{"id":121662,"date":"2026-11-03T09:08:50","date_gmt":"2026-11-03T01:08:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/121662.html"},"modified":"2026-11-03T09:08:50","modified_gmt":"2026-11-03T01:08:50","slug":"%e7%ac%ac33%e7%ab%a0-%e5%8f%98%e9%87%8f%e4%b8%8e%e5%b8%b8%e9%87%8f%ef%bc%9a%e5%8f%98%e9%87%8f%e5%a3%b0%e6%98%8e%e3%80%81%e4%bd%9c%e7%94%a8%e5%9f%9f%e4%b8%8efinal%e5%85%b3%e9%94%ae%e5%ad%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wsisp.com\/helps\/121662.html","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c33\u7ae0 \u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u5e38\u91cf\uff1a\u53d8\u91cf\u58f0\u660e\u3001\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e0efinal\u5173\u952e\u5b57"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n

1.1 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n

\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u53d8\u91cf（Variable）\u5c31\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u547d\u540d\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u53d8\u91cf\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a"\u5e26\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u5bb9\u5668"\u2014\u2014\u6807\u7b7e\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\u540d，\u5bb9\u5668\u91cc\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u503c\u3002\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u65f6，\u901a\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u5373\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee；\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u65f6，\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u8d4b\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7528\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u7c7b\u6bd4：\u4e00\u4e2a\u505c\u8f66\u573a\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u8f66\u4f4d，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8f66\u4f4d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u53f7（\u5982A12\u3001B07）\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u628a\u8f66\u505c\u8fdb\u53bb\u540e，\u522b\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8f66\u4f4d\u7f16\u53f7\u627e\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u8f66\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684"\u8f66\u4f4d\u7f16\u53f7"\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u53d8\u91cf\u540d，"\u8f66\u4f4d"\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4，"\u8f66"\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .label{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .label text,#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .node rect,#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .node circle,#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .node .label,#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-Nr7YHMXGQ83wid9m :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u53d8\u91cf\u540d<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u503c<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728Java\u4e2d，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u5c5e\u6027：<\/p>\n\n\u5c5e\u6027\u8bf4\u660e\u793a\u4f8b<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n
\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\n\u51b3\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u80fd\u5b58\u50a8\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u503c，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5360\u7528\u591a\u5c11\u5185\u5b58<\/td>\nint\u3001double\u3001String<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u53d8\u91cf\u540d<\/td>\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26<\/td>\nage\u3001studentName<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u503c<\/td>\n\u5b9e\u9645\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n25\u3001"\u5f20\u4e09"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

1.2 \u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u672c\u8d28：\u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n

\u4ece\u5e95\u5c42\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b，\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5411JVM\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4ee5int age = 25;\u4e3a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

  • JVM\u5728\u6808\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u5206\u914d4\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4（int\u7c7b\u578b\u53604\u5b57\u8282）<\/li>\n
  • \u5c06\u8be5\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u53d8\u91cf\u540dage\u7ed1\u5b9a<\/li>\n
  • \u5c06\u6570\u503c25\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8865\u7801\u5f62\u5f0f\u5199\u5165\u8fd9\u5757\u5185\u5b58<\/li>\n

    \u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4Java\u865a\u62df\u673aJava\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4Java\u865a\u62df\u673aJava\u7a0b\u5e8f#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .actor{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV text.actor>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .actor-line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .innerArc{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:none;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .messageLine0{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .messageLine1{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:2,2;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV #arrowhead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .sequenceNumber{fill:white;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV #sequencenumber{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV #crosshead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .messageText{fill:#333;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .labelBox{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .labelText,#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .labelText>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .loopText,#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .loopText>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .loopLine{stroke-width:2px;stroke-dasharray:2,2;stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .note{stroke:#aaaa33;fill:#fff5ad;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .noteText,#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .noteText>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .activation0{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .activation1{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .activation2{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .actorPopupMenu{position:absolute;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .actorPopupMenuPanel{position:absolute;fill:#ECECFF;box-shadow:0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);filter:drop-shadow(3px 5px 2px rgb(0 0 0 \/ 0.4));}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .actor-man line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV .actor-man circle,#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-2faWJWAHC7DcVKcV :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}int age = 25\u5206\u914d4\u5b57\u8282\u7a7a\u95f4（\u5730\u57400x1000）\u5199\u5165\u503c25（0x00000019）\u7ed1\u5b9a age ->> 0x1000<\/p>\n

    \u7406\u89e3\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3001\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u548c\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u4e0e\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/h3>\n

    2.1 \u58f0\u660e\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n

    Java\u662f\u5f3a\u7c7b\u578b\u8bed\u8a00，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u58f0\u660e\u5176\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u58f0\u660e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e3a：<\/p>\n

    \u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b \u53d8\u91cf\u540d;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u8d4b\u4e88\u521d\u59cb\u503c：<\/p>\n

    \u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b \u53d8\u91cf\u540d =<\/span> \u521d\u59cb\u503c;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u58f0\u660e\u793a\u4f8b：<\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
    \nint<\/span> count =<\/span> 100<\/span>;<\/span>
    \ndouble<\/span> price =<\/span> 29.99<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nboolean<\/span> isActive =<\/span> true<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nchar<\/span> grade =<\/span> 'A'<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nlong<\/span> timestamp =<\/span> 1692000000000L<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nfloat<\/span> pi =<\/span> 3.14f<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
    \nString<\/span> name =<\/span> "\u5f20\u4e09"<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nint<\/span>[<\/span>]<\/span> scores =<\/span> {<\/span>85<\/span>,<\/span> 90<\/span>,<\/span> 78<\/span>,<\/span> 92<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nList<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span><\/span> names =<\/span> new<\/span> ArrayList<\/span><<\/span>><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    2.2 \u591a\u53d8\u91cf\u58f0\u660e<\/h4>\n

    Java\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u58f0\u660e\u591a\u4e2a\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u53d8\u91cf：<\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u4e00\u884c\u58f0\u660e\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
    \nint<\/span> a,<\/span> b,<\/span> c;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u58f0\u660e\u5e76\u5206\u522b\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/span>
    \nint<\/span> x =<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span> y =<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> z =<\/span> 3<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u90e8\u5206\u521d\u59cb\u5316（\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350）<\/span>
    \nint<\/span> m =<\/span> 10<\/span>,<\/span> n,<\/span> p =<\/span> 20<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ n\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u867d\u7136\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u5141\u8bb8，\u4f46\u4ece\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u8003\u8651，\u5efa\u8bae\u6bcf\u884c\u53ea\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf：<\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u63a8\u8350\u5199\u6cd5<\/span>
    \nint<\/span> x =<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nint<\/span> y =<\/span> 2<\/span>;<\/span>
    \nint<\/span> z =<\/span> 3<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    2.3 \u58f0\u660e\u4e0e\u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u5206\u79bb<\/h4>\n

    \u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u548c\u8d4b\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e24\u6b65\u8fdb\u884c：<\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65：\u58f0\u660e<\/span>
    \nString<\/span> message;<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65：\u8d4b\u503c（\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u9996\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u524d）<\/span>
    \nmessage =<\/span> "Hello, Java!"<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

    System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>message)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa：Hello, Java!<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f，\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u8d4b\u503c\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528，\u5426\u5219\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519：<\/p>\n

    int<\/span> result;<\/span>
    \nSystem<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>result)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef：variable result might not have been initialized<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e09\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u8303<\/h3>\n

    3.1 Java\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u89c4\u5219<\/h4>\n

    \u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u5c5e\u4e8eJava\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26（Identifier），\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u89c4\u5219：<\/p>\n\n\u89c4\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u5408\u6cd5\u793a\u4f8b\u975e\u6cd5\u793a\u4f8b<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u9996\u5b57\u7b26<\/td>\n\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf_\u6216\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u53f7$<\/td>\nname\u3001_value\u3001$price<\/td>\n1name\u3001@count<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u540e\u7eed\u5b57\u7b26<\/td>\n\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u3001\u7f8e\u5143\u7b26\u53f7<\/td>\nage2\u3001first_name<\/td>\nname@\u3001user id<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u654f\u611f<\/td>\nage\u548cAge\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\nage = 10; Age = 20<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u952e\u5b57<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528int\u3001class\u7b49\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nint class = 1;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57<\/td>\ngoto\u3001const\u7b49<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\nint goto = 2;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    3.2 \u9a7c\u5cf0\u547d\u540d\u6cd5（Camel Case）<\/h4>\n

    Java\u793e\u533a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91c7\u7528\u9a7c\u5cf0\u547d\u540d\u6cd5，\u5177\u4f53\u89c4\u5219\u5982\u4e0b：<\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u5c0f\u9a7c\u5cf0\u547d\u540d\u6cd5（lowerCamelCase）\u2014\u2014 \u7528\u4e8e\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d<\/span>
    \nString<\/span> studentName;<\/span> \/\/ \u6b63\u786e<\/span>
    \nint<\/span> totalScore;<\/span> \/\/ \u6b63\u786e<\/span>
    \nboolean<\/span> isGraduated;<\/span> \/\/ \u6b63\u786e<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\u793a\u8303<\/span>
    \nString<\/span> student_name;<\/span> \/\/ \u4e0d\u7b26\u5408Java\u60ef\u4f8b（\u867d\u7136\u8bed\u6cd5\u5408\u6cd5）<\/span>
    \nString<\/span> StudentName<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u4e0e\u7c7b\u540d\u6df7\u6dc6，\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u5927\u9a7c\u5cf0\u547d\u540d\u6cd5（UpperCamelCase）\u2014\u2014 \u7528\u4e8e\u7c7b\u540d\u548c\u63a5\u53e3\u540d<\/span>
    \nclass<\/span> StudentManager<\/span> {<\/span>}<\/span>
    \ninterface<\/span> DataProcessor<\/span> {<\/span>}<\/span><\/p>\n

    3.3 \u547d\u540d\u7684\u827a\u672f：\u89c1\u540d\u77e5\u610f<\/h4>\n

    \u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u6e05\u6670\u4f20\u8fbe\u5176\u7528\u9014\u548c\u542b\u4e49，\u8ba9\u4ee3\u7801\u50cf\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u4e00\u6837\u6613\u8bfb：<\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u274c \u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u547d\u540d\u2014\u2014\u542b\u4e49\u6a21\u7cca<\/span>
    \nint<\/span> d;<\/span> \/\/ d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48？\u5929\u6570？\u8ddd\u79bb？<\/span>
    \nString<\/span> s;<\/span> \/\/ s\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48？\u5b66\u751f？\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32？<\/span>
    \nboolean<\/span> f;<\/span> \/\/ f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48？\u6807\u5fd7？\u627e\u5230\u4e86？<\/span><\/p>\n

    \/\/ \u2705 \u597d\u7684\u547d\u540d\u2014\u2014\u89c1\u540d\u77e5\u610f<\/span>
    \nint<\/span> daysSinceRegistration;<\/span> \/\/ \u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136：\u6ce8\u518c\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u5929\u6570<\/span>
    \nString<\/span> studentFullName;<\/span> \/\/ \u6e05\u6670\u8868\u8fbe：\u5b66\u751f\u5168\u540d<\/span>
    \nboolean<\/span> hasPermission;<\/span> \/\/ \u8bed\u4e49\u660e\u786e：\u662f\u5426\u62e5\u6709\u6743\u9650<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u597d\u7684\u547d\u540d\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u539f\u5219：<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5355\u8bcd，\u907f\u514d\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7f29\u5199（address\u800c\u975eaddr）<\/li>\n
    • \u5e03\u5c14\u53d8\u91cf\u4ee5is\u3001has\u3001can\u3001should\u5f00\u5934<\/li>\n
    • \u96c6\u5408\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f（students\u3001orderItems）<\/li>\n
    • \u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u62fc\u97f3，\u4f7f\u7528\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6c47<\/li>\n
    • \u907f\u514d\u5355\u5b57\u6bcd\u53d8\u91cf，\u9664\u975e\u662f\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u53d8\u91cf（i\u3001j\u3001k）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \n

      \u56db\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5206\u7c7b<\/h3>\n

      Java\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u6839\u636e\u58f0\u660e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\u7684\u4e0d\u540c，\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u5927\u7c7b：\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf（\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf）\u548c\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf（\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf）\u3002<\/p>\n

      4.1 \u5206\u7c7b\u5bf9\u6bd4\u603b\u89c8<\/h4>\n

      #mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .label{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .label text,#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .node rect,#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .node circle,#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .node .label,#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-9YjYA660CqQLr7vE :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      Java\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u6309\u58f0\u660e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5206\u7c7b<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf local variable<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf member variable<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf instance variable<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf static variable \/ \u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf class variable<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u65b9\u6cd5\u5185\u90e8\u58f0\u660e<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u5185\u90e8\u58f0\u660e<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u65b9\u6cd5\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u7c7b\u4e2d\u58f0\u660e \u65e0static\u4fee\u9970<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u7c7b\u4e2d\u58f0\u660e \u6709static\u4fee\u9970<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      4.2 \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf（Local Variables）<\/h4>\n

      \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u6784\u9020\u5668\u6216\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u5185\u90e8\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u5728\u58f0\u660e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u5185\u6709\u6548，\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n

      public<\/span> class<\/span> LocalVariableDemo<\/span> {<\/span><\/p>\n

      public<\/span> void<\/span> calculateSum<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n \/\/ a\u548cb\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u5185\u90e8\u58f0\u660e<\/span>
      \n int<\/span> a =<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n int<\/span> b =<\/span> 20<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n int<\/span> sum =<\/span> a +<\/span> b;<\/span> \/\/ sum\u4e5f\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/p>\n

      System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"\u548c："<\/span> +<\/span> sum)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

      public<\/span> void<\/span> printNumbers<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n \/\/ \u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u5185\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
      \n for<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> i =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> i <<\/span> 5<\/span>;<\/span> i++<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> \/\/ i\u662f\u5faa\u73af\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
      \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>i)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>
      \n \/\/ System.out.println(i); \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef：i\u5728\u6b64\u5904\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1<\/span>
      \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

      public<\/span> void<\/span> greet<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span> name)<\/span> {<\/span> \/\/ name\u662f\u65b9\u6cd5\u53c2\u6570，\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
      \n String<\/span> greeting =<\/span> "\u4f60\u597d，"<\/span> +<\/span> name;<\/span>
      \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>greeting)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7279\u70b9：<\/p>\n\n\u7279\u70b9\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/td>\n\u6808\u5185\u5b58（Stack）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c<\/td>\n\u6ca1\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c，\u5fc5\u987b\u624b\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/td>\n\u4ece\u58f0\u660e\u5904\u5f00\u59cb，\u5230\u6240\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u7ed3\u675f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u8bbf\u95ee\u4fee\u9970\u7b26<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528public\/private\/protected\u7b49\u4fee\u9970\u7b26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168<\/td>\n\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6808\u5e27，\u5929\u7136\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      4.3 \u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf（Instance Variables \/ \u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf）<\/h4>\n

      \u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5728\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u5916\u90e8\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u3001\u6ca1\u6709static\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b（\u5bf9\u8c61）\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u526f\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

      public<\/span> class<\/span> Student<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n \/\/ \u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2aStudent\u5bf9\u8c61<\/span>
      \n private<\/span> String<\/span> name;<\/span>
      \n private<\/span> int<\/span> age;<\/span>
      \n private<\/span> String<\/span> studentId;<\/span><\/p>\n

      public<\/span> Student<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span> name,<\/span> int<\/span> age,<\/span> String<\/span> studentId)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n this<\/span>.<\/span>name =<\/span> name;<\/span>
      \n this<\/span>.<\/span>age =<\/span> age;<\/span>
      \n this<\/span>.<\/span>studentId =<\/span> studentId;<\/span>
      \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

      public<\/span> void<\/span> display<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>name +<\/span> "，"<\/span> +<\/span> age +<\/span> "\u5c81，\u5b66\u53f7："<\/span> +<\/span> studentId)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

      public<\/span> static<\/span> void<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>[<\/span>]<\/span> args)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n Student<\/span> s1 =<\/span> new<\/span> Student<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5f20\u4e09"<\/span>,<\/span> 20<\/span>,<\/span> "2024001"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n Student<\/span> s2 =<\/span> new<\/span> Student<\/span>(<\/span>"\u674e\u56db"<\/span>,<\/span> 21<\/span>,<\/span> "2024002"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      s1.<\/span>display<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5f20\u4e09，20\u5c81，\u5b66\u53f7：2024001<\/span>
      \n s2.<\/span>display<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u674e\u56db，21\u5c81，\u5b66\u53f7：2024002<\/span>
      \n \/\/ s1\u548cs2\u62e5\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u72ec\u7acb\u7684name\u3001age\u3001studentId\u526f\u672c<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      #mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .label{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .label text,#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .node rect,#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .node circle,#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .node .label,#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-05LW9fJboUBFYGuC :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n

      \u6808\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u5806\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      Student\u5bf9\u8c61 s1<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      name = \u5f20\u4e09<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      age = 20<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      studentId = 2024001<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Student\u5bf9\u8c61 s2<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      name = \u674e\u56db<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      age = 21<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      studentId = 2024002<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      s1 \u5f15\u7528<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      s2 \u5f15\u7528<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7279\u70b9：<\/p>\n\n\u7279\u70b9\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/td>\n\u5806\u5185\u5b58（Heap），\u968f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u914d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c<\/td>\n\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c（int\u4e3a0，boolean\u4e3afalse，\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3anull）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/td>\n\u968f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u800c\u521b\u5efa，\u968f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u9500\u6bc1\u800c\u9500\u6bc1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u8bbf\u95ee\u4fee\u9970\u7b26<\/td>\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528public\/protected\/private\/\u9ed8\u8ba4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f15\u7528.\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u8bbf\u95ee<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      4.4 \u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf（Static Variables \/ \u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf）<\/h4>\n

      \u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7528static\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u3001\u5728\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\u7c7b\u7ed1\u5b9a\u800c\u975e\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ed1\u5b9a\u2014\u2014\u6574\u4e2a\u7c7b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4efd\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u526f\u672c，\u88ab\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5171\u4eab\u3002<\/p>\n

      public<\/span> class<\/span> Counter<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n \/\/ \u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u72ec\u7acb<\/span>
      \n private<\/span> int<\/span> instanceCount =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      \/\/ \u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u5171\u4eab<\/span>
      \n private<\/span> static<\/span> int<\/span> totalCount =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      public<\/span> Counter<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n instanceCount++<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n totalCount++<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

      public<\/span> void<\/span> display<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5b9e\u4f8b\u8ba1\u6570："<\/span> +<\/span> instanceCount)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"\u603b\u8ba1\u8ba1\u6570："<\/span> +<\/span> totalCount)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

      public<\/span> static<\/span> void<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>[<\/span>]<\/span> args)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n Counter<\/span> c1 =<\/span> new<\/span> Counter<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n Counter<\/span> c2 =<\/span> new<\/span> Counter<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n Counter<\/span> c3 =<\/span> new<\/span> Counter<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      c1.<\/span>display<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5b9e\u4f8b\u8ba1\u6570：1，\u603b\u8ba1\u8ba1\u6570：3<\/span>
      \n c2.<\/span>display<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5b9e\u4f8b\u8ba1\u6570：1，\u603b\u8ba1\u8ba1\u6570：3<\/span>
      \n c3.<\/span>display<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5b9e\u4f8b\u8ba1\u6570：1，\u603b\u8ba1\u8ba1\u6570：3<\/span>
      \n \/\/ \u6ce8\u610f：\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684instanceCount\u90fd\u662f1（\u72ec\u7acb），<\/span>
      \n \/\/ \u800ctotalCount\u662f3（\u5171\u4eab）<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      #mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .label{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .label text,#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .node rect,#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .node circle,#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .node .label,#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-lmLWssxbIoaDZT6i :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n

      \u5806\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u65b9\u6cd5\u533a\/\u5143\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf totalCount = 3<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Counter\u5bf9\u8c61 c1<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      instanceCount = 1<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Counter\u5bf9\u8c61 c2<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      instanceCount = 1<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      Counter\u5bf9\u8c61 c3<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      instanceCount = 1<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7279\u70b9：<\/p>\n\n\u7279\u70b9\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/td>\n\u65b9\u6cd5\u533a（Method Area）\/ \u5143\u7a7a\u95f4（Metaspace，JDK 8+）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c<\/td>\n\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c（\u4e0e\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u76f8\u540c）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/td>\n\u7c7b\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u521b\u5efa，\u7c7b\u5378\u8f7d\u65f6\u9500\u6bc1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n\u7c7b\u540d.\u53d8\u91cf\u540d（\u63a8\u8350）\u6216\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f15\u7528.\u53d8\u91cf\u540d（\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u5171\u4eab\u6027<\/td>\n\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5171\u4eab\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      4.5 \u4e09\u79cd\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5168\u9762\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h4>\n\n\u6bd4\u8f83\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u58f0\u660e\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/td>\n\u65b9\u6cd5\/\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u5185<\/td>\n\u7c7b\u5185\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u5916\u3001\u65e0static<\/td>\n\u7c7b\u5185\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u5916\u3001\u6709static<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/td>\n\u6808\u5185\u5b58<\/td>\n\u5806\u5185\u5b58<\/td>\n\u65b9\u6cd5\u533a\/\u5143\u7a7a\u95f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c<\/td>\n\u65e0，\u5fc5\u987b\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n\u6709<\/td>\n\u6709<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/td>\n\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u6267\u884c\u671f\u95f4<\/td>\n\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u76f8\u540c<\/td>\n\u4e0e\u7c7b\u76f8\u540c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u8bbf\u95ee\u4fee\u9970\u7b26<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u5f52\u5c5e<\/td>\n\u65b9\u6cd5\/\u4ee3\u7801\u5757<\/td>\n\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/td>\n\u7c7b\u672c\u8eab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168<\/td>\n\u5929\u7136\u5b89\u5168<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168（\u9700\u540c\u6b65）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\n\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n\u5bf9\u8c61.\u53d8\u91cf\u540d<\/td>\n\u7c7b\u540d.\u53d8\u91cf\u540d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
      \n

      \u4e94\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/h3>\n

      5.1 \u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/h4>\n

      \u4f5c\u7528\u57df（Scope）\u662f\u6307\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5728Java\u4e2d，\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7531**\u58f0\u660e\u5b83\u7684\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7{}**\u51b3\u5b9a\u2014\u2014\u53d8\u91cf\u4ece\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f00\u59cb，\u5230\u5305\u542b\u5b83\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u7ed3\u675f\u4e3a\u6b62\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

      #mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .label{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .label text,#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .node rect,#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .node circle,#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .node .label,#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-t61Z3C7qnWKeR3iv :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u5c42\u7ea7<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u7c7b\u4f5c\u7528\u57df Class Scope<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u65b9\u6cd5\u4f5c\u7528\u57df Method Scope<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u5757\u4f5c\u7528\u57df Block Scope<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf \u6574\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5185\u53ef\u89c1<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u65b9\u6cd5\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5185\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf \u6574\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5185\u53ef\u89c1<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      \u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u5185\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf \u4ec5\u5757\u5185\u53ef\u89c1<\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

      5.2 \u5757\u7ea7\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/h4>\n

      \u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7{}\u5185\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf，\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4ec5\u9650\u8be5\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u90e8：<\/p>\n

      public<\/span> class<\/span> ScopeDemo<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n \/\/ \u7c7b\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u2014\u2014instanceVar\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5185\u53ef\u89c1<\/span>
      \n private<\/span> int<\/span> instanceVar =<\/span> 100<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      public<\/span> void<\/span> methodScope<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n \/\/ \u65b9\u6cd5\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u2014\u2014methodVar\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5185\u53ef\u89c1<\/span>
      \n int<\/span> methodVar =<\/span> 200<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

      if<\/span> (<\/span>methodVar ><\/span> 100<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n \/\/ \u5757\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u2014\u2014blockVar\u4ec5\u5728if\u5757\u5185\u53ef\u89c1<\/span>
      \n int<\/span> blockVar =<\/span> 300<\/span>;<\/span>
      \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>blockVar)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span>
      \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>methodVar)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span>
      \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>instanceVar)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span>
      \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

      System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>methodVar)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span>
      \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>instanceVar)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span>
      \n \/\/ System.out.println(blockVar); \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef！blockVar\u5df2\u8d85\u51fa\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      5.3 \u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u5d4c\u5957\u4e0e\u53d8\u91cf\u906e\u853d<\/h4>\n

      \u5f53\u5185\u5c42\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u58f0\u660e\u4e86\u4e0e\u5916\u5c42\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u540c\u540d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6，\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u91cf\u906e\u853d（Variable Shadowing）\u2014\u2014\u5185\u5c42\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a"\u906e\u853d"\u5916\u5c42\u53d8\u91cf：<\/p>\n

      public<\/span> class<\/span> ShadowingDemo<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n private<\/span> int<\/span> value =<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/p>\n

      public<\/span> void<\/span> test<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
      \n int<\/span> value =<\/span> 20<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf，\u906e\u853d\u4e86\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/p>\n

      System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>value)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa20（\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf）<\/span>
      \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>this<\/span>.<\/span>value)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa10（\u901a\u8fc7this\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf）<\/span><\/p>\n

      {<\/span>
      \n int<\/span> value =<\/span> 30<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef！<\/span>
      \n \/\/ \u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u5d4c\u5957\u5757\u4e2d\u58f0\u660e\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u540c\u540d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>
      \n }<\/span>
      \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u91cd\u8981\u89c4\u5219：<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u906e\u853d\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf（\u901a\u8fc7this\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf）<\/li>\n
      • \u65b9\u6cd5\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u906e\u853d\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n
      • \u540c\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u5185\u7684\u5d4c\u5957\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u4e0d\u80fd\u58f0\u660e\u4e0e\u5916\u5c42\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u540c\u540d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf（\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef）<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        5.4 \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/h4>\n

        \u5faa\u73af\u53d8\u91cf\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u89c4\u5219：<\/p>\n

        \/\/ for\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8efor\u5faa\u73af\u4f53<\/span>
        \nfor<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> i =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> i <<\/span> 5<\/span>;<\/span> i++<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>i)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span>
        \n}<\/span>
        \n\/\/ System.out.println(i); \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef：i\u5df2\u8d85\u51fa\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u4e0d\u540c\u5faa\u73af\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e0d\u91cd\u53e0<\/span>
        \nfor<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> i =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> i <<\/span> 3<\/span>;<\/span> i++<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af："<\/span> +<\/span> i)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span>
        \nfor<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> i =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> i <<\/span> 3<\/span>;<\/span> i++<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> \/\/ \u5408\u6cd5\u7684，\u65b0\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/span>
        \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af："<\/span> +<\/span> i)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ while\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u662f\u5305\u542bwhile\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u5757<\/span>
        \n{<\/span>
        \n int<\/span> j =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n while<\/span> (<\/span>j <<\/span> 5<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>j)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n j++<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6700\u7ec8："<\/span> +<\/span> j)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee，\u8f93\u51fa5<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        5.5 \u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h4>\n

        \/\/ \u274c \u4e0d\u63a8\u8350：\u53d8\u91cf\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u8fc7\u5927<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> void<\/span> badExample<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n String<\/span> result;<\/span> \/\/ \u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u58f0\u660e<\/span>
        \n \/\/ … 50\u884c\u4ee3\u7801 …<\/span>
        \n result =<\/span> computeResult<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u624d\u8d4b\u503c<\/span>
        \n \/\/ … \u66f4\u591a\u4ee3\u7801 …<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u2705 \u63a8\u8350：\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> void<\/span> goodExample<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ … \u5176\u4ed6\u4ee3\u7801 …<\/span>
        \n String<\/span> result =<\/span> computeResult<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u624d\u58f0\u660e<\/span>
        \n \/\/ … \u4f7f\u7528result\u7684\u4ee3\u7801 …<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        **\u539f\u5219：\u53d8\u91cf\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0f\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u5185\u58f0\u660e，\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u624d\u58f0\u660e\u3002**\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u597d\u5904\u5305\u62ec\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u51fa\u9519\u6982\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n

        \u516d\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/h3>\n

        6.1 \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5<\/h4>\n

        \u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u662f\u6307\u53d8\u91cf\u4ece\u521b\u5efa\u5230\u9500\u6bc1\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b，\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5：<\/p>\n

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rect.outer{rx:5px;ry:5px;}#mermaid-svg-lDEacyhI6yVpvvA3 .statediagram-state .divider{stroke:#9370DB;}#mermaid-svg-lDEacyhI6yVpvvA3 .statediagram-state .title-state{rx:5px;ry:5px;}#mermaid-svg-lDEacyhI6yVpvvA3 .statediagram-cluster.statediagram-cluster .inner{fill:white;}#mermaid-svg-lDEacyhI6yVpvvA3 .statediagram-cluster.statediagram-cluster-alt .inner{fill:#f0f0f0;}#mermaid-svg-lDEacyhI6yVpvvA3 .statediagram-cluster .inner{rx:0;ry:0;}#mermaid-svg-lDEacyhI6yVpvvA3 .statediagram-state rect.basic{rx:5px;ry:5px;}#mermaid-svg-lDEacyhI6yVpvvA3 .statediagram-state rect.divider{stroke-dasharray:10,10;fill:#f0f0f0;}#mermaid-svg-lDEacyhI6yVpvvA3 .note-edge{stroke-dasharray:5;}#mermaid-svg-lDEacyhI6yVpvvA3 .statediagram-note rect{fill:#fff5ad;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;rx:0;ry:0;}#mermaid-svg-lDEacyhI6yVpvvA3 .statediagram-note rect{fill:#fff5ad;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;rx:0;ry:0;}#mermaid-svg-lDEacyhI6yVpvvA3 .statediagram-note text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-lDEacyhI6yVpvvA3 .statediagram-note .nodeLabel{color:black;}#mermaid-svg-lDEacyhI6yVpvvA3 .statediagram .edgeLabel{color:red;}#mermaid-svg-lDEacyhI6yVpvvA3 #dependencyStart,#mermaid-svg-lDEacyhI6yVpvvA3 #dependencyEnd{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;stroke-width:1;}#mermaid-svg-lDEacyhI6yVpvvA3 .statediagramTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-lDEacyhI6yVpvvA3 :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u8bfb\u53d6\/\u4fee\u6539<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u58f0\u660e\/\u521b\u5efa<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u8d85\u51fa\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u7b49\u5f85GC<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\\\\n\u8d4b\u4e88\u521d\u59cb\u503c<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u5199\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u518d\u53ef\u8fbe<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u7531GC\u5224\u65ad\u5e76\u56de\u6536<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        6.2 \u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/h4>\n

        public<\/span> class<\/span> LifecycleDemo<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf：\u7c7b\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u521b\u5efa，\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u9500\u6bc1（\u6700\u957f）<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> static<\/span> int<\/span> staticVar =<\/span> initStatic<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf：\u5bf9\u8c61\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u521b\u5efa，\u5bf9\u8c61\u88abGC\u56de\u6536\u65f6\u9500\u6bc1<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> int<\/span> instanceVar =<\/span> initInstance<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        static<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"[\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf] \u7c7b\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        public<\/span> void<\/span> method<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf：\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u521b\u5efa，\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\u9500\u6bc1<\/span>
        \n int<\/span> localVar =<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"[\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf] \u65b9\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span> \/\/ localVar\u5728\u6b64\u5904\u9500\u6bc1<\/span><\/p>\n

        private<\/span> static<\/span> int<\/span> initStatic<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n return<\/span> 100<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        private<\/span> int<\/span> initInstance<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n return<\/span> 200<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        public<\/span> static<\/span> void<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>[<\/span>]<\/span> args)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"— main\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f00\u59cb —"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n LifecycleDemo<\/span> demo =<\/span> new<\/span> LifecycleDemo<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n demo.<\/span>method<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"— main\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ed3\u675f —"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u8f93\u51fa\u987a\u5e8f：<\/p>\n

        \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf
        \n— main\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f00\u59cb —
        \n\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf
        \n[\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf] \u65b9\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728
        \n— main\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ed3\u675f —<\/p>\n

        6.3 \u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u4e0e\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n

        Java\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7531\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u5668（Garbage Collector, GC）\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u3002GC\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u662f：\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u65f6，\u5b83\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7684\u5019\u9009\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

        public<\/span> class<\/span> GCDemo<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> void<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>[<\/span>]<\/span> args)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ obj\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u4e2aString\u5bf9\u8c61<\/span>
        \n String<\/span> obj =<\/span> new<\/span> String<\/span>(<\/span>"Hello"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ obj\u4ecd\u7136\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u53ef\u88ab\u56de\u6536<\/span>
        \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>obj)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u5c06obj\u8bbe\u4e3anull，\u65ad\u5f00\u5f15\u7528<\/span>
        \n obj =<\/span> null<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u539f\u6765\u7684String\u5bf9\u8c61\u73b0\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\u5b83\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u4ee5\u88abGC\u56de\u6536<\/span>
        \n \/\/ （\u5b9e\u9645\u56de\u6536\u65f6\u673a\u7531JVM\u51b3\u5b9a，\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u7acb\u5373\u56de\u6536）<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u81ea\u7136\u7ed3\u675f\u2014\u2014\u53d8\u91cf\u8d85\u51fa\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u540e，\u5f15\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u6d88\u5931<\/span>
        \n {<\/span>
        \n String<\/span> temp =<\/span> new<\/span> String<\/span>(<\/span>"World"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>temp)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span> \/\/ temp\u8d85\u51fa\u4f5c\u7528\u57df，"World"\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u56de\u6536<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u63d0\u793aJVM\u8fdb\u884c\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536（\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c）<\/span>
        \n System<\/span>.<\/span>gc<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u5668\u5806\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u5668\u5806\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d8\u91cf\u5f15\u7528#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .actor{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO text.actor>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .actor-line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .innerArc{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:none;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .messageLine0{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .messageLine1{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:2,2;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO #arrowhead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .sequenceNumber{fill:white;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO #sequencenumber{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO #crosshead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .messageText{fill:#333;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .labelBox{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .labelText,#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .labelText>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .loopText,#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .loopText>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .loopLine{stroke-width:2px;stroke-dasharray:2,2;stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .note{stroke:#aaaa33;fill:#fff5ad;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .noteText,#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .noteText>tspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .activation0{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .activation1{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .activation2{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .actorPopupMenu{position:absolute;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .actorPopupMenuPanel{position:absolute;fill:#ECECFF;box-shadow:0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);filter:drop-shadow(3px 5px 2px rgb(0 0 0 \/ 0.4));}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .actor-man line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO .actor-man circle,#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-tTaKvTzIINsMH8mO :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u5f15\u7528，\u5b58\u6d3b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u5185\u5b58\u91ca\u653eString obj = new String("Hello")obj = null（\u65ad\u5f00\u5f15\u7528）\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n

        \n

        \u4e03\u3001\u5e38\u91cf\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n

        7.1 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5e38\u91cf<\/h4>\n

        \u5e38\u91cf（Constant）\u662f\u6307\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u671f\u95f4\u5176\u503c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5728Java\u4e2d，\u4f7f\u7528final\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e38\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

        final<\/span> double<\/span> PI<\/span> =<\/span> 3.1415926535<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nfinal<\/span> int<\/span> MAX_USERS<\/span> =<\/span> 1000<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nfinal<\/span> String<\/span> APP_NAME<\/span> =<\/span> "\u6559\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf"<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5e38\u91cf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bed\u4e49\u662f：\u4e00\u65e6\u8d4b\u503c，\u6c38\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u8bd5\u56fe\u4fee\u6539\u5e38\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef：<\/p>\n

        final<\/span> int<\/span> MAX<\/span> =<\/span> 100<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nMAX<\/span> =<\/span> 200<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef：cannot assign a value to final variable<\/span><\/p>\n

        7.2 \u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u5e38\u91cf\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u533a\u522b<\/h4>\n

        #mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .label{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .label text,#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .node rect,#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .node circle,#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .node .label,#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-CR3HslHAMOnawitr :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n

        \u5e38\u91cf<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u58f0\u660e: final int MAX = 100;<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4fee\u6539: MAX = 200; \u2717<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u58f0\u660e: int count = 10;<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4fee\u6539: count = 20; \u2713<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4fee\u6539: count = 30; \u2713<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

        \u516b\u3001final\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u8be6\u89e3<\/h3>\n

        8.1 final\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u9970\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h4>\n

        final\u662fJava\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57，\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u9970\u591a\u79cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5143\u7d20：<\/p>\n\n\u4fee\u9970\u5bf9\u8c61\u542b\u4e49\u793a\u4f8b<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n
        \u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n\u503c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539（\u5e38\u91cf）<\/td>\nfinal int MAX = 100;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u65b9\u6cd5<\/td>\n\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5b50\u7c7b\u91cd\u5199<\/td>\npublic final void method() {}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u7c7b<\/td>\n\u7c7b\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7ee7\u627f<\/td>\npublic final class String {}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u53c2\u6570<\/td>\n\u53c2\u6570\u503c\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u5185\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539<\/td>\npublic void method(final int x) {}<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        \u672c\u7ae0\u805a\u7126\u4e8efinal\u4fee\u9970\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

        8.2 final\u4fee\u9970\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n

        public<\/span> void<\/span> processData<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n final<\/span> int<\/span> threshold =<\/span> 50<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5c40\u90e8\u5e38\u91cf<\/span><\/p>\n

        if<\/span> (<\/span>threshold ><\/span> 30<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n final<\/span> String<\/span> message =<\/span> "\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c"<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5757\u5185\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u5e38\u91cf<\/span>
        \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>message)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n \/\/ message = "\u65b0\u6d88\u606f"; \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef：\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ threshold = 60; \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef：\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        8.3 final\u4fee\u9970\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n

        \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5e38\u91cf\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

        public<\/span> class<\/span> Config<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00：\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\u76f4\u63a5\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> appName =<\/span> "\u6559\u52a1\u7cfb\u7edf"<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u65b9\u5f0f\u4e8c：\u5728\u6784\u9020\u5668\u4e2d\u521d\u59cb\u5316（\u7a7a\u767dfinal）<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> version;<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> port;<\/span><\/p>\n

        public<\/span> Config<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span> version,<\/span> int<\/span> port)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n this<\/span>.<\/span>version =<\/span> version;<\/span>
        \n this<\/span>.<\/span>port =<\/span> port;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef：final\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6784\u9020\u5668\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u524d\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u666e\u901a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539final\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
        \n \/\/ public void setVersion(String v) { this.version = v; }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        8.4 final\u4fee\u9970\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n

        public<\/span> class<\/span> AppConstants<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u9759\u6001\u5e38\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u63a8\u8350：\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> APP_NAME<\/span> =<\/span> "\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf"<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE<\/span> =<\/span> 20<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> double<\/span> TAX_RATE<\/span> =<\/span> 0.13<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u9759\u6001\u5e38\u91cf\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728\u9759\u6001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5757\u4e2d\u8d4b\u503c<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> long<\/span> TIMESTAMP<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        static<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n TIMESTAMP<\/span> =<\/span> System<\/span>.<\/span>currentTimeMillis<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

        \u4e5d\u3001final\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0efinal\u5f15\u7528<\/h3>\n

        9.1 \u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h4>\n

        \u8fd9\u662f\u7406\u89e3final\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002final\u4fee\u9970\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u4fee\u9970\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u53d8\u91cf，\u542b\u4e49\u6709\u5fae\u5999\u4f46\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u533a\u522b：<\/p>\n\n\u7c7b\u578bfinal\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/tr>\n\n\n\n
        \u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b（int\u3001double\u7b49）<\/td>\n\u6570\u503c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539<\/td>\n\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u503c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b（String\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7b49）<\/td>\n\u5f15\u7528\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539<\/td>\n\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5f15\u7528（\u6307\u9488）<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        9.2 \u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u5e38\u91cf<\/h4>\n

        final<\/span> int<\/span> NUMBER<\/span> =<\/span> 100<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n\/\/ NUMBER = 200; \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef：\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u503c<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u2014\u2014\u503c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

        9.3 \u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u5e38\u91cf<\/h4>\n

        final<\/span> StringBuilder<\/span> builder =<\/span> new<\/span> StringBuilder<\/span>(<\/span>"Hello"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n\/\/ builder = new StringBuilder("World"); \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef：\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u5f15\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n

        builder.<\/span>append<\/span>(<\/span>" World"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5408\u6cd5！\u4fee\u6539\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u5bb9，\u4e0d\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u5f15\u7528<\/span>
        \nbuilder.<\/span>append<\/span>(<\/span>" Java"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5408\u6cd5！<\/span>
        \nSystem<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>builder)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa：Hello World Java<\/span><\/p>\n

        #mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a svg{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .label{font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .label text,#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .node rect,#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .node circle,#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .node .label,#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-DPUBWN2SNFZem43a :root{–mermaid-font-family:\\”trebuchet ms\\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}<\/p>\n

        final StringBuilder builder<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u56fa\u5b9a\u6307\u5411<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        append<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4e0d\u80fd\u6307\u5411<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        builder \u5f15\u7528\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        StringBuilder\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        Hello World Java<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u65b0\u7684StringBuilder\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u89e3：final\u9501\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\u5f15\u7528（\u7bad\u5934），\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n

        9.4 \u7ecf\u5178\u6848\u4f8b：final\u6570\u7ec4<\/h4>\n

        final<\/span> int<\/span>[<\/span>]<\/span> scores =<\/span> {<\/span>85<\/span>,<\/span> 90<\/span>,<\/span> 78<\/span>,<\/span> 92<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ scores = new int[]{70, 80, 90}; \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef：\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u5f15\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20！<\/span>
        \nscores[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> 88<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5408\u6cd5<\/span>
        \nscores[<\/span>1<\/span>]<\/span> =<\/span> 95<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5408\u6cd5<\/span><\/p>\n

        System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>Arrays<\/span>.<\/span>toString<\/span>(<\/span>scores)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ [88, 95, 78, 92]<\/span><\/p>\n

        9.5 String\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027：\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h4>\n

        String\u662fJava\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7c7b（Immutable Class），\u5373String\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u65e6\u521b\u5efa，\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53final\u548cString\u7ec4\u5408\u65f6：<\/p>\n

        final<\/span> String<\/span> text =<\/span> "Hello"<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n\/\/ text = "World"; \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef：\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u5f15\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ String\u6ca1\u6709\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>
        \n\/\/ text.??? \/\/ \u6240\u6709String\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u8fd4\u56de\u65b0String，\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u5bf9\u8c61<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u6240\u4ee5 final String \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u2014\u2014\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

        \u5341\u3001\u9759\u6001\u5e38\u91cf：static final\u7ec4\u5408<\/h3>\n

        10.1 \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981static final<\/h4>\n

        static final\u7ec4\u5408\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u662fJava\u4e2d\u6700\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002static\u786e\u4fdd\u5e38\u91cf\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7c7b\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61（\u5168\u5c40\u552f\u4e00），final\u786e\u4fdd\u503c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n

        public<\/span> class<\/span> MathConstants<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u9759\u6001\u5e38\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7c7b\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5e38\u91cf<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> double<\/span> PI<\/span> =<\/span> 3.141592653589793<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> double<\/span> E<\/span> =<\/span> 2.718281828459045<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u4ec5static（\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf，\u53ef\u4fee\u6539）<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> double<\/span> tolerance =<\/span> 0.0001<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u4ec5final（\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5e38\u91cf，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u4efd）<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> final<\/span> double<\/span> value;<\/span><\/p>\n

        public<\/span> MathConstants<\/span>(<\/span>double<\/span> value)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n this<\/span>.<\/span>value =<\/span> value;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        10.2 static final\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n

        \/\/ \u573a\u666f\u4e00：\u6570\u5b66\u5e38\u91cf<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> double<\/span> PI<\/span> =<\/span> 3.141592653589793<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u573a\u666f\u4e8c：\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> MAX_RETRY_TIMES<\/span> =<\/span> 3<\/span>;<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> long<\/span> CACHE_EXPIRE_SECONDS<\/span> =<\/span> 3600<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u573a\u666f\u4e09：\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> STATUS_SUCCESS<\/span> =<\/span> 200<\/span>;<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> STATUS_NOT_FOUND<\/span> =<\/span> 404<\/span>;<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> STATUS_ERROR<\/span> =<\/span> 500<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u573a\u666f\u56db：\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> ERROR_INVALID_INPUT<\/span> =<\/span> "\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u65e0\u6548"<\/span>;<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> ERROR_DB_CONNECTION<\/span> =<\/span> "\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25"<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u573a\u666f\u4e94：\u679a\u4e3e\u66ff\u4ee3\u503c<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> ROLE_ADMIN<\/span> =<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> ROLE_USER<\/span> =<\/span> 2<\/span>;<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> ROLE_GUEST<\/span> =<\/span> 3<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        10.3 \u5e38\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h4>\n

        \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d，\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5e38\u91cf\u96c6\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406：<\/p>\n

        \/**
        \n * \u7cfb\u7edf\u5e38\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b
        \n *\/<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> final<\/span> class<\/span> SystemConstants<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u79c1\u6709\u6784\u9020\u5668，\u9632\u6b62\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> SystemConstants<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n throw<\/span> new<\/span> UnsupportedOperationException<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5e38\u91cf\u7c7b\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ ========== \u5e94\u7528\u4fe1\u606f ==========<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> APP_NAME<\/span> =<\/span> "\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf"<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> APP_VERSION<\/span> =<\/span> "3.2.1"<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ ========== \u5206\u9875\u914d\u7f6e ==========<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE<\/span> =<\/span> 20<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> MAX_PAGE_SIZE<\/span> =<\/span> 100<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ ========== \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\u9650\u5236 ==========<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> long<\/span> MAX_FILE_SIZE<\/span> =<\/span> 10<\/span> *<\/span> 1024<\/span> *<\/span> 1024<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ 10MB<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span>[<\/span>]<\/span> ALLOWED_EXTENSIONS<\/span> =<\/span> {<\/span>".pdf"<\/span>,<\/span> ".doc"<\/span>,<\/span> ".docx"<\/span>}<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ ========== \u4e1a\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u7801 ==========<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> CODE_SUCCESS<\/span> =<\/span> 200<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> CODE_BAD_REQUEST<\/span> =<\/span> 400<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> CODE_UNAUTHORIZED<\/span> =<\/span> 401<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> CODE_SERVER_ERROR<\/span> =<\/span> 500<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

        \u5341\u4e00\u3001\u4e3a\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u91cf<\/h3>\n

        11.1 \u6d88\u706d\u9b54\u672f\u6570\u5b57（Magic Numbers）<\/h4>\n

        \u9b54\u672f\u6570\u5b57\u662f\u6307\u76f4\u63a5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u6570\u503c\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8ba9\u4ee3\u7801\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u274c \u5145\u6ee1\u9b54\u672f\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u2014\u2014\u96be\u4ee5\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> double<\/span> calculateArea<\/span>(<\/span>double<\/span> radius)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n return<\/span> 3.1415926535<\/span> *<\/span> radius *<\/span> radius;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        public<\/span> void<\/span> setUserStatus<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> status)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n if<\/span> (<\/span>status ==<\/span> 1<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u6fc0\u6d3b\u7528\u6237<\/span>
        \n }<\/span> else<\/span> if<\/span> (<\/span>status ==<\/span> 2<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u51bb\u7ed3\u7528\u6237<\/span>
        \n }<\/span> else<\/span> if<\/span> (<\/span>status ==<\/span> 3<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u2705 \u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> double<\/span> PI<\/span> =<\/span> 3.1415926535<\/span>;<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> STATUS_ACTIVE<\/span> =<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> STATUS_FROZEN<\/span> =<\/span> 2<\/span>;<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> STATUS_DELETED<\/span> =<\/span> 3<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        public<\/span> double<\/span> calculateArea<\/span>(<\/span>double<\/span> radius)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n return<\/span> PI<\/span> *<\/span> radius *<\/span> radius;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        public<\/span> void<\/span> setUserStatus<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> status)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n if<\/span> (<\/span>status ==<\/span> STATUS_ACTIVE<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u6fc0\u6d3b\u7528\u6237<\/span>
        \n }<\/span> else<\/span> if<\/span> (<\/span>status ==<\/span> STATUS_FROZEN<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u51bb\u7ed3\u7528\u6237<\/span>
        \n }<\/span> else<\/span> if<\/span> (<\/span>status ==<\/span> STATUS_DELETED<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        11.2 \u96c6\u4e2d\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n

        \u5c06\u5e38\u91cf\u96c6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49，\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6539\u4e00\u5904，\u7cfb\u7edf\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6548：<\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u5206\u6563\u7684\u786c\u7f16\u7801<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> class<\/span> ServiceA<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> void<\/span> connect<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n int<\/span> timeout =<\/span> 5000<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4<\/span>
        \n \/\/ …<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> class<\/span> ServiceB<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> void<\/span> connect<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n int<\/span> timeout =<\/span> 5000<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u4e5f\u5199\u4e865000<\/span>
        \n \/\/ …<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span>
        \n\/\/ \u5982\u679c\u8981\u6539\u4e3a3000，\u9700\u8981\u5230\u5904\u4fee\u6539，\u5bb9\u6613\u9057\u6f0f<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u96c6\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> class<\/span> AppConfig<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> CONNECTION_TIMEOUT<\/span> =<\/span> 5000<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> DB_URL<\/span> =<\/span> "jdbc:mysql:\/\/localhost:3306\/edu"<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> DB_USER<\/span> =<\/span> "admin"<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> DB_PASSWORD<\/span> =<\/span> "secure123"<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        public<\/span> class<\/span> ServiceA<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> void<\/span> connect<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n int<\/span> timeout =<\/span> AppConfig<\/span>.<\/span>CONNECTION_TIMEOUT<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n \/\/ …<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> class<\/span> ServiceB<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> void<\/span> connect<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n int<\/span> timeout =<\/span> AppConfig<\/span>.<\/span>CONNECTION_TIMEOUT<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n \/\/ …<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        11.3 \u589e\u5f3a\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027<\/h4>\n

        \u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u540d\u4ee3\u66ff\u6570\u503c，\u8ba9\u4ee3\u7801\u610f\u56fe\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136：<\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u274c \u542b\u4e49\u4e0d\u660e\u786e<\/span>
        \nif<\/span> (<\/span>user.<\/span>getAge<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> >=<\/span> 18<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> .<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span> }<\/span>
        \nif<\/span> (<\/span>order.<\/span>getAmount<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> ><\/span> 999<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> .<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span> }<\/span>
        \nif<\/span> (<\/span>attemptCount <=<\/span> 3<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> .<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span> }<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u2705 \u542b\u4e49\u660e\u786e<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> LEGAL_ADULT_AGE<\/span> =<\/span> 18<\/span>;<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> double<\/span> FREE_SHIPPING_THRESHOLD<\/span> =<\/span> 999.0<\/span>;<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> MAX_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS<\/span> =<\/span> 3<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        if<\/span> (<\/span>user.<\/span>getAge<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> >=<\/span> LEGAL_ADULT_AGE<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> .<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span> }<\/span>
        \nif<\/span> (<\/span>order.<\/span>getAmount<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> ><\/span> FREE_SHIPPING_THRESHOLD<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> .<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span> }<\/span>
        \nif<\/span> (<\/span>attemptCount <=<\/span> MAX_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> .<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span> }<\/span><\/p>\n

        11.4 \u964d\u4f4e\u51fa\u9519\u6982\u7387<\/h4>\n

        \/\/ \u274c \u5bb9\u6613\u5199\u9519<\/span>
        \nif<\/span> (<\/span>dayOfWeek ==<\/span> 7<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> .<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span> }<\/span> \/\/ 7\u662f\u5468\u65e5\u8fd8\u662f\u5468\u516d？<\/span>
        \nif<\/span> (<\/span>month ==<\/span> 12<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> .<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span> }<\/span> \/\/ 12\u662f12\u6708，\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u2705 \u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u5199\u9519<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> SUNDAY<\/span> =<\/span> 7<\/span>;<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> DECEMBER<\/span> =<\/span> 12<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        if<\/span> (<\/span>dayOfWeek ==<\/span> SUNDAY<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> .<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span> }<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

        \u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5e38\u91cf<\/h3>\n

        12.1 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5e38\u91cf<\/h4>\n

        \u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5e38\u91cf（Compile-Time Constant）\u662f\u6307\u503c\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u9636\u6bb5\u5c31\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u3002Java\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5e38\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u8054\u4f18\u5316\u2014\u2014\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5c06\u5e38\u91cf\u503c\u76f4\u63a5\u66ff\u6362\u5230\u5f15\u7528\u5904，\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u67e5\u627e\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5e38\u91cf，\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u6ee1\u8db3：<\/p>\n

      • \u4f7f\u7528static final\u4fee\u9970<\/li>\n
      • \u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u6216String<\/li>\n
      • \u5728\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\u76f4\u63a5\u521d\u59cb\u5316（\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u9020\u5668\u6216\u9759\u6001\u5757）<\/li>\n
      • \u521d\u59cb\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f（\u80fd\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u6c42\u503c\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f）<\/li>\n

        \/\/ \u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5e38\u91cf<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> MAX<\/span> =<\/span> 100<\/span>;<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> NAME<\/span> =<\/span> "Java"<\/span>;<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> double<\/span> RATE<\/span> =<\/span> 0.05<\/span>;<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> CALCULATED<\/span> =<\/span> 60<\/span> *<\/span> 60<\/span> *<\/span> 24<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5e38\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5e38\u91cf<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> long<\/span> CURRENT_TIME<\/span> =<\/span> System<\/span>.<\/span>currentTimeMillis<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> RANDOM<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> Random<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>nextInt<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> INPUT<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> Scanner<\/span>(<\/span>System<\/span>.<\/span>in)<\/span>.<\/span>nextLine<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>\/\/ \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a<\/span><\/p>\n

        12.2 \u5185\u8054\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u6548\u679c<\/h4>\n

        \/\/ \u7c7bA\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e38\u91cf<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> class<\/span> A<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> VALUE<\/span> =<\/span> 100<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u7c7bB\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u91cf<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> class<\/span> B<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> void<\/span> test<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n int<\/span> x =<\/span> A<\/span>.<\/span>VALUE<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u5b9e\u9645\u53d8\u4e3a：int x = 100;<\/span>
        \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>x)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5185\u8054\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u540e\u679c：\u5982\u679c\u4fee\u6539\u4e86A\u7c7b\u4e2dVALUE\u7684\u503c\u540e\u53ea\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1A\u7c7b\u800c\u4e0d\u7f16\u8bd1B\u7c7b，B\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u65e7\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64，\u5982\u679c\u5e38\u91cf\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u5316，\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u6539\u7528\u975e\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5e38\u91cf（\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u503c）\u3002<\/p>\n

        12.3 switch-case\u4e2d\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5e38\u91cf<\/h4>\n

        switch\u8bed\u53e5\u7684case\u6807\u7b7e\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5e38\u91cf：<\/p>\n

        public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> STATUS_ACTIVE<\/span> =<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> STATUS_INACTIVE<\/span> =<\/span> 2<\/span>;<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> STATUS_DELETED<\/span> =<\/span> 3<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        public<\/span> void<\/span> handleStatus<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> status)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n switch<\/span> (<\/span>status)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n case<\/span> STATUS_ACTIVE<\/span>:<\/span> \/\/ \u2713 \u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5e38\u91cf<\/span>
        \n activateUser<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n break<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n case<\/span> STATUS_INACTIVE<\/span>:<\/span> \/\/ \u2713 \u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5e38\u91cf<\/span>
        \n deactivateUser<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n break<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n case<\/span> STATUS_DELETED<\/span>:<\/span> \/\/ \u2713 \u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5e38\u91cf<\/span>
        \n deleteUser<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n break<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

        \u5341\u4e09\u3001\u7a7a\u767dfinal\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n

        13.1 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7a7a\u767dfinal<\/h4>\n

        \u7a7a\u767dfinal\u53d8\u91cf（Blank Final Variable）\u662f\u6307\u5728\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u8d4b\u4e88\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u7684final\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6784\u9020\u5668\u4e2d\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c，\u4e14\u53ea\u80fd\u8d4b\u503c\u4e00\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n

        public<\/span> class<\/span> Document<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> id;<\/span> \/\/ \u7a7a\u767dfinal<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> title;<\/span> \/\/ \u7a7a\u767dfinal<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> final<\/span> long<\/span> createdAt;<\/span> \/\/ \u7a7a\u767dfinal<\/span><\/p>\n

        public<\/span> Document<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span> id,<\/span> String<\/span> title)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n this<\/span>.<\/span>id =<\/span> id;<\/span> \/\/ \u5728\u6784\u9020\u5668\u4e2d\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/span>
        \n this<\/span>.<\/span>title =<\/span> title;<\/span>
        \n this<\/span>.<\/span>createdAt =<\/span> System<\/span>.<\/span>currentTimeMillis<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ this.id = "newId"; \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef：final\u53d8\u91cf\u53ea\u80fd\u8d4b\u503c\u4e00\u6b21<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6784\u9020\u5668，\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6240\u6709\u7a7a\u767dfinal\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> Document<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span> title)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n this<\/span>.<\/span>id =<\/span> UUID<\/span>.<\/span>randomUUID<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>toString<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210ID<\/span>
        \n this<\/span>.<\/span>title =<\/span> title;<\/span>
        \n this<\/span>.<\/span>createdAt =<\/span> System<\/span>.<\/span>currentTimeMillis<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef：\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u6784\u9020\u5668\u9057\u6f0f\u4e86\u7a7a\u767dfinal\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/span>
        \n \/\/ public Document() {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \/\/ \u7f3a\u5c11 id\u3001title\u3001createdAt \u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/span>
        \n \/\/ }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        13.2 \u7a7a\u767dfinal\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n

        \u7a7a\u767dfinal\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408**\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61（Immutable Object）**\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f：<\/p>\n

        \/**
        \n * \u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u4e00\u65e6\u5728\u6784\u9020\u65f6\u786e\u5b9a，\u5c31\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53d8
        \n *\/<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> class<\/span> ImmutableUser<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> username;<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> email;<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> age;<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> final<\/span> LocalDate<\/span> registrationDate;<\/span><\/p>\n

        public<\/span> ImmutableUser<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span> username,<\/span> String<\/span> email,<\/span> int<\/span> age)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u53c2\u6570\u6821\u9a8c<\/span>
        \n if<\/span> (<\/span>username ==<\/span> null<\/span> ||<\/span> username.<\/span>isEmpty<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n throw<\/span> new<\/span> IllegalArgumentException<\/span>(<\/span>"\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n if<\/span> (<\/span>age <<\/span> 0<\/span> ||<\/span> age ><\/span> 150<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n throw<\/span> new<\/span> IllegalArgumentException<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5e74\u9f84\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u590d\u5236<\/span>
        \n this<\/span>.<\/span>username =<\/span> username;<\/span>
        \n this<\/span>.<\/span>email =<\/span> email;<\/span>
        \n this<\/span>.<\/span>age =<\/span> age;<\/span>
        \n this<\/span>.<\/span>registrationDate =<\/span> LocalDate<\/span>.<\/span>now<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u53ea\u63d0\u4f9bgetter，\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9bsetter<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> String<\/span> getUsername<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> return<\/span> username;<\/span> }<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> String<\/span> getEmail<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> return<\/span> email;<\/span> }<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> int<\/span> getAge<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> return<\/span> age;<\/span> }<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> LocalDate<\/span> getRegistrationDate<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> return<\/span> registrationDate;<\/span> }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        13.3 \u7a7a\u767dfinal\u4e0e\u9759\u6001final<\/h4>\n

        \u9759\u6001\u7684\u7a7a\u767dfinal\u53d8\u91cf\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u9759\u6001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5757\u4e2d\u8d4b\u503c：<\/p>\n

        public<\/span> class<\/span> AppConfig<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u9759\u6001\u7a7a\u767dfinal\u2014\u2014\u5728\u9759\u6001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5757\u4e2d\u8d4b\u503c<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> CONFIG_PATH<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> MAX_CONNECTIONS<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> boolean<\/span> DEBUG_MODE<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        static<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5e38\u91cf\u503c<\/span>
        \n Properties<\/span> props =<\/span> loadProperties<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n CONFIG_PATH<\/span> =<\/span> props.<\/span>getProperty<\/span>(<\/span>"config.path"<\/span>,<\/span> "\/etc\/app\/config"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n MAX_CONNECTIONS<\/span> =<\/span> Integer<\/span>.<\/span>parseInt<\/span>(<\/span>
        \n props.<\/span>getProperty<\/span>(<\/span>"max.connections"<\/span>,<\/span> "100"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n DEBUG_MODE<\/span> =<\/span> Boolean<\/span>.<\/span>parseBoolean<\/span>(<\/span>
        \n props.<\/span>getProperty<\/span>(<\/span>"debug.mode"<\/span>,<\/span> "false"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        private<\/span> static<\/span> Properties<\/span> loadProperties<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u52a0\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u903b\u8f91<\/span>
        \n return<\/span> new<\/span> Properties<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

        \u5341\u56db\u3001var\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u65ad（Java 10+）<\/h3>\n

        14.1 var\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h4>\n

        Java 10\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u65ad（Local-Variable Type Inference），\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528var\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u58f0\u660e\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8d4b\u503c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u53f3\u4fa7\u81ea\u52a8\u63a8\u65ad\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u4f20\u7edf\u5199\u6cd5<\/span>
        \nString<\/span> name =<\/span> "\u5f20\u4e09"<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nint<\/span> age =<\/span> 25<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nList<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span><\/span> names =<\/span> new<\/span> ArrayList<\/span><<\/span>><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528var（Java 10+）<\/span>
        \nvar<\/span> name =<\/span> "\u5f20\u4e09"<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u63a8\u65ad\u4e3aString<\/span>
        \nvar<\/span> age =<\/span> 25<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u63a8\u65ad\u4e3aint<\/span>
        \nvar<\/span> names =<\/span> new<\/span> ArrayList<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u63a8\u65ad\u4e3aArrayList<String><\/span><\/p>\n

        14.2 var vs final var<\/h4>\n

        var\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0efinal\u7ec4\u5408\u4f7f\u7528，\u58f0\u660e\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf：<\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u7c7b\u578b\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u63a8\u65ad<\/span>
        \nfinal<\/span> var<\/span> PI<\/span> =<\/span> 3.14159<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u63a8\u65ad\u4e3adouble<\/span>
        \nfinal<\/span> var<\/span> MAX_SIZE<\/span> =<\/span> 1000<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u63a8\u65ad\u4e3aint<\/span>
        \nfinal<\/span> var<\/span> appName =<\/span> "\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf"<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u63a8\u65ad\u4e3aString<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ PI = 3.14; \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef：final\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539<\/span><\/p>\n

        14.3 var\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9650\u5236<\/h4>\n

        var\u867d\u7136\u65b9\u4fbf，\u4f46\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9650\u5236：<\/p>\n\n\u9650\u5236\u8bf4\u660e\u793a\u4f8b<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        \u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u5b57\u6bb5\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\nvar name;（\u7c7b\u5b57\u6bb5）\u274c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u5fc5\u987b\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u6765\u63a8\u65ad\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\nvar x; \u274c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u4e0d\u80fd\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3anull<\/td>\n\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a8\u65adnull\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\nvar x = null; \u274c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u5408\u58f0\u660e<\/td>\n\u4e00\u884c\u58f0\u660e\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528var<\/td>\nvar a = 1, b = 2; \u274c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8eLambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570（Java 11+\u5141\u8bb8）<\/td>\n\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        \/\/ var\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/span>
        \nvar<\/span> user =<\/span> new<\/span> User<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5f20\u4e09"<\/span>,<\/span> 25<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u5bf9\u8c61\u521b\u5efa<\/span>
        \nvar<\/span> list =<\/span> List<\/span>.<\/span>of<\/span>(<\/span>"A"<\/span>,<\/span> "B"<\/span>,<\/span> "C"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u96c6\u5408<\/span>
        \nvar<\/span> input =<\/span> new<\/span> FileInputStream<\/span>(<\/span>"a.txt"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ IO\u6d41<\/span>
        \nvar<\/span> result =<\/span> computeSomething<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ var\u7684\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u2014\u2014\u964d\u4f4e\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027<\/span>
        \nvar<\/span> x =<\/span> compute<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ x\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7c7b\u578b？\u4e0d\u6e05\u6670<\/span>
        \n\/\/ \u6b64\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u663e\u5f0f\u7c7b\u578b\u58f0\u660e<\/span>
        \nResultType<\/span> x =<\/span> compute<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u6e05\u6670\u660e\u4e86<\/span><\/p>\n

        14.4 var\u4f7f\u7528\u5efa\u8bae<\/h4>\n

        \/\/ \u2705 \u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528var\u7684\u573a\u666f<\/span>
        \n\/\/ \u573a\u666f1：\u7c7b\u578b\u540d\u5f88\u957f，\u53f3\u4fa7\u5df2\u7ecf\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u7c7b\u578b<\/span>
        \nvar<\/span> userMap =<\/span> new<\/span> HashMap<\/span><<\/span>Integer<\/span>,<\/span> User<\/span>><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u573a\u666f2：try-with-resources<\/span>
        \ntry<\/span> (<\/span>var<\/span> reader =<\/span> new<\/span> BufferedReader<\/span>(<\/span>new<\/span> FileReader<\/span>(<\/span>"data.txt"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ …<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u573a\u666f3：\u4e0d\u53ef\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/span>
        \nvar<\/span> list =<\/span> Collections<\/span>.<\/span>emptyList<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u274c \u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528var\u7684\u573a\u666f<\/span>
        \n\/\/ \u573a\u666f1：\u53f3\u4fa7\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u63a8\u65ad\u7c7b\u578b<\/span>
        \nvar<\/span> data =<\/span> service.<\/span>getData<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u573a\u666f2：\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b，\u663e\u5f0f\u58f0\u660e\u66f4\u6e05\u6670<\/span>
        \n\/\/ var count = 0; \u4e0d\u5982<\/span>
        \nint<\/span> count =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

        \u5341\u4e94\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n

        15.1 \u603b\u662f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n

        \/\/ \u274c \u574f\u4e60\u60ef：\u5ef6\u8fdf\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/span>
        \nint<\/span> result;<\/span>
        \nif<\/span> (<\/span>condition)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n result =<\/span> calculateA<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span> else<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n result =<\/span> calculateB<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span>
        \n\/\/ \u5bb9\u6613\u5fd8\u8bb0else\u5206\u652f\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u2705 \u597d\u4e60\u60ef：\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u4e09\u5143\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/span>
        \nint<\/span> result =<\/span> condition ?<\/span> calculateA<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> :<\/span> calculateB<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u6216\u8005\u7acb\u5373\u8d4b\u4e88\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c<\/span>
        \nint<\/span> result =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nif<\/span> (<\/span>condition)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n result =<\/span> calculateA<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span> else<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n result =<\/span> calculateB<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        15.2 \u4f7f\u7528final\u4f18\u5148<\/h4>\n

        \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u53d8\u91cf，\u5e94\u8be5\u7acb\u5373\u6807\u6ce8\u4e3afinal：<\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u274c \u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u5224\u65ad\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u88ab\u4fee\u6539<\/span>
        \nString<\/span> databaseUrl =<\/span> config.<\/span>getProperty<\/span>(<\/span>"db.url"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nint<\/span> maxAttempts =<\/span> Integer<\/span>.<\/span>parseInt<\/span>(<\/span>config.<\/span>getProperty<\/span>(<\/span>"max.attempts"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u2705 \u660e\u786e\u8868\u8fbe\u610f\u56fe：\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503c\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8<\/span>
        \nfinal<\/span> String<\/span> databaseUrl =<\/span> config.<\/span>getProperty<\/span>(<\/span>"db.url"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nfinal<\/span> int<\/span> maxAttempts =<\/span> Integer<\/span>.<\/span>parseInt<\/span>(<\/span>config.<\/span>getProperty<\/span>(<\/span>"max.attempts"<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        15.3 \u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/h4>\n

        \/\/ \u274c \u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u8fc7\u5927<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> void<\/span> processOrders<\/span>(<\/span>List<\/span><<\/span>Order<\/span>><\/span><\/span> orders)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n double<\/span> totalPrice =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u6574\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span>
        \n int<\/span> orderCount =<\/span> orders.<\/span>size<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u6574\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span>
        \n String<\/span> report =<\/span> ""<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u6574\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span><\/p>\n

        for<\/span> (<\/span>Order<\/span> order :<\/span> orders)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n totalPrice +=<\/span> order.<\/span>getPrice<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ 100\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u4f7f\u7528report<\/span>
        \n report =<\/span> buildReport<\/span>(<\/span>totalPrice,<\/span> orderCount)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u2705 \u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u6700\u5c0f\u5316<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> void<\/span> processOrders<\/span>(<\/span>List<\/span><<\/span>Order<\/span>><\/span><\/span> orders)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n int<\/span> orderCount =<\/span> orders.<\/span>size<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        double<\/span> totalPrice =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n for<\/span> (<\/span>Order<\/span> order :<\/span> orders)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n totalPrice +=<\/span> order.<\/span>getPrice<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        String<\/span> report =<\/span> buildReport<\/span>(<\/span>totalPrice,<\/span> orderCount)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n \/\/ report\u53ea\u5728\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u624d\u58f0\u660e<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        15.4 \u4e00\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n

        \/\/ \u274c \u4e00\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u96be\u4ee5\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5<\/span>
        \nint<\/span> a =<\/span> 1<\/span>,<\/span> b =<\/span> 2<\/span>,<\/span> c =<\/span> 3<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nString<\/span> x =<\/span> "hello"<\/span>,<\/span> y =<\/span> "world"<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u2705 \u6bcf\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u6e05\u6670\u660e\u4e86<\/span>
        \nint<\/span> a =<\/span> 1<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nint<\/span> b =<\/span> 2<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nint<\/span> c =<\/span> 3<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nString<\/span> x =<\/span> "hello"<\/span>;<\/span>
        \nString<\/span> y =<\/span> "world"<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        15.5 \u53d8\u91cf\u58f0\u660e\u987a\u5e8f<\/h4>\n

        \u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d，\u5efa\u8bae\u6309\u4ee5\u4e0b\u987a\u5e8f\u58f0\u660e\u53d8\u91cf：<\/p>\n

        public<\/span> class<\/span> OrderService<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ 1. \u9759\u6001\u5e38\u91cf<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> MAX_ITEMS<\/span> =<\/span> 100<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> SERVICE_NAME<\/span> =<\/span> "OrderService"<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ 2. \u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> static<\/span> int<\/span> activeOrderCount =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> static<\/span> Logger<\/span> logger =<\/span> LoggerFactory<\/span>.<\/span>getLogger<\/span>(<\/span>OrderService<\/span>.<\/span>class<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ 3. \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5e38\u91cf<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> orderId;<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> final<\/span> LocalDateTime<\/span> createdAt;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ 4. \u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> List<\/span><<\/span>OrderItem<\/span>><\/span><\/span> items;<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> OrderStatus<\/span> status;<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> double<\/span> totalAmount;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ 5. \u6784\u9020\u5668…<\/span>
        \n \/\/ 6. \u65b9\u6cd5…<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

        \u5341\u516d\u3001\u7efc\u5408\u6848\u4f8b：\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h3>\n

        \u4e0b\u9762\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7efc\u5408\u6848\u4f8b，\u5c06\u672c\u7ae0\u6240\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u878d\u4f1a\u8d2f\u901a：<\/p>\n

        import<\/span> java.<\/span>time.<\/span><\/span>LocalDateTime<\/span><\/span>;<\/span>
        \nimport<\/span> java.<\/span>util.<\/span><\/span>ArrayList<\/span><\/span>;<\/span>
        \nimport<\/span> java.<\/span>util.<\/span><\/span>List<\/span><\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/**
        \n * \u5e38\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b
        \n *\/<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> final<\/span> class<\/span> GradeConstants<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> GradeConstants<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5e38\u91cf<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> double<\/span> PASS_SCORE<\/span> =<\/span> 60.0<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> double<\/span> FULL_SCORE<\/span> =<\/span> 100.0<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> int<\/span> MAX_COURSE_COUNT<\/span> =<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u7b49\u7ea7\u5e38\u91cf<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> GRADE_A<\/span> =<\/span> "\u4f18\u79c0"<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> GRADE_B<\/span> =<\/span> "\u826f\u597d"<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> GRADE_C<\/span> =<\/span> "\u4e2d\u7b49"<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> GRADE_D<\/span> =<\/span> "\u53ca\u683c"<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> static<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> GRADE_F<\/span> =<\/span> "\u4e0d\u53ca\u683c"<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/**
        \n * \u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bbe\u8ba1
        \n *\/<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> class<\/span> StudentGrade<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5e38\u91cf（\u7a7a\u767dfinal）<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> studentId;<\/span> \/\/ \u5b66\u53f7<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> courseName;<\/span> \/\/ \u8bfe\u7a0b\u540d<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> final<\/span> double<\/span> score;<\/span> \/\/ \u5206\u6570<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> final<\/span> String<\/span> grade;<\/span> \/\/ \u7b49\u7ea7<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> final<\/span> LocalDateTime<\/span> recordTime;<\/span> \/\/ \u5f55\u5165\u65f6\u95f4<\/span><\/p>\n

        public<\/span> StudentGrade<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span> studentId,<\/span> String<\/span> courseName,<\/span> double<\/span> score)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u53c2\u6570\u6821\u9a8c<\/span>
        \n if<\/span> (<\/span>studentId ==<\/span> null<\/span> ||<\/span> studentId.<\/span>isBlank<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n throw<\/span> new<\/span> IllegalArgumentException<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5b66\u53f7\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n if<\/span> (<\/span>score <<\/span> 0<\/span> ||<\/span> score ><\/span> GradeConstants<\/span>.<\/span>FULL_SCORE<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n throw<\/span> new<\/span> IllegalArgumentException<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5206\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u57280-100\u4e4b\u95f4"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        this<\/span>.<\/span>studentId =<\/span> studentId;<\/span>
        \n this<\/span>.<\/span>courseName =<\/span> courseName;<\/span>
        \n this<\/span>.<\/span>score =<\/span> score;<\/span>
        \n this<\/span>.<\/span>grade =<\/span> calculateGrade<\/span>(<\/span>score)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u6839\u636e\u5206\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b49\u7ea7<\/span>
        \n this<\/span>.<\/span>recordTime =<\/span> LocalDateTime<\/span>.<\/span>now<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        private<\/span> String<\/span> calculateGrade<\/span>(<\/span>double<\/span> score)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n if<\/span> (<\/span>score >=<\/span> 90<\/span>)<\/span> return<\/span> GradeConstants<\/span>.<\/span>GRADE_A<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n if<\/span> (<\/span>score >=<\/span> 80<\/span>)<\/span> return<\/span> GradeConstants<\/span>.<\/span>GRADE_B<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n if<\/span> (<\/span>score >=<\/span> 70<\/span>)<\/span> return<\/span> GradeConstants<\/span>.<\/span>GRADE_C<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n if<\/span> (<\/span>score >=<\/span> GradeConstants<\/span>.<\/span>PASS_SCORE<\/span>)<\/span> return<\/span> GradeConstants<\/span>.<\/span>GRADE_D<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n return<\/span> GradeConstants<\/span>.<\/span>GRADE_F<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u53ea\u63d0\u4f9bgetter\u65b9\u6cd5，\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9bsetter<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> String<\/span> getStudentId<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> return<\/span> studentId;<\/span> }<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> String<\/span> getCourseName<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> return<\/span> courseName;<\/span> }<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> double<\/span> getScore<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> return<\/span> score;<\/span> }<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> String<\/span> getGrade<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> return<\/span> grade;<\/span> }<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> LocalDateTime<\/span> getRecordTime<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span> return<\/span> recordTime;<\/span> }<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/**
        \n * \u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u53ca\u683c
        \n *\/<\/span>
        \n public<\/span> boolean<\/span> isPassed<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n return<\/span> score >=<\/span> GradeConstants<\/span>.<\/span>PASS_SCORE<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/**
        \n * \u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1
        \n *\/<\/span>
        \npublic<\/span> class<\/span> GradeService<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u7edf\u8ba1\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> static<\/span> int<\/span> totalRecordsProcessed =<\/span> 0<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> final<\/span> List<\/span><<\/span>StudentGrade<\/span>><\/span><\/span> grades =<\/span> new<\/span> ArrayList<\/span><<\/span>><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> String<\/span> className;<\/span><\/p>\n

        public<\/span> GradeService<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span> className)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n this<\/span>.<\/span>className =<\/span> className;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        public<\/span> void<\/span> addGrade<\/span>(<\/span>StudentGrade<\/span> grade)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u4ec5\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u5185\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>
        \n final<\/span> int<\/span> beforeSize =<\/span> grades.<\/span>size<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ final\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/p>\n

        grades.<\/span>add<\/span>(<\/span>grade)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n totalRecordsProcessed++<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        if<\/span> (<\/span>grades.<\/span>size<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> ><\/span> beforeSize)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>"\u6210\u7ee9\u6dfb\u52a0\u6210\u529f"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        public<\/span> double<\/span> calculateAverage<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n \/\/ \u4f7f\u7528var\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u65ad（Java 10+）<\/span>
        \n var<\/span> totalScore =<\/span> 0.0<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5df2\u786e\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3adouble<\/span><\/p>\n

        for<\/span> (<\/span>var<\/span> grade :<\/span> grades)<\/span> {<\/span> \/\/ \u589e\u5f3afor\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684var<\/span>
        \n totalScore +=<\/span> grade.<\/span>getScore<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        \/\/ \u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u2014\u2014\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u624d\u58f0\u660e\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>
        \n var<\/span> averageScore =<\/span> grades.<\/span>isEmpty<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> ?<\/span> 0.0<\/span> :<\/span> totalScore \/<\/span> grades.<\/span>size<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        return<\/span> averageScore;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        public<\/span> static<\/span> int<\/span> getTotalRecordsProcessed<\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n return<\/span> totalRecordsProcessed;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

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        \u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u00abfinal class\u00bb<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        GradeConstants<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        +PASS_SCORE: double<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        +FULL_SCORE: double<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        +MAX_COURSE_COUNT: int<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        +GRADE_A~F: String<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u00abimmutable\u00bb<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        StudentGrade<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        -studentId: String<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        -courseName: String<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        -score: double<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        -grade: String<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        -recordTime: LocalDateTime<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        +isPassed() : : boolean<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        GradeService<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        -totalRecordsProcessed: int<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        -grades: List<StudentGrade><\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        -className: String<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        +addGrade(StudentGrade) : : void<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        +calculateAverage() : : double<\/p>\n

        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

        \u672c\u7ae0\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u56de\u987e<\/h3>\n\n\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u8bf4\u660e<\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        \u53d8\u91cf（Variable）<\/td>\n\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u547d\u540d\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u5185\u90e8\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf，\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6808\u4e2d，\u65e0\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u58f0\u660e\u3001\u65e0static\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u53d8\u91cf，\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61，\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5806\u4e2d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n\u7528static\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u53d8\u91cf，\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7c7b，\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5171\u4eab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u4f5c\u7528\u57df（Scope）<\/td>\n\u53d8\u91cf\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u8303\u56f4，\u7531\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u51b3\u5b9a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u53d8\u91cf\u906e\u853d（Shadowing）<\/td>\n\u5185\u5c42\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u5916\u5c42\u53d8\u91cf\u540c\u540d\u65f6，\u5185\u5c42\u53d8\u91cf\u8986\u76d6\u5916\u5c42\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/td>\n\u53d8\u91cf\u4ece\u521b\u5efa\u5230\u9500\u6bc1\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536（GC）<\/td>\nJVM\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u6536\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u5b58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        final<\/td>\n\u58f0\u660e\u5e38\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57，\u8868\u793a"\u4e00\u65e6\u8d4b\u503c，\u6c38\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8"<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u5e38\u91cf（Constant）<\/td>\n\u4f7f\u7528final\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u3001\u503c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u53d8\u91cf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5e38\u91cf<\/td>\n\u503c\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u671f\u53ef\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5e38\u91cf，\u4f1a\u88ab\u5185\u8054\u4f18\u5316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u7a7a\u767dfinal<\/td>\n\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684final\u53d8\u91cf，\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6784\u9020\u5668\u4e2d\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u9b54\u672f\u6570\u5b57<\/td>\n\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3001\u542b\u4e49\u4e0d\u660e\u7684\u6570\u503c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        var<\/td>\nJava 10\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u65ad\u5173\u952e\u5b57<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
        \n

        \u601d\u8003\u4e0e\u7ec3\u4e60<\/h3>\n

        \u57fa\u7840\u7ec3\u4e60<\/h4>\n
      • \u6307\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u6539\u6b63：<\/li>\n

        public<\/span> class<\/span> Test<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> int<\/span> count;<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> static<\/span> String<\/span> name;<\/span><\/p>\n

        public<\/span> void<\/span> method<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> x)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n int<\/span> y;<\/span>
        \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>y)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u9519\u8bef1<\/span><\/p>\n

        if<\/span> (<\/span>x ><\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n int<\/span> y =<\/span> 10<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u9519\u8bef2<\/span>
        \n String<\/span> name =<\/span> "test"<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span><\/p>\n

        final<\/span> int<\/span> z;<\/span>
        \n z =<\/span> 100<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n z =<\/span> 200<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u9519\u8bef3<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

      • \u5206\u6790\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c：<\/li>\n

        public<\/span> class<\/span> ScopeTest<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n private<\/span> static<\/span> int<\/span> value =<\/span> 100<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        public<\/span> static<\/span> void<\/span> main<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>[<\/span>]<\/span> args)<\/span> {<\/span>
        \n int<\/span> value =<\/span> 200<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>value)<\/span>;<\/span><\/p>\n

        {<\/span>
        \n int<\/span> value =<\/span> 300<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n System<\/span>.<\/span>out.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>value)<\/span>;<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n }<\/span>
        \n}<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u8fdb\u9636\u7ec3\u4e60<\/h4>\n
      • \n

        \u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2aBankAccount（\u94f6\u884c\u8d26\u6237）\u7c7b，\u8981\u6c42：<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u4f7f\u7528final\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u786e\u4fdd\u8d26\u53f7（accountNumber）\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u540e\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539<\/li>\n
        • \u4f7f\u7528\u9759\u6001\u5e38\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u94f6\u884c\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u6700\u4f4e\u4f59\u989d\u9650\u5236<\/li>\n
        • \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2awithdraw（\u53d6\u6b3e）\u65b9\u6cd5，\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u53d6\u6b3e\u540e\u4f59\u989d\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5236<\/li>\n
        • \u4f7f\u7528\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u7edf\u8ba1\u6240\u6709\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u603b\u4f59\u989d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n

          \u5206\u6790\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801，\u5224\u65ad\u6bcf\u4e2afinal\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u6548\u679c：<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          final<\/span> List<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span><\/span> names =<\/span> new<\/span> ArrayList<\/span><<\/span>><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nnames.<\/span>add<\/span>(<\/span>"\u5f20\u4e09"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nnames.<\/span>add<\/span>(<\/span>"\u674e\u56db"<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span>
          \nnames =<\/span> new<\/span> ArrayList<\/span><<\/span>><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>)<\/span>;<\/span> \/\/ \u80fd\u5426\u7f16\u8bd1\u901a\u8fc7？<\/span><\/p>\n

        • \u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2aConfig\u7c7b，\u8981\u6c42\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u9020\u5668\u4ece\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4fe1\u606f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e38\u91cf：\u6570\u636e\u5e93URL\u3001\u6700\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3001\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u7a7a\u767dfinal\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n

          \u601d\u8003\u9898<\/h4>\n
        • \n

          \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48Java\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u7a7a\u767dfinal\u673a\u5236？\u5b83\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898？<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          String\u662ffinal\u7c7b，String\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u3002\u90a3\u4e48final String\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7684String\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u6709\u533a\u522b\u5417？\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48？<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          \n

          \u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u9884\u89c8<\/h3>\n

          \u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u5e38\u91cf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u540e，\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u4e0e\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\u5230\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97，\u4ece\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u5230\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4f60\u5c06\u5b66\u5230\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Java\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91，\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u9677\u9631\u3002<\/p>\n

          \n

          \u672c\u7ae0\u5b8c | \u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5bb9\u5668，\u5e38\u91cf\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u951a\u70b9\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec，\u4f60\u5c31\u638c\u63e1\u4e86Java\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          \u4e00\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u6982\u8ff0
          \n1.1 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u53d8\u91cf
          \n\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d，\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u53d8\u91cf（Variable）\u5c31\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u547d\u540d\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u53d8\u91cf\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\\”\u5e26\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\\”\u2014\u2014\u6807\u7b7e\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\u540d，\u5bb9\u5668\u91cc\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u503c\u3002\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u65f6，\u901a\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u5373\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee；\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u65f6，\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u8d4b\u503c\u3002
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