GET：\u76ee\u6807\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
HEAD：\u4e0eGET\u76f8\u540c，\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
POST：\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6216\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
PUT\u3001DELETE：\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
OPTIONS：\u901a\u4fe1\u9009\u9879\u7684\u8868\u793a<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
TRACE：\u5e94\u7528\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u8868\u793a<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u6838\u5fc3\u8bed\u4e49\u7279\u5f81<\/h5>\n
200 OK\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5173\u952e\u7279\u5f81\u5305\u62ec：<\/p>\n
\u5b8c\u6210\u6027：\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210，\u6ca1\u6709\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u786e\u5b9a\u6027：\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u660e\u786e，\u6ca1\u6709\u6b67\u4e49<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u53ef\u7f13\u5b58\u6027：\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53ef\u7f13\u5b58（\u9664\u975e\u660e\u786e\u7981\u6b62）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5e42\u7b49\u6027：\u5bf9\u5e42\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5（GET\u3001HEAD\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE）\u7684200\u54cd\u5e94\u662f\u5e42\u7b49\u7684<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u8bed\u4e49\u77e9\u9635：\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e200 OK<\/h5>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
class OKStatusHandler {
\n \/**
\n * \u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540cHTTP\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684200 OK\u54cd\u5e94
\n *\/
\n handle200Response(method, response) {
\n const semanticMap = {
\n GET: {
\n meaning: "\u8d44\u6e90\u8868\u793a",
\n bodyRequired: true,
\n cacheBehavior: "default-cacheable",
\n example: this._handleGet200(response)
\n },
\n HEAD: {
\n meaning: "\u8d44\u6e90\u5143\u6570\u636e",
\n bodyRequired: false,
\n cacheBehavior: "cacheable",
\n example: this._handleHead200(response)
\n },
\n POST: {
\n meaning: "\u64cd\u4f5c\u7ed3\u679c",
\n bodyRequired: "recommended",
\n cacheBehavior: "non-cacheable",
\n example: this._handlePost200(response)
\n },
\n PUT: {
\n meaning: "\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001",
\n bodyRequired: "optional",
\n cacheBehavior: "cacheable",
\n example: this._handlePut200(response)
\n },
\n DELETE: {
\n meaning: "\u5220\u9664\u72b6\u6001",
\n bodyRequired: "optional",
\n cacheBehavior: "non-cacheable",
\n example: this._handleDelete200(response)
\n },
\n PATCH: {
\n meaning: "\u90e8\u5206\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001",
\n bodyRequired: "recommended",
\n cacheBehavior: "non-cacheable",
\n example: this._handlePatch200(response)
\n },
\n OPTIONS: {
\n meaning: "\u53ef\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5",
\n bodyRequired: "optional",
\n cacheBehavior: "cacheable",
\n example: this._handleOptions200(response)
\n },
\n TRACE: {
\n meaning: "\u8bf7\u6c42\u56de\u663e",
\n bodyRequired: true,
\n cacheBehavior: "non-cacheable",
\n example: this._handleTrace200(response)
\n }
\n };<\/p>\n
return semanticMap[method] || {
\n meaning: "\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f",
\n bodyRequired: true,
\n cacheBehavior: "unknown"
\n };
\n }<\/p>\n
_handleGet200(response) {
\n \/\/ GET\u7684200\u54cd\u5e94\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u8868\u793a
\n return {
\n headers: {
\n 'Content-Type': 'application\/json',
\n 'ETag': '"abc123"',
\n 'Last-Modified': 'Mon, 23 Jan 2023 10:30:45 GMT',
\n 'Cache-Control': 'max-age=3600'
\n },
\n body: {
\n id: 123,
\n name: '\u793a\u4f8b\u8d44\u6e90',
\n created_at: '2023-01-23T10:30:45Z',
\n updated_at: '2023-01-23T10:30:45Z'
\n }
\n };
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
4.2 200 OK\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n\u573a\u666f1：\u8d44\u6e90\u68c0\u7d22\u6210\u529f<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
# Flask\u793a\u4f8b：\u8fd4\u56de\u7528\u6237\u8d44\u6e90
\n@app.route('\/api\/users\/<int:user_id>', methods=['GET'])
\ndef get_user(user_id):
\n user = User.query.get(user_id)<\/p>\n
if not user:
\n return jsonify({"error": "User not found"}), 404<\/p>\n
# \u6784\u5efa200 OK\u54cd\u5e94
\n response_data = {
\n "id": user.id,
\n "username": user.username,
\n "email": user.email,
\n "created_at": user.created_at.isoformat(),
\n "updated_at": user.updated_at.isoformat()
\n }<\/p>\n
# \u6dfb\u52a0ETag\u7528\u4e8e\u7f13\u5b58\u9a8c\u8bc1
\n import hashlib
\n etag = hashlib.md5(str(response_data).encode()).hexdigest()<\/p>\n
response = jsonify(response_data)
\n response.status_code = 200<\/p>\n
# \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f13\u5b58\u76f8\u5173\u5934\u90e8
\n response.headers['ETag'] = f'"{etag}"'
\n response.headers['Cache-Control'] = 'public, max-age=300' # 5\u5206\u949f
\n response.headers['Last-Modified'] = user.updated_at.strftime(
\n '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT'
\n )<\/p>\n
return response<\/p>\n
\u573a\u666f2：\u64cd\u4f5c\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c<\/h5>\n
java<\/p>\n
\/\/ Spring Boot\u793a\u4f8b：\u66f4\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90
\n@PutMapping("\/api\/products\/{id}")
\npublic ResponseEntity<?> updateProduct(
\n @PathVariable Long id,
\n @Valid @RequestBody ProductUpdateRequest request) {<\/p>\n
Product product = productService.findById(id)
\n .orElseThrow(() -> new ResourceNotFoundException("Product not found"));<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6267\u884c\u66f4\u65b0
\n product.setName(request.getName());
\n product.setPrice(request.getPrice());
\n product.setUpdatedAt(LocalDateTime.now());<\/p>\n
Product updatedProduct = productService.save(product);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6784\u5efa200 OK\u54cd\u5e94
\n ProductResponse response = ProductResponse.fromEntity(updatedProduct);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6dfb\u52a0ETag
\n String etag = generateETag(response);<\/p>\n
return ResponseEntity
\n .ok()
\n .eTag(etag)
\n .cacheControl(CacheControl.maxAge(1, TimeUnit.HOURS))
\n .lastModified(updatedProduct.getUpdatedAt().toInstant(ZoneOffset.UTC))
\n .body(response);
\n}<\/p>\n
private String generateETag(ProductResponse product) {
\n String data = product.getId() + product.getName() +
\n product.getPrice() + product.getUpdatedAt().toString();
\n return "\\\\"" + DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(data.getBytes()) + "\\\\"";
\n}<\/p>\n
\u573a\u666f3：\u6279\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u6210\u529f<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u6279\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fd4\u56de200 OK\u793a\u4f8b
\n@app.route('\/api\/tasks\/batch', methods=['POST'])
\ndef batch_create_tasks():
\n """\u6279\u91cf\u521b\u5efa\u4efb\u52a1，\u5168\u90e8\u6210\u529f\u8fd4\u56de200 OK"""<\/p>\n
tasks_data = request.get_json()
\n if not isinstance(tasks_data, list):
\n return jsonify({"error": "Expected array of tasks"}), 400<\/p>\n
created_tasks = []<\/p>\n
for task_data in tasks_data:
\n # \u9a8c\u8bc1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u6570\u636e
\n validation_result = validate_task_data(task_data)
\n if not validation_result['valid']:
\n return jsonify({
\n "error": f"Invalid task data: {validation_result['message']}"
\n }), 400<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u4efb\u52a1
\n task = Task(
\n title=task_data['title'],
\n description=task_data.get('description'),
\n priority=task_data.get('priority', 'medium')
\n )
\n db.session.add(task)
\n created_tasks.append(task)<\/p>\n
# \u5168\u90e8\u6210\u529f，\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1
\n db.session.commit()<\/p>\n
# \u6784\u5efa\u54cd\u5e94
\n response_data = {
\n "status": "success",
\n "message": f"Successfully created {len(created_tasks)} tasks",
\n "tasks": [task.to_dict() for task in created_tasks],
\n "count": len(created_tasks)
\n }<\/p>\n
return jsonify(response_data), 200<\/p>\n
4.3 \u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u90e8\u4e0e\u7f13\u5b58\u63a7\u5236<\/h4>\n\u5fc5\u9700\u4e0e\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u5934\u90e8<\/h5>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# Nginx\u914d\u7f6e：\u4f18\u5316200\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u5934\u90e8
\nserver {
\n location ~ ^\/api\/static\/ {
\n # \u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90 – \u957f\u671f\u7f13\u5b58
\n add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=31536000, immutable";
\n add_header ETag $sent_http_etag;
\n add_header Last-Modified $sent_http_last_modified;<\/p>\n
# \u542f\u7528gzip\u538b\u7f29
\n gzip on;
\n gzip_types text\/plain text\/css application\/json application\/javascript;<\/p>\n
# \u4ee3\u7406\u7f13\u5b58\u8bbe\u7f6e
\n proxy_cache static_cache;
\n proxy_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri";
\n proxy_cache_valid 200 304 1y;
\n }<\/p>\n
location ~ ^\/api\/dynamic\/ {
\n # \u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9 – \u77ed\u671f\u7f13\u5b58
\n add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=60, must-revalidate";
\n add_header ETag $sent_http_etag;
\n add_header Vary "Accept-Encoding, Cookie";<\/p>\n
# \u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u5185\u5bb9
\n if ($http_cookie ~* "sessionid") {
\n add_header Cache-Control "private, no-cache, no-store";
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u7f13\u5b58\u9a8c\u8bc1\u673a\u5236<\/h5>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
class CacheController {
\n \/**
\n * \u5904\u7406200\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u63a7\u5236
\n *\/
\n constructor() {
\n this.cacheConfig = {
\n static: {
\n maxAge: 31536000, \/\/ 1\u5e74
\n immutable: true
\n },
\n dynamic: {
\n maxAge: 300, \/\/ 5\u5206\u949f
\n mustRevalidate: true
\n },
\n userSpecific: {
\n private: true,
\n noCache: true
\n }
\n };
\n }<\/p>\n
setCacheHeaders(response, resourceType, request) {
\n const config = this.cacheConfig[resourceType] || this.cacheConfig.dynamic;<\/p>\n
let cacheControl = [];<\/p>\n
if (config.private) {
\n cacheControl.push('private');
\n } else {
\n cacheControl.push('public');
\n }<\/p>\n
if (config.maxAge) {
\n cacheControl.push(`max-age=${config.maxAge}`);
\n }<\/p>\n
if (config.immutable) {
\n cacheControl.push('immutable');
\n }<\/p>\n
if (config.mustRevalidate) {
\n cacheControl.push('must-revalidate');
\n }<\/p>\n
if (config.noCache) {
\n cacheControl.push('no-cache');
\n }<\/p>\n
if (config.noStore) {
\n cacheControl.push('no-store');
\n }<\/p>\n
response.headers['Cache-Control'] = cacheControl.join(', ');<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6eETag（\u5982\u679c\u652f\u6301）
\n if (resourceType !== 'userSpecific') {
\n const etag = this.generateETag(response.body);
\n response.headers['ETag'] = `"${etag}"`;
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6eLast-Modified
\n if (resourceType === 'static') {
\n response.headers['Last-Modified'] = new Date().toUTCString();
\n }<\/p>\n
return response;
\n }<\/p>\n
generateETag(body) {
\n \/\/ \u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u751f\u6210ETag
\n const content = JSON.stringify(body);
\n return require('crypto')
\n .createHash('md5')
\n .update(content)
\n .digest('hex');
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
4.4 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91<\/h4>\n\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5904\u7406200 OK<\/h5>\n
html<\/p>\n
<!DOCTYPE html>
\n<html>
\n<head>
\n <title>200 OK\u5904\u7406\u793a\u4f8b<\/title>
\n <script>
\n class ResponseHandler {
\n async handleResponse(response) {
\n console.log(`Status: ${response.status} ${response.statusText}`);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u54cd\u5e94\u7c7b\u578b
\n const contentType = response.headers.get('content-type');<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u7c7b\u578b\u5904\u7406
\n if (contentType.includes('application\/json')) {
\n return this.handleJSON(response);
\n } else if (contentType.includes('text\/html')) {
\n return this.handleHTML(response);
\n } else if (contentType.includes('text\/plain')) {
\n return this.handleText(response);
\n } else {
\n return this.handleBlob(response);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
async handleJSON(response) {
\n try {
\n const data = await response.json();<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u54cd\u5e94\u7ed3\u6784
\n if (data.error) {
\n console.error('API\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef:', data.error);
\n this.showError(data.error);
\n return null;
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6210\u529f\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e
\n console.log('\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u8f7d\u6210\u529f:', data);
\n this.updateUI(data);
\n return data;
\n } catch (error) {
\n console.error('JSON\u89e3\u6790\u9519\u8bef:', error);
\n this.showError('\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u9519\u8bef');
\n return null;
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
async handleHTML(response) {
\n const html = await response.text();<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5b89\u5168\u5730\u63d2\u5165HTML
\n const container = document.getElementById('content');
\n if (container) {
\n \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528DOMPurify\u8fdb\u884c\u6d88\u6bd2（\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u7528）
\n if (typeof DOMPurify !== 'undefined') {
\n container.innerHTML = DOMPurify.sanitize(html);
\n } else {
\n container.innerHTML = html;
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
return html;
\n }<\/p>\n
updateUI(data) {
\n \/\/ \u66f4\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u7684\u903b\u8f91
\n if (data.user) {
\n document.getElementById('username').textContent = data.user.name;
\n }<\/p>\n
if (data.items && Array.isArray(data.items)) {
\n this.renderList(data.items);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
showError(message) {
\n \/\/ \u663e\u793a\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f
\n const errorDiv = document.getElementById('error-message');
\n if (errorDiv) {
\n errorDiv.textContent = message;
\n errorDiv.style.display = 'block';<\/p>\n
\/\/ 3\u79d2\u540e\u9690\u85cf
\n setTimeout(() => {
\n errorDiv.style.display = 'none';
\n }, 3000);
\n }
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b
\n document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', async () => {
\n const handler = new ResponseHandler();<\/p>\n
try {
\n const response = await fetch('\/api\/user\/profile');
\n await handler.handleResponse(response);
\n } catch (error) {
\n console.error('\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25:', error);
\n handler.showError('\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25');
\n }
\n });
\n <\/script>
\n<\/head>
\n<body>
\n <div id="error-message" style="display: none; color: red;"><\/div>
\n <div id="content">
\n <span id="username">\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e2d…<\/span>
\n <ul id="item-list"><\/ul>
\n <\/div>
\n<\/body>
\n<\/html><\/p>\n
\u79fb\u52a8\u7aef\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91<\/h5>\n
kotlin<\/p>\n
\/\/ Android Kotlin\u793a\u4f8b：\u5904\u7406200 OK\u54cd\u5e94
\nclass ApiResponseHandler {<\/p>\n
sealed class Result<out T> {
\n data class Success<out T>(val data: T) : Result<T>()
\n data class Error(val message: String, val code: Int? = null) : Result<Nothing>()
\n object NetworkError : Result<Nothing>()
\n }<\/p>\n
suspend fun <T> handleResponse(
\n request: suspend () -> Response<T>
\n ): Result<T> {
\n return try {
\n val response = request()<\/p>\n
when (response.code()) {
\n in 200..299 -> {
\n \/\/ \u6210\u529f\u54cd\u5e94
\n val body = response.body()
\n if (body != null) {
\n Result.Success(body)
\n } else {
\n Result.Error("\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u4e3a\u7a7a")
\n }
\n }
\n in 400..499 -> {
\n \/\/ \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9519\u8bef
\n Result.Error("\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9519\u8bef: ${response.code()}")
\n }
\n in 500..599 -> {
\n \/\/ \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef
\n Result.Error("\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef: ${response.code()}")
\n }
\n else -> {
\n Result.Error("\u672a\u77e5\u72b6\u6001\u7801: ${response.code()}")
\n }
\n }
\n } catch (e: IOException) {
\n Result.NetworkError
\n } catch (e: Exception) {
\n Result.Error("\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38: ${e.message}")
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b
\n suspend fun loadUserData(userId: String): Result<User> {
\n return handleResponse {
\n apiService.getUser(userId) \/\/ \u8fd4\u56deRetrofit\u7684Response<User>
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\/\/ Retrofit\u63a5\u53e3\u5b9a\u4e49
\ninterface ApiService {
\n @GET("users\/{id}")
\n suspend fun getUser(@Path("id") userId: String): Response<User>
\n}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5728ViewModel\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528
\nclass UserViewModel : ViewModel() {
\n private val _userState = MutableStateFlow<UiState<User>>(UiState.Loading)
\n val userState: StateFlow<UiState<User>> = _userState<\/p>\n
fun loadUser(userId: String) {
\n viewModelScope.launch {
\n _userState.value = UiState.Loading<\/p>\n
when (val result = apiHandler.loadUserData(userId)) {
\n is Result.Success -> {
\n _userState.value = UiState.Success(result.data)
\n }
\n is Result.Error -> {
\n _userState.value = UiState.Error(result.message)
\n }
\n Result.NetworkError -> {
\n _userState.value = UiState.Error("\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25")
\n }
\n }
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
4.5 \u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565<\/h4>\n\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f18\u5316<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
# Django\u793a\u4f8b：\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f18\u5316200\u54cd\u5e94
\nfrom django.views.decorators.http import condition
\nfrom django.utils.http import http_date
\nimport hashlib
\nfrom datetime import datetime<\/p>\n
def resource_etag(request, resource_id):
\n """\u751f\u6210\u8d44\u6e90\u7684ETag"""
\n resource = get_object_or_404(Resource, id=resource_id)
\n content = f"{resource.id}{resource.modified_at}{resource.version}"
\n return hashlib.md5(content.encode()).hexdigest()<\/p>\n
def resource_last_modified(request, resource_id):
\n """\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4"""
\n resource = get_object_or_404(Resource, id=resource_id)
\n return resource.modified_at<\/p>\n
@condition(etag_func=resource_etag, last_modified_func=resource_last_modified)
\ndef resource_detail(request, resource_id):
\n """\u8d44\u6e90\u8be6\u60c5\u89c6\u56fe，\u652f\u6301\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42"""
\n resource = get_object_or_404(Resource, id=resource_id)<\/p>\n
# \u5982\u679c\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42\u5339\u914d，Django\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8fd4\u56de304
\n # \u5426\u5219\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u903b\u8f91<\/p>\n
data = {
\n 'id': resource.id,
\n 'name': resource.name,
\n 'description': resource.description,
\n 'created_at': resource.created_at,
\n 'updated_at': resource.modified_at
\n }<\/p>\n
response = JsonResponse(data)<\/p>\n
# \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f13\u5b58\u5934\u90e8
\n response['Cache-Control'] = 'public, max-age=300'
\n response['ETag'] = f'"{resource_etag(request, resource_id)}"'
\n response['Last-Modified'] = http_date(resource.modified_at.timestamp())<\/p>\n
return response<\/p>\n
\u54cd\u5e94\u538b\u7f29\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316<\/h5>\n
nginx<\/p>\n
# Nginx\u914d\u7f6e：\u4f18\u5316200\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387
\nhttp {
\n # \u542f\u7528gzip\u538b\u7f29
\n gzip on;
\n gzip_vary on;
\n gzip_proxied any;
\n gzip_comp_level 6;
\n gzip_types
\n text\/plain
\n text\/css
\n text\/xml
\n text\/javascript
\n application\/json
\n application\/javascript
\n application\/xml+rss
\n application\/atom+xml
\n image\/svg+xml;<\/p>\n
# Brotli\u538b\u7f29（\u5982\u679c\u652f\u6301）
\n brotli on;
\n brotli_comp_level 6;
\n brotli_types
\n text\/plain
\n text\/css
\n text\/xml
\n application\/json
\n application\/javascript
\n application\/xml+rss
\n application\/atom+xml;<\/p>\n
# \u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u4f18\u5316
\n server {
\n location ~* \\\\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|webp)$ {
\n # \u56fe\u7247\u8d44\u6e90
\n expires 1y;
\n add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";<\/p>\n
# \u542f\u7528\u56fe\u7247\u4f18\u5316
\n image_filter resize 800 600; # \u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574<\/p>\n
# WebP\u81ea\u52a8\u8f6c\u6362
\n location ~* \\\\.(jpg|jpeg|png)$ {
\n add_header Vary Accept;<\/p>\n
# \u68c0\u67e5\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u662f\u5426\u652f\u6301WebP
\n if ($http_accept ~* "webp") {
\n rewrite ^(.*)\\\\.(jpg|jpeg|png)$ $1.webp break;
\n }
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
location ~* \\\\.(css|js)$ {
\n # CSS\u548cJS\u8d44\u6e90
\n expires 1y;
\n add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";<\/p>\n
# \u542f\u7528minify
\n location ~* \\\\.js$ {
\n js_minify on;
\n }<\/p>\n
location ~* \\\\.css$ {
\n css_minify on;
\n }
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
4.6 \u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651<\/h4>\n\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u8fc7\u6ee4<\/h5>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ Node.js Express\u793a\u4f8b：\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u8fc7\u6ee4
\nconst express = require('express');
\nconst app = express();<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u54cd\u5e94\u8f6c\u6362\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6
\napp.use((req, res, next) => {
\n const originalSend = res.send;<\/p>\n
res.send = function(data) {
\n \/\/ \u53ea\u5728200 OK\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4
\n if (res.statusCode === 200) {
\n data = filterSensitiveData(data, req.user);
\n }<\/p>\n
originalSend.call(this, data);
\n };<\/p>\n
next();
\n});<\/p>\n
function filterSensitiveData(data, user) {
\n \/**
\n * \u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u89d2\u8272\u8fc7\u6ee4\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f
\n *\/<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5982\u679c\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32，\u5c1d\u8bd5\u89e3\u6790\u4e3aJSON
\n let parsedData;
\n try {
\n parsedData = typeof data === 'string' ? JSON.parse(data) : data;
\n } catch (e) {
\n return data; \/\/ \u4e0d\u662fJSON，\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd4\u56de
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fd\u6570
\n function filterObject(obj, path = '') {
\n if (!obj || typeof obj !== 'object') {
\n return obj;
\n }<\/p>\n
if (Array.isArray(obj)) {
\n return obj.map((item, index) =>
\n filterObject(item, `${path}[${index}]`)
\n );
\n }<\/p>\n
const filtered = {};<\/p>\n
for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(obj)) {
\n const currentPath = path ? `${path}.${key}` : key;<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u654f\u611f\u5b57\u6bb5
\n if (isSensitiveField(currentPath, key, value)) {
\n \/\/ \u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u663e\u793a
\n if (user && user.hasPermission('view_sensitive_data')) {
\n filtered[key] = value;
\n } else {
\n filtered[key] = '[FILTERED]';
\n }
\n } else if (typeof value === 'object' && value !== null) {
\n filtered[key] = filterObject(value, currentPath);
\n } else {
\n filtered[key] = value;
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
return filtered;
\n }<\/p>\n
return filterObject(parsedData);
\n}<\/p>\n
function isSensitiveField(path, key, value) {
\n const sensitivePatterns = [
\n \/password\/i,
\n \/token\/i,
\n \/secret\/i,
\n \/api[_-]?key\/i,
\n \/credit[_-]?card\/i,
\n \/ssn|social[_-]?security\/i,
\n \/phone|mobile\/i,
\n \/email\/i,
\n \/address\/i
\n ];<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u952e\u540d
\n if (sensitivePatterns.some(pattern => pattern.test(key))) {
\n return true;
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u8def\u5f84
\n if (sensitivePatterns.some(pattern => pattern.test(path))) {
\n return true;
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u503c\u7c7b\u578b（\u5982\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u90ae\u7bb1）
\n if (typeof value === 'string') {
\n const emailRegex = \/^[^\\\\s@]+@[^\\\\s@]+\\\\.[^\\\\s@]+$\/;
\n if (emailRegex.test(value) && value.length < 100) {
\n return true;
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
return false;
\n}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b
\napp.get('\/api\/user\/:id', (req, res) => {
\n const user = {
\n id: 123,
\n username: 'john_doe',
\n email: 'john@example.com',
\n password_hash: 'hashed_password_here',
\n phone: '+1234567890',
\n address: {
\n street: '123 Main St',
\n city: 'Anytown',
\n zip: '12345'
\n }
\n };<\/p>\n
res.status(200).json(user);
\n \/\/ \u975e\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7528\u6237\u5c06\u770b\u5230\u8fc7\u6ee4\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e
\n});<\/p>\n
\u9632\u6b62\u4fe1\u606f\u6cc4\u9732<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
# Flask\u5b89\u5168\u54cd\u5e94\u914d\u7f6e
\nfrom flask import Flask, jsonify
\nfrom flask_talisman import Talisman
\nimport json<\/p>\n
app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
# \u914d\u7f6e\u5b89\u5168\u5934\u90e8
\ncsp = {
\n 'default-src': "'self'",
\n 'script-src': ["'self'", "https:\/\/cdn.example.com"],
\n 'style-src': ["'self'", "'unsafe-inline'"],
\n 'img-src': ["'self'", "data:", "https:\/\/*.example.com"]
\n}<\/p>\n
Talisman(app,
\n content_security_policy=csp,
\n content_security_policy_nonce_in=['script-src'],
\n force_https=True,
\n session_cookie_secure=True,
\n session_cookie_http_only=True
\n)<\/p>\n
class SecureJSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
\n """\u5b89\u5168JSON\u7f16\u7801\u5668，\u9632\u6b62\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u6cc4\u9732"""<\/p>\n
def default(self, obj):
\n # \u8fc7\u6ee4\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e
\n if hasattr(obj, 'to_secure_dict'):
\n return obj.to_secure_dict()<\/p>\n
# \u5904\u7406\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u654f\u611f\u7c7b\u578b
\n if isinstance(obj, dict):
\n return self.sanitize_dict(obj)<\/p>\n
return super().default(obj)<\/p>\n
def sanitize_dict(self, d):
\n """\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e"""
\n sanitized = {}<\/p>\n
for key, value in d.items():
\n if self.is_sensitive_key(key):
\n sanitized[key] = '[FILTERED]'
\n elif isinstance(value, dict):
\n sanitized[key] = self.sanitize_dict(value)
\n elif isinstance(value, list):
\n sanitized[key] = [
\n self.sanitize_dict(item) if isinstance(item, dict) else item
\n for item in value
\n ]
\n else:
\n sanitized[key] = value<\/p>\n
return sanitized<\/p>\n
def is_sensitive_key(self, key):
\n sensitive_keys = {
\n 'password', 'token', 'secret', 'api_key', 'credit_card',
\n 'ssn', 'social_security', 'phone', 'email', 'address'
\n }<\/p>\n
key_lower = key.lower()
\n return any(sensitive in key_lower for sensitive in sensitive_keys)<\/p>\n
app.json_encoder = SecureJSONEncoder<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b
\nclass User:
\n def __init__(self, id, username, email, password_hash):
\n self.id = id
\n self.username = username
\n self.email = email
\n self.password_hash = password_hash<\/p>\n
def to_secure_dict(self):
\n return {
\n 'id': self.id,
\n 'username': self.username,
\n 'email': self.email,
\n # password_hash \u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5305\u542b
\n }<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/api\/user\/<int:user_id>')
\ndef get_user(user_id):
\n # \u6a21\u62df\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6\u7528\u6237
\n user = User(
\n id=user_id,
\n username='john_doe',
\n email='john@example.com',
\n password_hash='$2b$12$…' # \u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6
\n )<\/p>\n
# \u81ea\u52a8\u4f7f\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u7684JSON\u7f16\u7801
\n return jsonify(user), 200<\/p>\n
4.7 \u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h4>\n\u9519\u8bef\u6a21\u5f0f：\u8bef\u7528200 OK<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u9519\u8bef\u7684\u505a\u6cd5：\u7528200 OK\u5305\u88c5\u9519\u8bef
\n@app.route('\/api\/resource\/<int:resource_id>', methods=['GET'])
\ndef get_resource_wrong(resource_id):
\n resource = Resource.query.get(resource_id)<\/p>\n
if not resource:
\n # \u9519\u8bef：\u4f7f\u7528200\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f
\n return jsonify({
\n "status": "error",
\n "message": "Resource not found",
\n "code": "NOT_FOUND"
\n }), 200 # \u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528404<\/p>\n
return jsonify(resource.to_dict()), 200<\/p>\n
# \u6b63\u786e\u7684\u505a\u6cd5：\u4f7f\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801
\n@app.route('\/api\/resource\/<int:resource_id>', methods=['GET'])
\ndef get_resource_correct(resource_id):
\n resource = Resource.query.get(resource_id)<\/p>\n
if not resource:
\n # \u6b63\u786e：\u4f7f\u7528404\u72b6\u6001\u7801
\n return jsonify({
\n "error": "Resource not found",
\n "code": "RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND"
\n }), 404<\/p>\n
return jsonify(resource.to_dict()), 200<\/p>\n
\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u6e05\u5355<\/h5>\n
yaml<\/p>\n
# 200 OK\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u914d\u7f6e
\nbest_practices:
\n response_consistency:
\n – \u6240\u6709\u6210\u529f\u7684GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fd4\u56de200 OK
\n – \u6240\u6709\u6210\u529f\u7684PUT\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fd4\u56de200 OK\u6216204 No Content
\n – \u6240\u6709\u6210\u529f\u7684DELETE\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fd4\u56de200 OK\u6216204 No Content
\n – \u6240\u6709\u6210\u529f\u7684POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fd4\u56de200 OK\u6216201 Created<\/p>\n
response_body:
\n – 200\u54cd\u5e94\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u8868\u793a
\n – \u5bf9\u4e8e\u96c6\u5408，\u5305\u542b\u5206\u9875\u4fe1\u606f
\n – \u5bf9\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7ed3\u679c，\u5305\u542b\u64cd\u4f5c\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5143\u6570\u636e
\n – \u59cb\u7ec8\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f（\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6210\u529f）<\/p>\n
headers:
\n required:
\n – Content-Type: \u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u5185\u5bb9\u7c7b\u578b
\n – Content-Length: \u6307\u5b9a\u5185\u5bb9\u957f\u5ea6（\u975e\u6d41\u5f0f\u54cd\u5e94）<\/p>\n
recommended:
\n – ETag: \u5b9e\u4f53\u6807\u7b7e，\u7528\u4e8e\u7f13\u5b58\u9a8c\u8bc1
\n – Last-Modified: \u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4
\n – Cache-Control: \u7f13\u5b58\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565
\n – Vary: \u6307\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u5934\u90e8\u5f71\u54cd\u7f13\u5b58<\/p>\n
conditional:
\n – \u5982\u679c\u652f\u6301\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5305\u542bETag\u548cLast-Modified
\n – \u5982\u679c\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u5e38\u53d8\u5316，\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f83\u957f\u7684max-age
\n – \u5982\u679c\u8d44\u6e90\u4e2a\u6027\u5316，\u8bbe\u7f6eprivate\u7f13\u5b58<\/p>\n
security:
\n – \u8fc7\u6ee4\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f（\u5bc6\u7801\u3001\u4ee4\u724c\u7b49）
\n – \u5b9e\u65bd\u9002\u5f53\u7684CORS\u7b56\u7565
\n – \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b89\u5168\u5934\u90e8（X-Content-Type-Options\u7b49）
\n – \u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u540e\u518d\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
performance:
\n – \u542f\u7528\u538b\u7f29（gzip\u3001brotli）
\n – \u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93
\n – \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u54cd\u5e94，\u8003\u8651\u5206\u9875\u6216\u6d41\u5f0f\u4f20\u8f93
\n – \u8bbe\u7f6e\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n
api_design:
\n – \u4fdd\u6301\u54cd\u5e94\u7ed3\u6784\u4e00\u81f4
\n – \u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5a92\u4f53\u7c7b\u578b（application\/json\u7b49）
\n – \u63d0\u4f9b\u8d44\u6e90\u94fe\u63a5（HATEOAS）
\n – \u5305\u542b\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n
error_handling:
\n – \u4e0d\u8981\u7528200\u5305\u88c5\u9519\u8bef
\n – \u63d0\u4f9b\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4ee3\u7801
\n – \u5305\u542b\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u8bfb\u6d88\u606f
\n – \u63d0\u4f9b\u89e3\u51b3\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5efa\u8bae<\/p>\n
monitoring:
\n – \u76d1\u63a7200\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4
\n – \u8ddf\u8e2a200\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5206\u5e03
\n – \u8bbe\u7f6e\u54cd\u5e94\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u8b66\u62a5
\n – \u8bb0\u5f55\u5f02\u5e38\u5927\u7684200\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n
\u5b9e\u6218\u793a\u4f8b：\u5b8c\u6574\u7684API\u7aef\u70b9<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u5b8c\u6574\u7684RESTful API\u7aef\u70b9\u793a\u4f8b
\nfrom flask import Flask, request, jsonify, url_for
\nfrom flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
\nfrom datetime import datetime
\nimport hashlib<\/p>\n
app = Flask(__name__)
\napp.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:\/\/\/app.db'
\ndb = SQLAlchemy(app)<\/p>\n
# \u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b
\nclass Article(db.Model):
\n id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
\n title = db.Column(db.String(200), nullable=False)
\n content = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)
\n author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=False)
\n created_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow)
\n updated_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow,
\n onupdate=datetime.utcnow)<\/p>\n
def to_dict(self, include_content=True):
\n """\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178，\u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u5305\u542b\u5185\u5bb9"""
\n data = {
\n 'id': self.id,
\n 'title': self.title,
\n 'author_id': self.author_id,
\n 'created_at': self.created_at.isoformat(),
\n 'updated_at': self.updated_at.isoformat(),
\n 'links': {
\n 'self': url_for('get_article', article_id=self.id, _external=True),
\n 'author': url_for('get_user', user_id=self.author_id, _external=True)
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
if include_content:
\n data['content'] = self.content<\/p>\n
return data<\/p>\n
def generate_etag(self):
\n """\u751f\u6210ETag"""
\n content = f"{self.id}{self.updated_at.isoformat()}"
\n return hashlib.md5(content.encode()).hexdigest()<\/p>\n
# \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570
\ndef check_conditions(article):
\n """\u68c0\u67e5\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u90e8"""
\n # \u68c0\u67e5If-None-Match
\n if_none_match = request.headers.get('If-None-Match', '')
\n current_etag = f'"{article.generate_etag()}"'<\/p>\n
if if_none_match and current_etag in if_none_match:
\n return 'not_modified'<\/p>\n
# \u68c0\u67e5If-Modified-Since
\n if_modified_since = request.headers.get('If-Modified-Since')
\n if if_modified_since:
\n try:
\n since_date = datetime.strptime(if_modified_since,
\n '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT')
\n if article.updated_at <= since_date:
\n return 'not_modified'
\n except ValueError:
\n pass<\/p>\n
return 'modified'<\/p>\n
# API\u7aef\u70b9
\n@app.route('\/api\/articles\/<int:article_id>', methods=['GET'])
\ndef get_article(article_id):
\n """\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u7ae0\u8be6\u60c5"""<\/p>\n
# \u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u7ae0
\n article = Article.query.get(article_id)
\n if not article:
\n return jsonify({
\n 'error': 'Article not found',
\n 'code': 'ARTICLE_NOT_FOUND'
\n }), 404<\/p>\n
# \u68c0\u67e5\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42
\n condition_status = check_conditions(article)
\n if condition_status == 'not_modified':
\n return '', 304<\/p>\n
# \u68c0\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650
\n current_user = get_current_user() # \u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u51fd\u6570
\n if not current_user:
\n return jsonify({
\n 'error': 'Authentication required',
\n 'code': 'UNAUTHORIZED'
\n }), 401<\/p>\n
# \u6784\u5efa\u54cd\u5e94
\n include_content = current_user.has_permission('view_article_content')
\n response_data = article.to_dict(include_content=include_content)<\/p>\n
# \u6dfb\u52a0\u5206\u9875\u4fe1\u606f（\u5982\u679c\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0）
\n related_articles = Article.query.filter(
\n Article.author_id == article.author_id,
\n Article.id != article.id
\n ).limit(5).all()<\/p>\n
if related_articles:
\n response_data['related_articles'] = [
\n {
\n 'id': a.id,
\n 'title': a.title,
\n 'link': url_for('get_article', article_id=a.id, _external=True)
\n }
\n for a in related_articles
\n ]<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u54cd\u5e94
\n response = jsonify(response_data)<\/p>\n
# \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5934\u90e8
\n response.headers['ETag'] = f'"{article.generate_etag()}"'
\n response.headers['Last-Modified'] = article.updated_at.strftime(
\n '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT'
\n )<\/p>\n
# \u6839\u636e\u6587\u7ae0\u7c7b\u578b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565
\n if article.updated_at < datetime.utcnow() – timedelta(days=7):
\n # \u8d85\u8fc77\u5929\u672a\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u7ae0，\u7f13\u5b581\u5929
\n cache_control = 'public, max-age=86400, must-revalidate'
\n else:
\n # \u8fd1\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u7ae0，\u7f13\u5b581\u5c0f\u65f6
\n cache_control = 'public, max-age=3600, must-revalidate'<\/p>\n
response.headers['Cache-Control'] = cache_control<\/p>\n
# \u5b89\u5168\u5934\u90e8
\n response.headers['X-Content-Type-Options'] = 'nosniff'
\n response.headers['X-Frame-Options'] = 'DENY'<\/p>\n
return response, 200<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/api\/articles', methods=['POST'])
\ndef create_article():
\n """\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u7ae0"""<\/p>\n
# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bf7\u6c42
\n data = request.get_json()
\n if not data or 'title' not in data or 'content' not in data:
\n return jsonify({
\n 'error': 'Missing required fields',
\n 'required': ['title', 'content']
\n }), 400<\/p>\n
# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650
\n current_user = get_current_user()
\n if not current_user:
\n return jsonify({
\n 'error': 'Authentication required',
\n 'code': 'UNAUTHORIZED'
\n }), 401<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u6587\u7ae0
\n article = Article(
\n title=data['title'],
\n content=data['content'],
\n author_id=current_user.id
\n )<\/p>\n
db.session.add(article)
\n db.session.commit()<\/p>\n
# \u6784\u5efa\u54cd\u5e94
\n response_data = article.to_dict()
\n response_data['message'] = 'Article created successfully'<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528201 Created（\u66f4\u5408\u9002）
\n response = jsonify(response_data)
\n response.headers['Location'] = url_for('get_article',
\n article_id=article.id,
\n _external=True)
\n return response, 201<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':
\n db.create_all()
\n app.run(debug=True)<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd4\u56de200 OK\u7684API\u7aef\u70b9，\u5305\u62ec\u6761\u4ef6\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5934\u90e8\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c5\u7ae0：201 Created – \u8d44\u6e90\u521b\u5efa\u6210\u529f<\/h3>\n5.1 201 Created\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\nRFC\u6807\u51c6\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h5>\n
RFC\u6807\u51c6\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h5>\n
\u6839\u636eRFC 7231\u7b2c6.3.2\u8282，201 Created\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49：<\/p>\n
201 (Created)\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5df2\u6210\u529f，\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4e3b\u8981URI\u5728\u54cd\u5e94\u7684Location\u5934\u90e8\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002Origin\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u521b\u5efa\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5982\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c，\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e94\u8be5\u4ee5202 (Accepted)\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6838\u5fc3\u8bed\u4e49\u7279\u5f81<\/h5>\n
201 Created\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u7279\u5f81：<\/p>\n
\u8d44\u6e90\u521b\u5efa：\u660e\u786e\u8868\u793a\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90\u5df2\u88ab\u521b\u5efa<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6307\u793a：\u5fc5\u987b（\u6216\u5e94\u8be5）\u5305\u542bLocation\u5934\u90e8，\u6307\u5411\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9：\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8868\u793a\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u5305\u542b\u5176\u6807\u8bc6\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u65f6\u95f4\u6027：\u8d44\u6e90\u5e94\u5728\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u5df2\u521b\u5efa（\u4e0e202 Accepted\u533a\u522b）<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u77e9\u9635<\/h5>\n
yaml<\/p>\n
scenarios:
\n create_with_immediate_availability:
\n description: "\u8d44\u6e90\u521b\u5efa\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u53ef\u7528"
\n examples:
\n – \u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237
\n – \u53d1\u5e03\u65b0\u6587\u7ae0
\n – \u4e0a\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6
\n – \u521b\u5efa\u8ba2\u5355
\n response_requirements:
\n status: 201
\n location: "\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90URI"
\n body: "\u5efa\u8bae\u5305\u542b\u5b8c\u6574\u6216\u90e8\u5206\u8d44\u6e90\u8868\u793a"<\/p>\n
create_with_generated_identifier:
\n description: "\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u751f\u6210\u8d44\u6e90\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26"
\n examples:
\n – \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210ID
\n – \u5206\u914d\u552f\u4e00URL
\n – \u751f\u6210API\u5bc6\u94a5
\n response_requirements:
\n status: 201
\n location: "\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90URI"
\n body: "\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26"<\/p>\n
batch_create_partial_success:
\n description: "\u6279\u91cf\u521b\u5efa，\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u529f"
\n examples:
\n – \u6279\u91cf\u5bfc\u5165\u7528\u6237
\n – \u6279\u91cf\u521b\u5efa\u4ea7\u54c1
\n response_consideration:
\n – \u5982\u679c\u5168\u90e8\u6210\u529f: 201
\n – \u5982\u679c\u90e8\u5206\u6210\u529f: 207 Multi-Status
\n – \u5982\u679c\u5168\u90e8\u5931\u8d25: 400\/422<\/p>\n
5.2 Location\u5934\u90e8\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\nLocation\u5934\u90e8\u89c4\u8303<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
# Location\u5934\u90e8\u751f\u6210\u5668
\nclass LocationHeaderBuilder:
\n """\u6784\u5efa\u7b26\u5408\u89c4\u8303\u7684Location\u5934\u90e8"""<\/p>\n
def __init__(self, base_url=None):
\n self.base_url = base_url or self._detect_base_url()<\/p>\n
def build(self, resource_id, resource_path, absolute=True):
\n """
\n \u6784\u5efaLocation\u5934\u90e8<\/p>\n
Args:
\n resource_id: \u65b0\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26
\n resource_path: \u8d44\u6e90\u8def\u5f84\u6a21\u677f，\u5982'\/api\/users\/{id}'
\n absolute: \u662f\u5426\u751f\u6210\u7edd\u5bf9URL<\/p>\n
Returns:
\n Location\u5934\u90e8\u503c
\n """<\/p>\n
# \u66ff\u6362\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u7684\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26
\n path = resource_path.replace('{id}', str(resource_id))<\/p>\n
if absolute:
\n # \u751f\u6210\u7edd\u5bf9URL
\n if self.base_url.endswith('\/') and path.startswith('\/'):
\n path = path[1:]<\/p>\n
location = f"{self.base_url}{path}"<\/p>\n
# \u9a8c\u8bc1URL\u6709\u6548\u6027
\n if not self._is_valid_url(location):
\n raise ValueError(f"Invalid location URL: {location}")<\/p>\n
return location
\n else:
\n # \u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84
\n if not path.startswith('\/'):
\n path = f"\/{path}"
\n return path<\/p>\n
def _detect_base_url(self):
\n """\u68c0\u6d4b\u57fa\u7840URL"""
\n # \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u81ea\u914d\u7f6e\u6216\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587
\n import os
\n return os.environ.get('API_BASE_URL', 'http:\/\/localhost:5000')<\/p>\n
def _is_valid_url(self, url):
\n """\u7b80\u5355\u9a8c\u8bc1URL\u683c\u5f0f"""
\n from urllib.parse import urlparse
\n try:
\n result = urlparse(url)
\n return all([result.scheme, result.netloc])
\n except:
\n return False<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b
\nbuilder = LocationHeaderBuilder('https:\/\/api.example.com\/v1')<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u540e
\nuser_id = 123
\nlocation = builder.build(
\n resource_id=user_id,
\n resource_path='\/users\/{id}',
\n absolute=True
\n)<\/p>\n
print(f"Location: {location}")
\n# \u8f93\u51fa: Location: https:\/\/api.example.com\/v1\/users\/123<\/p>\n
\u7edd\u5bf9URL\u4e0e\u76f8\u5bf9URL\u7684\u9009\u62e9<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
# Django\u793a\u4f8b：\u667a\u80fdLocation\u5934\u90e8\u751f\u6210
\nfrom django.urls import reverse
\nfrom django.http import JsonResponse
\nimport re<\/p>\n
class CreatedResponse(JsonResponse):
\n """201 Created\u54cd\u5e94\u5c01\u88c5\u7c7b"""<\/p>\n
def __init__(self, data=None, resource_name=None, resource_id=None,
\n absolute_url=True, **kwargs):<\/p>\n
# \u786e\u4fdd\u5305\u542b\u5fc5\u8981\u6570\u636e
\n if data is None:
\n data = {}<\/p>\n
if resource_id and 'id' not in data:
\n data['id'] = resource_id<\/p>\n
super().__init__(data, status=201, **kwargs)<\/p>\n
# \u8bbe\u7f6eLocation\u5934\u90e8
\n if resource_name and resource_id:
\n location = self._generate_location(
\n resource_name, resource_id, absolute_url
\n )
\n self['Location'] = location<\/p>\n
def _generate_location(self, resource_name, resource_id, absolute_url):
\n """
\n \u751f\u6210Location\u5934\u90e8<\/p>\n
\u7b56\u7565：
\n 1. \u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u540dURL\u6a21\u5f0f
\n 2. \u56de\u9000\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u5f0f
\n 3. \u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u51b3\u5b9a\u7edd\u5bf9\/\u76f8\u5bf9URL
\n """<\/p>\n
# \u6784\u5efaURL\u6a21\u5f0f\u540d\u79f0
\n detail_view_name = f'{resource_name}-detail'<\/p>\n
try:
\n # \u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u540dURL
\n path = reverse(detail_view_name, args=[resource_id])
\n except:
\n # \u56de\u9000\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u5f0f
\n path = f'\/api\/{resource_name}\/{resource_id}\/'<\/p>\n
if absolute_url:
\n # \u83b7\u53d6\u8bf7\u6c42\u5bf9\u8c61（\u9700\u8981\u5728\u89c6\u56fe\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d）
\n from django.http import HttpRequest
\n request = HttpRequest() # \u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u4ece\u89c6\u56fe\u83b7\u53d6<\/p>\n
# \u6784\u5efa\u7edd\u5bf9URL
\n location = request.build_absolute_uri(path)
\n else:
\n location = path<\/p>\n
return location<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b
\nfrom django.views import View
\nfrom django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
\nfrom django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt<\/p>\n
@method_decorator(csrf_exempt, name='dispatch')
\nclass UserCreateView(View):
\n """\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u89c6\u56fe"""<\/p>\n
def post(self, request):
\n # \u89e3\u6790\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e
\n import json
\n data = json.loads(request.body)<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237（\u6a21\u62df）
\n user_id = self._create_user(data)<\/p>\n
# \u6784\u5efa\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e
\n response_data = {
\n 'id': user_id,
\n 'username': data.get('username'),
\n 'email': data.get('email'),
\n 'created_at': '2023-01-23T10:30:45Z',
\n 'message': 'User created successfully'
\n }<\/p>\n
# \u8fd4\u56de201 Created\u54cd\u5e94
\n response = CreatedResponse(
\n data=response_data,
\n resource_name='users',
\n resource_id=user_id,
\n absolute_url=True
\n )<\/p>\n
# \u6dfb\u52a0\u5176\u4ed6\u5934\u90e8
\n response['X-RateLimit-Remaining'] = '999'<\/p>\n
return response<\/p>\n
def _create_user(self, data):
\n """\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa"""
\n # \u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f1a\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c
\n import random
\n return random.randint(1000, 9999)<\/p>\n
5.3 \u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h4>\n\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h5>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ 201 Created\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u8bbe\u8ba1
\nclass CreatedResponseBuilder {
\n constructor(options = {}) {
\n this.options = {
\n includeFullResource: true,
\n includeLinks: true,
\n includeMetadata: true,
\n timestampFormat: 'iso',
\n …options
\n };
\n }<\/p>\n
build(resource, resourceType, request) {
\n const response = {
\n \/\/ \u8d44\u6e90\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26（\u5fc5\u987b）
\n id: resource.id,<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8d44\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b
\n type: resourceType,<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u72b6\u6001
\n status: 'created',<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u65f6\u95f4\u6233
\n created_at: this._formatTimestamp(resource.created_at),<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6d88\u606f（\u53ef\u9009\u4f46\u63a8\u8350）
\n message: `${resourceType} created successfully`
\n };<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5305\u542b\u5b8c\u6574\u6216\u90e8\u5206\u8d44\u6e90\u8868\u793a
\n if (this.options.includeFullResource) {
\n Object.assign(response, resource.toJSON ? resource.toJSON() : resource);
\n } else {
\n \/\/ \u53ea\u5305\u542b\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6bb5
\n response.identifier = resource.id;
\n response.location = this._buildLocation(resource, resourceType, request);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5305\u542b\u94fe\u63a5（HATEOAS）
\n if (this.options.includeLinks) {
\n response.links = this._buildLinks(resource, resourceType, request);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5305\u542b\u5143\u6570\u636e
\n if (this.options.includeMetadata) {
\n response.metadata = {
\n api_version: 'v1',
\n request_id: request.headers['x-request-id'],
\n timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
\n };
\n }<\/p>\n
return response;
\n }<\/p>\n
_formatTimestamp(timestamp) {
\n if (!timestamp) return new Date().toISOString();<\/p>\n
switch (this.options.timestampFormat) {
\n case 'iso':
\n return timestamp.toISOString ? timestamp.toISOString() : timestamp;
\n case 'unix':
\n return Math.floor(new Date(timestamp).getTime() \/ 1000);
\n default:
\n return timestamp;
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
_buildLocation(resource, resourceType, request) {
\n \/\/ \u57fa\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b\u6784\u5efa\u4f4d\u7f6e
\n const baseUrl = this._getBaseUrl(request);
\n return `${baseUrl}\/${resourceType}\/${resource.id}`;
\n }<\/p>\n
_buildLinks(resource, resourceType, request) {
\n const baseUrl = this._getBaseUrl(request);
\n const resourceUrl = `${baseUrl}\/${resourceType}\/${resource.id}`;<\/p>\n
return {
\n self: {
\n href: resourceUrl,
\n method: 'GET'
\n },
\n update: {
\n href: resourceUrl,
\n method: 'PUT'
\n },
\n delete: {
\n href: resourceUrl,
\n method: 'DELETE'
\n },
\n collection: {
\n href: `${baseUrl}\/${resourceType}`,
\n method: 'GET'
\n }
\n };
\n }<\/p>\n
_getBaseUrl(request) {
\n \/\/ \u4ece\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u57fa\u7840URL
\n if (request && request.get) {
\n return `${request.protocol}:\/\/${request.get('host')}\/api`;
\n }
\n return '\/api';
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b
\nconst builder = new CreatedResponseBuilder({
\n includeFullResource: true,
\n includeLinks: true
\n});<\/p>\n
const newUser = {
\n id: 456,
\n username: 'john_doe',
\n email: 'john@example.com',
\n created_at: new Date()
\n};<\/p>\n
const request = {
\n protocol: 'https',
\n get: (header) => {
\n if (header === 'host') return 'api.example.com';
\n return null;
\n }
\n};<\/p>\n
const responseBody = builder.build(newUser, 'users', request);
\nconsole.log(JSON.stringify(responseBody, null, 2));<\/p>\n
\u5f02\u6b65\u521b\u5efa\u573a\u666f\u5904\u7406<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u5f02\u6b65\u8d44\u6e90\u521b\u5efa\u5904\u7406
\nimport asyncio
\nfrom datetime import datetime
\nfrom fastapi import FastAPI, BackgroundTasks, HTTPException
\nfrom fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
\nfrom pydantic import BaseModel
\nimport uuid<\/p>\n
app = FastAPI()<\/p>\n
class AsyncResourceCreator:
\n """\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65\u8d44\u6e90\u521b\u5efa"""<\/p>\n
def __init__(self):
\n self.pending_resources = {}
\n self.completed_resources = {}<\/p>\n
async def create_resource_async(self, resource_data, background_tasks):
\n """\u5f02\u6b65\u521b\u5efa\u8d44\u6e90"""<\/p>\n
# \u751f\u6210\u4e34\u65f6\u8d44\u6e90ID
\n temp_id = str(uuid.uuid4())<\/p>\n
# \u5b58\u50a8\u521b\u5efa\u72b6\u6001
\n self.pending_resources[temp_id] = {
\n 'status': 'processing',
\n 'data': resource_data,
\n 'created_at': datetime.utcnow(),
\n 'estimated_completion': 30 # \u9884\u8ba130\u79d2\u5b8c\u6210
\n }<\/p>\n
# \u5728\u540e\u53f0\u542f\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u4efb\u52a1
\n background_tasks.add_task(
\n self._process_resource_creation,
\n temp_id,
\n resource_data
\n )<\/p>\n
# \u8fd4\u56de202 Accepted，\u5305\u542b\u72b6\u6001\u68c0\u67e5\u7aef\u70b9
\n return {
\n 'status': 'accepted',
\n 'message': 'Resource creation in progress',
\n 'resource_id': temp_id,
\n 'status_url': f'\/api\/resources\/{temp_id}\/status',
\n 'estimated_completion_seconds': 30,
\n 'created_at': datetime.utcnow().isoformat()
\n }<\/p>\n
async def _process_resource_creation(self, temp_id, resource_data):
\n """\u540e\u53f0\u5904\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u521b\u5efa"""<\/p>\n
try:
\n # \u6a21\u62df\u8017\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c
\n await asyncio.sleep(5)<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u5b9e\u9645\u8d44\u6e90（\u6a21\u62df）
\n actual_id = self._generate_actual_id()<\/p>\n
# \u5b58\u50a8\u5b8c\u6210\u72b6\u6001
\n self.completed_resources[actual_id] = {
\n 'id': actual_id,
\n **resource_data,
\n 'created_at': datetime.utcnow(),
\n 'status': 'active'
\n }<\/p>\n
# \u66f4\u65b0\u5f85\u5904\u7406\u8bb0\u5f55
\n self.pending_resources[temp_id].update({
\n 'status': 'completed',
\n 'actual_id': actual_id,
\n 'completed_at': datetime.utcnow()
\n })<\/p>\n
# \u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e6\u53d1\u901a\u77e5\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u540e\u7eed\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
except Exception as e:
\n # \u8bb0\u5f55\u9519\u8bef
\n self.pending_resources[temp_id].update({
\n 'status': 'failed',
\n 'error': str(e),
\n 'failed_at': datetime.utcnow()
\n })<\/p>\n
def _generate_actual_id(self):
\n """\u751f\u6210\u5b9e\u9645\u8d44\u6e90ID"""
\n return f"res_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"<\/p>\n
def get_status(self, resource_id):
\n """\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\u521b\u5efa\u72b6\u6001"""<\/p>\n
# \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210
\n if resource_id in self.completed_resources:
\n resource = self.completed_resources[resource_id]
\n return {
\n 'status': 'completed',
\n 'resource': resource,
\n 'links': {
\n 'self': f'\/api\/resources\/{resource_id}'
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
# \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e2d
\n if resource_id in self.pending_resources:
\n pending = self.pending_resources[resource_id]<\/p>\n
if pending['status'] == 'completed':
\n # \u5982\u679c\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u4f46\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u5b8c\u6210\u5217\u8868
\n actual_id = pending.get('actual_id')
\n if actual_id and actual_id in self.completed_resources:
\n resource = self.completed_resources[actual_id]
\n return {
\n 'status': 'completed',
\n 'resource': resource,
\n 'links': {
\n 'self': f'\/api\/resources\/{actual_id}'
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
# \u4ecd\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e2d
\n elapsed = (datetime.utcnow() – pending['created_at']).total_seconds()
\n progress = min(100, (elapsed \/ pending['estimated_completion']) * 100)<\/p>\n
return {
\n 'status': pending['status'],
\n 'progress': f"{progress:.1f}%",
\n 'estimated_seconds_remaining': max(0, pending['estimated_completion'] – elapsed),
\n 'created_at': pending['created_at'].isoformat(),
\n 'status_url': f'\/api\/resources\/{resource_id}\/status'
\n }<\/p>\n
# \u672a\u627e\u5230
\n return None<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u5b9e\u4f8b
\ncreator = AsyncResourceCreator()<\/p>\n
# API\u7aef\u70b9
\n@app.post("\/api\/resources")
\nasync def create_resource(
\n resource_data: dict,
\n background_tasks: BackgroundTasks
\n):
\n """
\n \u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n
\u7b56\u7565：
\n 1. \u5982\u679c\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u5373\u521b\u5efa -> \u8fd4\u56de201 Created
\n 2. \u5982\u679c\u8d44\u6e90\u9700\u8981\u5f02\u6b65\u521b\u5efa -> \u8fd4\u56de202 Accepted
\n """<\/p>\n
# \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u5373\u521b\u5efa
\n if self._can_create_immediately(resource_data):
\n # \u7acb\u5373\u521b\u5efa\u8d44\u6e90
\n resource_id = await self._create_resource_now(resource_data)<\/p>\n
# \u8fd4\u56de201 Created
\n response_data = {
\n 'id': resource_id,
\n **resource_data,
\n 'created_at': datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
\n 'links': {
\n 'self': f'\/api\/resources\/{resource_id}'
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
response = JSONResponse(
\n content=response_data,
\n status_code=201
\n )
\n response.headers['Location'] = f'\/api\/resources\/{resource_id}'<\/p>\n
return response<\/p>\n
else:
\n # \u9700\u8981\u5f02\u6b65\u521b\u5efa
\n result = await creator.create_resource_async(
\n resource_data,
\n background_tasks
\n )<\/p>\n
# \u8fd4\u56de202 Accepted
\n return JSONResponse(
\n content=result,
\n status_code=202
\n )<\/p>\n
@app.get("\/api\/resources\/{resource_id}\/status")
\nasync def get_resource_status(resource_id: str):
\n """\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\u521b\u5efa\u72b6\u6001"""<\/p>\n
status = creator.get_status(resource_id)<\/p>\n
if not status:
\n raise HTTPException(
\n status_code=404,
\n detail=f"Resource {resource_id} not found"
\n )<\/p>\n
return status<\/p>\n
def _can_create_immediately(resource_data):
\n """\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u5373\u521b\u5efa\u8d44\u6e90"""
\n # \u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u5224\u65ad
\n # \u4f8b\u5982：\u8d44\u6e90\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7b49
\n return len(resource_data.get('content', '')) < 1000<\/p>\n
async def _create_resource_now(resource_data):
\n """\u7acb\u5373\u521b\u5efa\u8d44\u6e90"""
\n # \u6a21\u62df\u521b\u5efa\u64cd\u4f5c
\n return f"res_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"<\/p>\n
5.4 \u4e0e202 Accepted\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h4>\n\u51b3\u7b56\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\u00a0![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/20261104055657-6aeac9298080e.png\")
<\/h5>\n\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h5>\n
<\/h5>\n\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u5bf9\u6bd4201\u548c202\u7684\u4f7f\u7528
\nfrom enum import Enum
\nfrom datetime import datetime<\/p>\n
class CreationStrategy(Enum):
\n """\u8d44\u6e90\u521b\u5efa\u7b56\u7565"""
\n IMMEDIATE = "immediate" # \u8fd4\u56de201
\n ASYNC = "async" # \u8fd4\u56de202
\n BATCH = "batch" # \u53ef\u80fd\u8fd4\u56de207<\/p>\n
class ResourceCreator:
\n """\u8d44\u6e90\u521b\u5efa\u5668，\u652f\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u7b56\u7565"""<\/p>\n
def create_resource(self, data, strategy=CreationStrategy.IMMEDIATE):
\n """
\n \u521b\u5efa\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n
Args:
\n data: \u8d44\u6e90\u6570\u636e
\n strategy: \u521b\u5efa\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n
Returns:
\n (status_code, response_data, headers)
\n """<\/p>\n
if strategy == CreationStrategy.IMMEDIATE:
\n return self._create_immediate(data)
\n elif strategy == CreationStrategy.ASYNC:
\n return self._create_async(data)
\n else:
\n raise ValueError(f"Unsupported strategy: {strategy}")<\/p>\n
def _create_immediate(self, data):
\n """\u7acb\u5373\u521b\u5efa（\u8fd4\u56de201）"""<\/p>\n
# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u636e
\n validation_result = self.validate_data(data)
\n if not validation_result['valid']:
\n return (400, {
\n 'error': 'Validation failed',
\n 'details': validation_result['errors']
\n }, {})<\/p>\n
try:
\n # \u521b\u5efa\u8d44\u6e90（\u6a21\u62df）
\n resource_id = self._generate_id()
\n created_at = datetime.utcnow()<\/p>\n
# \u5b58\u50a8\u8d44\u6e90
\n resource = {
\n 'id': resource_id,
\n **data,
\n 'created_at': created_at,
\n 'updated_at': created_at,
\n 'status': 'active'
\n }<\/p>\n
self._store_resource(resource_id, resource)<\/p>\n
# \u6784\u5efa201\u54cd\u5e94
\n response_data = {
\n 'id': resource_id,
\n **{k: v for k, v in data.items() if k != 'password'},
\n 'created_at': created_at.isoformat(),
\n 'message': 'Resource created successfully'
\n }<\/p>\n
headers = {
\n 'Location': f'\/api\/resources\/{resource_id}',
\n 'X-Resource-ID': resource_id,
\n 'X-Created-At': created_at.isoformat()
\n }<\/p>\n
return (201, response_data, headers)<\/p>\n
except Exception as e:
\n # \u521b\u5efa\u5931\u8d25
\n return (500, {
\n 'error': 'Creation failed',
\n 'message': str(e)
\n }, {})<\/p>\n
def _create_async(self, data):
\n """\u5f02\u6b65\u521b\u5efa（\u8fd4\u56de202）"""<\/p>\n
# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e
\n if not data.get('type'):
\n return (400, {
\n 'error': 'Missing resource type'
\n }, {})<\/p>\n
# \u751f\u6210\u4efb\u52a1ID
\n task_id = self._generate_task_id()<\/p>\n
# \u5b58\u50a8\u4efb\u52a1
\n task = {
\n 'id': task_id,
\n 'data': data,
\n 'status': 'pending',
\n 'created_at': datetime.utcnow(),
\n 'estimated_completion': datetime.utcnow().timestamp() + 300 # 5\u5206\u949f\u540e
\n }<\/p>\n
self._store_task(task_id, task)<\/p>\n
# \u542f\u52a8\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1
\n self._start_background_task(task_id, data)<\/p>\n
# \u6784\u5efa202\u54cd\u5e94
\n response_data = {
\n 'task_id': task_id,
\n 'status': 'accepted',
\n 'message': 'Resource creation accepted and will be processed',
\n 'created_at': task['created_at'].isoformat(),
\n 'status_url': f'\/api\/tasks\/{task_id}',
\n 'estimated_completion': task['estimated_completion']
\n }<\/p>\n
headers = {
\n 'X-Task-ID': task_id,
\n 'X-Task-Status-URL': f'\/api\/tasks\/{task_id}',
\n 'Retry-After': '300' # 5\u5206\u949f\u540e\u68c0\u67e5
\n }<\/p>\n
return (202, response_data, headers)<\/p>\n
def _generate_id(self):
\n import uuid
\n return f"res_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"<\/p>\n
def _generate_task_id(self):
\n import uuid
\n return f"task_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"<\/p>\n
def validate_data(self, data):
\n """\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8d44\u6e90\u6570\u636e"""
\n errors = []<\/p>\n
if not data.get('name'):
\n errors.append('name is required')<\/p>\n
if data.get('email') and not self._is_valid_email(data['email']):
\n errors.append('invalid email format')<\/p>\n
return {
\n 'valid': len(errors) == 0,
\n 'errors': errors
\n }<\/p>\n
def _is_valid_email(self, email):
\n import re
\n pattern = r'^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\\\\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$'
\n return bool(re.match(pattern, email))<\/p>\n
def _store_resource(self, resource_id, resource):
\n """\u5b58\u50a8\u8d44\u6e90（\u6a21\u62df）"""
\n # \u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u4f1a\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93
\n pass<\/p>\n
def _store_task(self, task_id, task):
\n """\u5b58\u50a8\u4efb\u52a1（\u6a21\u62df）"""
\n # \u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u4f1a\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93
\n pass<\/p>\n
def _start_background_task(self, task_id, data):
\n """\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1（\u6a21\u62df）"""
\n # \u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528celery\u3001rq\u7b49
\n pass<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b
\ncreator = ResourceCreator()<\/p>\n
# \u573a\u666f1：\u7acb\u5373\u521b\u5efa
\nstatus, data, headers = creator.create_resource(
\n {'name': 'Test Resource', 'email': 'test@example.com'},
\n CreationStrategy.IMMEDIATE
\n)<\/p>\n
print(f"Status: {status}")
\nprint(f"Location Header: {headers.get('Location')}")
\nprint(f"Response: {data}")<\/p>\n
# \u573a\u666f2：\u5f02\u6b65\u521b\u5efa
\nstatus, data, headers = creator.create_resource(
\n {'type': 'report', 'parameters': {'format': 'pdf'}},
\n CreationStrategy.ASYNC
\n)<\/p>\n
print(f"\\\\nStatus: {status}")
\nprint(f"Task Status URL: {data.get('status_url')}")
\nprint(f"Response: {data}")<\/p>\n
5.5 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5904\u7406201\u54cd\u5e94<\/h4>\n\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668JavaScript\u5904\u7406<\/h5>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
class CreatedResponseHandler {
\n \/**
\n * \u5904\u7406201 Created\u54cd\u5e94
\n *\/<\/p>\n
async handleCreatedResponse(response, requestData) {
\n console.log('Resource created successfully');<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5Location\u5934\u90e8
\n const location = response.headers.get('Location');
\n if (!location) {
\n console.warn('201\u54cd\u5e94\u7f3a\u5c11Location\u5934\u90e8');
\n \/\/ \u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u89e3\u6790\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53
\n let responseData;
\n try {
\n responseData = await response.json();
\n } catch (error) {
\n console.error('Failed to parse response:', error);
\n throw new Error('Invalid response format');
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u9a8c\u8bc1\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e
\n this.validateResponseData(responseData);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94
\n return await this.processResponse(responseData, location, requestData);
\n }<\/p>\n
validateResponseData(data) {
\n \/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u5fc5\u8981\u5b57\u6bb5
\n if (!data.id && !data.resource_id) {
\n console.warn('Response missing resource identifier');
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u72b6\u6001
\n if (data.status && data.status !== 'created') {
\n console.warn(`Unexpected status: ${data.status}`);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
async processResponse(data, location, originalRequest) {
\n const result = {
\n success: true,
\n resourceId: data.id || data.resource_id,
\n data: data,
\n location: location,
\n timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
\n };<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6839\u636e\u54cd\u5e94\u7c7b\u578b\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c
\n switch (data.type || 'resource') {
\n case 'user':
\n await this.handleUserCreation(result, originalRequest);
\n break;
\n case 'order':
\n await this.handleOrderCreation(result, originalRequest);
\n break;
\n case 'document':
\n await this.handleDocumentCreation(result, originalRequest);
\n break;
\n default:
\n await this.handleGenericCreation(result, originalRequest);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u66f4\u65b0UI
\n this.updateUI(result);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u89e6\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6
\n this.dispatchCreationEvent(result);<\/p>\n
return result;
\n }<\/p>\n
async handleUserCreation(result, requestData) {
\n \/\/ \u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u6210\u529f\u540e\u7684\u5904\u7406
\n console.log(`User created: ${result.resourceId}`);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u81ea\u52a8\u767b\u5f55\u65b0\u7528\u6237（\u5982\u679c\u9002\u7528）
\n if (requestData.autoLogin) {
\n await this.autoLogin(result.data.email, requestData.password);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u7528\u6237\u9875\u9762
\n if (result.location) {
\n setTimeout(() => {
\n window.location.href = result.location;
\n }, 2000);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
async handleOrderCreation(result, requestData) {
\n \/\/ \u8ba2\u5355\u521b\u5efa\u6210\u529f\u540e\u7684\u5904\u7406
\n console.log(`Order created: ${result.resourceId}`);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u663e\u793a\u786e\u8ba4\u4fe1\u606f
\n this.showOrderConfirmation(result.data);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5f00\u59cb\u8ba2\u5355\u72b6\u6001\u8f6e\u8be2
\n this.startOrderStatusPolling(result.resourceId);
\n }<\/p>\n
updateUI(result) {
\n \/\/ \u66f4\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762
\n const message = document.getElementById('creation-message');
\n if (message) {
\n message.textContent = '\u521b\u5efa\u6210\u529f！';
\n message.className = 'alert alert-success';<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6dfb\u52a0\u67e5\u770b\u94fe\u63a5
\n if (result.location) {
\n const link = document.createElement('a');
\n link.href = result.location;
\n link.textContent = '\u67e5\u770b\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90';
\n link.className = 'btn btn-primary ml-3';
\n message.appendChild(link);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u66f4\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90\u5217\u8868
\n if (window.updateResourceList) {
\n window.updateResourceList(result.data);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
dispatchCreationEvent(result) {
\n \/\/ \u6d3e\u53d1\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e8b\u4ef6
\n const event = new CustomEvent('resource-created', {
\n detail: result,
\n bubbles: true
\n });
\n document.dispatchEvent(event);
\n }<\/p>\n
async autoLogin(email, password) {
\n \/\/ \u81ea\u52a8\u767b\u5f55\u903b\u8f91
\n try {
\n const response = await fetch('\/api\/auth\/login', {
\n method: 'POST',
\n headers: {
\n 'Content-Type': 'application\/json'
\n },
\n body: JSON.stringify({ email, password })
\n });<\/p>\n
if (response.ok) {
\n console.log('Auto-login successful');
\n }
\n } catch (error) {
\n console.error('Auto-login failed:', error);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
showOrderConfirmation(orderData) {
\n \/\/ \u663e\u793a\u8ba2\u5355\u786e\u8ba4
\n const modal = document.getElementById('order-confirmation-modal');
\n if (modal) {
\n document.getElementById('order-id').textContent = orderData.id;
\n document.getElementById('order-total').textContent =
\n `$${orderData.total?.toFixed(2) || '0.00'}`;<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u663e\u793a\u6a21\u6001\u6846
\n $(modal).modal('show'); \/\/ \u5047\u8bbe\u4f7f\u7528Bootstrap
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
startOrderStatusPolling(orderId) {
\n \/\/ \u5f00\u59cb\u8f6e\u8be2\u8ba2\u5355\u72b6\u6001
\n const interval = setInterval(async () => {
\n try {
\n const response = await fetch(`\/api\/orders\/${orderId}\/status`);
\n const status = await response.json();<\/p>\n
if (status.state === 'completed' || status.state === 'failed') {
\n clearInterval(interval);
\n this.updateOrderStatus(status);
\n }
\n } catch (error) {
\n console.error('Status polling failed:', error);
\n }
\n }, 5000); \/\/ \u6bcf5\u79d2\u8f6e\u8be2\u4e00\u6b21
\n }<\/p>\n
updateOrderStatus(status) {
\n \/\/ \u66f4\u65b0\u8ba2\u5355\u72b6\u6001\u663e\u793a
\n console.log('Order status updated:', status);
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b
\ndocument.getElementById('create-form').addEventListener('submit', async (e) => {
\n e.preventDefault();<\/p>\n
const formData = new FormData(e.target);
\n const jsonData = Object.fromEntries(formData.entries());<\/p>\n
try {
\n const response = await fetch('\/api\/resources', {
\n method: 'POST',
\n headers: {
\n 'Content-Type': 'application\/json',
\n 'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'
\n },
\n body: JSON.stringify(jsonData)
\n });<\/p>\n
if (response.status === 201) {
\n const handler = new CreatedResponseHandler();
\n await handler.handleCreatedResponse(response, jsonData);
\n } else {
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef
\n console.error('Creation failed:', response.status);
\n }
\n } catch (error) {
\n console.error('Request failed:', error);
\n }
\n});<\/p>\n
\u79fb\u52a8\u7aef\u5904\u7406\u793a\u4f8b<\/h5>\n
swift<\/p>\n
\/\/ Swift iOS\u793a\u4f8b：\u5904\u7406201 Created\u54cd\u5e94
\nimport Foundation<\/p>\n
struct Resource: Codable {
\n let id: String
\n let name: String
\n let type: String
\n let createdAt: Date
\n let links: [String: String]?<\/p>\n
enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
\n case id, name, type
\n case createdAt = "created_at"
\n case links
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
struct CreationResponse: Codable {
\n let resource: Resource
\n let message: String?
\n let location: String?<\/p>\n
enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
\n case resource, message
\n case location = "Location" \/\/ \u6ce8\u610f：\u6765\u81ea\u5934\u90e8
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
class APIClient {
\n let baseURL: URL
\n let session: URLSession<\/p>\n
init(baseURL: URL, session: URLSession = .shared) {
\n self.baseURL = baseURL
\n self.session = session
\n }<\/p>\n
func createResource<T: Encodable>(
\n _ resource: T,
\n endpoint: String,
\n completion: @escaping (Result<CreationResponse, Error>) -> Void
\n ) {
\n let url = baseURL.appendingPathComponent(endpoint)<\/p>\n
var request = URLRequest(url: url)
\n request.httpMethod = "POST"
\n request.setValue("application\/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
\n request.setValue("application\/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Accept")<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6dfb\u52a0\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4ee4\u724c（\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728）
\n if let token = AuthManager.shared.accessToken {
\n request.setValue("Bearer \\\\(token)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Authorization")
\n }<\/p>\n
do {
\n request.httpBody = try JSONEncoder().encode(resource)
\n } catch {
\n completion(.failure(error))
\n return
\n }<\/p>\n
let task = session.dataTask(with: request) { data, response, error in
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u9519\u8bef
\n if let error = error {
\n DispatchQueue.main.async {
\n completion(.failure(error))
\n }
\n return
\n }<\/p>\n
guard let httpResponse = response as? HTTPURLResponse else {
\n DispatchQueue.main.async {
\n completion(.failure(APIError.invalidResponse))
\n }
\n return
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5904\u7406201 Created\u54cd\u5e94
\n if httpResponse.statusCode == 201 {
\n self.handleCreatedResponse(
\n data: data,
\n response: httpResponse,
\n completion: completion
\n )
\n } else {
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u5176\u4ed6\u72b6\u6001\u7801
\n self.handleErrorResponse(
\n data: data,
\n response: httpResponse,
\n completion: completion
\n )
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
task.resume()
\n }<\/p>\n
private func handleCreatedResponse(
\n data: Data?,
\n response: HTTPURLResponse,
\n completion: @escaping (Result<CreationResponse, Error>) -> Void
\n ) {
\n guard let data = data else {
\n DispatchQueue.main.async {
\n completion(.failure(APIError.noData))
\n }
\n return
\n }<\/p>\n
do {
\n \/\/ \u89e3\u6790\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53
\n let decoder = JSONDecoder()
\n decoder.dateDecodingStrategy = .iso8601<\/p>\n
var resource: Resource
\n if let resourceDict = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data) as? [String: Any],
\n let resourceData = try? JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: resourceDict) {
\n resource = try decoder.decode(Resource.self, from: resourceData)
\n } else {
\n \/\/ \u5982\u679c\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5b8c\u6574\u8d44\u6e90，\u5c1d\u8bd5\u89e3\u6790\u6700\u5c0f\u6570\u636e
\n let partialData = try decoder.decode([String: String].self, from: data)
\n guard let id = partialData["id"] else {
\n throw APIError.invalidResponse
\n }<\/p>\n
resource = Resource(
\n id: id,
\n name: partialData["name"] ?? "",
\n type: partialData["type"] ?? "unknown",
\n createdAt: Date(),
\n links: nil
\n )
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u83b7\u53d6Location\u5934\u90e8
\n let location = response.allHeaderFields["Location"] as? String<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6784\u5efa\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61
\n let creationResponse = CreationResponse(
\n resource: resource,
\n message: "Resource created successfully",
\n location: location
\n )<\/p>\n
DispatchQueue.main.async {
\n completion(.success(creationResponse))<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u89e6\u53d1\u901a\u77e5
\n NotificationCenter.default.post(
\n name: .resourceCreated,
\n object: nil,
\n userInfo: ["resource": resource]
\n )<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728Location，\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u5bfc\u822a
\n if let location = location, let url = URL(string: location) {
\n DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 1) {
\n UIApplication.shared.open(url)
\n }
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
} catch {
\n DispatchQueue.main.async {
\n completion(.failure(error))
\n }
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
private func handleErrorResponse(
\n data: Data?,
\n response: HTTPURLResponse,
\n completion: @escaping (Result<CreationResponse, Error>) -> Void
\n ) {
\n let error: APIError<\/p>\n
switch response.statusCode {
\n case 400:
\n error = .badRequest(self.parseErrorMessage(from: data))
\n case 401:
\n error = .unauthorized
\n case 403:
\n error = .forbidden
\n case 409:
\n error = .conflict(self.parseErrorMessage(from: data))
\n case 422:
\n error = .validationError(self.parseValidationErrors(from: data))
\n case 429:
\n error = .rateLimited
\n default:
\n error = .serverError(response.statusCode)
\n }<\/p>\n
DispatchQueue.main.async {
\n completion(.failure(error))
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
private func parseErrorMessage(from data: Data?) -> String? {
\n guard let data = data,
\n let json = try? JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data) as? [String: Any],
\n let message = json["message"] as? String else {
\n return nil
\n }
\n return message
\n }<\/p>\n
private func parseValidationErrors(from data: Data?) -> [String: [String]]? {
\n guard let data = data,
\n let json = try? JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data) as? [String: Any],
\n let errors = json["errors"] as? [String: [String]] else {
\n return nil
\n }
\n return errors
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
enum APIError: Error, LocalizedError {
\n case invalidResponse
\n case noData
\n case badRequest(String?)
\n case unauthorized
\n case forbidden
\n case conflict(String?)
\n case validationError([String: [String]]?)
\n case rateLimited
\n case serverError(Int)<\/p>\n
var errorDescription: String? {
\n switch self {
\n case .badRequest(let message):
\n return message ?? "Bad request"
\n case .unauthorized:
\n return "Authentication required"
\n case .forbidden:
\n return "Access forbidden"
\n case .conflict(let message):
\n return message ?? "Resource conflict"
\n case .validationError(let errors):
\n return errors?.map { "\\\\($0.key): \\\\($0.value.joined(separator: ", "))" }
\n .joined(separator: "; ") ?? "Validation failed"
\n case .rateLimited:
\n return "Too many requests"
\n case .serverError(let code):
\n return "Server error (\\\\(code))"
\n default:
\n return "Unknown error"
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6269\u5c55Notification.Name
\nextension Notification.Name {
\n static let resourceCreated = Notification.Name("resourceCreated")
\n}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b
\nclass ResourceCreationViewController: UIViewController {
\n let apiClient = APIClient(baseURL: URL(string: "https:\/\/api.example.com")!)<\/p>\n
@IBAction func createResourceTapped(_ sender: UIButton) {
\n let newResource = [
\n "name": "New Resource",
\n "type": "document",
\n "content": "Sample content"
\n ]<\/p>\n
showLoadingIndicator()<\/p>\n
apiClient.createResource(newResource, endpoint: "resources") { [weak self] result in
\n DispatchQueue.main.async {
\n self?.hideLoadingIndicator()<\/p>\n
switch result {
\n case .success(let response):
\n self?.handleCreationSuccess(response)
\n case .failure(let error):
\n self?.handleCreationFailure(error)
\n }
\n }
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
private func handleCreationSuccess(_ response: CreationResponse) {
\n \/\/ \u663e\u793a\u6210\u529f\u6d88\u606f
\n let alert = UIAlertController(
\n title: "Success",
\n message: response.message ?? "Resource created successfully",
\n preferredStyle: .alert
\n )<\/p>\n
alert.addAction(UIAlertAction(title: "View", style: .default) { _ in
\n if let location = response.location,
\n let url = URL(string: location) {
\n UIApplication.shared.open(url)
\n }
\n })<\/p>\n
alert.addAction(UIAlertAction(title: "OK", style: .cancel))<\/p>\n
present(alert, animated: true)<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u66f4\u65b0\u672c\u5730\u6570\u636e
\n updateResourceList(with: response.resource)
\n }<\/p>\n
private func handleCreationFailure(_ error: Error) {
\n \/\/ \u663e\u793a\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f
\n let alert = UIAlertController(
\n title: "Error",
\n message: error.localizedDescription,
\n preferredStyle: .alert
\n )<\/p>\n
alert.addAction(UIAlertAction(title: "OK", style: .default))<\/p>\n
present(alert, animated: true)
\n }<\/p>\n
private func updateResourceList(with resource: Resource) {
\n \/\/ \u66f4\u65b0UI
\n if var resources = UserDefaults.standard.array(forKey: "recentResources") as? [[String: Any]] {
\n let resourceDict: [String: Any] = [
\n "id": resource.id,
\n "name": resource.name,
\n "type": resource.type,
\n "created_at": resource.createdAt.timeIntervalSince1970
\n ]
\n resources.insert(resourceDict, at: 0)
\n UserDefaults.standard.set(resources, forKey: "recentResources")
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5237\u65b0\u5217\u8868
\n NotificationCenter.default.post(
\n name: .resourceCreated,
\n object: nil,
\n userInfo: ["resource": resource]
\n )
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
5.6 \u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h4>\n\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u589e\u5f3a<\/h5>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u5b89\u5168\u7684201\u54cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u5668
\nfrom django.http import JsonResponse
\nfrom django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
\nfrom django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
\nimport json
\nimport hashlib
\nfrom datetime import datetime<\/p>\n
class SecureCreatedResponse:
\n """\u5b89\u5168\u7684201 Created\u54cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u5668"""<\/p>\n
def __init__(self, request):
\n self.request = request
\n self.resource = None
\n self.resource_type = None<\/p>\n
def create_response(self, resource_data, resource_type, permissions=None):
\n """
\n \u521b\u5efa\u5b89\u5168\u7684201\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n
Args:
\n resource_data: \u8d44\u6e90\u6570\u636e
\n resource_type: \u8d44\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b
\n permissions: \u6240\u9700\u6743\u9650\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n
Returns:
\n JsonResponse with 201 status
\n """<\/p>\n
# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u6743\u9650
\n if permissions:
\n self._check_permissions(permissions)<\/p>\n
# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u8d44\u6e90\u6570\u636e
\n validated_data = self._validate_and_sanitize(resource_data)<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u8d44\u6e90
\n self.resource = self._create_resource(validated_data)
\n self.resource_type = resource_type<\/p>\n
# \u6784\u5efa\u54cd\u5e94
\n response_data = self._build_response_data()
\n headers = self._build_headers()<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61
\n response = JsonResponse(response_data, status=201)<\/p>\n
for key, value in headers.items():
\n response[key] = value<\/p>\n
# \u6dfb\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u5934\u90e8
\n self._add_security_headers(response)<\/p>\n
# \u8bb0\u5f55\u5ba1\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7
\n self._log_creation()<\/p>\n
return response<\/p>\n
def _check_permissions(self, required_permissions):
\n """\u68c0\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650"""
\n if not self.request.user.is_authenticated:
\n raise PermissionError("Authentication required")<\/p>\n
for perm in required_permissions:
\n if not self.request.user.has_perm(perm):
\n raise PermissionError(f"Missing permission: {perm}")<\/p>\n
def _validate_and_sanitize(self, data):
\n """\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u6e05\u7406\u6570\u636e"""
\n validated = {}<\/p>\n
# \u5fc5\u9700\u5b57\u6bb5\u68c0\u67e5
\n required_fields = ['name', 'type']
\n for field in required_fields:
\n if field not in data:
\n raise ValueError(f"Missing required field: {field}")
\n validated[field] = str(data[field]).strip()<\/p>\n
# \u6e05\u7406\u53ef\u9009\u5b57\u6bb5
\n optional_fields = ['description', 'tags', 'metadata']
\n for field in optional_fields:
\n if field in data:
\n validated[field] = self._sanitize_field(data[field], field)<\/p>\n
# \u6e05\u7406\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165
\n if 'content' in data:
\n validated['content'] = self._sanitize_html(data['content'])<\/p>\n
# \u9632\u6b62\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb
\n self._check_for_injection(validated)<\/p>\n
return validated<\/p>\n
def _sanitize_field(self, value, field_name):
\n """\u6839\u636e\u5b57\u6bb5\u7c7b\u578b\u6e05\u7406\u6570\u636e"""
\n if isinstance(value, str):
\n # \u79fb\u9664\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u7b26
\n import re
\n value = re.sub(r'[\\\\x00-\\\\x1F\\\\x7F]', '', value)<\/p>\n
# \u5b57\u6bb5\u7279\u5b9a\u6e05\u7406
\n if field_name == 'email':
\n if not self._is_valid_email(value):
\n raise ValueError(f"Invalid email: {value}")<\/p>\n
elif field_name == 'url':
\n if not self._is_valid_url(value):
\n raise ValueError(f"Invalid URL: {value}")<\/p>\n
# \u957f\u5ea6\u9650\u5236
\n max_lengths = {
\n 'name': 100,
\n 'description': 500,
\n 'tags': 200
\n }<\/p>\n
if field_name in max_lengths and len(value) > max_lengths[field_name]:
\n raise ValueError(
\n f"{field_name} too long (max {max_lengths[field_name]} chars)"
\n )<\/p>\n
elif isinstance(value, list):
\n # \u6e05\u7406\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20
\n return [self._sanitize_field(item, field_name) for item in value]<\/p>\n
elif isinstance(value, dict):
\n # \u6e05\u7406\u5b57\u5178
\n return {
\n k: self._sanitize_field(v, f"{field_name}.{k}")
\n for k, v in value.items()
\n }<\/p>\n
return value<\/p>\n
def _sanitize_html(self, html):
\n """\u6e05\u7406HTML\u5185\u5bb9"""
\n # \u4f7f\u7528bleach\u6216\u5176\u4ed6HTML\u6e05\u7406\u5e93
\n try:
\n import bleach
\n from bleach.sanitizer import ALLOWED_TAGS, ALLOWED_ATTRIBUTES<\/p>\n
allowed_tags = ALLOWED_TAGS + ['p', 'br', 'h1', 'h2', 'h3', 'h4']
\n allowed_attrs = {
\n **ALLOWED_ATTRIBUTES,
\n 'a': ['href', 'title', 'rel'],
\n 'img': ['src', 'alt', 'title']
\n }<\/p>\n
# \u6e05\u7406HTML
\n cleaned = bleach.clean(
\n html,
\n tags=allowed_tags,
\n attributes=allowed_attrs,
\n strip=True
\n )<\/p>\n
# \u6dfb\u52a0nofollow\u5230\u5916\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5
\n cleaned = bleach.linkify(cleaned, callbacks=[self._nofollow_callback])<\/p>\n
return cleaned<\/p>\n
except ImportError:
\n # \u5982\u679cbleach\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528，\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u672c\u6e05\u7406
\n import re
\n # \u79fb\u9664\u6240\u6709HTML\u6807\u7b7e
\n return re.sub(r'<[^>]*>', '', html)<\/p>\n
def _nofollow_callback(self, attrs, new=False):
\n """\u4e3a\u5916\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5\u6dfb\u52a0nofollow"""
\n href_key = (None, 'href')<\/p>\n
if href_key in attrs:
\n href = attrs[href_key]<\/p>\n
# \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u5916\u90e8\u94fe\u63a5
\n if not href.startswith(('\/api\/', '\/static\/', self.request.get_host())):
\n rel_key = (None, 'rel')
\n rel_values = set(attrs.get(rel_key, '').split())
\n rel_values.add('nofollow')
\n rel_values.add('noopener')
\n rel_values.add('noreferrer')
\n attrs[rel_key] = ' '.join(sorted(rel_values))<\/p>\n
return attrs<\/p>\n
def _check_for_injection(self, data):
\n """\u68c0\u67e5\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb"""
\n injection_patterns = [
\n r'<script[^>]*>',
\n r'javascript:',
\n r'on\\\\w+\\\\s*=',
\n r'SELECT.*FROM',
\n r'INSERT.*INTO',
\n r'DELETE.*FROM',
\n r'UPDATE.*SET',
\n r'DROP.*TABLE'
\n ]<\/p>\n
def check_value(value):
\n if isinstance(value, str):
\n for pattern in injection_patterns:
\n import re
\n if re.search(pattern, value, re.IGNORECASE):
\n raise SecurityError(f"Potential injection detected: {pattern}")<\/p>\n
elif isinstance(value, (list, dict)):
\n for item in (value.values() if isinstance(value, dict) else value):
\n check_value(item)<\/p>\n
check_value(data)<\/p>\n
def _create_resource(self, validated_data):
\n """\u521b\u5efa\u8d44\u6e90"""
\n # \u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f1a\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c
\n from uuid import uuid4
\n from django.utils import timezone<\/p>\n
resource_id = str(uuid4())<\/p>\n
resource = {
\n 'id': resource_id,
\n **validated_data,
\n 'created_by': self.request.user.id if self.request.user.is_authenticated else None,
\n 'created_at': timezone.now(),
\n 'updated_at': timezone.now(),
\n 'status': 'active',
\n 'version': 1
\n }<\/p>\n
# \u751f\u6210ETag
\n resource['etag'] = self._generate_etag(resource)<\/p>\n
# \u5b58\u50a8\u8d44\u6e90（\u6a21\u62df）
\n # self._store_resource(resource)<\/p>\n
return resource<\/p>\n
def _generate_etag(self, resource):
\n """\u751f\u6210ETag"""
\n content = f"{resource['id']}{resource['created_at'].isoformat()}{resource['version']}"
\n return hashlib.md5(content.encode()).hexdigest()<\/p>\n
def _build_response_data(self):
\n """\u6784\u5efa\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e"""
\n # \u8fc7\u6ee4\u654f\u611f\u5b57\u6bb5
\n safe_resource = {
\n k: v for k, v in self.resource.items()
\n if k not in ['created_by', 'version', 'etag', 'password', 'token']
\n }<\/p>\n
response_data = {
\n 'id': self.resource['id'],
\n 'type': self.resource_type,
\n 'attributes': safe_resource,
\n 'links': self._build_links(),
\n 'meta': {
\n 'created_at': self.resource['created_at'].isoformat(),
\n 'request_id': self.request.META.get('HTTP_X_REQUEST_ID', ''),
\n 'api_version': 'v1'
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
return response_data<\/p>\n
def _build_links(self):
\n """\u6784\u5efaHATEOAS\u94fe\u63a5"""
\n base_url = self.request.build_absolute_uri('\/')[:-1]
\n resource_url = f"{base_url}\/api\/{self.resource_type}s\/{self.resource['id']}"<\/p>\n
return {
\n 'self': {
\n 'href': resource_url,
\n 'method': 'GET'
\n },
\n 'update': {
\n 'href': resource_url,
\n 'method': 'PUT'
\n },
\n 'delete': {
\n 'href': resource_url,
\n 'method': 'DELETE'
\n },
\n 'collection': {
\n 'href': f"{base_url}\/api\/{self.resource_type}s",
\n 'method': 'GET'
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
def _build_headers(self):
\n """\u6784\u5efa\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u90e8"""
\n base_url = self.request.build_absolute_uri('\/')[:-1]
\n location = f"{base_url}\/api\/{self.resource_type}s\/{self.resource['id']}"<\/p>\n
headers = {
\n 'Location': location,
\n 'ETag': f'"{self.resource["etag"]}"',
\n 'X-Resource-ID': self.resource['id'],
\n 'X-Resource-Type': self.resource_type,
\n 'X-Created-At': self.resource['created_at'].isoformat()
\n }<\/p>\n
# \u7f13\u5b58\u63a7\u5236
\n if self.resource_type in ['document', 'article']:
\n headers['Cache-Control'] = 'public, max-age=300, must-revalidate'
\n else:
\n headers['Cache-Control'] = 'private, no-cache'<\/p>\n
return headers<\/p>\n
def _add_security_headers(self, response):
\n """\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u5934\u90e8"""
\n security_headers = {
\n 'X-Content-Type-Options': 'nosniff',
\n 'X-Frame-Options': 'DENY',
\n 'X-XSS-Protection': '1; mode=block',
\n 'Referrer-Policy': 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin',
\n 'Content-Security-Policy': "default-src 'self'",
\n 'Strict-Transport-Security': 'max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains'
\n }<\/p>\n
for header, value in security_headers.items():
\n response[header] = value<\/p>\n
def _log_creation(self):
\n """\u8bb0\u5f55\u5ba1\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7"""
\n audit_log = {
\n 'event': 'resource_created',
\n 'resource_type': self.resource_type,
\n 'resource_id': self.resource['id'],
\n 'user_id': self.request.user.id if self.request.user.is_authenticated else None,
\n 'user_agent': self.request.META.get('HTTP_USER_AGENT', ''),
\n 'ip_address': self.request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR', ''),
\n 'timestamp': datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
\n 'metadata': {
\n 'method': self.request.method,
\n 'path': self.request.path,
\n 'content_length': len(self.request.body) if self.request.body else 0
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
# \u8bb0\u5f55\u5230\u5ba1\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7（\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6）
\n import logging
\n logger = logging.getLogger('audit')
\n logger.info(json.dumps(audit_log))<\/p>\n
def _is_valid_email(self, email):
\n import re
\n pattern = r'^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\\\\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$'
\n return bool(re.match(pattern, email))<\/p>\n
def _is_valid_url(self, url):
\n import re
\n pattern = r'^https?:\/\/[^\\\\s\/$.?#].[^\\\\s]*$'
\n return bool(re.match(pattern, url))<\/p>\n
class SecurityError(Exception):
\n """\u5b89\u5168\u5f02\u5e38"""
\n pass<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b
\n@csrf_exempt
\n@login_required
\ndef create_resource_view(request):
\n """\u521b\u5efa\u8d44\u6e90\u89c6\u56fe"""<\/p>\n
if request.method != 'POST':
\n return JsonResponse({'error': 'Method not allowed'}, status=405)<\/p>\n
try:
\n # \u89e3\u6790\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e
\n data = json.loads(request.body)<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u54cd\u5e94
\n creator = SecureCreatedResponse(request)
\n response = creator.create_response(
\n resource_data=data,
\n resource_type='document',
\n permissions=['app.add_document']
\n )<\/p>\n
return response<\/p>\n
except json.JSONDecodeError:
\n return JsonResponse({'error': 'Invalid JSON'}, status=400)
\n except ValueError as e:
\n return JsonResponse({'error': str(e)}, status=400)
\n except PermissionError as e:
\n return JsonResponse({'error': str(e)}, status=403)
\n except SecurityError as e:
\n return JsonResponse({'error': 'Security violation'}, status=400)
\n except Exception as e:
\n # \u8bb0\u5f55\u8be6\u7ec6\u9519\u8bef
\n import traceback
\n logger.error(f"Creation failed: {e}\\\\n{traceback.format_exc()}")
\n return JsonResponse({'error': 'Internal server error'}, status=500)<\/p>\n
\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u603b\u7ed3<\/h5>\n
yaml<\/p>\n
# 201 Created\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u6e05\u5355
\nbest_practices_201:<\/p>\n
# \u54cd\u5e94\u8981\u6c42
\n response_requirements:
\n status_code: 201 # \u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528201，\u4e0d\u662f200
\n location_header: "\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90URI"
\n response_body: "\u5e94\u8be5\u5305\u542b\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8868\u793a"<\/p>\n
# Location\u5934\u90e8
\n location_header:
\n format: "\u7edd\u5bf9URI（\u63a8\u8350）\u6216\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84"
\n specificity: "\u6307\u5411\u5177\u4f53\u8d44\u6e90，\u4e0d\u662f\u96c6\u5408"
\n stability: "URI\u5e94\u957f\u671f\u6709\u6548"
\n example: "https:\/\/api.example.com\/v1\/users\/123"<\/p>\n
# \u54cd\u5e94\u4f53
\n response_body:
\n must_include:
\n – \u8d44\u6e90\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26（id）
\n – \u8d44\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b（type）
\n – \u521b\u5efa\u72b6\u6001（status: 'created'）<\/p>\n
should_include:
\n – \u65b0\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6216\u90e8\u5206\u8868\u793a
\n – \u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\u6233
\n – \u6210\u529f\u6d88\u606f<\/p>\n
may_include:
\n – \u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6e90\u94fe\u63a5（HATEOAS）
\n – \u5143\u6570\u636e（API\u7248\u672c\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42ID\u7b49）
\n – \u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u5efa\u8bae<\/p>\n
# \u5b89\u5168\u6027
\n security:
\n authentication: "\u521b\u5efa\u64cd\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc1"
\n authorization: "\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u6709\u521b\u5efa\u6743\u9650"
\n input_validation: "\u4e25\u683c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u6e05\u7406\u8f93\u5165"
\n output_filtering: "\u8fc7\u6ee4\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f"
\n audit_logging: "\u8bb0\u5f55\u8d44\u6e90\u521b\u5efa\u4e8b\u4ef6"<\/p>\n
# \u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u4e3a
\n caching:
\n default: "201\u54cd\u5e94\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u7f13\u5b58"
\n headers: "\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9002\u5f53\u7684Cache-Control"
\n consideration: "Location\u6307\u5411\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u7f13\u5b58"<\/p>\n
# \u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406
\n error_handling:
\n validation_errors: "\u8fd4\u56de400 Bad Request"
\n permission_denied: "\u8fd4\u56de403 Forbidden"
\n resource_conflict: "\u8fd4\u56de409 Conflict"
\n rate_limited: "\u8fd4\u56de429 Too Many Requests"
\n server_error: "\u8fd4\u56de500 Internal Server Error"<\/p>\n
# \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5904\u7406
\n client_handling:
\n check_status: "\u9a8c\u8bc1\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u662f\u5426\u4e3a201"
\n parse_location: "\u4eceLocation\u5934\u90e8\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90URI"
\n follow_links: "\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Location URI\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90"
\n handle_errors: "\u51c6\u5907\u5904\u7406\u975e201\u54cd\u5e94"<\/p>\n
# \u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5
\n special_cases:
\n batch_creation: "\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528207 Multi-Status"
\n async_creation: "\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528202 Accepted"
\n duplicate_prevention: "\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7ea6\u675f\u548c409 Conflict"<\/p>\n
# \u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7
\n monitoring:
\n success_rate: "\u76d1\u63a7201\u54cd\u5e94\u6bd4\u4f8b"
\n response_time: "\u76d1\u63a7\u521b\u5efa\u64cd\u4f5c\u5ef6\u8fdf"
\n error_rates: "\u76d1\u63a7\u5404\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b"
\n audit_trail: "\u7ef4\u62a4\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u5ba1\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7"<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u6790，\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86201 Created\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u7528\u6cd5\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528201 Created\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u6539\u5584API\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u53d1\u73b0\u6027\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c6\u7ae0：202 Accepted – \u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u63a5\u53d7<\/h2>\n6.1 202 Accepted\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\nRFC\u6807\u51c6\u5b9a\u4e49\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790<\/h4>\n
RFC\u6807\u51c6\u5b9a\u4e49\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790<\/h4>\n
\u6839\u636eRFC 7231\u7b2c6.3.3\u8282，202 Accepted\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5173\u952e\u542b\u4e49：<\/p>\n
"202 (Accepted)\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5df2\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u5904\u7406，\u4f46\u5904\u7406\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c，\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a，\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u9001\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002"<\/p>\n
\u6838\u5fc3\u8bed\u4e49\u7279\u5f81<\/h5>\n
\u975e\u627f\u8bfa\u6027\u63a5\u53d7：\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u53d7\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f46\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6210<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406：\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u5f02\u6b65\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u65e0\u5373\u65f6\u7ed3\u679c：\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u72b6\u6001\u8ddf\u8e2a：\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u72b6\u6001\u67e5\u8be2\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u77e9\u9635<\/h4>\n
python<\/p>\n
# 202 Accepted\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u5206\u6790\u5668
\nclass AcceptedUseCaseAnalyzer:
\n """\u5206\u6790202\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f"""<\/p>\n
SCENARIOS = {
\n "long_running_process": {
\n "description": "\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1",
\n "examples": [
\n "\u89c6\u9891\u8f6c\u7801\u548c\u538b\u7f29",
\n "\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u62a5\u544a\u751f\u6210",
\n "\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3",
\n "\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u5bfc\u51fa"
\n ],
\n "typical_duration": "\u51e0\u5206\u949f\u5230\u51e0\u5c0f\u65f6",
\n "implementation_pattern": "\u4efb\u52a1\u961f\u5217+\u72b6\u6001\u8f6e\u8be2"
\n },
\n "external_dependency": {
\n "description": "\u4f9d\u8d56\u5916\u90e8\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c",
\n "examples": [
\n "\u652f\u4ed8\u7f51\u5173\u5904\u7406",
\n "\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9API\u96c6\u6210",
\n "\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4ea4\u6613\u786e\u8ba4",
\n "\u77ed\u4fe1\/\u90ae\u4ef6\u53d1\u9001"
\n ],
\n "typical_duration": "\u51e0\u79d2\u5230\u51e0\u5206\u949f",
\n "implementation_pattern": "\u56de\u8c03\u6216\u8f6e\u8be2"
\n },
\n "manual_review": {
\n "description": "\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u5de5\u5ba1\u6838\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c",
\n "examples": [
\n "\u5185\u5bb9\u5ba1\u6838（\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u6587\u672c）",
\n "\u7528\u6237\u6ce8\u518c\u5ba1\u6838",
\n "\u63d0\u73b0\u7533\u8bf7\u5ba1\u6279",
\n "\u654f\u611f\u64cd\u4f5c\u786e\u8ba4"
\n ],
\n "typical_duration": "\u51e0\u5c0f\u65f6\u5230\u51e0\u5929",
\n "implementation_pattern": "\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u5f15\u64ce+\u901a\u77e5"
\n },
\n "batch_processing": {
\n "description": "\u6279\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406",
\n "examples": [
\n "\u6279\u91cf\u7528\u6237\u5bfc\u5165",
\n "\u6570\u636e\u8fc1\u79fb",
\n "\u62a5\u8868\u751f\u6210",
\n "\u7cfb\u7edf\u5907\u4efd"
\n ],
\n "typical_duration": "\u51e0\u5341\u5206\u949f\u5230\u51e0\u5c0f\u65f6",
\n "implementation_pattern": "\u6279\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1+\u8fdb\u5ea6\u8ddf\u8e2a"
\n },
\n "resource_intensive": {
\n "description": "\u8d44\u6e90\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u64cd\u4f5c",
\n "examples": [
\n "3D\u6e32\u67d3",
\n "\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97",
\n "\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406",
\n "\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97"
\n ],
\n "typical_duration": "\u51e0\u79d2\u5230\u51e0\u5c0f\u65f6",
\n "implementation_pattern": "\u8ba1\u7b97\u96c6\u7fa4+\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6"
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
def is_appropriate(self, request_characteristics):
\n """
\n \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528202 Accepted<\/p>\n
Args:
\n request_characteristics: {
\n "estimated_duration": \u79d2\u6570,
\n "requires_external_service": bool,
\n "needs_human_review": bool,
\n "resource_intensity": "low|medium|high",
\n "can_be_cancelled": bool
\n }
\n """<\/p>\n
criteria = [
\n # \u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u6807\u51c6
\n request_characteristics.get("estimated_duration", 0) > 30,<\/p>\n
# \u5916\u90e8\u4f9d\u8d56\u6807\u51c6
\n request_characteristics.get("requires_external_service", False),<\/p>\n
# \u4eba\u5de5\u5ba1\u6838\u6807\u51c6
\n request_characteristics.get("needs_human_review", False),<\/p>\n
# \u8d44\u6e90\u5f3a\u5ea6\u6807\u51c6
\n request_characteristics.get("resource_intensity") in ["medium", "high"],<\/p>\n
# \u53ef\u53d6\u6d88\u6027\u6807\u51c6（\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u53d6\u6d88）
\n request_characteristics.get("can_be_cancelled", False)
\n ]<\/p>\n
# \u5982\u679c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6，\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528202
\n return sum(criteria) >= 2<\/p>\n
202 vs 201 vs 200 \u51b3\u7b56\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/20261104055658-6aeac92aa2363.png\")
<\/h4>\n6.2 \u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u90e8\u4e0e\u72b6\u6001\u8ddf\u8e2a<\/h3>\n\u5fc5\u9700\u4e0e\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u5934\u90e8<\/h4>\n
\u5fc5\u9700\u4e0e\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u5934\u90e8<\/h4>\n
http<\/p>\n
# \u5b8c\u6574\u7684202 Accepted\u54cd\u5e94\u793a\u4f8b
\nHTTP\/1.1 202 Accepted
\nDate: Mon, 23 Jan 2023 10:30:45 GMT
\nContent-Type: application\/json
\nContent-Length: 423
\nLocation: https:\/\/api.example.com\/tasks\/550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000
\nRetry-After: 30
\nX-Request-ID: req_1234567890abcdef
\nX-Task-ID: task_550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000
\nX-Task-Status-URL: https:\/\/api.example.com\/tasks\/550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000\/status
\nX-Estimated-Completion: Mon, 23 Jan 2023 10:35:45 GMT
\nCache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate
\nExpires: 0
\nPragma: no-cache<\/p>\n
{
\n "task": {
\n "id": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000",
\n "status": "pending",
\n "message": "Your request has been accepted and is being processed",
\n "created_at": "2023-01-23T10:30:45Z",
\n "estimated_completion": "2023-01-23T10:35:45Z",
\n "progress": 0,
\n "links": {
\n "self": {
\n "href": "https:\/\/api.example.com\/tasks\/550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000",
\n "method": "GET"
\n },
\n "status": {
\n "href": "https:\/\/api.example.com\/tasks\/550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000\/status",
\n "method": "GET"
\n },
\n "cancel": {
\n "href": "https:\/\/api.example.com\/tasks\/550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000\/cancel",
\n "method": "POST"
\n }
\n }
\n },
\n "metadata": {
\n "api_version": "v1",
\n "request_id": "req_1234567890abcdef",
\n "timestamp": "2023-01-23T10:30:45Z"
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\u72b6\u6001\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7aef\u70b9\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h4>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u73b0
\nfrom datetime import datetime, timedelta
\nfrom enum import Enum
\nimport uuid
\nimport json
\nfrom typing import Dict, Any, Optional, List
\nfrom dataclasses import dataclass, asdict
\nfrom abc import ABC, abstractmethod<\/p>\n
class TaskStatus(Enum):
\n """\u4efb\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u679a\u4e3e"""
\n PENDING = "pending"
\n PROCESSING = "processing"
\n COMPLETED = "completed"
\n FAILED = "failed"
\n CANCELLED = "cancelled"
\n RETRYING = "retrying"<\/p>\n
@dataclass
\nclass TaskProgress:
\n """\u4efb\u52a1\u8fdb\u5ea6\u4fe1\u606f"""
\n current: int = 0
\n total: int = 100
\n percentage: float = 0.0
\n phase: str = "initializing"
\n message: str = ""<\/p>\n
def update(self, current: int, total: int = 100, phase: str = None, message: str = None):
\n self.current = current
\n self.total = total
\n self.percentage = (current \/ total) * 100 if total > 0 else 0
\n if phase:
\n self.phase = phase
\n if message:
\n self.message = message<\/p>\n
def to_dict(self):
\n return asdict(self)<\/p>\n
@dataclass
\nclass TaskResult:
\n """\u4efb\u52a1\u7ed3\u679c"""
\n success: bool = True
\n data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
\n error: Optional[str] = None
\n error_code: Optional[str] = None
\n warnings: List[str] = None<\/p>\n
def __post_init__(self):
\n if self.warnings is None:
\n self.warnings = []<\/p>\n
def to_dict(self):
\n result = asdict(self)
\n # \u8fc7\u6ee4None\u503c
\n return {k: v for k, v in result.items() if v is not None}<\/p>\n
class Task:
\n """\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u6a21\u578b"""<\/p>\n
def __init__(self, task_type: str, input_data: Dict[str, Any], creator: str = None):
\n self.id = str(uuid.uuid4())
\n self.type = task_type
\n self.input_data = input_data
\n self.creator = creator
\n self.created_at = datetime.utcnow()
\n self.updated_at = self.created_at
\n self.status = TaskStatus.PENDING
\n self.progress = TaskProgress()
\n self.result = None
\n self.metadata = {
\n "retry_count": 0,
\n "max_retries": 3,
\n "priority": "normal",
\n "timeout": 3600 # \u9ed8\u8ba41\u5c0f\u65f6\u8d85\u65f6
\n }
\n self.links = {}<\/p>\n
def update_status(self, status: TaskStatus, message: str = None):
\n """\u66f4\u65b0\u4efb\u52a1\u72b6\u6001"""
\n self.status = status
\n self.updated_at = datetime.utcnow()
\n if message and self.progress:
\n self.progress.message = message<\/p>\n
def set_progress(self, current: int, total: int = 100, phase: str = None, message: str = None):
\n """\u66f4\u65b0\u8fdb\u5ea6"""
\n self.progress.update(current, total, phase, message)
\n self.updated_at = datetime.utcnow()<\/p>\n
def complete(self, result_data: Dict[str, Any] = None):
\n """\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1"""
\n self.result = TaskResult(success=True, data=result_data)
\n self.update_status(TaskStatus.COMPLETED, "Task completed successfully")
\n self.set_progress(100, 100, "completed")<\/p>\n
def fail(self, error: str, error_code: str = None):
\n """\u4efb\u52a1\u5931\u8d25"""
\n self.result = TaskResult(success=False, error=error, error_code=error_code)
\n self.update_status(TaskStatus.FAILED, f"Task failed: {error}")<\/p>\n
def cancel(self):
\n """\u53d6\u6d88\u4efb\u52a1"""
\n self.update_status(TaskStatus.CANCELLED, "Task cancelled by user")<\/p>\n
def to_response_dict(self, request) -> Dict[str, Any]:
\n """\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aAPI\u54cd\u5e94\u683c\u5f0f"""
\n base_url = f"{request.scheme}:\/\/{request.get_host()}"<\/p>\n
# \u6784\u5efa\u94fe\u63a5
\n self.links = {
\n "self": {
\n "href": f"{base_url}\/api\/tasks\/{self.id}",
\n "method": "GET",
\n "description": "Get task details"
\n },
\n "status": {
\n "href": f"{base_url}\/api\/tasks\/{self.id}\/status",
\n "method": "GET",
\n "description": "Get task status"
\n },
\n "cancel": {
\n "href": f"{base_url}\/api\/tasks\/{self.id}\/cancel",
\n "method": "POST",
\n "description": "Cancel the task"
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
# \u5982\u679c\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210，\u6dfb\u52a0\u7ed3\u679c\u94fe\u63a5
\n if self.status == TaskStatus.COMPLETED and self.result and self.result.data:
\n resource_id = self.result.data.get("id")
\n if resource_id:
\n self.links["result"] = {
\n "href": f"{base_url}\/api\/resources\/{resource_id}",
\n "method": "GET",
\n "description": "Get the created resource"
\n }<\/p>\n
response = {
\n "task": {
\n "id": self.id,
\n "type": self.type,
\n "status": self.status.value,
\n "progress": self.progress.to_dict(),
\n "created_at": self.created_at.isoformat(),
\n "updated_at": self.updated_at.isoformat(),
\n "estimated_completion": self._estimate_completion(),
\n "links": self.links
\n },
\n "metadata": {
\n "api_version": "v1",
\n "request_id": request.headers.get("X-Request-ID", ""),
\n "timestamp": datetime.utcnow().isoformat()
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
# \u6dfb\u52a0\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6458\u8981（\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f）
\n if self.input_data:
\n response["task"]["input_summary"] = self._summarize_input(self.input_data)<\/p>\n
return response<\/p>\n
def _estimate_completion(self) -> str:
\n """\u4f30\u7b97\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u95f4"""
\n if self.status in [TaskStatus.COMPLETED, TaskStatus.FAILED, TaskStatus.CANCELLED]:
\n return self.updated_at.isoformat()<\/p>\n
# \u57fa\u4e8e\u8fdb\u5ea6\u4f30\u7b97
\n if self.progress.percentage > 0:
\n elapsed = (datetime.utcnow() – self.created_at).total_seconds()
\n if self.progress.percentage < 100:
\n remaining = elapsed * (100 – self.progress.percentage) \/ self.progress.percentage
\n estimated = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(seconds=remaining)
\n return estimated.isoformat()<\/p>\n
# \u9ed8\u8ba4：\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4 + \u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4
\n default_estimated = self.created_at + timedelta(seconds=self.metadata["timeout"])
\n return default_estimated.isoformat()<\/p>\n
def _summarize_input(self, input_data: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
\n """\u521b\u5efa\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6458\u8981，\u8fc7\u6ee4\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f"""
\n summary = {}<\/p>\n
for key, value in input_data.items():
\n if isinstance(value, dict):
\n summary[key] = {"type": "object", "keys": list(value.keys())}
\n elif isinstance(value, list):
\n summary[key] = {"type": "array", "count": len(value)}
\n elif isinstance(value, str):
\n # \u654f\u611f\u5b57\u6bb5\u5904\u7406
\n if any(sensitive in key.lower() for sensitive in ["password", "token", "secret", "key"]):
\n summary[key] = {"type": "string", "length": len(value), "masked": True}
\n else:
\n summary[key] = {"type": "string", "length": len(value)}
\n elif isinstance(value, (int, float, bool)):
\n summary[key] = {"type": type(value).__name__, "value": value}
\n else:
\n summary[key] = {"type": str(type(value))}<\/p>\n
return summary<\/p>\n
class TaskManager:
\n """\u4efb\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668"""<\/p>\n
def __init__(self):
\n self.tasks: Dict[str, Task] = {}
\n self.task_processors = {}<\/p>\n
def create_task(self, task_type: str, input_data: Dict[str, Any], creator: str = None) -> Task:
\n """\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u4efb\u52a1"""
\n task = Task(task_type, input_data, creator)
\n self.tasks[task.id] = task<\/p>\n
# \u6839\u636e\u4efb\u52a1\u7c7b\u578b\u542f\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u5668
\n if task_type in self.task_processors:
\n processor = self.task_processors[task_type]
\n processor.start(task)<\/p>\n
return task<\/p>\n
def get_task(self, task_id: str) -> Optional[Task]:
\n """\u83b7\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1"""
\n return self.tasks.get(task_id)<\/p>\n
def register_processor(self, task_type: str, processor):
\n """\u6ce8\u518c\u4efb\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u5668"""
\n self.task_processors[task_type] = processor<\/p>\n
def cleanup_old_tasks(self, max_age_hours: int = 24):
\n """\u6e05\u7406\u65e7\u4efb\u52a1"""
\n cutoff_time = datetime.utcnow() – timedelta(hours=max_age_hours)<\/p>\n
to_delete = []
\n for task_id, task in self.tasks.items():
\n if task.updated_at < cutoff_time:
\n to_delete.append(task_id)<\/p>\n
for task_id in to_delete:
\n del self.tasks[task_id]<\/p>\n
return len(to_delete)<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4efb\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u5668
\nclass VideoTranscodingProcessor:
\n """\u89c6\u9891\u8f6c\u7801\u5904\u7406\u5668"""<\/p>\n
def start(self, task: Task):
\n """\u5f00\u59cb\u5904\u7406"""
\n # \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d，\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f1a\u5c06\u4efb\u52a1\u653e\u5165\u961f\u5217
\n # \u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u62df\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n
import threading
\n thread = threading.Thread(target=self._process, args=(task,))
\n thread.daemon = True
\n thread.start()<\/p>\n
def _process(self, task: Task):
\n """\u6a21\u62df\u89c6\u9891\u8f6c\u7801\u5904\u7406"""
\n try:
\n task.update_status(TaskStatus.PROCESSING, "Starting video transcoding")<\/p>\n
# \u6a21\u62df\u5904\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4
\n steps = [
\n ("validating_input", 10, "Validating input file"),
\n ("extracting_metadata", 20, "Extracting video metadata"),
\n ("transcoding_video", 60, "Transcoding video"),
\n ("encoding_audio", 80, "Encoding audio"),
\n ("finalizing", 100, "Finalizing output")
\n ]<\/p>\n
for phase, progress, message in steps:
\n import time
\n time.sleep(2) # \u6a21\u62df\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u95f4
\n task.set_progress(progress, 100, phase, message)<\/p>\n
# \u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1
\n output_data = {
\n "video_id": f"vid_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}",
\n "format": "mp4",
\n "resolution": "1920×1080",
\n "duration": 120,
\n "size_mb": 45.7,
\n "url": f"https:\/\/cdn.example.com\/videos\/vid_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}.mp4"
\n }<\/p>\n
task.complete(output_data)<\/p>\n
except Exception as e:
\n task.fail(f"Transcoding failed: {str(e)}", "TRANSCODING_ERROR")<\/p>\n
6.3 \u5b9e\u73b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u67b6\u6784<\/h3>\n\u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u67b6\u6784\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h4>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u67b6\u6784
\nfrom flask import Flask, request, jsonify, Blueprint
\nfrom celery import Celery
\nfrom datetime import datetime
\nimport redis
\nimport json<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efaFlask\u5e94\u7528
\napp = Flask(__name__)
\napp.config.update(
\n CELERY_BROKER_URL='redis:\/\/localhost:6379\/0',
\n CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND='redis:\/\/localhost:6379\/0',
\n TASK_TIMEOUT=3600,
\n MAX_RETRIES=3
\n)<\/p>\n
# \u521d\u59cb\u5316Celery
\ndef make_celery(app):
\n celery = Celery(
\n app.import_name,
\n backend=app.config['CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND'],
\n broker=app.config['CELERY_BROKER_URL']
\n )
\n celery.conf.update(app.config)<\/p>\n
class ContextTask(celery.Task):
\n def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
\n with app.app_context():
\n return self.run(*args, **kwargs)<\/p>\n
celery.Task = ContextTask
\n return celery<\/p>\n
celery = make_celery(app)<\/p>\n
# Redis\u8fde\u63a5
\nredis_client = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=1)<\/p>\n
# \u4efb\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406
\nclass TaskStatusManager:
\n """\u57fa\u4e8eRedis\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406"""<\/p>\n
def __init__(self, redis_client):
\n self.redis = redis_client
\n self.status_key_prefix = "task:status:"
\n self.result_key_prefix = "task:result:"<\/p>\n
def create_task(self, task_type, input_data, metadata=None):
\n """\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u4efb\u52a1\u8bb0\u5f55"""
\n task_id = f"task_{datetime.utcnow().strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')}_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"<\/p>\n
task_info = {
\n "id": task_id,
\n "type": task_type,
\n "status": "pending",
\n "input": input_data,
\n "metadata": metadata or {},
\n "created_at": datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
\n "updated_at": datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
\n "progress": {
\n "current": 0,
\n "total": 100,
\n "percentage": 0,
\n "message": "Task created"
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
# \u5b58\u50a8\u5230Redis，\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4（24\u5c0f\u65f6）
\n key = self.status_key_prefix + task_id
\n self.redis.setex(
\n key,
\n 24 * 3600, # 24\u5c0f\u65f6
\n json.dumps(task_info)
\n )<\/p>\n
return task_id, task_info<\/p>\n
def update_status(self, task_id, status, progress=None, message=None):
\n """\u66f4\u65b0\u4efb\u52a1\u72b6\u6001"""
\n key = self.status_key_prefix + task_id
\n task_json = self.redis.get(key)<\/p>\n
if not task_json:
\n return False<\/p>\n
task_info = json.loads(task_json)
\n task_info["status"] = status
\n task_info["updated_at"] = datetime.utcnow().isoformat()<\/p>\n
if progress:
\n task_info["progress"] = progress<\/p>\n
if message and "progress" in task_info:
\n task_info["progress"]["message"] = message<\/p>\n
# \u66f4\u65b0Redis
\n ttl = self.redis.ttl(key)
\n self.redis.setex(key, ttl if ttl > 0 else 24*3600, json.dumps(task_info))<\/p>\n
return True<\/p>\n
def store_result(self, task_id, result_data, success=True):
\n """\u5b58\u50a8\u4efb\u52a1\u7ed3\u679c"""
\n result_info = {
\n "task_id": task_id,
\n "success": success,
\n "data": result_data,
\n "completed_at": datetime.utcnow().isoformat()
\n }<\/p>\n
key = self.result_key_prefix + task_id
\n self.redis.setex(key, 7 * 24 * 3600, json.dumps(result_info)) # \u4fdd\u75597\u5929<\/p>\n
# \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6210
\n self.update_status(
\n task_id,
\n "completed" if success else "failed",
\n {"current": 100, "total": 100, "percentage": 100, "message": "Task completed"}
\n )<\/p>\n
def get_task_info(self, task_id):
\n """\u83b7\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\u4fe1\u606f"""
\n key = self.status_key_prefix + task_id
\n task_json = self.redis.get(key)<\/p>\n
if not task_json:
\n return None<\/p>\n
task_info = json.loads(task_json)<\/p>\n
# \u83b7\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c（\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210）
\n if task_info["status"] in ["completed", "failed"]:
\n result_key = self.result_key_prefix + task_id
\n result_json = self.redis.get(result_key)
\n if result_json:
\n result_info = json.loads(result_json)
\n task_info["result"] = result_info<\/p>\n
return task_info<\/p>\n
# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668
\ntask_manager = TaskStatusManager(redis_client)<\/p>\n
# Celery\u4efb\u52a1\u5b9a\u4e49
\n@celery.task(bind=True, max_retries=3)
\ndef process_video_task(self, task_id, input_data):
\n """\u89c6\u9891\u5904\u7406Celery\u4efb\u52a1"""
\n from celery.exceptions import MaxRetriesExceededError<\/p>\n
try:
\n # \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u5904\u7406\u4e2d
\n task_manager.update_status(
\n task_id,
\n "processing",
\n {"current": 10, "total": 100, "percentage": 10, "message": "Starting video processing"}
\n )<\/p>\n
# \u6a21\u62df\u5904\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4
\n steps = [
\n (20, "Validating video format"),
\n (40, "Extracting metadata"),
\n (60, "Processing video"),
\n (80, "Encoding output"),
\n (100, "Finalizing")
\n ]<\/p>\n
for progress, message in steps:
\n # \u6a21\u62df\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u95f4
\n import time
\n time.sleep(5)<\/p>\n
# \u66f4\u65b0\u8fdb\u5ea6
\n task_manager.update_status(
\n task_id,
\n "processing",
\n {"current": progress, "total": 100, "percentage": progress, "message": message}
\n )<\/p>\n
# \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88
\n current_status = task_manager.get_task_info(task_id)
\n if current_status and current_status["status"] == "cancelled":
\n return {"status": "cancelled", "task_id": task_id}<\/p>\n
# \u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1
\n result_data = {
\n "video_id": f"vid_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}",
\n "status": "processed",
\n "download_url": f"https:\/\/cdn.example.com\/videos\/{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}.mp4"
\n }<\/p>\n
task_manager.store_result(task_id, result_data, success=True)<\/p>\n
return {"status": "success", "result": result_data}<\/p>\n
except Exception as e:
\n # \u8bb0\u5f55\u9519\u8bef
\n error_result = {
\n "error": str(e),
\n "error_code": "PROCESSING_ERROR"
\n }<\/p>\n
task_manager.store_result(task_id, error_result, success=False)<\/p>\n
# \u91cd\u8bd5\u903b\u8f91
\n try:
\n self.retry(countdown=60, max_retries=3) # 60\u79d2\u540e\u91cd\u8bd5
\n except MaxRetriesExceededError:
\n pass<\/p>\n
raise<\/p>\n
# API\u84dd\u56fe
\ntasks_bp = Blueprint('tasks', __name__, url_prefix='\/api\/tasks')<\/p>\n
@tasks_bp.route('', methods=['POST'])
\ndef create_task():
\n """\u521b\u5efa\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1"""<\/p>\n
# \u89e3\u6790\u8bf7\u6c42
\n data = request.get_json()
\n if not data:
\n return jsonify({"error": "No data provided"}), 400<\/p>\n
task_type = data.get('type')
\n if not task_type:
\n return jsonify({"error": "Task type is required"}), 400<\/p>\n
# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u4efb\u52a1\u7c7b\u578b
\n valid_types = ['video_process', 'report_generate', 'data_export', 'image_process']
\n if task_type not in valid_types:
\n return jsonify({
\n "error": f"Invalid task type. Must be one of: {', '.join(valid_types)}"
\n }), 400<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u4efb\u52a1\u8bb0\u5f55
\n task_id, task_info = task_manager.create_task(
\n task_type=task_type,
\n input_data=data.get('input', {}),
\n metadata={
\n "source_ip": request.remote_addr,
\n "user_agent": request.headers.get('User-Agent'),
\n "content_type": request.headers.get('Content-Type')
\n }
\n )<\/p>\n
# \u6839\u636e\u4efb\u52a1\u7c7b\u578b\u542f\u52a8Celery\u4efb\u52a1
\n if task_type == 'video_process':
\n process_video_task.delay(task_id, data.get('input', {}))
\n # \u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5904\u7406…<\/p>\n
# \u6784\u5efa202\u54cd\u5e94
\n base_url = request.host_url.rstrip('\/')<\/p>\n
response_data = {
\n "task": {
\n "id": task_id,
\n "type": task_type,
\n "status": task_info["status"],
\n "created_at": task_info["created_at"],
\n "estimated_completion": (datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(minutes=10)).isoformat(),
\n "links": {
\n "self": f"{base_url}\/api\/tasks\/{task_id}",
\n "status": f"{base_url}\/api\/tasks\/{task_id}\/status",
\n "cancel": f"{base_url}\/api\/tasks\/{task_id}\/cancel"
\n }
\n },
\n "message": "Task accepted and will be processed asynchronously"
\n }<\/p>\n
response = jsonify(response_data)
\n response.status_code = 202
\n response.headers['Location'] = f"{base_url}\/api\/tasks\/{task_id}"
\n response.headers['Retry-After'] = '30'
\n response.headers['X-Task-ID'] = task_id<\/p>\n
return response<\/p>\n
@tasks_bp.route('\/<task_id>', methods=['GET'])
\ndef get_task(task_id):
\n """\u83b7\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\u4fe1\u606f"""
\n task_info = task_manager.get_task_info(task_id)<\/p>\n
if not task_info:
\n return jsonify({"error": "Task not found"}), 404<\/p>\n
base_url = request.host_url.rstrip('\/')<\/p>\n
# \u6784\u5efa\u54cd\u5e94
\n response_data = {
\n "task": {
\n "id": task_info["id"],
\n "type": task_info["type"],
\n "status": task_info["status"],
\n "progress": task_info.get("progress", {}),
\n "created_at": task_info["created_at"],
\n "updated_at": task_info["updated_at"],
\n "links": {
\n "self": f"{base_url}\/api\/tasks\/{task_id}",
\n "status": f"{base_url}\/api\/tasks\/{task_id}\/status"
\n }
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
# \u5982\u679c\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210，\u5305\u542b\u7ed3\u679c
\n if task_info["status"] in ["completed", "failed"] and "result" in task_info:
\n response_data["task"]["result"] = task_info["result"]<\/p>\n
# \u5982\u679c\u6210\u529f\u4e14\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u8d44\u6e90，\u6dfb\u52a0\u8d44\u6e90\u94fe\u63a5
\n if (task_info["status"] == "completed" and
\n task_info["result"].get("success") and
\n task_info["result"].get("data", {}).get("resource_id")):<\/p>\n
resource_id = task_info["result"]["data"]["resource_id"]
\n response_data["task"]["links"]["resource"] = \\\\
\n f"{base_url}\/api\/resources\/{resource_id}"<\/p>\n
# \u5982\u679c\u72b6\u6001\u662fpending\u6216processing，\u6dfb\u52a0\u53d6\u6d88\u94fe\u63a5
\n if task_info["status"] in ["pending", "processing"]:
\n response_data["task"]["links"]["cancel"] = \\\\
\n f"{base_url}\/api\/tasks\/{task_id}\/cancel"<\/p>\n
return jsonify(response_data)<\/p>\n
@tasks_bp.route('\/<task_id>\/status', methods=['GET'])
\ndef get_task_status(task_id):
\n """\u83b7\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\u72b6\u6001（\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7，\u9002\u5408\u8f6e\u8be2）"""
\n task_info = task_manager.get_task_info(task_id)<\/p>\n
if not task_info:
\n return jsonify({"error": "Task not found"}), 404<\/p>\n
# \u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u72b6\u6001\u54cd\u5e94
\n response_data = {
\n "task_id": task_info["id"],
\n "status": task_info["status"],
\n "progress": task_info.get("progress", {}).get("percentage", 0),
\n "message": task_info.get("progress", {}).get("message", ""),
\n "updated_at": task_info["updated_at"]
\n }<\/p>\n
# \u6dfb\u52a0\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u8f6e\u8be2\u65f6\u95f4
\n if task_info["status"] in ["pending", "processing"]:
\n response_data["suggested_poll_interval"] = 10 # 10\u79d2<\/p>\n
return jsonify(response_data)<\/p>\n
@tasks_bp.route('\/<task_id>\/cancel', methods=['POST'])
\ndef cancel_task(task_id):
\n """\u53d6\u6d88\u4efb\u52a1"""
\n task_info = task_manager.get_task_info(task_id)<\/p>\n
if not task_info:
\n return jsonify({"error": "Task not found"}), 404<\/p>\n
if task_info["status"] not in ["pending", "processing"]:
\n return jsonify({
\n "error": f"Cannot cancel task in {task_info['status']} state"
\n }), 400<\/p>\n
# \u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001
\n task_manager.update_status(
\n task_id,
\n "cancelled",
\n {"current": 0, "total": 100, "percentage": 0, "message": "Cancelled by user"}
\n )<\/p>\n
# \u8fd9\u91cc\u5e94\u8be5\u901a\u77e5Celery\u4efb\u52a1\u505c\u6b62（\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f1a\u66f4\u590d\u6742）<\/p>\n
return jsonify({
\n "message": "Task cancellation requested",
\n "task_id": task_id,
\n "status": "cancelled"
\n })<\/p>\n
# \u6ce8\u518c\u84dd\u56fe
\napp.register_blueprint(tasks_bp)<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':
\n app.run(debug=True)<\/p>\n
6.4 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\u667a\u80fd\u8f6e\u8be2\u7b56\u7565<\/h4>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u667a\u80fd\u4efb\u52a1\u8f6e\u8be2\u7ba1\u7406\u5668
\nclass TaskPollingManager {
\n constructor(options = {}) {
\n this.options = {
\n initialDelay: 1000, \/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5ef6\u8fdf
\n maxDelay: 30000, \/\/ \u6700\u5927\u5ef6\u8fdf
\n backoffFactor: 1.5, \/\/ \u9000\u907f\u56e0\u5b50
\n maxAttempts: 100, \/\/ \u6700\u5927\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6b21\u6570
\n jitter: 0.1, \/\/ \u968f\u673a\u6296\u52a8\u56e0\u5b50
\n …options
\n };<\/p>\n
this.tasks = new Map(); \/\/ \u4efb\u52a1\u6620\u5c04
\n this.attempts = new Map(); \/\/ \u5c1d\u8bd5\u6b21\u6570\u8bb0\u5f55
\n this.timeouts = new Map(); \/\/ \u8d85\u65f6\u8bb0\u5f55
\n }<\/p>\n
\/**
\n * \u5f00\u59cb\u8f6e\u8be2\u4efb\u52a1
\n * @param {string} taskId – \u4efb\u52a1ID
\n * @param {string} statusUrl – \u72b6\u6001URL
\n * @param {Object} callbacks – \u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570
\n *\/
\n startPolling(taskId, statusUrl, callbacks = {}) {
\n \/\/ \u9a8c\u8bc1\u56de\u8c03
\n const defaultCallbacks = {
\n onProgress: () => {},
\n onSuccess: () => {},
\n onFailure: () => {},
\n onCancelled: () => {},
\n onError: (error) => console.error('Polling error:', error)
\n };<\/p>\n
const mergedCallbacks = { …defaultCallbacks, …callbacks };<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\u8bb0\u5f55
\n this.tasks.set(taskId, {
\n id: taskId,
\n url: statusUrl,
\n callbacks: mergedCallbacks,
\n status: 'polling',
\n lastPolled: null,
\n delay: this.options.initialDelay
\n });<\/p>\n
this.attempts.set(taskId, 0);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5f00\u59cb\u8f6e\u8be2
\n this._schedulePoll(taskId);<\/p>\n
return {
\n cancel: () => this.cancelPolling(taskId),
\n getStatus: () => this.tasks.get(taskId)?.status
\n };
\n }<\/p>\n
cancelPolling(taskId) {
\n const task = this.tasks.get(taskId);
\n if (!task) return false;<\/p>\n
task.status = 'cancelled';<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6e05\u9664\u8d85\u65f6
\n const timeoutId = this.timeouts.get(taskId);
\n if (timeoutId) {
\n clearTimeout(timeoutId);
\n this.timeouts.delete(taskId);
\n }<\/p>\n
return true;
\n }<\/p>\n
_schedulePoll(taskId) {
\n const task = this.tasks.get(taskId);
\n if (!task || task.status !== 'polling') return;<\/p>\n
const attempts = this.attempts.get(taskId) || 0;
\n if (attempts >= this.options.maxAttempts) {
\n task.callbacks.onError(new Error('Max polling attempts reached'));
\n this.tasks.delete(taskId);
\n return;
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8ba1\u7b97\u5ef6\u8fdf（\u5e26\u6307\u6570\u9000\u907f\u548c\u6296\u52a8）
\n let delay = task.delay;
\n delay = Math.min(delay, this.options.maxDelay);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6dfb\u52a0\u968f\u673a\u6296\u52a8
\n const jitter = delay * this.options.jitter;
\n delay += (Math.random() * 2 – 1) * jitter;<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u786e\u4fdd\u6700\u5c0f\u5ef6\u8fdf
\n delay = Math.max(delay, 100);<\/p>\n
const timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {
\n this._pollTask(taskId);
\n }, delay);<\/p>\n
this.timeouts.set(taskId, timeoutId);
\n }<\/p>\n
async _pollTask(taskId) {
\n const task = this.tasks.get(taskId);
\n if (!task || task.status !== 'polling') return;<\/p>\n
try {
\n const response = await fetch(task.url, {
\n method: 'GET',
\n headers: {
\n 'Accept': 'application\/json',
\n 'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'
\n }
\n });<\/p>\n
if (!response.ok) {
\n throw new Error(`HTTP ${response.status}`);
\n }<\/p>\n
const data = await response.json();<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u66f4\u65b0\u4efb\u52a1\u72b6\u6001
\n task.lastPolled = new Date();
\n this.attempts.set(taskId, (this.attempts.get(taskId) || 0) + 1);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5904\u7406\u72b6\u6001
\n switch (data.status) {
\n case 'pending':
\n case 'processing':
\n \/\/ \u4ecd\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e2d，\u62a5\u544a\u8fdb\u5ea6
\n task.callbacks.onProgress({
\n taskId,
\n progress: data.progress || 0,
\n message: data.message || '',
\n estimatedCompletion: data.estimated_completion
\n });<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6839\u636e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5efa\u8bae\u8c03\u6574\u8f6e\u8be2\u95f4\u9694
\n if (data.suggested_poll_interval) {
\n task.delay = data.suggested_poll_interval * 1000;
\n } else {
\n \/\/ \u6307\u6570\u9000\u907f
\n task.delay = Math.min(
\n task.delay * this.options.backoffFactor,
\n this.options.maxDelay
\n );
\n }<\/p>\n
this._schedulePoll(taskId);
\n break;<\/p>\n
case 'completed':
\n task.status = 'completed';
\n task.callbacks.onSuccess({
\n taskId,
\n result: data.result,
\n data: data
\n });
\n this._cleanupTask(taskId);
\n break;<\/p>\n
case 'failed':
\n task.status = 'failed';
\n task.callbacks.onFailure({
\n taskId,
\n error: data.error,
\n errorCode: data.error_code,
\n data: data
\n });
\n this._cleanupTask(taskId);
\n break;<\/p>\n
case 'cancelled':
\n task.status = 'cancelled';
\n task.callbacks.onCancelled({
\n taskId,
\n data: data
\n });
\n this._cleanupTask(taskId);
\n break;<\/p>\n
default:
\n console.warn(`Unknown task status: ${data.status}`);
\n this._schedulePoll(taskId);
\n }<\/p>\n
} catch (error) {
\n console.error(`Polling task ${taskId} failed:`, error);<\/p>\n
task.callbacks.onError(error);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u51fa\u9519\u65f6\u589e\u52a0\u5ef6\u8fdf
\n task.delay = Math.min(
\n task.delay * this.options.backoffFactor * 2,
\n this.options.maxDelay * 2
\n );<\/p>\n
this._schedulePoll(taskId);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
_cleanupTask(taskId) {
\n \/\/ \u6e05\u9664\u8d85\u65f6
\n const timeoutId = this.timeouts.get(taskId);
\n if (timeoutId) {
\n clearTimeout(timeoutId);
\n this.timeouts.delete(taskId);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6e05\u7406\u8bb0\u5f55
\n this.tasks.delete(taskId);
\n this.attempts.delete(taskId);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/**
\n * \u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406202\u54cd\u5e94
\n * @param {Response} response – Fetch API\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61
\n * @param {Object} callbacks – \u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570
\n *\/
\n static async handle202Response(response, callbacks = {}) {
\n if (response.status !== 202) {
\n throw new Error(`Expected 202 status, got ${response.status}`);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u89e3\u6790\u54cd\u5e94
\n const data = await response.json();
\n const taskId = data.task?.id;<\/p>\n
if (!taskId) {
\n throw new Error('No task ID in 202 response');
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u72b6\u6001URL
\n let statusUrl = response.headers.get('Location');
\n if (!statusUrl && data.task?.links?.status) {
\n statusUrl = data.task.links.status;
\n }<\/p>\n
if (!statusUrl) {
\n throw new Error('No status URL in 202 response');
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u8f6e\u8be2\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u5b9e\u4f8b（\u5355\u4f8b\u6a21\u5f0f）
\n if (!window.taskPollingManager) {
\n window.taskPollingManager = new TaskPollingManager();
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5f00\u59cb\u8f6e\u8be2
\n return window.taskPollingManager.startPolling(
\n taskId,
\n statusUrl,
\n callbacks
\n );
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b
\nclass AsyncTaskHandler {
\n constructor() {
\n this.pollingManager = new TaskPollingManager({
\n initialDelay: 2000,
\n maxDelay: 30000,
\n backoffFactor: 1.5
\n });<\/p>\n
this.setupUI();
\n }<\/p>\n
setupUI() {
\n \/\/ \u521b\u5efaUI\u5143\u7d20
\n const container = document.getElementById('task-container');
\n if (!container) return;<\/p>\n
container.innerHTML = `
\n <div class="task-controls">
\n <button id="start-video-process" class="btn btn-primary">
\n Process Video
\n <\/button>
\n <div id="task-progress" style="display: none;">
\n <div class="progress">
\n <div class="progress-bar" role="progressbar" style="width: 0%"><\/div>
\n <\/div>
\n <div class="task-status"><\/div>
\n <button id="cancel-task" class="btn btn-sm btn-warning">Cancel<\/button>
\n <\/div>
\n <div id="task-result" style="display: none;"><\/div>
\n <\/div>
\n `;<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6
\n document.getElementById('start-video-process').addEventListener('click', () => {
\n this.startVideoProcessing();
\n });
\n }<\/p>\n
async startVideoProcessing() {
\n const videoFile = document.getElementById('video-file')?.files[0];
\n if (!videoFile) {
\n alert('Please select a video file');
\n return;
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u5ea6UI
\n document.getElementById('task-progress').style.display = 'block';
\n document.getElementById('task-result').style.display = 'none';<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u51c6\u5907\u8868\u5355\u6570\u636e
\n const formData = new FormData();
\n formData.append('video', videoFile);
\n formData.append('quality', 'high');
\n formData.append('format', 'mp4');<\/p>\n
try {
\n const response = await fetch('\/api\/tasks', {
\n method: 'POST',
\n body: formData
\n });<\/p>\n
if (response.status === 202) {
\n \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u8f6e\u8be2\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u5904\u7406202\u54cd\u5e94
\n const pollingControl = await TaskPollingManager.handle202Response(
\n response,
\n {
\n onProgress: (progress) => {
\n this.updateProgress(progress);
\n },
\n onSuccess: (result) => {
\n this.handleSuccess(result);
\n },
\n onFailure: (error) => {
\n this.handleFailure(error);
\n },
\n onCancelled: () => {
\n this.handleCancelled();
\n },
\n onError: (error) => {
\n console.error('Task error:', error);
\n this.showError('Task processing failed');
\n }
\n }
\n );<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5b58\u50a8\u63a7\u5236\u5f15\u7528\u4ee5\u4fbf\u53d6\u6d88
\n this.currentTaskControl = pollingControl;<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u7ed1\u5b9a\u53d6\u6d88\u6309\u94ae
\n document.getElementById('cancel-task').onclick = () => {
\n if (this.currentTaskControl) {
\n this.currentTaskControl.cancel();
\n this.cancelTask(pollingControl.taskId);
\n }
\n };<\/p>\n
} else {
\n const errorData = await response.json();
\n this.showError(`Failed to create task: ${errorData.error}`);
\n }<\/p>\n
} catch (error) {
\n console.error('Request failed:', error);
\n this.showError('Network error');
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
updateProgress(progress) {
\n const progressBar = document.querySelector('.progress-bar');
\n const statusDiv = document.querySelector('.task-status');<\/p>\n
if (progressBar) {
\n progressBar.style.width = `${progress.progress}%`;
\n progressBar.textContent = `${Math.round(progress.progress)}%`;
\n }<\/p>\n
if (statusDiv) {
\n statusDiv.textContent = progress.message || `Processing… ${progress.progress}%`;<\/p>\n
if (progress.estimatedCompletion) {
\n const eta = new Date(progress.estimatedCompletion).toLocaleTimeString();
\n statusDiv.textContent += ` (Estimated completion: ${eta})`;
\n }
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
handleSuccess(result) {
\n document.getElementById('task-progress').style.display = 'none';
\n document.getElementById('task-result').style.display = 'block';<\/p>\n
const resultDiv = document.getElementById('task-result');
\n resultDiv.innerHTML = `
\n <div class="alert alert-success">
\n <h4>Task Completed Successfully!<\/h4>
\n <p>Video processing completed.<\/p>
\n ${result.result?.download_url ?
\n `<a href="${result.result.download_url}" class="btn btn-success" download>
\n Download Video
\n <\/a>` : ''}
\n <\/div>
\n `;<\/p>\n
this.currentTaskControl = null;
\n }<\/p>\n
handleFailure(error) {
\n document.getElementById('task-progress').style.display = 'none';<\/p>\n
const resultDiv = document.getElementById('task-result');
\n resultDiv.style.display = 'block';
\n resultDiv.innerHTML = `
\n <div class="alert alert-danger">
\n <h4>Task Failed<\/h4>
\n <p>${error.error || 'Unknown error'}<\/p>
\n ${error.errorCode ? `<small>Error code: ${error.errorCode}<\/small>` : ''}
\n <\/div>
\n `;<\/p>\n
this.currentTaskControl = null;
\n }<\/p>\n
handleCancelled() {
\n document.getElementById('task-progress').style.display = 'none';<\/p>\n
const resultDiv = document.getElementById('task-result');
\n resultDiv.style.display = 'block';
\n resultDiv.innerHTML = `
\n <div class="alert alert-warning">
\n <h4>Task Cancelled<\/h4>
\n <p>The task was cancelled successfully.<\/p>
\n <\/div>
\n `;<\/p>\n
this.currentTaskControl = null;
\n }<\/p>\n
async cancelTask(taskId) {
\n try {
\n const response = await fetch(`\/api\/tasks\/${taskId}\/cancel`, {
\n method: 'POST'
\n });<\/p>\n
if (!response.ok) {
\n console.error('Failed to cancel task');
\n }
\n } catch (error) {
\n console.error('Cancel request failed:', error);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
showError(message) {
\n const resultDiv = document.getElementById('task-result');
\n if (resultDiv) {
\n resultDiv.style.display = 'block';
\n resultDiv.innerHTML = `
\n <div class="alert alert-danger">
\n ${message}
\n <\/div>
\n `;
\n } else {
\n alert(message);
\n }
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316
\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
\n window.asyncTaskHandler = new AsyncTaskHandler();
\n});<\/p>\n
WebSocket\u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0<\/h4>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ WebSocket\u4efb\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0
\nclass TaskWebSocketManager {
\n constructor(options = {}) {
\n this.options = {
\n wsEndpoint: '\/ws\/tasks',
\n reconnectInterval: 5000,
\n maxReconnectAttempts: 10,
\n heartbeatInterval: 30000,
\n …options
\n };<\/p>\n
this.ws = null;
\n this.reconnectAttempts = 0;
\n this.subscriptions = new Map(); \/\/ taskId -> callback
\n this.messageQueue = [];
\n this.isConnected = false;<\/p>\n
this.connect();
\n }<\/p>\n
connect() {
\n try {
\n const protocol = window.location.protocol === 'https:' ? 'wss:' : 'ws:';
\n const wsUrl = `${protocol}\/\/${window.location.host}${this.options.wsEndpoint}`;<\/p>\n
this.ws = new WebSocket(wsUrl);<\/p>\n
this.ws.onopen = () => {
\n console.log('WebSocket connected');
\n this.isConnected = true;
\n this.reconnectAttempts = 0;<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u53d1\u9001\u5fc3\u8df3
\n this.startHeartbeat();<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u91cd\u65b0\u8ba2\u9605\u6240\u6709\u4efb\u52a1
\n this.resubscribeAll();<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u53d1\u9001\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u6d88\u606f
\n this.flushMessageQueue();
\n };<\/p>\n
this.ws.onmessage = (event) => {
\n this.handleMessage(event);
\n };<\/p>\n
this.ws.onclose = (event) => {
\n console.log('WebSocket disconnected:', event.code, event.reason);
\n this.isConnected = false;
\n this.stopHeartbeat();
\n this.handleDisconnection();
\n };<\/p>\n
this.ws.onerror = (error) => {
\n console.error('WebSocket error:', error);
\n };<\/p>\n
} catch (error) {
\n console.error('WebSocket connection failed:', error);
\n this.scheduleReconnect();
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
subscribe(taskId, callback) {
\n \/\/ \u5b58\u50a8\u8ba2\u9605
\n this.subscriptions.set(taskId, callback);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5982\u679c\u5df2\u8fde\u63a5，\u53d1\u9001\u8ba2\u9605\u6d88\u606f
\n if (this.isConnected) {
\n this.send({
\n type: 'subscribe',
\n task_id: taskId
\n });
\n } else {
\n \/\/ \u5426\u5219\u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5217
\n this.messageQueue.push({
\n type: 'subscribe',
\n task_id: taskId
\n });
\n }<\/p>\n
return () => this.unsubscribe(taskId);
\n }<\/p>\n
unsubscribe(taskId) {
\n this.subscriptions.delete(taskId);<\/p>\n
if (this.isConnected) {
\n this.send({
\n type: 'unsubscribe',
\n task_id: taskId
\n });
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
resubscribeAll() {
\n for (const [taskId] of this.subscriptions) {
\n this.send({
\n type: 'subscribe',
\n task_id: taskId
\n });
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
send(message) {
\n if (this.isConnected && this.ws.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
\n this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(message));
\n } else {
\n this.messageQueue.push(message);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
flushMessageQueue() {
\n while (this.messageQueue.length > 0 && this.isConnected) {
\n const message = this.messageQueue.shift();
\n this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(message));
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
handleMessage(event) {
\n try {
\n const data = JSON.parse(event.data);<\/p>\n
switch (data.type) {
\n case 'task_update':
\n this.handleTaskUpdate(data);
\n break;<\/p>\n
case 'task_completed':
\n this.handleTaskCompleted(data);
\n break;<\/p>\n
case 'task_failed':
\n this.handleTaskFailed(data);
\n break;<\/p>\n
case 'heartbeat':
\n \/\/ \u5fc3\u8df3\u54cd\u5e94，\u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u540e\u6d3b\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4
\n this.lastHeartbeat = Date.now();
\n break;<\/p>\n
case 'error':
\n console.error('WebSocket error:', data.message);
\n break;<\/p>\n
default:
\n console.warn('Unknown message type:', data.type);
\n }<\/p>\n
} catch (error) {
\n console.error('Failed to parse WebSocket message:', error);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
handleTaskUpdate(data) {
\n const { task_id, progress, status, message } = data;
\n const callback = this.subscriptions.get(task_id);<\/p>\n
if (callback) {
\n callback({
\n type: 'update',
\n taskId: task_id,
\n progress,
\n status,
\n message,
\n timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
\n });
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
handleTaskCompleted(data) {
\n const { task_id, result } = data;
\n const callback = this.subscriptions.get(task_id);<\/p>\n
if (callback) {
\n callback({
\n type: 'completed',
\n taskId: task_id,
\n result,
\n timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
\n });<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u53d6\u6d88\u8ba2\u9605
\n this.unsubscribe(task_id);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
handleTaskFailed(data) {
\n const { task_id, error, error_code } = data;
\n const callback = this.subscriptions.get(task_id);<\/p>\n
if (callback) {
\n callback({
\n type: 'failed',
\n taskId: task_id,
\n error,
\n errorCode: error_code,
\n timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
\n });<\/p>\n
this.unsubscribe(task_id);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
startHeartbeat() {
\n this.heartbeatInterval = setInterval(() => {
\n if (this.isConnected) {
\n this.send({ type: 'heartbeat' });
\n }
\n }, this.options.heartbeatInterval);
\n }<\/p>\n
stopHeartbeat() {
\n if (this.heartbeatInterval) {
\n clearInterval(this.heartbeatInterval);
\n this.heartbeatInterval = null;
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
handleDisconnection() {
\n \/\/ \u901a\u77e5\u6240\u6709\u8ba2\u9605\u8005\u8fde\u63a5\u65ad\u5f00
\n for (const [taskId, callback] of this.subscriptions) {
\n callback({
\n type: 'disconnected',
\n taskId,
\n message: 'Connection lost',
\n timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
\n });
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cd\u8fde
\n this.scheduleReconnect();
\n }<\/p>\n
scheduleReconnect() {
\n if (this.reconnectAttempts >= this.options.maxReconnectAttempts) {
\n console.error('Max reconnection attempts reached');
\n return;
\n }<\/p>\n
this.reconnectAttempts++;<\/p>\n
const delay = this.options.reconnectInterval * Math.pow(1.5, this.reconnectAttempts – 1);<\/p>\n
console.log(`Scheduling reconnect in ${delay}ms (attempt ${this.reconnectAttempts})`);<\/p>\n
setTimeout(() => {
\n this.connect();
\n }, delay);
\n }<\/p>\n
disconnect() {
\n this.stopHeartbeat();<\/p>\n
if (this.ws) {
\n this.ws.close(1000, 'Client disconnected');
\n this.ws = null;
\n }<\/p>\n
this.isConnected = false;
\n this.subscriptions.clear();
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528WebSocket\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u5668
\nclass WebSocketTaskHandler {
\n constructor() {
\n this.wsManager = new TaskWebSocketManager();
\n this.setupUI();
\n }<\/p>\n
async createTask(taskType, inputData) {
\n const response = await fetch('\/api\/tasks', {
\n method: 'POST',
\n headers: {
\n 'Content-Type': 'application\/json'
\n },
\n body: JSON.stringify({
\n type: taskType,
\n input: inputData
\n })
\n });<\/p>\n
if (response.status === 202) {
\n const data = await response.json();
\n const taskId = data.task.id;<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8ba2\u9605WebSocket\u66f4\u65b0
\n const unsubscribe = this.wsManager.subscribe(taskId, (update) => {
\n this.handleTaskUpdate(update);
\n });<\/p>\n
return {
\n taskId,
\n unsubscribe,
\n data
\n };
\n } else {
\n throw new Error(`Failed to create task: ${response.status}`);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
handleTaskUpdate(update) {
\n switch (update.type) {
\n case 'update':
\n this.updateProgressUI(update);
\n break;<\/p>\n
case 'completed':
\n this.showCompletion(update);
\n break;<\/p>\n
case 'failed':
\n this.showFailure(update);
\n break;<\/p>\n
case 'disconnected':
\n this.showDisconnected(update);
\n break;
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
updateProgressUI(update) {
\n const progressElement = document.getElementById('task-progress');
\n if (progressElement) {
\n progressElement.innerHTML = `
\n <div class="progress">
\n <div class="progress-bar"
\n style="width: ${update.progress}%"
\n role="progressbar">
\n ${update.progress}%
\n <\/div>
\n <\/div>
\n <div class="task-message">${update.message}<\/div>
\n <div class="task-timestamp">${new Date(update.timestamp).toLocaleTimeString()}<\/div>
\n `;
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
showCompletion(update) {
\n const container = document.getElementById('task-container');
\n if (container) {
\n container.innerHTML = `
\n <div class="alert alert-success">
\n <h4>Task Completed!<\/h4>
\n <p>Task ${update.taskId} completed successfully.<\/p>
\n <pre>${JSON.stringify(update.result, null, 2)}<\/pre>
\n <\/div>
\n `;
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
showFailure(update) {
\n const container = document.getElementById('task-container');
\n if (container) {
\n container.innerHTML = `
\n <div class="alert alert-danger">
\n <h4>Task Failed<\/h4>
\n <p>Task ${update.taskId} failed: ${update.error}<\/p>
\n ${update.errorCode ? `<small>Error code: ${update.errorCode}<\/small>` : ''}
\n <\/div>
\n `;
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
showDisconnected(update) {
\n const progressElement = document.getElementById('task-progress');
\n if (progressElement) {
\n progressElement.innerHTML += `
\n <div class="alert alert-warning">
\n <strong>Connection lost<\/strong>
\n <p>Real-time updates unavailable. Falling back to polling.<\/p>
\n <\/div>
\n `;<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u56de\u9000\u5230\u8f6e\u8be2
\n this.fallbackToPolling(update.taskId);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
fallbackToPolling(taskId) {
\n \/\/ \u5b9e\u73b0\u8f6e\u8be2\u56de\u9000\u903b\u8f91
\n console.log(`Falling back to polling for task ${taskId}`);
\n }<\/p>\n
setupUI() {
\n \/\/ UI\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7801…
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
6.5 \u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u76d1\u63a7<\/h3>\n\u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u544a\u8b66\u914d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n
yaml<\/p>\n
# Prometheus\u76d1\u63a7\u914d\u7f6e
\nscrape_configs:
\n – job_name: 'async_tasks'
\n static_configs:
\n – targets: ['localhost:9091']
\n metrics_path: '\/metrics\/tasks'<\/p>\n
# Grafana\u4eea\u8868\u677f\u914d\u7f6e
\ndashboard:
\n panels:
\n – title: "\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u6982\u89c8"
\n type: "stat"
\n targets:
\n – expr: "sum(async_tasks_total)"
\n legend: "\u603b\u4efb\u52a1\u6570"
\n – expr: "sum(async_tasks_pending)"
\n legend: "\u7b49\u5f85\u4e2d"
\n – expr: "sum(async_ta<\/p>\n
\u7b2c7\u7ae0：204 No Content – \u65e0\u5185\u5bb9\u6210\u529f<\/h2>\n7.1 204 No Content\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\nRFC\u6807\u51c6\u5b9a\u4e49\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790<\/h4>\n
RFC\u6807\u51c6\u5b9a\u4e49\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790<\/h4>\n
\u6839\u636eRFC 7231\u7b2c6.3.5\u8282，204 No Content\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n
"204 (No Content)\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42，\u5e76\u4e14\u54cd\u5e94\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u989d\u5916\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u6307\u7684\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3a\u8bf7\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8868\u793a，\u8be5\u8868\u793a\u73b0\u5728\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u76ee\u6807\u8d44\u6e90\u3002"<\/p>\n
\u6838\u5fc3\u8bed\u4e49\u7279\u5f81<\/h5>\n
\u65e0\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53：\u54cd\u5e94\u6d88\u606f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u8868\u793a\u4f53<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u6210\u529f\u5b8c\u6210：\u8bf7\u6c42\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u53ef\u9009\u5934\u90e8：\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\u5934\u90e8<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u7f13\u5b58\u5f71\u54cd：\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u77e9\u9635<\/h4>\n
python<\/p>\n
# 204 No Content\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u5206\u6790\u5668
\nclass NoContentUseCaseAnalyzer:
\n """\u5206\u6790204\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f"""<\/p>\n
SCENARIOS = {
\n "successful_deletion": {
\n "description": "\u6210\u529f\u5220\u9664\u8d44\u6e90",
\n "examples": [
\n "\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237",
\n "\u5220\u9664\u6587\u7ae0",
\n "\u6e05\u9664\u7f13\u5b58\u9879",
\n "\u79fb\u9664\u6743\u9650"
\n ],
\n "headers": {
\n "required": [],
\n "recommended": ["X-Deleted-Resource", "ETag"],
\n "optional": ["Last-Modified", "Cache-Control"]
\n },
\n "response_body": "\u7981\u6b62\u5305\u542b\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53"
\n },
\n "successful_update": {
\n "description": "\u6210\u529f\u66f4\u65b0\u4f46\u65e0\u9700\u8fd4\u56de\u8d44\u6e90",
\n "examples": [
\n "\u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u540e\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4",
\n "\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5df2\u8bfb",
\n "\u589e\u52a0\u8ba1\u6570\u5668",
\n "\u5207\u6362\u72b6\u6001"
\n ],
\n "headers": {
\n "required": [],
\n "recommended": ["ETag", "Last-Modified"],
\n "optional": ["Location", "Cache-Control"]
\n },
\n "response_body": "\u7981\u6b62\u5305\u542b\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53"
\n },
\n "batch_operation": {
\n "description": "\u6279\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210",
\n "examples": [
\n "\u6279\u91cf\u5220\u9664\u6d88\u606f",
\n "\u6279\u91cf\u6279\u51c6\u8bf7\u6c42",
\n "\u6279\u91cf\u6807\u8bb0\u5b8c\u6210",
\n "\u6279\u91cf\u53d6\u6d88\u8ba2\u9605"
\n ],
\n "headers": {
\n "required": [],
\n "recommended": ["X-Operations-Count"],
\n "optional": ["X-Successful-Operations", "X-Failed-Operations"]
\n },
\n "response_body": "\u7981\u6b62\u5305\u542b\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53，\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5934\u90e8\u5305\u542b\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f"
\n },
\n "noop_operation": {
\n "description": "\u65e0\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f46\u6210\u529f",
\n "examples": [
\n "\u53d6\u6d88\u8ba2\u9605\u5df2\u53d6\u6d88\u7684\u8ba2\u9605",
\n "\u5220\u9664\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8d44\u6e90（\u82e5\u7ea6\u5b9a\u5982\u6b64）",
\n "\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u503c",
\n "\u7a7a\u64cd\u4f5c"
\n ],
\n "headers": {
\n "required": [],
\n "recommended": [],
\n "optional": ["X-No-Op"]
\n },
\n "response_body": "\u7981\u6b62\u5305\u542b\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53"
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
def is_appropriate(self, request_method, operation_type, needs_response_data):
\n """
\n \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528204 No Content<\/p>\n
Args:
\n request_method: HTTP\u65b9\u6cd5
\n operation_type: \u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u578b
\n needs_response_data: \u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
Returns:
\n \u662f\u5426\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528204
\n """<\/p>\n
# \u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e，\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528204
\n if needs_response_data:
\n return False<\/p>\n
# \u65b9\u6cd5\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219
\n method_rules = {
\n 'DELETE': lambda: operation_type in ['deletion', 'removal'],
\n 'PUT': lambda: operation_type in ['update', 'replace'] and not needs_response_data,
\n 'PATCH': lambda: operation_type in ['partial_update'] and not needs_response_data,
\n 'POST': lambda: operation_type in ['state_change', 'action'] and not needs_response_data
\n }<\/p>\n
rule = method_rules.get(request_method)
\n if not rule:
\n return False<\/p>\n
return rule()<\/p>\n
7.2 \u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u90e8\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h3>\n\u5fc5\u9700\u4e0e\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u5934\u90e8<\/h4>\n
http<\/p>\n
# \u5b8c\u6574\u7684204 No Content\u54cd\u5e94\u793a\u4f8b
\nHTTP\/1.1 204 No Content
\nDate: Mon, 23 Jan 2023 10:30:45 GMT
\nServer: Apache\/2.4.41
\nETag: "abc123def456"
\nLast-Modified: Mon, 23 Jan 2023 10:30:45 GMT
\nCache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate
\nPragma: no-cache
\nExpires: 0
\nX-Request-ID: req_1234567890abcdef
\nX-RateLimit-Remaining: 999
\nX-Deleted-Resource: \/api\/users\/123
\nX-Operation-Type: delete<\/p>\n
\u5934\u90e8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219<\/h4>\n
python<\/p>\n
# 204\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u90e8\u751f\u6210\u5668
\nclass NoContentHeadersBuilder:
\n """\u6784\u5efa204 No Content\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u5934\u90e8"""<\/p>\n
def __init__(self, request):
\n self.request = request
\n self.headers = {}<\/p>\n
# \u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5934\u90e8
\n self._set_default_headers()<\/p>\n
def _set_default_headers(self):
\n """\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5934\u90e8"""
\n self.headers.update({
\n 'Date': self._format_date(),
\n 'Server': 'CustomAPI\/1.0',
\n 'X-Request-ID': self.request.headers.get('X-Request-ID', ''),
\n 'X-Content-Type-Options': 'nosniff',
\n 'X-Frame-Options': 'DENY'
\n })<\/p>\n
def add_resource_metadata(self, resource_type, resource_id, action):
\n """\u6dfb\u52a0\u8d44\u6e90\u5143\u6570\u636e\u5934\u90e8"""
\n if resource_id:
\n self.headers[f'X-{resource_type.capitalize()}-ID'] = str(resource_id)
\n self.headers[f'X-{action.capitalize()}-Resource'] = \\\\
\n f'\/api\/{resource_type}\/{resource_id}'
\n return self<\/p>\n
def add_cache_headers(self, cache_directive='no-cache'):
\n """\u6dfb\u52a0\u7f13\u5b58\u63a7\u5236\u5934\u90e8"""
\n self.headers['Cache-Control'] = cache_directive
\n self.headers['Pragma'] = 'no-cache'
\n self.headers['Expires'] = '0'
\n return self<\/p>\n
def add_etag(self, etag_value):
\n """\u6dfb\u52a0ETag\u5934\u90e8"""
\n if etag_value:
\n self.headers['ETag'] = f'"{etag_value}"'
\n return self<\/p>\n
def add_last_modified(self, timestamp):
\n """\u6dfb\u52a0Last-Modified\u5934\u90e8"""
\n if timestamp:
\n self.headers['Last-Modified'] = self._format_date(timestamp)
\n return self<\/p>\n
def add_rate_limit_headers(self, remaining, limit=1000, reset=None):
\n """\u6dfb\u52a0\u901f\u7387\u9650\u5236\u5934\u90e8"""
\n self.headers['X-RateLimit-Limit'] = str(limit)
\n self.headers['X-RateLimit-Remaining'] = str(remaining)<\/p>\n
if reset:
\n self.headers['X-RateLimit-Reset'] = str(reset)<\/p>\n
return self<\/p>\n
def add_custom_header(self, name, value):
\n """\u6dfb\u52a0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5934\u90e8"""
\n self.headers[name] = value
\n return self<\/p>\n
def build(self):
\n """\u6784\u5efa\u5934\u90e8\u5b57\u5178"""
\n return self.headers<\/p>\n
def _format_date(self, dt=None):
\n """\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u65e5\u671f\u4e3aHTTP\u65e5\u671f\u683c\u5f0f"""
\n from datetime import datetime
\n import email.utils<\/p>\n
if dt is None:
\n dt = datetime.utcnow()
\n elif isinstance(dt, str):
\n dt = datetime.fromisoformat(dt.replace('Z', '+00:00'))<\/p>\n
return email.utils.format_datetime(dt, usegmt=True)<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b
\nfrom flask import request<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/api\/users\/<int:user_id>', methods=['DELETE'])
\ndef delete_user(user_id):
\n """\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7aef\u70b9"""<\/p>\n
# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u6743\u9650
\n user = User.query.get(user_id)
\n if not user:
\n return jsonify({'error': 'User not found'}), 404<\/p>\n
# \u68c0\u67e5\u6743\u9650
\n if not current_user.can_delete(user):
\n return jsonify({'error': 'Permission denied'}), 403<\/p>\n
# \u6267\u884c\u5220\u9664
\n db.session.delete(user)
\n db.session.commit()<\/p>\n
# \u6784\u5efa204\u54cd\u5e94
\n headers_builder = NoContentHeadersBuilder(request)<\/p>\n
response_headers = (headers_builder
\n .add_resource_metadata('user', user_id, 'deleted')
\n .add_etag(user.generate_etag())
\n .add_last_modified(datetime.utcnow())
\n .add_cache_headers('no-store, must-revalidate')
\n .add_rate_limit_headers(remaining=999)
\n .add_custom_header('X-User-Email', user.email) # \u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u5ba1\u8ba1
\n .build())<\/p>\n
# \u8fd4\u56de204 No Content
\n return '', 204, response_headers<\/p>\n
7.3 \u5b9e\u73b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n\u5b8c\u6574\u5b9e\u73b0\u793a\u4f8b<\/h4>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u5b8c\u6574\u7684204 No Content\u5b9e\u73b0\u6a21\u5f0f
\nfrom flask import Flask, request, jsonify, Response
\nfrom flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
\nfrom datetime import datetime
\nimport hashlib<\/p>\n
app = Flask(__name__)
\napp.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:\/\/\/app.db'
\ndb = SQLAlchemy(app)<\/p>\n
# \u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b
\nclass Article(db.Model):
\n id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
\n title = db.Column(db.String(200), nullable=False)
\n content = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)
\n author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=False)
\n is_published = db.Column(db.Boolean, default=False)
\n created_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow)
\n updated_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow,
\n onupdate=datetime.utcnow)<\/p>\n
def generate_etag(self):
\n """\u751f\u6210ETag"""
\n content = f"{self.id}{self.updated_at.isoformat()}{self.is_published}"
\n return hashlib.md5(content.encode()).hexdigest()<\/p>\n
class Notification(db.Model):
\n id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
\n user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=False)
\n message = db.Column(db.String(500), nullable=False)
\n is_read = db.Column(db.Boolean, default=False)
\n created_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow)
\n read_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, nullable=True)<\/p>\n
# \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570
\ndef build_204_response(**kwargs):
\n """
\n \u6784\u5efa204 No Content\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n
Args:
\n **kwargs: \u5934\u90e8\u53c2\u6570
\n – etag: ETag\u503c
\n – last_modified: \u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4
\n – resource_type: \u8d44\u6e90\u7c7b\u578b
\n – resource_id: \u8d44\u6e90ID
\n – action: \u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c
\n – cache_control: \u7f13\u5b58\u63a7\u5236\u6307\u4ee4
\n – rate_limit_remaining: \u901f\u7387\u9650\u5236\u5269\u4f59
\n """<\/p>\n
headers = {
\n 'Date': datetime.utcnow().strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT'),
\n 'Server': 'ArticleAPI\/1.0'
\n }<\/p>\n
# \u6dfb\u52a0ETag
\n if kwargs.get('etag'):
\n headers['ETag'] = f'"{kwargs["etag"]}"'<\/p>\n
# \u6dfb\u52a0Last-Modified
\n if kwargs.get('last_modified'):
\n if isinstance(kwargs['last_modified'], datetime):
\n headers['Last-Modified'] = kwargs['last_modified'].strftime(
\n '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT'
\n )
\n else:
\n headers['Last-Modified'] = kwargs['last_modified']<\/p>\n
# \u6dfb\u52a0\u8d44\u6e90\u4fe1\u606f
\n if kwargs.get('resource_type') and kwargs.get('resource_id'):
\n resource_type = kwargs['resource_type'].capitalize()
\n action = kwargs.get('action', 'updated').capitalize()<\/p>\n
headers[f'X-{resource_type}-ID'] = str(kwargs['resource_id'])
\n headers[f'X-{action}-Resource'] = \\\\
\n f'\/api\/{kwargs["resource_type"]}\/{kwargs["resource_id"]}'<\/p>\n
# \u6dfb\u52a0\u7f13\u5b58\u63a7\u5236
\n if kwargs.get('cache_control'):
\n headers['Cache-Control'] = kwargs['cache_control']
\n else:
\n headers['Cache-Control'] = 'no-cache, must-revalidate'<\/p>\n
# \u6dfb\u52a0\u901f\u7387\u9650\u5236
\n if kwargs.get('rate_limit_remaining'):
\n headers['X-RateLimit-Remaining'] = str(kwargs['rate_limit_remaining'])<\/p>\n
# \u6dfb\u52a0\u8bf7\u6c42ID
\n request_id = request.headers.get('X-Request-ID')
\n if request_id:
\n headers['X-Request-ID'] = request_id<\/p>\n
# \u5b89\u5168\u5934\u90e8
\n headers.update({
\n 'X-Content-Type-Options': 'nosniff',
\n 'X-Frame-Options': 'DENY',
\n 'X-XSS-Protection': '1; mode=block'
\n })<\/p>\n
return Response(status=204, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
# API\u7aef\u70b9
\n@app.route('\/api\/articles\/<int:article_id>', methods=['DELETE'])
\ndef delete_article(article_id):
\n """\u5220\u9664\u6587\u7ae0"""<\/p>\n
# \u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u7ae0
\n article = Article.query.get(article_id)
\n if not article:
\n return jsonify({'error': 'Article not found'}), 404<\/p>\n
# \u68c0\u67e5\u6743\u9650
\n current_user = get_current_user() # \u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u51fd\u6570
\n if not current_user or current_user.id != article.author_id:
\n return jsonify({'error': 'Permission denied'}), 403<\/p>\n
# \u8bb0\u5f55\u5220\u9664\u524d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f（\u7528\u4e8e\u5ba1\u8ba1）
\n deleted_info = {
\n 'id': article.id,
\n 'title': article.title,
\n 'author_id': article.author_id,
\n 'deleted_at': datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
\n 'deleted_by': current_user.id
\n }<\/p>\n
# \u6267\u884c\u5220\u9664
\n db.session.delete(article)
\n db.session.commit()<\/p>\n
# \u8bb0\u5f55\u5ba1\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7
\n log_audit_event('article_deleted', deleted_info)<\/p>\n
# \u8fd4\u56de204\u54cd\u5e94
\n return build_204_response(
\n etag=article.generate_etag(),
\n last_modified=datetime.utcnow(),
\n resource_type='article',
\n resource_id=article_id,
\n action='deleted',
\n cache_control='no-store, must-revalidate',
\n rate_limit_remaining=999
\n )<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/api\/articles\/<int:article_id>\/publish', methods=['PUT'])
\ndef publish_article(article_id):
\n """\u53d1\u5e03\u6587\u7ae0（\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001）"""<\/p>\n
# \u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u7ae0
\n article = Article.query.get(article_id)
\n if not article:
\n return jsonify({'error': 'Article not found'}), 404<\/p>\n
# \u68c0\u67e5\u6743\u9650
\n current_user = get_current_user()
\n if not current_user or current_user.id != article.author_id:
\n return jsonify({'error': 'Permission denied'}), 403<\/p>\n
# \u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u5e03，\u8fd4\u56de204（\u5e42\u7b49）
\n if article.is_published:
\n return build_204_response(
\n etag=article.generate_etag(),
\n last_modified=article.updated_at,
\n resource_type='article',
\n resource_id=article_id,
\n action='already_published',
\n cache_control='no-cache'
\n )<\/p>\n
# \u66f4\u65b0\u6587\u7ae0\u72b6\u6001
\n article.is_published = True
\n article.updated_at = datetime.utcnow()<\/p>\n
db.session.commit()<\/p>\n
# \u89e6\u53d1\u540e\u7eed\u64cd\u4f5c（\u4f8b\u5982\u53d1\u9001\u901a\u77e5）
\n send_article_published_notification(article)<\/p>\n
# \u8fd4\u56de204\u54cd\u5e94
\n return build_204_response(
\n etag=article.generate_etag(),
\n last_modified=article.updated_at,
\n resource_type='article',
\n resource_id=article_id,
\n action='published',
\n cache_control='no-cache, must-revalidate'
\n )<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/api\/notifications\/<int:notification_id>\/read', methods=['PUT'])
\ndef mark_notification_read(notification_id):
\n """\u6807\u8bb0\u901a\u77e5\u4e3a\u5df2\u8bfb"""<\/p>\n
# \u83b7\u53d6\u901a\u77e5
\n notification = Notification.query.get(notification_id)
\n if not notification:
\n return jsonify({'error': 'Notification not found'}), 404<\/p>\n
# \u68c0\u67e5\u6743\u9650
\n current_user = get_current_user()
\n if not current_user or current_user.id != notification.user_id:
\n return jsonify({'error': 'Permission denied'}), 403<\/p>\n
# \u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5df2\u8bfb，\u8fd4\u56de204（\u5e42\u7b49）
\n if notification.is_read:
\n return build_204_response(
\n resource_type='notification',
\n resource_id=notification_id,
\n action='already_read',
\n cache_control='no-cache'
\n )<\/p>\n
# \u66f4\u65b0\u901a\u77e5\u72b6\u6001
\n notification.is_read = True
\n notification.read_at = datetime.utcnow()<\/p>\n
db.session.commit()<\/p>\n
# \u8fd4\u56de204\u54cd\u5e94
\n return build_204_response(
\n resource_type='notification',
\n resource_id=notification_id,
\n action='marked_read',
\n cache_control='no-cache'
\n )<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/api\/users\/<int:user_id>\/preferences', methods=['PATCH'])
\ndef update_user_preferences(user_id):
\n """\u66f4\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u504f\u597d\u8bbe\u7f6e"""<\/p>\n
# \u83b7\u53d6\u7528\u6237
\n user = User.query.get(user_id)
\n if not user:
\n return jsonify({'error': 'User not found'}), 404<\/p>\n
# \u68c0\u67e5\u6743\u9650
\n current_user = get_current_user()
\n if not current_user or current_user.id != user_id:
\n return jsonify({'error': 'Permission denied'}), 403<\/p>\n
# \u89e3\u6790\u8bf7\u6c42
\n data = request.get_json()
\n if not data:
\n return jsonify({'error': 'No data provided'}), 400<\/p>\n
# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u504f\u597d\u8bbe\u7f6e
\n preferences = data.get('preferences', {})<\/p>\n
# \u9a8c\u8bc1\u504f\u597d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u683c\u5f0f
\n if not isinstance(preferences, dict):
\n return jsonify({'error': 'Preferences must be an object'}), 400<\/p>\n
# \u66f4\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u504f\u597d（\u5047\u8bbeUser\u6a21\u578b\u6709preferences\u5b57\u6bb5）
\n user.preferences = {**user.preferences, **preferences}
\n user.updated_at = datetime.utcnow()<\/p>\n
db.session.commit()<\/p>\n
# \u5bf9\u4e8e\u504f\u597d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u66f4\u65b0，\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u8c61
\n # \u8fd4\u56de204\u54cd\u5e94
\n return build_204_response(
\n etag=user.generate_etag(),
\n last_modified=user.updated_at,
\n resource_type='user',
\n resource_id=user_id,
\n action='preferences_updated',
\n cache_control='private, no-cache'
\n )<\/p>\n
# \u6279\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u793a\u4f8b
\n@app.route('\/api\/notifications\/read-all', methods=['POST'])
\ndef mark_all_notifications_read():
\n """\u6807\u8bb0\u6240\u6709\u901a\u77e5\u4e3a\u5df2\u8bfb"""<\/p>\n
current_user = get_current_user()
\n if not current_user:
\n return jsonify({'error': 'Authentication required'}), 401<\/p>\n
# \u83b7\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6240\u6709\u672a\u8bfb\u901a\u77e5
\n unread_notifications = Notification.query.filter_by(
\n user_id=current_user.id,
\n is_read=False
\n ).all()<\/p>\n
if not unread_notifications:
\n # \u6ca1\u6709\u672a\u8bfb\u901a\u77e5，\u8fd4\u56de204（\u5e42\u7b49）
\n return build_204_response(
\n action='no_unread_notifications',
\n cache_control='no-cache'
\n )<\/p>\n
# \u6279\u91cf\u66f4\u65b0
\n update_count = 0
\n now = datetime.utcnow()<\/p>\n
for notification in unread_notifications:
\n notification.is_read = True
\n notification.read_at = now
\n update_count += 1<\/p>\n
db.session.commit()<\/p>\n
# \u8fd4\u56de204，\u4f46\u5728\u5934\u90e8\u5305\u542b\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f
\n response = build_204_response(
\n action='all_notifications_marked_read',
\n cache_control='no-cache'
\n )<\/p>\n
# \u6dfb\u52a0\u6279\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u7edf\u8ba1
\n response.headers['X-Notifications-Marked-Read'] = str(update_count)
\n response.headers['X-Operation-Timestamp'] = now.isoformat()<\/p>\n
return response<\/p>\n
# \u8f85\u52a9\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0
\ndef get_current_user():
\n """\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237（\u793a\u4f8b\u5b9e\u73b0）"""
\n # \u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u4f1a\u4ecesession\u6216token\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6
\n return None<\/p>\n
def log_audit_event(event_type, data):
\n """\u8bb0\u5f55\u5ba1\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7"""
\n audit_log = {
\n 'event': event_type,
\n 'data': data,
\n 'timestamp': datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
\n 'ip_address': request.remote_addr,
\n 'user_agent': request.headers.get('User-Agent')
\n }
\n print(f"[AUDIT] {audit_log}") # \u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u4f1a\u5199\u5165\u65e5\u5fd7\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n
def send_article_published_notification(article):
\n """\u53d1\u9001\u6587\u7ae0\u53d1\u5e03\u901a\u77e5"""
\n # \u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u63a8\u9001\u7b49
\n pass<\/p>\n
7.4 \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5904\u7406204\u54cd\u5e94<\/h3>\n\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668JavaScript\u5904\u7406<\/h4>\n
javascript<\/p>\n
\/\/ 204 No Content\u54cd\u5e94\u5904\u7406\u5668
\nclass NoContentResponseHandler {
\n \/**
\n * \u5904\u7406204 No Content\u54cd\u5e94
\n *\/<\/p>\n
constructor() {
\n this.eventHandlers = new Map();
\n this.setupGlobalHandler();
\n }<\/p>\n
setupGlobalHandler() {
\n \/\/ \u62e6\u622afetch\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ee5\u5904\u7406204\u54cd\u5e94
\n const originalFetch = window.fetch;<\/p>\n
window.fetch = async function(…args) {
\n const response = await originalFetch.apply(this, args);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a204\u54cd\u5e94
\n if (response.status === 204) {
\n \/\/ \u89e6\u53d1\u5168\u5c40204\u5904\u7406\u4e8b\u4ef6
\n const event = new CustomEvent('noContentResponse', {
\n detail: {
\n response,
\n url: response.url,
\n timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
\n }
\n });
\n window.dispatchEvent(event);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5904\u7406\u7279\u6b8a\u5934\u90e8
\n await NoContentResponseHandler.handleSpecialHeaders(response);
\n }<\/p>\n
return response;
\n };
\n }<\/p>\n
static async handleSpecialHeaders(response) {
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5934\u90e8<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u8d44\u6e90
\n const deletedResource = response.headers.get('X-Deleted-Resource');
\n if (deletedResource) {
\n await this.handleResourceDeletion(deletedResource);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709ETag\u66f4\u65b0
\n const etag = response.headers.get('ETag');
\n if (etag) {
\n await this.updateCacheEtag(response.url, etag);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u578b
\n const operationType = response.headers.get('X-Operation-Type');
\n if (operationType) {
\n await this.handleOperationType(operationType, response);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
static async handleResourceDeletion(resourceUrl) {
\n console.log(`Resource deleted: ${resourceUrl}`);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4ece\u672c\u5730\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u8d44\u6e90
\n if ('caches' in window) {
\n try {
\n const cache = await caches.open('api-cache');
\n await cache.delete(resourceUrl);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4e5f\u5220\u9664\u76f8\u5173\u7684URL\u6a21\u5f0f
\n await cache.delete(new URL(resourceUrl).pathname);
\n } catch (error) {
\n console.warn('Failed to delete from cache:', error);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5982\u679cUI\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90，\u66f4\u65b0UI
\n await this.updateUIForDeletedResource(resourceUrl);
\n }<\/p>\n
static async updateCacheEtag(url, etag) {
\n \/\/ \u66f4\u65b0\u672c\u5730ETag\u7f13\u5b58
\n const cacheKey = `etag:${url}`;
\n localStorage.setItem(cacheKey, etag);
\n }<\/p>\n
static async handleOperationType(operationType, response) {
\n switch (operationType) {
\n case 'delete':
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c
\n await this.handleDeleteOperation(response);
\n break;<\/p>\n
case 'update':
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c
\n await this.handleUpdateOperation(response);
\n break;<\/p>\n
case 'publish':
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u53d1\u5e03\u64cd\u4f5c
\n await this.handlePublishOperation(response);
\n break;<\/p>\n
default:
\n console.log(`Unknown operation type: ${operationType}`);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
static async handleDeleteOperation(response) {
\n \/\/ \u663e\u793a\u5220\u9664\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6d88\u606f
\n this.showToast('Resource deleted successfully', 'success');<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u9875\u9762\u662f\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u8d44\u6e90，\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u5217\u8868\u9875
\n const deletedResource = response.headers.get('X-Deleted-Resource');
\n if (deletedResource && window.location.pathname.includes(deletedResource)) {
\n setTimeout(() => {
\n const listUrl = deletedResource.substring(0, deletedResource.lastIndexOf('\/'));
\n window.location.href = listUrl;
\n }, 1500);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
static async handleUpdateOperation(response) {
\n \/\/ \u663e\u793a\u66f4\u65b0\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6d88\u606f
\n this.showToast('Resource updated successfully', 'success');<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e
\n const resourceId = response.headers.get('X-Resource-ID');
\n if (resourceId) {
\n await this.refreshResourceData(resourceId);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
static async handlePublishOperation(response) {
\n \/\/ \u663e\u793a\u53d1\u5e03\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6d88\u606f
\n this.showToast('Resource published successfully', 'success');<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u66f4\u65b0UI\u72b6\u6001
\n const resourceId = response.headers.get('X-Resource-ID');
\n if (resourceId) {
\n await this.updatePublishStatus(resourceId, true);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
static showToast(message, type = 'info') {
\n \/\/ \u663e\u793a\u6d88\u606f\u901a\u77e5
\n const toast = document.createElement('div');
\n toast.className = `toast toast-${type}`;
\n toast.textContent = message;
\n toast.style.cssText = `
\n position: fixed;
\n top: 20px;
\n right: 20px;
\n padding: 12px 20px;
\n background: ${type === 'success' ? '#28a745' : '#17a2b8'};
\n color: white;
\n border-radius: 4px;
\n z-index: 1000;
\n animation: fadeInOut 3s ease-in-out;
\n `;<\/p>\n
document.body.appendChild(toast);<\/p>\n
setTimeout(() => {
\n toast.remove();
\n }, 3000);
\n }<\/p>\n
static async updateUIForDeletedResource(resourceUrl) {
\n \/\/ \u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u79fb\u9664\u663e\u793a\u8be5\u8d44\u6e90\u7684UI\u5143\u7d20
\n const resourceElements = document.querySelectorAll(`[data-resource-url="${resourceUrl}"]`);
\n resourceElements.forEach(element => {
\n element.style.transition = 'opacity 0.3s';
\n element.style.opacity = '0';<\/p>\n
setTimeout(() => {
\n element.remove();
\n }, 300);
\n });<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u8d44\u6e90，\u663e\u793a\u7a7a\u72b6\u6001
\n await this.checkEmptyState();
\n }<\/p>\n
static async refreshResourceData(resourceId) {
\n \/\/ \u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u66f4\u65b0UI
\n try {
\n const response = await fetch(`\/api\/resources\/${resourceId}`);
\n if (response.ok) {
\n const data = await response.json();<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u89e6\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u4e8b\u4ef6
\n const event = new CustomEvent('resourceUpdated', {
\n detail: { resourceId, data }
\n });
\n window.dispatchEvent(event);
\n }
\n } catch (error) {
\n console.error('Failed to refresh resource:', error);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
static async updatePublishStatus(resourceId, isPublished) {
\n \/\/ \u66f4\u65b0\u53d1\u5e03\u72b6\u6001
\n const publishButtons = document.querySelectorAll(`[data-resource-id="${resourceId}"] .publish-btn`);
\n publishButtons.forEach(button => {
\n if (isPublished) {
\n button.textContent = 'Published';
\n button.disabled = true;
\n button.classList.add('published');
\n }
\n });
\n }<\/p>\n
static async checkEmptyState() {
\n \/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\u72b6\u6001
\n const resourceList = document.getElementById('resource-list');
\n if (resourceList && resourceList.children.length === 0) {
\n const emptyState = document.createElement('div');
\n emptyState.className = 'empty-state';
\n emptyState.innerHTML = `
\n <h3>No resources found<\/h3>
\n <p>You haven't created any resources yet.<\/p>
\n <button class="btn btn-primary" onclick="createResource()">
\n Create Your First Resource
\n <\/button>
\n `;
\n resourceList.appendChild(emptyState);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
\/**
\n * \u6ce8\u518c204\u54cd\u5e94\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u5668
\n *\/
\n registerHandler(eventName, handler) {
\n if (!this.eventHandlers.has(eventName)) {
\n this.eventHandlers.set(eventName, []);
\n }
\n this.eventHandlers.get(eventName).push(handler);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/**
\n * \u901a\u7528\u7684204\u54cd\u5e94\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570
\n *\/
\n async handle204Response(response, originalRequest) {
\n const responseInfo = {
\n status: response.status,
\n statusText: response.statusText,
\n url: response.url,
\n headers: Object.fromEntries(response.headers.entries()),
\n timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
\n originalRequest: {
\n method: originalRequest.method,
\n url: originalRequest.url
\n }
\n };<\/p>\n
console.log('204 No Content Response:', responseInfo);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5904\u7406
\n switch (originalRequest.method) {
\n case 'DELETE':
\n await this.handleDelete204(response, originalRequest);
\n break;<\/p>\n
case 'PUT':
\n await this.handlePut204(response, originalRequest);
\n break;<\/p>\n
case 'PATCH':
\n await this.handlePatch204(response, originalRequest);
\n break;<\/p>\n
case 'POST':
\n await this.handlePost204(response, originalRequest);
\n break;<\/p>\n
default:
\n console.warn(`Unhandled 204 for method: ${originalRequest.method}`);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u89e6\u53d1\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u5668
\n this.triggerEventHandlers('204Response', responseInfo);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u5904\u7406\u540e\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61
\n return this.createEnhancedResponse(response, responseInfo);
\n }<\/p>\n
async handleDelete204(response, request) {
\n \/\/ \u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4eceURL\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90ID
\n const resourceId = this.extractResourceId(request.url);
\n if (resourceId) {
\n \/\/ \u4ece\u672c\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664
\n this.removeFromLocalStorage(resourceId);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u66f4\u65b0UI
\n await this.updateUIAfterDelete(resourceId);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u663e\u793a\u6210\u529f\u6d88\u606f
\n this.showSuccessMessage('Resource deleted successfully');
\n }<\/p>\n
async handlePut204(response, request) {
\n \/\/ PUT\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709ETag\u66f4\u65b0
\n const etag = response.headers.get('ETag');
\n if (etag) {
\n \/\/ \u66f4\u65b0\u672c\u5730ETag
\n await this.updateLocalEtag(request.url, etag);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u663e\u793a\u6210\u529f\u6d88\u606f
\n this.showSuccessMessage('Resource updated successfully');
\n }<\/p>\n
extractResourceId(url) {
\n \/\/ \u4eceURL\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90ID
\n const match = url.match(\/\\\\\/(\\\\d+)(\\\\\/|$)\/);
\n return match ? match[1] : null;
\n }<\/p>\n
removeFromLocalStorage(resourceId) {
\n \/\/ \u4ecelocalStorage\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u8d44\u6e90
\n const keysToRemove = [];
\n for (let i = 0; i < localStorage.length; i++) {
\n const key = localStorage.key(i);
\n if (key.includes(resourceId)) {
\n keysToRemove.push(key);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
keysToRemove.forEach(key => localStorage.removeItem(key));
\n }<\/p>\n
async updateUIAfterDelete(resourceId) {
\n \/\/ \u66f4\u65b0UI
\n const elements = document.querySelectorAll(`[data-resource-id="${resourceId}"]`);
\n elements.forEach(element => {
\n element.classList.add('deleting');
\n setTimeout(() => {
\n element.remove();
\n this.checkEmptyState();
\n }, 300);
\n });
\n }<\/p>\n
showSuccessMessage(message) {
\n \/\/ \u663e\u793a\u6210\u529f\u6d88\u606f
\n const messageDiv = document.getElementById('message-container');
\n if (messageDiv) {
\n const alert = document.createElement('div');
\n alert.className = 'alert alert-success';
\n alert.textContent = message;
\n messageDiv.appendChild(alert);<\/p>\n
setTimeout(() => {
\n alert.remove();
\n }, 5000);
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
updateLocalEtag(url, etag) {
\n \/\/ \u66f4\u65b0\u672c\u5730ETag\u5b58\u50a8
\n const key = `etag_${btoa(url)}`;
\n localStorage.setItem(key, etag);
\n }<\/p>\n
triggerEventHandlers(eventName, data) {
\n const handlers = this.eventHandlers.get(eventName);
\n if (handlers) {
\n handlers.forEach(handler => handler(data));
\n }
\n }<\/p>\n
createEnhancedResponse(originalResponse, responseInfo) {
\n \/\/ \u521b\u5efa\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61
\n const enhancedResponse = {
\n …originalResponse,
\n _enhanced: true,
\n _responseInfo: responseInfo,<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6dfb\u52a0\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5
\n getDeletedResourceId: () => {
\n const header = originalResponse.headers.get('X-Deleted-Resource');
\n return header ? this.extractResourceId(header) : null;
\n },<\/p>\n
getOperationType: () => {
\n return originalResponse.headers.get('X-Operation-Type');
\n },<\/p>\n
getResourceType: () => {
\n return originalResponse.headers.get('X-Resource-Type');
\n }
\n };<\/p>\n
return enhancedResponse;
\n }
\n}<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b
\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
\n const handler = new NoContentResponseHandler();<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6ce8\u518c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u5668
\n handler.registerHandler('204Response', (data) => {
\n console.log('Custom 204 handler:', data);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u66f4\u65b0\u9875\u9762\u6807\u9898（\u5982\u679c\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u578b）
\n const operationType = data.headers['X-Operation-Type'];
\n if (operationType) {
\n document.title = `${operationType.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + operationType.slice(1)} – My App`;
\n }
\n });<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5220\u9664\u6309\u94ae
\n document.querySelectorAll('.delete-btn').forEach(button => {
\n button.addEventListener('click', async (e) => {
\n e.preventDefault();<\/p>\n
const resourceId = button.dataset.resourceId;
\n const resourceType = button.dataset.resourceType;<\/p>\n
if (!confirm(`Are you sure you want to delete this ${resourceType}?`)) {
\n return;
\n }<\/p>\n
try {
\n const response = await fetch(`\/api\/${resourceType}\/${resourceId}`, {
\n method: 'DELETE',
\n headers: {
\n 'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'
\n }
\n });<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94
\n const enhancedResponse = await handler.handle204Response(response, {
\n method: 'DELETE',
\n url: `\/api\/${resourceType}\/${resourceId}`
\n });<\/p>\n
console.log('Enhanced response:', enhancedResponse);<\/p>\n
} catch (error) {
\n console.error('Delete failed:', error);
\n alert('Failed to delete resource');
\n }
\n });
\n });<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5df2\u8bfb\u6309\u94ae
\n document.querySelectorAll('.mark-read-btn').forEach(button => {
\n button.addEventListener('click', async (e) => {
\n e.preventDefault();<\/p>\n
const notificationId = button.dataset.notificationId;<\/p>\n
try {
\n const response = await fetch(`\/api\/notifications\/${notificationId}\/read`, {
\n method: 'PUT'
\n });<\/p>\n
if (response.status === 204) {
\n \/\/ \u9690\u85cf\u901a\u77e5
\n button.closest('.notification-item').style.opacity = '0';
\n setTimeout(() => {
\n button.closest('.notification-item').remove();
\n }, 300);
\n }
\n } catch (error) {
\n console.error('Mark as read failed:', error);
\n }
\n });
\n });
\n});<\/p>\n
React\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684204\u5904\u7406<\/h4>\n
jsx<\/p>\n
\/\/ React\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684204\u54cd\u5e94\u5904\u7406
\nimport React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
\nimport { useFetch } from '.\/hooks\/useFetch';<\/p>\n
const NoContentHandler = {
\n \/**
\n * \u5904\u7406204\u54cd\u5e94\u7684React\u94a9\u5b50
\n *\/
\n useNoContentHandler() {
\n const [deletedResources, setDeletedResources] = useState([]);
\n const [updatedResources, setUpdatedResources] = useState(new Set());<\/p>\n
const handle204Response = async (response, requestInfo) => {
\n \/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u578b
\n const operationType = response.headers.get('X-Operation-Type');
\n const resourceId = response.headers.get('X-Resource-ID');
\n const resourceType = response.headers.get('X-Resource-Type');<\/p>\n
switch (operationType) {
\n case 'delete':
\n \/\/ \u8bb0\u5f55\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u8d44\u6e90
\n setDeletedResources(prev => […prev, {
\n id: resourceId,
\n type: resourceType,
\n timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
\n }]);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u663e\u793a\u5220\u9664\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6d88\u606f
\n this.showNotification(`${resourceType} deleted successfully`, 'success');
\n break;<\/p>\n
case 'update':
\n \/\/ \u8bb0\u5f55\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u8d44\u6e90
\n setUpdatedResources(prev => {
\n const next = new Set(prev);
\n next.add(resourceId);
\n return next;
\n });<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u663e\u793a\u66f4\u65b0\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6d88\u606f
\n this.showNotification(`${resourceType} updated successfully`, 'success');
\n break;<\/p>\n
default:
\n \/\/ \u901a\u7528\u5904\u7406
\n this.showNotification('Operation completed successfully', 'info');
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u6709ETag\u66f4\u65b0
\n const etag = response.headers.get('ETag');
\n if (etag && resourceId) {
\n this.updateCacheEtag(resourceId, etag);
\n }
\n };<\/p>\n
const showNotification = (message, type) => {
\n \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528React\u72b6\u6001\u6216Context\u6765\u663e\u793a\u901a\u77e5
\n console.log(`[${type.toUpperCase()}] ${message}`);
\n };<\/p>\n
const updateCacheEtag = (resourceId, etag) => {
\n \/\/ \u66f4\u65b0ETag\u7f13\u5b58
\n localStorage.setItem(`etag_${resourceId}`, etag);
\n };<\/p>\n
return {
\n handle204Response,
\n deletedResources,
\n updatedResources,
\n clearDeletedResources: () => setDeletedResources([]),
\n clearUpdatedResources: () => setUpdatedResources(new Set())
\n };
\n }
\n};<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b：\u8d44\u6e90\u5220\u9664\u7ec4\u4ef6
\nconst ResourceDeleteButton = ({ resourceId, resourceType, onDelete }) => {
\n const [isDeleting, setIsDeleting] = useState(false);
\n const { handle204Response } = NoContentHandler.useNoContentHandler();<\/p>\n
const handleDelete = async () => {
\n if (!window.confirm(`Are you sure you want to delete this ${resourceType}?`)) {
\n return;
\n }<\/p>\n
setIsDeleting(true);<\/p>\n
try {
\n const response = await fetch(`\/api\/${resourceType}s\/${resourceId}`, {
\n method: 'DELETE',
\n headers: {
\n 'Content-Type': 'application\/json'
\n }
\n });<\/p>\n
if (response.status === 204) {
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406204\u54cd\u5e94
\n await handle204Response(response, {
\n method: 'DELETE',
\n resourceId,
\n resourceType
\n });<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u56de\u8c03
\n if (onDelete) {
\n onDelete(resourceId);
\n }
\n } else if (response.status === 404) {
\n alert(`${resourceType} not found`);
\n } else {
\n const error = await response.json();
\n alert(`Delete failed: ${error.message}`);
\n }
\n } catch (error) {
\n console.error('Delete error:', error);
\n alert('Network error');
\n } finally {
\n setIsDeleting(false);
\n }
\n };<\/p>\n
return (
\n <button
\n onClick={handleDelete}
\n disabled={isDeleting}
\n className={`btn btn-danger ${isDeleting ? 'disabled' : ''}`}
\n >
\n {isDeleting ? (
\n <>
\n <span className="spinner-border spinner-border-sm mr-2" role="status" \/>
\n Deleting…
\n <\/>
\n ) : (
\n `Delete ${resourceType}`
\n )}
\n <\/button>
\n );
\n};<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b：\u6279\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u7ec4\u4ef6
\nconst BatchOperations = ({ resourceType, selectedIds, onComplete }) => {
\n const [isProcessing, setIsProcessing] = useState(false);
\n const [progress, setProgress] = useState(0);
\n const { handle204Response } = NoContentHandler.useNoContentHandler();<\/p>\n
const handleBatchDelete = async () => {
\n if (selectedIds.length === 0) {
\n alert('No items selected');
\n return;
\n }<\/p>\n
if (!window.confirm(`Delete ${selectedIds.length} ${resourceType}(s)?`)) {
\n return;
\n }<\/p>\n
setIsProcessing(true);
\n setProgress(0);<\/p>\n
try {
\n \/\/ \u6279\u91cf\u5220\u9664
\n for (let i = 0; i < selectedIds.length; i++) {
\n const resourceId = selectedIds[i];<\/p>\n
const response = await fetch(`\/api\/${resourceType}s\/${resourceId}`, {
\n method: 'DELETE'
\n });<\/p>\n
if (response.status === 204) {
\n \/\/ \u5904\u7406204\u54cd\u5e94
\n await handle204Response(response, {
\n method: 'DELETE',
\n resourceId,
\n resourceType,
\n batchIndex: i
\n });
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u66f4\u65b0\u8fdb\u5ea6
\n setProgress(((i + 1) \/ selectedIds.length) * 100);
\n }<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u5b8c\u6210
\n if (onComplete) {
\n onComplete();
\n }<\/p>\n
alert(`Successfully deleted ${selectedIds.length} ${resourceType}(s)`);<\/p>\n
} catch (error) {
\n console.error('Batch delete error:', error);
\n alert('Some deletions failed');
\n } finally {
\n setIsProcessing(false);
\n setProgress(0);
\n }
\n };<\/p>\n
const handleBatchUpdate = async (updates) => {
\n \/\/ \u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6279\u91cf\u66f4\u65b0\u903b\u8f91
\n };<\/p>\n
return (
\n <div className="batch-operations">
\n <h3>Batch Operations<\/h3>
\n <p>{selectedIds.length} items selected<\/p><\/p>\n
{isProcessing && (
\n <div className="progress mb-3">
\n <div
\n className="progress-bar"
\n role="progressbar"
\n style={{ width: `${progress}%` }}
\n >
\n {Math.round(progress)}%
\n <\/div>
\n <\/div>
\n )}<\/p>\n
<div className="btn-group">
\n <button
\n onClick={handleBatchDelete}
\n disabled={isProcessing || selectedIds.length === 0}
\n className="btn btn-danger"
\n >
\n Delete Selected
\n <\/button><\/p>\n
<button
\n onClick={() => handleBatchUpdate({ status: 'archived' })}
\n disabled={isProcessing || selectedIds.length === 0}
\n className="btn btn-secondary"
\n >
\n Archive Selected
\n <\/button>
\n <\/div>
\n <\/div>
\n );
\n};<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b：\u4e3b\u5e94\u7528\u7ec4\u4ef6
\nconst App = () => {
\n const [resources, setResources] = useState([]);
\n const [selectedResources, setSelectedResources] = useState([]);
\n const { deletedResources, clearDeletedResources } = NoContentHandler.useNoContentHandler();<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\u5217\u8868
\n useEffect(() => {
\n fetchResources();
\n }, []);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u76d1\u542c\u5220\u9664\u4e8b\u4ef6
\n useEffect(() => {
\n if (deletedResources.length > 0) {
\n \/\/ \u4ece\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u8d44\u6e90
\n setResources(prev => prev.filter(
\n resource => !deletedResources.some(
\n deleted => deleted.id === resource.id && deleted.type === resource.type
\n )
\n ));<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u6e05\u9664\u9009\u62e9
\n setSelectedResources([]);<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u53ef\u9009：\u6e05\u9664\u5220\u9664\u8bb0\u5f55
\n clearDeletedResources();
\n }
\n }, [deletedResources, clearDeletedResources]);<\/p>\n
const fetchResources = async () => {
\n try {
\n const response = await fetch('\/api\/resources');
\n const data = await response.json();
\n setResources(data);
\n } catch (error) {
\n console.error('Failed to fetch resources:', error);
\n }
\n };<\/p>\n
const handleResourceDelete = (deletedId) => {
\n \/\/ \u4ece\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664
\n setResources(prev => prev.filter(resource => resource.id !== deletedId));<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4ece\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664
\n setSelectedResources(prev => prev.filter(id => id !== deletedId));
\n };<\/p>\n
const handleSelectResource = (resourceId) => {
\n setSelectedResources(prev => {
\n if (prev.includes(resourceId)) {
\n return prev.filter(id => id !== resourceId);
\n } else {
\n return […prev, resourceId];
\n }
\n });
\n };<\/p>\n
const handleSelectAll = () => {
\n if (selectedResources.length === resources.length) {
\n setSelectedResources([]);
\n } else {
\n setSelectedResources(resources.map(r => r.id));
\n }
\n };<\/p>\n
return (
\n <div className="container">
\n <h1>Resource Management<\/h1><\/p>\n
<BatchOperations
\n resourceType="resource"
\n selectedIds={selectedResources}
\n onComplete={fetchResources}
\n \/><\/p>\n
<div className="resource-list">
\n <table className="table">
\n <thead>
\n <tr>
\n <th>
\n <input
\n type="checkbox"
\n checked={selectedResources.length === resources.length && resources.length > 0}
\n onChange={handleSelectAll}
\n \/>
\n <\/th>
\n <th>Name<\/th>
\n <th>Type<\/th>
\n <th>Created<\/th>
\n <th>Actions<\/th>
\n <\/tr>
\n <\/thead>
\n <tbody>
\n {resources.map(resource => (
\n <tr key={resource.id}>
\n <td>
\n <input
\n type="checkbox"
\n checked={selectedResources.includes(resource.id)}
\n onChange={() => handleSelectResource(resource.id)}
\n \/>
\n <\/td>
\n <td>{resource.name}<\/td>
\n <td>{resource.type}<\/td>
\n <td>{new Date(resource.created_at).toLocaleDateString()}<\/td>
\n <td>
\n <ResourceDeleteButton
\n resourceId={resource.id}
\n resourceType={resource.type}
\n onDelete={handleResourceDelete}
\n \/>
\n <\/td>
\n <\/tr>
\n ))}
\n <\/tbody>
\n <\/table>
\n <\/div>
\n <\/div>
\n );
\n};<\/p>\n
export default App;<\/p>\n
7.5 \u4e0e200 OK\u7684\u533a\u522b\u548c\u9009\u62e9<\/h3>\n\u51b3\u7b56\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/20261104055701-6aeac92db918a.png\")
<\/h4>\n\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n
<\/h4>\n\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n
python<\/p>\n
# \u5bf9\u6bd4200\u548c204\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9009\u62e9
\nfrom enum import Enum<\/p>\n
class ResponseStrategy(Enum):
\n """\u54cd\u5e94\u7b56\u7565"""
\n FULL_200 = "full_200" # 200 + \u5b8c\u6574\u8d44\u6e90
\n PARTIAL_200 = "partial_200" # 200 + \u90e8\u5206\u8d44\u6e90
\n NO_CONTENT_204 = "no_content_204" # 204 No Content
\n CREATED_201 = "created_201" # 201 Created<\/p>\n
class ResponseBuilder:
\n """\u54cd\u5e94\u6784\u5efa\u5668，\u6839\u636e\u7b56\u7565\u8fd4\u56de\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u54cd\u5e94"""<\/p>\n
def build_response(self, strategy, **kwargs):
\n """
\n \u6839\u636e\u7b56\u7565\u6784\u5efa\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n
Args:
\n strategy: ResponseStrategy \u679a\u4e3e
\n **kwargs: \u53c2\u6570
\n – resource: \u8d44\u6e90\u5bf9\u8c61
\n – action: \u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c
\n – partial_data: \u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e
\n – location: \u4f4d\u7f6e（\u7528\u4e8e201）<\/p>\n
Returns:
\n (status_code, data, headers)
\n """<\/p>\n
if strategy == ResponseStrategy.FULL_200:
\n return self._build_full_200(**kwargs)
\n elif strategy == ResponseStrategy.PARTIAL_200:
\n return self._build_partial_200(**kwargs)
\n elif strategy == ResponseStrategy.NO_CONTENT_204:
\n return self._build_204(**kwargs)
\n elif strategy == ResponseStrategy.CREATED_201:
\n return self._build_201(**kwargs)
\n else:
\n raise ValueError(f"Unknown strategy: {strategy}")<\/p>\n
def _build_full_200(self, resource, action=None, **kwargs):
\n """\u6784\u5efa200 OK\u54cd\u5e94（\u5b8c\u6574\u8d44\u6e90）"""
\n data = resource.to_dict() # \u5047\u8bbe\u8d44\u6e90\u6709to_dict\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n
headers = {
\n 'Content-Type': 'application\/json',
\n 'ETag': f'"{resource.generate_etag()}"',
\n 'Last-Modified': resource.updated_at.strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT')
\n }<\/p>\n
if action:
\n headers[f'X-{action.capitalize()}-Resource'] = f'\/api\/resources\/{resource.id}'<\/p>\n
return 200, data, headers<\/p>\n
def _build_partial_200(self, resource, partial_data, action=None, **kwargs):
\n """\u6784\u5efa200 OK\u54cd\u5e94（\u90e8\u5206\u8d44\u6e90）"""
\n data = {
\n 'id': resource.id,
\n 'type': resource.__class__.__name__.lower(),
\n 'updated_at': resource.updated_at.isoformat(),
\n **partial_data
\n }<\/p>\n
headers = {
\n 'Content-Type': 'application\/json',
\n 'ETag': f'"{resource.generate_etag()}"',
\n 'X-Partial-Response': 'true'
\n }<\/p>\n
if action:
\n headers[f'X-{action.capitalize()}-Resource'] = f'\/api\/resources\/{resource.id}'<\/p>\n
return 200, data, headers<\/p>\n
def _build_204(self, resource=None, action=None, **kwargs):
\n """\u6784\u5efa204 No Content\u54cd\u5e94"""
\n headers = {
\n 'Cache-Control': 'no-cache, must-revalidate',
\n 'Pragma': 'no-cache',
\n 'Expires': '0'
\n }<\/p>\n
if resource:
\n headers['ETag'] = f'"{resource.generate_etag()}"'
\n headers['Last-Modified'] = datetime.utcnow().strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT')<\/p>\n
if action:
\n headers[f'X-{action.capitalize()}-Resource'] = f'\/api\/resources\/{resource.id}'
\n headers[f'X-{resource.__class__.__name__.capitalize()}-ID'] = str(resource.id)<\/p>\n
elif action:
\n headers[f'X-{action.capitalize()}-Operation'] = 'completed'<\/p>\n
return 204, None, headers<\/p>\n
def _build_201(self, resource, location=None, **kwargs):
\n """\u6784\u5efa201 Created\u54cd\u5e94"""
\n data = resource.to_dict()<\/p>\n
headers = {
\n 'Content-Type': 'application\/json',
\n 'Location': location or f'\/api\/resources\/{resource.id}'
\n }<\/p>\n
return 201, data, headers<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b：\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u578b
\nclass ResourceController:
\n """\u8d44\u6e90\u63a7\u5236\u5668，\u5c55\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4f7f\u7528"""<\/p>\n
def __init__(self):
\n self.response_builder = ResponseBuilder()<\/p>\n
def get_resource(self, resource_id):
\n """\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90 – \u603b\u662f\u8fd4\u56de200 + \u5b8c\u6574\u8d44\u6e90"""
\n resource = self._get_resource_by_id(resource_id)
\n if not resource:
\n return None, 404<\/p>\n
return self.response_builder.build_response(
\n ResponseStrategy.FULL_200,
\n resource=resource
\n )<\/p>\n
def update_resource(self, resource_id, update_data):
\n """\u66f4\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90 – \u6839\u636e\u60c5\u51b5\u9009\u62e9\u7b56\u7565"""
\n resource = self._get_resource_by_id(resource_id)
\n if not resource:
\n return None, 404<\/p>\n
# \u6267\u884c\u66f4\u65b0
\n self._apply_update(resource, update_data)<\/p>\n
# \u51b3\u5b9a\u54cd\u5e94\u7b56\u7565
\n strategy = self._choose_update_strategy(update_data, resource)<\/p>\n
if strategy == ResponseStrategy.FULL_200:
\n # \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8d44\u6e90
\n return self.response_builder.build_response(
\n ResponseStrategy.FULL_200,
\n resource=resource,
\n action='updated'
\n )<\/p>\n
elif strategy == ResponseStrategy.PARTIAL_200:
\n # \u53ea\u8fd4\u56de\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u90e8\u5206
\n partial_data = {k: update_data[k] for k in update_data.keys()}
\n return self.response_builder.build_response(
\n ResponseStrategy.PARTIAL_200,
\n resource=resource,
\n partial_data=partial_data,
\n action='updated'
\n )<\/p>\n
elif strategy == ResponseStrategy.NO_CONTENT_204:
\n # \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u6570\u636e，\u53ea\u9700\u786e\u8ba4\u66f4\u65b0\u6210\u529f
\n return self.response_builder.build_response(
\n ResponseStrategy.NO_CONTENT_204,
\n resource=resource,
\n action='updated'
\n )<\/p>\n
def delete_resource(self, resource_id):
\n """\u5220\u9664\u8d44\u6e90 – \u603b\u662f\u8fd4\u56de204"""
\n resource = self._get_resource_by_id(resource_id)
\n if not resource:
\n # \u6839\u636eAPI\u8bbe\u8ba1，\u5220\u9664\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56de204\u6216404
\n # \u8fd9\u91cc\u8fd4\u56de204\u8868\u793a"\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u671f\u671b\u7684\u72b6\u6001"
\n return self.response_builder.build_response(
\n ResponseStrategy.NO_CONTENT_204,
\n action='already_deleted'
\n )<\/p>\n
# \u6267\u884c\u5220\u9664
\n self._perform_delete(resource)<\/p>\n
return self.response_builder.build_response(
\n ResponseStrategy.NO_CONTENT_204,
\n resource=resource,
\n action='deleted'
\n )<\/p>\n
def create_resource(self, resource_data):
\n """\u521b\u5efa\u8d44\u6e90 – \u603b\u662f\u8fd4\u56de201"""
\n resource = self._create_resource(resource_data)<\/p>\n
return self.response_builder.build_response(
\n ResponseStrategy.CREATED_201,
\n resource=resource,
\n location=f'\/api\/resources\/{resource.id}'
\n )<\/p>\n
def _choose_update_strategy(self, update_data, resource):
\n """\u9009\u62e9\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u7b56\u7565"""<\/p>\n
# \u89c4\u52191：\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86\u654f\u611f\u5b57\u6bb5，\u8fd4\u56de\u5b8c\u6574\u8d44\u6e90\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5237\u65b0
\n sensitive_fields = ['email', 'password', 'api_key']
\n if any(field in update_data for field in sensitive_fields):
\n return ResponseStrategy.FULL_200<\/p>\n
# \u89c4\u52192：\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5207\u6362，\u8fd4\u56de204
\n simple_state_changes = ['is_active', 'is_published', 'is_verified']
\n if len(update_data) == 1 and list(update_data.keys())[0] in simple_state_changes:
\n return ResponseStrategy.NO_CONTENT_204<\/p>\n
# \u89c4\u52193：\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5b57\u6bb5，\u8fd4\u56de\u5b8c\u6574\u8d44\u6e90
\n if len(update_data) > 3:
\n return ResponseStrategy.FULL_200<\/p>\n
# \u89c4\u52194：\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8fd4\u56de\u90e8\u5206\u8d44\u6e90
\n return ResponseStrategy.PARTIAL_200<\/p>\n
# \u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0
\n def _get_resource_by_id(self, resource_id):
\n # \u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90
\n pass<\/p>\n
def _apply_update(self, resource, update_data):
\n # \u5e94\u7528\u66f4\u65b0
\n pass<\/p>\n
def _perform_delete(self, resource):
\n # \u6267\u884c\u5220\u9664
\n pass<\/p>\n
def _create_resource(self, resource_data):
\n # \u521b\u5efa\u8d44\u6e90
\n pass<\/p>\n
7.6 \u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n
yaml<\/p>\n
# 204 No Content\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u6e05\u5355
\nbest_practices_204:<\/p>\n
# \u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5219
\n core_principles:
\n – \u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u7a7a
\n – \u8868\u793a\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c
\n – \u53ef\u5305\u542b\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f
\n – \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e94\u57fa\u4e8e\u5934\u90e8\u66f4\u65b0\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n
# \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f
\n appropriate_scenarios:
\n – \u6210\u529f\u5220\u9664\u8d44\u6e90
\n – \u6210\u529f\u66f4\u65b0\u4f46\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5df2\u6709\u6570\u636e
\n – \u72b6\u6001\u5207\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c（\u53d1\u5e03\/\u53d6\u6d88\u53d1\u5e03\u3001\u6fc0\u6d3b\/\u505c\u7528）
\n – \u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5df2\u8bfb\/\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210
\n – \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u589e\u52a0
\n – \u7a7a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6216\u5e42\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
# \u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f
\n inappropriate_scenarios:
\n – \u9700\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c
\n – \u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90（\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528201）
\n – \u590d\u6742\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c
\n – \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n
# \u5934\u90e8\u8bbe\u8ba1
\n headers_design:
\n required:
\n – Date: \u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4
\n – Cache-Control: \u901a\u5e38\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a"no-cache, must-revalidate"<\/p>\n
recommended:
\n – ETag: \u5982\u679c\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u66f4\u65b0
\n – Last-Modified: \u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4
\n – X-Resource-ID: \u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8d44\u6e90ID
\n – X-Operation-Type: \u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n
optional:
\n – Location: \u5982\u679c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d89\u53ca\u8d44\u6e90\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d8\u5316
\n – X-RateLimit-Remaining: \u901f\u7387\u9650\u5236\u4fe1\u606f
\n – X-Deleted-Resource: \u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u8d44\u6e90URL<\/p>\n
# \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5904\u7406
\n client_handling:
\n – \u4e0d\u8981\u671f\u671b\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53
\n – \u68c0\u67e5\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u662f\u5426\u4e3a204
\n – \u89e3\u6790\u5934\u90e8\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4fe1\u606f
\n – \u57fa\u4e8e\u5934\u90e8\u66f4\u65b0\u672c\u5730\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u7f13\u5b58
\n – \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c，\u4ece\u672c\u5730\u79fb\u9664\u8d44\u6e90
\n – \u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c，\u66f4\u65b0\u672c\u5730ETag<\/p>\n
# \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0
\n server_implementation:
\n – \u786e\u4fdd\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u4e3a\u7a7a
\n – \u8bbe\u7f6e\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u5934\u90e8
\n – \u5305\u542b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5143\u6570\u636e
\n – \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5305\u542b\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6807\u8bc6
\n – \u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c，\u5305\u542b\u65b0\u7684ETag
\n – \u4fdd\u6301\u5e42\u7b49\u6027<\/p>\n
# \u7f13\u5b58\u884c\u4e3a
\n caching:
\n – 204\u54cd\u5e94\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u5e94\u7f13\u5b58
\n – \u8bbe\u7f6eCache-Control\u4e3a"no-cache"\u6216"no-store"
\n – \u5982\u679c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6e90，\u4f7f\u76f8\u5173\u7f13\u5b58\u5931\u6548<\/p>\n
# \u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406
\n error_handling:
\n – \u5982\u679c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25，\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528204
\n – \u4f7f\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u72b6\u6001\u7801（4xx\u62165xx）
\n – \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6743\u9650\u9519\u8bef\u8fd4\u56de403
\n – \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728，\u6839\u636eAPI\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fd4\u56de404\u6216204<\/p>\n
# \u5e42\u7b49\u6027\u8003\u8651
\n idempotency:
\n – \u5220\u9664\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u8fd4\u56de204
\n – \u66f4\u65b0\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u503c\u53ef\u8fd4\u56de204
\n – \u91cd\u590d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5207\u6362\u53ef\u8fd4\u56de204
\n – \u786e\u4fdd\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5e42\u7b49\u7684<\/p>\n
# \u76d1\u63a7\u548c\u65e5\u5fd7
\n monitoring:
\n – \u8bb0\u5f55204\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u578b
\n – \u76d1\u63a7204\u54cd\u5e94\u7387
\n – \u5ba1\u8ba1\u654f\u611f\u64cd\u4f5c（\u5220\u9664\u3001\u6743\u9650\u53d8\u66f4）
\n – \u8bb0\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u6267\u884c\u8005<\/p>\n
# \u5b89\u5168\u8003\u8651
\n security:
\n – \u9a8c\u8bc1\u64cd\u4f5c\u6743\u9650
\n – \u8bb0\u5f55\u654f\u611f\u64cd\u4f5c
\n – \u9632\u6b62CSRF\u653b\u51fb
\n – \u9a8c\u8bc1\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e
\n – \u9650\u5236\u64cd\u4f5c\u9891\u7387<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u6790，\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86204 No Content\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u7528\u6cd5\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e200 OK\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002204\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u5728RESTful API\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272，\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6210\u529f\u64cd\u4f5c\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528204 No Content\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8API\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387，\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93，\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\/* MD \/ \u5bcc\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684 .toc\uff08\u542b\u535a\u5ba2\u56ed\u642c\u5bb6\u7b49\u5d4c\u5957\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\uff1b.toc-box \u5728\u4fa7\u680f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd *\/#content_views .toc,\/* \u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u5e38\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u524d\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u7a7a p\uff08:empty \u4ecd\u5360 20px\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u5e76\u53bb\u6389\u907f\u514d\u9876\u7a7a\u9699 *\/#content_views.markdown_views > p:empty:has(+ .toc),#content_views.markdown_views > .toc + p:empty,\/* \u5bcc\u6587\u672c\u65e7\u7248\u76ee\u5f55\u6807\u8bb0 *\/#content<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":122267,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[43],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-122270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-server","tag-43"],"yoast_head":"\n