{"id":122880,"date":"2026-11-05T23:16:47","date_gmt":"2026-11-05T15:16:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/122880.html"},"modified":"2026-11-05T23:16:47","modified_gmt":"2026-11-05T15:16:47","slug":"mysql-%e5%8d%95%e7%82%b9%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3%ef%bc%8816%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/122880.html","title":{"rendered":"MySQL \u5355\u70b9\u8be6\u89e3\uff0816\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>        \/* MD \/ \u5bcc\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684 .toc\uff08\u542b\u535a\u5ba2\u56ed\u642c\u5bb6\u7b49\u5d4c\u5957\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\uff1b.toc-box \u5728\u4fa7\u680f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd *\/<br \/>\n        #content_views .toc,<br \/>\n        \/* \u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u5e38\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u524d\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u7a7a p\uff08:empty \u4ecd\u5360 20px\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u5e76\u53bb\u6389\u907f\u514d\u9876\u7a7a\u9699 *\/<br \/>\n        #content_views.markdown_views &gt; p:empty:has(+ .toc),<br \/>\n        #content_views.markdown_views &gt; .toc + p:empty,<br \/>\n        \/* \u5bcc\u6587\u672c\u65e7\u7248\u76ee\u5f55\u6807\u8bb0 *\/<br \/>\n        #content_views.htmledit_views #main-toc,<br \/>\n        #content_views.htmledit_views #hr-toc,<br \/>\n        #content_views.htmledit_views p[id*=\\&#8221;-toc\\&#8221;] {<br \/>\n          display: none !important;<br \/>\n        }<br \/>\n        \/* \u76ee\u5f55\u53bb\u6389\u540e\uff0c\u7d27\u8ddf\u7684\u9996\u4e2a\u6807\u9898\u4e0d\u518d\u591a\u51fa\u4e00\u5757\u4e0a\u8fb9\u8ddd *\/<br \/>\n        #content_views.markdown_views &gt; .toc + h1,<br \/>\n        #content_views.markdown_views &gt; .toc + h2,<br \/>\n        #content_views.markdown_views &gt; .toc + h3,<br \/>\n        #content_views.markdown_views &gt; .toc + h4,<br \/>\n        #content_views.markdown_views &gt; .toc + p:empty + h1,<br \/>\n        #content_views.markdown_views &gt; .toc + p:empty + h2,<br \/>\n        #content_views.markdown_views &gt; .toc + p:empty + h3,<br \/>\n        #content_views.markdown_views &gt; .toc + p:empty + h4 {<br \/>\n          margin-top: 0 !important;<br \/>\n        }<\/p>\n<h2>MySQL \u5355\u70b9\u8be6\u89e3&#xff08;16&#xff09;&#xff1a;\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u7a81\u7136\u53d8\u6162&#xff0c;\u6309\u4ec0\u4e48\u987a\u5e8f\u67e5<\/h2>\n<p>\u9762\u8bd5\u5b98&#xff1a;\u7ebf\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761 SQL \u53d8\u6162\u4e86&#xff0c;\u600e\u4e48\u6392\u67e5&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u9762\u8bd5\u5b98&#xff1a;\u52a0\u4e86\u7d22\u5f15\u8fd8\u662f\u6162&#xff0c;\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u770b\u4ec0\u4e48&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u6392\u67e5\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u662f\u80cc\u547d\u4ee4&#xff0c;\u662f\u5148\u5b9a\u6027&#xff1a;\u4e00\u76f4\u6162\u662f\u5199\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u7a81\u7136\u6162\u662f\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b9a\u6027\u9519\u4e86&#xff0c;\u540e\u9762\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u767d\u505a\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e00\u3001\u5148\u5206\u6e05\u4e00\u76f4\u6162\u8fd8\u662f\u7a81\u7136\u6162<\/h3>\n<p>\u8868\u2460 \u4e24\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61&#xff0c;\u6307\u5411\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u539f\u56e0<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u73b0\u8c61\u5148\u5728\u54ea\u513f\u627e\u539f\u56e0<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4e0a\u7ebf\u5c31\u6162&#xff0c;\u4e00\u76f4\u6162<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6ca1\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u5931\u6548\u3001\u5199\u6cd5\u6709\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u67e5\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u8dd1\u5f88\u4e45\u90fd\u6b63\u5e38&#xff0c;\u7a81\u7136\u6162<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u6da8\u4e86\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u53d8\u4e86\u3001\u9501\u7b49\u5f85\u3001\u5237\u810f&#xff0c;\u67e5\u73b0\u573a\u72b6\u6001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u53ea\u7528\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u5c31\u80fd\u95ee\u51fa\u6765&#xff1a;\u8fd9\u6761 SQL \u6628\u5929\u5feb\u4e0d\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54\u201c\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u5feb\u201d&#xff0c;\u5f80\u5199\u6cd5\u4e0a\u67e5&#xff1b;\u7b54\u201c\u6628\u5929\u8fd8\u5f88\u5feb\u201d&#xff0c;\u522b\u6025\u7740\u6539 SQL&#xff0c;\u5148\u770b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u6162\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h3>\n<p>\u8868\u2461 \u56db\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u53c2\u6570\u4f5c\u7528<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">slow_query_log<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u5f00\u5173&#xff0c;\u751f\u4ea7\u5fc5\u987b\u6253\u5f00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">long_query_time<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u9608\u503c&#xff0c;\u9ed8\u8ba4 10 \u79d2&#xff0c;\u5efa\u8bae\u6539\u6210 1 \u79d2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">log_queries_not_using_indexes<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u987a\u624b\u8bb0\u4e0b\u6ca1\u8d70\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u8bed\u53e5&#xff0c;\u91cf\u5927\u4f1a\u6491\u7206\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">pt-query-digest<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u628a\u65e5\u5fd7\u805a\u5408\u6210\u6309\u8017\u65f6\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u62a5\u8868<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u6162\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u5728\u5355\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55&#xff0c;\u5728\u805a\u5408\u3002\u51e0\u5343\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u773c\u775b\u770b\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49&#xff0c;\u6309\u603b\u8017\u65f6\u6392\u5e8f\u4e4b\u540e&#xff0c;\u5f80\u5f80\u524d\u4e09\u6761\u5c31\u5360\u4e86\u516b\u6210\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u770b\u805a\u5408\u62a5\u8868\u65f6\u4f18\u5148\u770b\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570&#xff1a;\u603b\u8017\u65f6\u5360\u6bd4\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u626b\u63cf\u884c\u6570\u3002\u524d\u8005\u8bf4\u660e\u5f71\u54cd\u9762&#xff0c;\u540e\u8005\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u6761 SQL \u672c\u8eab\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e09\u3001\u62ff\u5230 SQL \u4e4b\u540e\u6309\u56db\u6b65\u8d70<\/h3>\n<p>\u8868\u2462 \u56db\u6b65&#xff0c;\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u80fd\u53cd<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\u6b65\u9aa4\u770b\u4ec0\u4e48\u5224\u65ad<\/tr>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4e00\u3001\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">key\u3001type\u3001rows\u3001Extra<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u8d70\u7d22\u5f15&#xff0c;\u8d70\u5f97\u597d\u4e0d\u597d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4e8c\u3001\u626b\u63cf\u4e0e\u56de\u8868<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">rows \u4e0e\u8fd4\u56de\u884c\u6570\u7684\u6bd4\u503c<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u626b\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u53ea\u8fd4\u56de\u51e0\u884c&#xff0c;\u662f\u7d22\u5f15\u95ee\u9898<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u4e09\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u533a\u5206\u5ea6<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u7d22\u5f15\u5bf9\u4e86\u4f46\u9009\u62e9\u7387\u5dee&#xff0c;\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6162<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"left\">\u56db\u3001\u73b0\u573a\u72b6\u6001<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u9501\u7b49\u5f85\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3001CPU\u3001IO<\/td>\n<td align=\"left\">\u524d\u4e09\u6b65\u90fd\u6b63\u5e38&#xff0c;\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u522b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u6321\u4f4f\u4e86<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u662f explain&#xff0c;\u524d\u9762\u7684\u7b2c 10 \u671f\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bb2\u8fc7\u600e\u4e48\u8bfb&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u7528\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd&#xff1a;key \u4e3a\u7a7a\u8bf4\u660e\u6ca1\u8d70\u7d22\u5f15&#xff0c;type \u662f index \u8bf4\u660e\u626b\u4e86\u6574\u68f5\u7d22\u5f15\u6811&#xff0c;\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d\u7b97\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u770b\u6bd4\u503c\u3002\u626b\u5341\u4e07\u884c\u8fd4\u56de\u5341\u884c&#xff0c;\u8bf4\u660e\u7d22\u5f15\u53ea\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u6392\u5e8f\u4f5c\u7528&#xff0c;\u6ca1\u8d77\u5230\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4f5c\u7528&#xff0c;\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u7d22\u5f15\u8bbe\u8ba1&#xff1b;\u626b\u5341\u4e07\u884c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e5d\u4e07\u884c&#xff0c;\u90a3\u662f\u67e5\u8be2\u672c\u8eab\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u591a&#xff0c;\u52a0\u7d22\u5f15\u6551\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8df3\u8fc7&#xff0c;\u4f46\u5b83\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u5927\u534a\u201c\u7a81\u7136\u53d8\u6162\u201d\u3002\u4e09\u79cd\u5178\u578b&#xff1a;\u4e00\u662f\u9501\u7b49\u5f85&#xff0c;\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6ca1\u63d0\u4ea4&#xff0c;\u540e\u9762\u5168\u6392\u961f&#xff1b;\u4e8c\u662f MDL \u7b49\u5f85&#xff0c;\u4e00\u4e2a DDL \u62ff\u4e0d\u5230\u5143\u6570\u636e\u9501&#xff0c;\u628a\u8fd9\u5f20\u8868\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u90fd\u5835\u4f4f&#xff1b;\u4e09\u662f\u5237\u810f&#xff0c;\u5199\u5165\u7a81\u589e\u5bfc\u81f4\u810f\u9875\u5237\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6765&#xff0c;\u7528\u6237\u7ebf\u7a0b\u88ab\u8feb\u4e0b\u573a\u5237\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u56db\u3001\u51e0\u79cd\u4e00\u773c\u80fd\u8ba4\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/h3>\n<p>\u6539\u4e86\u7d22\u5f15\u5374\u6ca1\u751f\u6548&#xff0c;\u516b\u6210\u662f\u7b2c 04 \u671f\u90a3\u51e0\u79cd&#xff1a;\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5305\u88f9\u3001\u524d\u5bfc\u6a21\u7cca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u7a81\u7136\u53d8\u4e86&#xff0c;\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u51c6\u3002\u4f18\u5316\u5668\u6309\u91c7\u6837\u4f30\u7b97&#xff0c;\u6570\u636e\u503e\u659c\u4e25\u91cd\u65f6\u4f1a\u9009\u9519\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u4e34\u65f6\u529e\u6cd5\u662f analyze table \u91cd\u7b97\u7edf\u8ba1&#xff0c;\u6216\u8005 force index \u5148\u9876\u4f4f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f13\u5b58\u5168\u51b7&#xff0c;\u91cd\u542f\u4e4b\u540e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u67e5\u8be2\u5fc5\u7136\u6162&#xff0c;\u8dd1\u4e00\u9635\u81ea\u5df1\u4f1a\u597d&#xff0c;\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u7528\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u6253\u6ee1&#xff0c;\u8868\u73b0\u662f\u6240\u6709 SQL \u4e00\u8d77\u53d8\u6162&#xff0c;\u4e0d\u662f\u67d0\u4e00\u6761\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u67e5 SQL \u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49&#xff0c;\u8981\u770b\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e94\u3001\u9762\u8bd5\u5b98\u4f1a\u5f80\u4e0b\u95ee\u7684\u4e09\u5c42<\/h3>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42&#xff1a;\u52a0\u4e86\u7d22\u5f15\u8fd8\u662f\u6162&#xff0c;\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u539f\u56e0&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u56db\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd&#xff1a;\u7d22\u5f15\u6ca1\u8d70\u6210&#xff08;\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5305\u88f9&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u8d70\u4e86\u4f46\u56de\u8868\u592a\u591a&#xff08;\u9009\u62e9\u7387\u5dee&#xff09;&#xff1b;\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u5206\u7ec4\u4ecd\u7136\u8981\u989d\u5916\u505a&#xff1b;\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u662f SQL \u7684\u95ee\u9898&#xff0c;\u662f\u9501\u7b49\u5f85\u6216\u8005\u673a\u5668\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5224\u65ad\u529e\u6cd5\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a&#xff1a;\u91cd\u65b0 explain&#xff0c;\u770b key \u548c rows \u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u6309\u9884\u671f\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42&#xff1a;\u7ebf\u4e0a\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u4ee3\u7801&#xff0c;\u600e\u4e48\u5148\u6b62\u8840&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u5148\u964d\u7ea7\u518d\u4fee\u6839\u56e0\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5 force index \u56fa\u5b9a\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212&#xff1b;\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u6761\u67e5\u8be2\u4e34\u65f6\u632a\u5230\u4ece\u5e93&#xff1b;\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u52a0\u77ed\u7f13\u5b58\u6321\u4f4f\u91cd\u590d\u8bf7\u6c42&#xff1b;\u9501\u7b49\u5f85\u5c31\u5148\u627e\u51fa\u6301\u9501\u7684\u957f\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u6389\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c42&#xff1a;\u600e\u4e48\u8ba9\u5b83\u4e0d\u518d\u53d1\u751f&#xff1f;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u7ebf\u524d\u628a\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u7eb3\u5165 review&#xff0c;\u91cd\u70b9\u770b\u65b0 SQL \u7684 type \u548c rows&#xff1b;\u6162\u65e5\u5fd7\u9608\u503c\u8c03\u5230 1 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