
\n body.<\/span>sort(<\/span>key=<\/span>lambda<\/span> row:<\/span> float<\/span>(<\/span>row[<\/span>col_index]<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>
\n else<\/span>:<\/span>
\n body.<\/span>sort(<\/span>key=<\/span>lambda<\/span> row:<\/span> row[<\/span>col_index]<\/span>)<\/span>
\n return<\/span> [<\/span>headers]<\/span> +<\/span> body<\/p>\n

sorted_data =<\/span> sort_by_column(<\/span>data,<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span> numeric=<\/span>True<\/span>)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>'\\\\n\u6309\u5e74\u9f84\u6392\u5e8f:'<\/span>)<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> row in<\/span> sorted_data:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>row)<\/span><\/p>\n

7.2 \u6570\u636e\u900f\u89c6<\/h4>\n

def<\/span> pivot_table<\/span>(<\/span>data,<\/span> row_field,<\/span> col_field,<\/span> value_field,<\/span> agg_func=<\/span>sum<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """
\n \u7528\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u6a21\u62df\u6570\u636e\u900f\u89c6\u8868
\n data: \u5b57\u5178\u5217\u8868
\n """<\/span>
\n # \u6536\u96c6\u6240\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u884c\u548c\u5217\u503c<\/span>
\n row_values =<\/span> sorted<\/span>(<\/span>set<\/span>(<\/span>d[<\/span>row_field]<\/span> for<\/span> d in<\/span> data)<\/span>)<\/span>
\n col_values =<\/span> sorted<\/span>(<\/span>set<\/span>(<\/span>d[<\/span>col_field]<\/span> for<\/span> d in<\/span> data)<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u521b\u5efa\u900f\u89c6\u8868<\/span>
\n pivot =<\/span> [<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span> for<\/span> _ in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>len<\/span>(<\/span>col_values)<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span> for<\/span> _ in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>len<\/span>(<\/span>row_values)<\/span>)<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u5efa\u7acb\u7d22\u5f15\u6620\u5c04<\/span>
\n row_idx =<\/span> {<\/span>v:<\/span> i for<\/span> i,<\/span> v in<\/span> enumerate<\/span>(<\/span>row_values)<\/span>}<\/span>
\n col_idx =<\/span> {<\/span>v:<\/span> i for<\/span> i,<\/span> v in<\/span> enumerate<\/span>(<\/span>col_values)<\/span>}<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u6309\u884c\u5217\u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e<\/span>
\n groups =<\/span> {<\/span>}<\/span>
\n for<\/span> record in<\/span> data:<\/span>
\n key =<\/span> (<\/span>record[<\/span>row_field]<\/span>,<\/span> record[<\/span>col_field]<\/span>)<\/span>
\n if<\/span> key not<\/span> in<\/span> groups:<\/span>
\n groups[<\/span>key]<\/span> =<\/span> [<\/span>]<\/span>
\n groups[<\/span>key]<\/span>.<\/span>append(<\/span>record[<\/span>value_field]<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u586b\u5145\u900f\u89c6\u8868<\/span>
\n for<\/span> (<\/span>r,<\/span> c)<\/span>,<\/span> values in<\/span> groups.<\/span>items(<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n pivot[<\/span>row_idx[<\/span>r]<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>col_idx[<\/span>c]<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> agg_func(<\/span>values)<\/span><\/p>\n

return<\/span> pivot,<\/span> row_values,<\/span> col_values<\/p>\n

sales_data =<\/span> [<\/span>
\n {<\/span>'\u6708\u4efd'<\/span>:<\/span> '1\u6708'<\/span>,<\/span> '\u4ea7\u54c1'<\/span>:<\/span> 'A'<\/span>,<\/span> '\u9500\u552e\u989d'<\/span>:<\/span> 100<\/span>}<\/span>,<\/span>
\n {<\/span>'\u6708\u4efd'<\/span>:<\/span> '1\u6708'<\/span>,<\/span> '\u4ea7\u54c1'<\/span>:<\/span> 'B'<\/span>,<\/span> '\u9500\u552e\u989d'<\/span>:<\/span> 150<\/span>}<\/span>,<\/span>
\n {<\/span>'\u6708\u4efd'<\/span>:<\/span> '1\u6708'<\/span>,<\/span> '\u4ea7\u54c1'<\/span>:<\/span> 'A'<\/span>,<\/span> '\u9500\u552e\u989d'<\/span>:<\/span> 200<\/span>}<\/span>,<\/span>
\n {<\/span>'\u6708\u4efd'<\/span>:<\/span> '2\u6708'<\/span>,<\/span> '\u4ea7\u54c1'<\/span>:<\/span> 'A'<\/span>,<\/span> '\u9500\u552e\u989d'<\/span>:<\/span> 120<\/span>}<\/span>,<\/span>
\n {<\/span>'\u6708\u4efd'<\/span>:<\/span> '2\u6708'<\/span>,<\/span> '\u4ea7\u54c1'<\/span>:<\/span> 'B'<\/span>,<\/span> '\u9500\u552e\u989d'<\/span>:<\/span> 180<\/span>}<\/span>,<\/span>
\n {<\/span>'\u6708\u4efd'<\/span>:<\/span> '3\u6708'<\/span>,<\/span> '\u4ea7\u54c1'<\/span>:<\/span> 'A'<\/span>,<\/span> '\u9500\u552e\u989d'<\/span>:<\/span> 90<\/span>}<\/span>,<\/span>
\n {<\/span>'\u6708\u4efd'<\/span>:<\/span> '3\u6708'<\/span>,<\/span> '\u4ea7\u54c1'<\/span>:<\/span> 'B'<\/span>,<\/span> '\u9500\u552e\u989d'<\/span>:<\/span> 160<\/span>}<\/span>,<\/span>
\n]<\/span><\/p>\n

pivot,<\/span> rows,<\/span> cols =<\/span> pivot_table(<\/span>sales_data,<\/span> '\u6708\u4efd'<\/span>,<\/span> '\u4ea7\u54c1'<\/span>,<\/span> '\u9500\u552e\u989d'<\/span>,<\/span> sum<\/span>)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>'\u6570\u636e\u900f\u89c6\u8868:'<\/span>)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>f'<\/span>{<\/span>""<\/span>:<\/span>>6<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>'<\/span><\/span>,<\/span> end=<\/span>''<\/span>)<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> c in<\/span> cols:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>f'<\/span>{<\/span>c:<\/span>>8<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>'<\/span><\/span>,<\/span> end=<\/span>''<\/span>)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> i,<\/span> r in<\/span> enumerate<\/span>(<\/span>rows)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>f'<\/span>{<\/span>r:<\/span>>6<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>'<\/span><\/span>,<\/span> end=<\/span>''<\/span>)<\/span>
\n for<\/span> j in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>len<\/span>(<\/span>cols)<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>f'<\/span>{<\/span>pivot[<\/span>i]<\/span>[<\/span>j]<\/span>:<\/span>>8<\/span>}<\/span><\/span>'<\/span><\/span>,<\/span> end=<\/span>''<\/span>)<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u516b\u3001\u4e09\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u4e0e\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ef4<\/h3>\n

8.1 \u4e09\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u57fa\u7840<\/h4>\n

# \u4e09\u7ef4\u5217\u8868 = \u591a\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5e73\u9762\u7684\u5806\u53e0<\/span>
\n# \u4f8b\u5982：2\u4e2a\u5e73\u9762 \u00d7 3\u884c \u00d7 4\u5217<\/span><\/p>\n

cube =<\/span> [<\/span>
\n [<\/span> # \u5e73\u97620<\/span>
\n [<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>5<\/span>,<\/span> 6<\/span>,<\/span> 7<\/span>,<\/span> 8<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>9<\/span>,<\/span> 10<\/span>,<\/span> 11<\/span>,<\/span> 12<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n ]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span> # \u5e73\u97621<\/span>
\n [<\/span>13<\/span>,<\/span> 14<\/span>,<\/span> 15<\/span>,<\/span> 16<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>17<\/span>,<\/span> 18<\/span>,<\/span> 19<\/span>,<\/span> 20<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n [<\/span>21<\/span>,<\/span> 22<\/span>,<\/span> 23<\/span>,<\/span> 24<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n ]<\/span>,<\/span>
\n]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u8bbf\u95ee：[\u5e73\u9762][\u884c][\u5217]<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>cube[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> # 7（\u5e73\u97620，\u884c1，\u52172）<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>cube[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>3<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span> # 24（\u5e73\u97621，\u884c2，\u52173）<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u904d\u5386\u4e09\u7ef4\u5217\u8868<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> p,<\/span> plane in<\/span> enumerate<\/span>(<\/span>cube)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>f'\u5e73\u9762 <\/span>{<\/span>p}<\/span><\/span>:'<\/span><\/span>)<\/span>
\n for<\/span> row in<\/span> plane:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>f' <\/span>{<\/span>row}<\/span><\/span>'<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u4e09\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u5e94\u7528：RGB\u56fe\u50cf<\/span>
\n# shape: [\u901a\u9053][\u884c][\u5217] \u2192 [3][height][width]<\/span>
\n# \u901a\u90530=R, \u901a\u90531=G, \u901a\u90532=B<\/span><\/p>\n

8.2 \u521b\u5efa\u4e09\u7ef4\u5217\u8868（\u907f\u514d\u5f15\u7528\u9677\u9631）<\/h4>\n

# \u9519\u8bef\u505a\u6cd5（\u5f15\u7528\u5171\u4eab！）<\/span>
\n# cube = [[[0]*3]*4]*2 # \u5e73\u9762\u95f4\u3001\u884c\u95f4\u90fd\u4f1a\u5171\u4eab\u5f15\u7528！<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5：\u5d4c\u5957\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f<\/span>
\ndepth,<\/span> rows,<\/span> cols =<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> 3<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>
\ncube =<\/span> [<\/span>[<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span> for<\/span> _ in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>cols)<\/span>]<\/span> for<\/span> _ in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>rows)<\/span>]<\/span> for<\/span> _ in<\/span> range<\/span>(<\/span>depth)<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

cube[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>2<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> 99<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>'\u5e73\u97620\u4fee\u6539\u540e:'<\/span>)<\/span>
\nfor<\/span> plane in<\/span> cube:<\/span>
\n for<\/span> row in<\/span> plane:<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>row)<\/span>
\n print<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>
\n# \u53ea\u6709\u5e73\u97620\u7684\u884c1\u52172\u53d8\u621099，\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e5d\u3001\u5d4c\u5957\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e0e\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d<\/h3>\n

9.1 \u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n

import<\/span> copy<\/p>\n

original =<\/span> [<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> [<\/span>3<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>]<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u590d\u5236\u5916\u5c42\u5217\u8868<\/span>
\nshallow =<\/span> original[<\/span>:<\/span>]<\/span>
\n# shallow = original.copy()<\/span>
\n# shallow = list(original)<\/span>
\n# shallow = copy.copy(original)<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u4fee\u6539\u5916\u5c42\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u539f\u5217\u8868<\/span>
\nshallow.<\/span>append(<\/span>[<\/span>5<\/span>,<\/span> 6<\/span>]<\/span>)<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>original)<\/span> # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]（\u4e0d\u53d8）<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u4fee\u6539\u5185\u5c42\u2014\u2014\u5f71\u54cd\u539f\u5217\u8868！<\/span>
\nshallow[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> 999<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>original)<\/span> # [[999, 2], [3, 4]]（\u53d8\u4e86！）<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>shallow)<\/span> # [[999, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]<\/span><\/p>\n

9.2 \u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d\u89e3\u51b3<\/h4>\n

original =<\/span> [<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>,<\/span> 2<\/span>]<\/span>,<\/span> [<\/span>3<\/span>,<\/span> 4<\/span>]<\/span>]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d\u2014\u2014\u9012\u5f52\u590d\u5236\u6240\u6709\u5c42\u7ea7<\/span>
\ndeep =<\/span> copy.<\/span>deepcopy(<\/span>original)<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u4fee\u6539\u5185\u5c42\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u539f\u5217\u8868<\/span>
\ndeep[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> 999<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>original)<\/span> # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]（\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53d8）<\/span>
\nprint<\/span>(<\/span>deep)<\/span> # [[999, 2], [3, 4]]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u624b\u52a8\u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868（\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u60f3\u5bfc\u5165copy\u6a21\u5757）<\/span>
\ndef<\/span> manual_deep_copy_2d<\/span>(<\/span>matrix)<\/span>:<\/span>
\n """\u624b\u52a8\u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868"""<\/span>
\n return<\/span> [<\/span>row[<\/span>:<\/span>]<\/span> for<\/span> row in<\/span> matrix]<\/span><\/p>\n

# \u4f46\u8fd9\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e8c\u7ef4！\u4e09\u7ef4\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u7528copy.deepcopy<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5341\u3001\u672c\u7bc7\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/h3>\n

\u2705 \u5d4c\u5957\u5217\u8868（\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868）\u662f\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u7684\u57fa\u7840：<\/p>\n

  • \u521b\u5efa：\u6c38\u8fdc\u7528\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u5d4c\u5957\u5217\u8868，\u4e0d\u7528\u4e58\u6cd5（[[0]*n]*m\u4f1a\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5c42\u5f15\u7528）<\/li>\n
  • \u8bbf\u95ee：matrix[\u884c][\u5217]，\u652f\u6301\u8d1f\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u5207\u7247<\/li>\n
  • \u4fee\u6539：\u4fee\u6539\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u76f4\u63a5\u7d22\u5f15\u8d4b\u503c，\u4fee\u6539\u6574\u5217\u9700\u8981\u5faa\u73af<\/li>\n
  • \u904d\u5386：enumerate\u53cc\u91cd\u5faa\u73af\u662f\u6700Pythonic\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/li>\n
  • \u77e9\u9635\u8fd0\u7b97：\u8f6c\u7f6e（zip\u6216\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f）\u3001\u52a0\u6cd5\u3001\u4e58\u6cd5\u662f\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n
  • \u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d：\u5d4c\u5957\u5217\u8868\u590d\u5236\u65f6\u6ce8\u610f\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\u53ea\u590d\u5236\u5916\u5c42，\u5185\u5c42\u5bf9\u8c61\u5171\u4eab<\/li>\n

    📝 \u5d4c\u5957\u5217\u8868\u662f\u8fde\u63a5"\u7b80\u5355\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784"\u548c"\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528"\u7684\u6865\u6881\u3002\u4ece\u4e95\u5b57\u68cb\u5230\u6570\u636e\u900f\u89c6\u8868，\u4ece\u626b\u96f7\u5230\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u2014\u2014\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u907f\u5f00\u5f15\u7528\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u9677\u9631，\u662f\u638c\u63e1\u5d4c\u5957\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u79bb\u5f00\u5217\u8868，\u8fdb\u5165Python\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u5e8f\u5217\u2014\u2014\u5143\u7ec4tuple\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7279\u6027\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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